核酸 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A biological term for DNA/RNA molecules.
- Commonly refers to a PCR health test in China.
- Used with verbs like '做' (to do) and '测' (to test).
- Essential for understanding health regulations and biology.
The term 核酸 (hé suān) is a scientific noun that literally translates to 'nucleic acid.' In a biological context, it refers to the complex organic substances present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. However, for most Chinese speakers and learners today, the word carries a much heavier social and practical weight than its purely academic definition might suggest. Since 2020, this word has moved from the laboratory into the center of daily conversation across China.
- Scientific Origin
- Biologically, 核 (hé) means 'nucleus' or 'core,' and 酸 (suān) means 'acid.' Together, they describe the acidic molecules found within the nuclei of cells that carry genetic information.
- Social Context
- In everyday modern Mandarin, '核酸' is almost always used as a shorthand for '核酸检测' (hé suān jiǎn cè), which means 'nucleic acid testing' (specifically PCR tests). It became a ubiquitous part of life during the global health crisis.
你做核酸了吗？(Nǐ zuò hésuān le ma?) — Have you done your nucleic acid test?
When you are in a Chinese-speaking environment, you will hear this word in hospitals, at community gates, in news broadcasts, and among friends. It is a 'high-frequency' word not because everyone is a biologist, but because it became a requirement for travel, work, and entering public spaces. Understanding this word is essential for navigating the health infrastructure of modern China. It is used both as a noun ('The test') and in verb-object constructions like '做核酸' (to do the test) or '测核酸' (to measure/test for nucleic acid).
我们需要提取样本中的核酸进行分析。(Wǒmen xūyào tíqǔ yàngběn zhōng de hésuān jìnxíng fēnxī.) — We need to extract the nucleic acid from the sample for analysis.
- Daily Phrasing
- '做核酸' is the most common way to say 'get tested.' You don't usually say 'get a PCR test' in casual Chinese; you just say 'do nucleic acid.'
我的核酸报告还没出来。(Wǒ de hésuān bàogào hái méi chūlái.) — My nucleic acid report hasn't come out yet.
Using 核酸 (hé suān) effectively requires understanding its role as a noun that often functions as part of a compound or a direct object. In the most common usage, it is the object of the verb '做' (zuò - to do) or '测' (cè - to test). For example, if you are asking someone if they have been tested, you would say '你做核酸了吗？' If you are discussing the results, '核酸' acts as a modifier for the noun '结果' (jiéguǒ - result) or '报告' (bàogào - report).
请出示您的核酸证明。(Qǐng chūshì nín de hésuān zhèngmíng.) — Please show your nucleic acid certificate.
In more formal or scientific settings, '核酸' is used to describe biological processes. You might talk about '核酸序列' (nucleic acid sequence) or '核酸结构' (nucleic acid structure). It's important to note that Chinese doesn't distinguish between 'nucleic acid' as a substance and 'nucleic acid' as a test as clearly as English might; the context does the work. If you are at a hospital, it's the test. If you are in a biology class, it's the molecule.
- Common Verb Pairings
- 做 (zuò - to do), 测 (cè - to test), 查 (chá - to check), 提取 (tíqǔ - to extract), 扩增 (kuòzēng - to amplify).
我们要进行大规模核酸筛查。(Wǒmen yào jìnxíng dàguīmó hésuān shāichá.) — We need to conduct large-scale nucleic acid screening.
Furthermore, when discussing the frequency of testing, '核酸' is often paired with time durations. For instance, '48小时核酸' (48-hour nucleic acid) refers to a test result obtained within the last 48 hours. This became a standard phrase for entry requirements into buildings or public transport. In this context, the word acts as a specific identifier for a health status.
进入商场需要72小时核酸阴性证明。(Jìnrù shāngchǎng xūyào qīshí'èr xiǎoshí hésuān yīnxìng zhèngmíng.) — Entering the mall requires a 72-hour negative nucleic acid certificate.
- Scientific Usage
- In genetics, you will see '脱氧核糖核酸' (DNA) and '核糖核酸' (RNA). '核酸' is the umbrella term for both.
The auditory environment of '核酸' has shifted significantly over the last few years. Previously, you would only hear this in a university biology lecture or a specialized medical lab. However, during the height of the pandemic, it became one of the most broadcasted words in China. Loudspeakers in residential communities would blare: '请各位居民下楼做核酸' (Qǐng gèwèi jūmín xiàlóu zuò hésuān - Residents, please come downstairs for nucleic acid testing). This specific rhythmic call became a defining sound of the era.
现在排队做核酸的人多吗？(Xiànzài páiduì zuò hésuān de rén duō ma?) — Are there many people lining up for the nucleic acid test now?
You will also hear it in news reports discussing public health policies, vaccine development, and genetic research. In hospitals, nurses will use it when instructing patients on where to go for viral screening. If you are traveling between cities in China, station announcements might mention '核酸检测要求' (nucleic acid testing requirements). It is a word that spans the most mundane daily chores to the most complex scientific breakthroughs.
In a workplace setting, HR might ask employees to upload their '核酸结果' (nucleic acid results) to a company portal. In schools, teachers might remind students to complete their '核酸' before returning to campus. Even in social media memes, '核酸' became a symbol of the collective experience of the early 2020s, often used in jokes about the long queues or the sensation of the cotton swab in the throat. This transition from 'academic jargon' to 'daily necessity' is one of the most rapid linguistic shifts in modern Mandarin.
明天早上八点开始全员核酸。(Míngtiān zǎoshang bā diǎn kāishǐ quányuán hésuān.) — Mass nucleic acid testing starts tomorrow at 8 AM.
- Professional Settings
- In biotech companies, you'll hear '核酸提取仪' (nucleic acid extraction instrument) or '核酸药物' (nucleic acid drugs).
One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers learning Chinese is trying to use the English word 'test' or 'PCR' instead of 核酸 (hé suān). While 'PCR' is understood by medical professionals, the general public uses '核酸.' If you say '我要做一个PCR' (Wǒ yào zuò yīgè PCR), people will likely understand you, but it sounds very foreign. The natural way to say it is '我要做核酸.'
- Confusing '核酸' with '核能'
- Because both start with '核' (hé - nuclear/nucleus), some learners confuse '核酸' (nucleic acid) with '核能' (hé néng - nuclear energy) or '核武器' (hé wǔ qì - nuclear weapons). Remember that '核' just means 'core' or 'nucleus'; in '核酸,' it refers to the cell nucleus.
错误：他去医院做核能。 (He went to the hospital to do nuclear energy.)
正确：他去医院做核酸。 (He went to the hospital to do a nucleic acid test.)
Another mistake is the mispronunciation of the tones. '核' is second tone (hé) and '酸' is first tone (suān). If you pronounce 'suān' with a falling tone (suàn), it might sound like '蒜' (suàn - garlic) or '算' (suàn - to calculate). Saying 'hé suàn' might sound like 'nuclear calculation' or 'cost accounting' (核算 - though written differently, it's a homophone). Context usually clarifies this, but getting the tones right is crucial for professional communication.
Finally, learners sometimes over-rely on '核酸' when they actually mean '抗原' (kàngyuán - antigen). An '抗原检测' is the rapid home test kit, whereas '核酸' is the laboratory-processed test. During the pandemic, these were distinct requirements. Confusing the two could lead to using the wrong type of test for travel requirements. Always specify '核酸' if you need the lab result.
别忘了，这是核酸检测，不是抗原自测。(Don't forget, this is a nucleic acid test, not an antigen self-test.)
When discussing 核酸 (hé suān), it's helpful to know the broader family of related biological and medical terms. Depending on whether you are in a lab or a clinic, you might use different words to be more precise.
- DNA & RNA
- The full names are 脱氧核糖核酸 (tuōyǎng hétáng hésuān) for DNA and 核糖核酸 (hétáng hésuān) for RNA. In casual conversation, Chinese people use the English acronyms DNA and RNA, but '核酸' is the generic term for both.
- 基因 (jīyīn)
- This means 'gene.' While nucleic acids are the material, genes are the functional units. You might say '基因检测' (genetic testing) for things like ancestry or hereditary diseases, whereas '核酸检测' is usually for virus detection.
我们要区分核酸和基因的概念。(We need to distinguish the concepts of nucleic acid and genes.)
Another important comparison is between '核酸' and '病毒' (bìngdú - virus). Nucleic acid is often what is being tested *within* the virus. In news reports, you might hear about '病毒核酸' (viral nucleic acid). In a clinical setting, you might also hear '核酸扩增技术' (NAAT - Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology), which is the formal name for the PCR process.
- 抗原 (kàngyuán) vs. 核酸
- Antigen (抗原) tests are faster but less accurate. '核酸' tests are the 'gold standard' (金标准 - jīn biāozhǔn) for accuracy.
Lastly, in a very formal academic context, you might encounter '核苷酸' (hégānsuān - nucleotide), which are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Unless you are studying biochemistry in Mandarin, you likely won't need this, but it's good to recognize the '核' and '酸' components.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'suān' as 'suàn' (4th tone), which sounds like 'garlic' or 'calculate'.
- Pronouncing 'hé' as 'hē' (1st tone), which means 'to drink'.
- Failing to keep 'suān' high enough, making it sound like 'suǎn' (3rd tone).
- Mixing up the 'h' and 'f' sounds in some regional dialects (though rare for this word).
- Incorrectly stressing the 'hé' too much; it should be a smooth rise.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
我要做核酸。
I want to do a nucleic acid test.
Subject + Verb (做) + Object (核酸).
核酸在哪儿？
Where is the nucleic acid (test)?
Simple question structure using '在哪儿'.
医生，做核酸吗？
Doctor, (should I) do a nucleic acid test?
Addressing the person + Verb + Object + Question particle '吗'.
核酸是阴性。
The nucleic acid (result) is negative.
Noun + 是 + Adjective/Result.
这里可以做核酸。
You can do a nucleic acid test here.
Location + 可以 (can) + Verb + Object.
你做核酸了吗？
Have you done the nucleic acid test?
Using '了' to indicate completed action.
核酸不贵。
The nucleic acid (test) is not expensive.
Subject + 不 (not) + Adjective.
请排队做核酸。
Please line up for the nucleic acid test.
Imperative sentence starting with '请' (please).
我需要48小时内的核酸报告。
I need a nucleic acid report within 48 hours.
Time duration + '内的' (within) + Noun.
核酸结果什么时候出来？
When will the nucleic acid result come out?
Question word '什么时候' (when) placed after the subject.
今天做核酸的人很多。
There are many people doing nucleic acid tests today.
Time + Verb phrase + '的' + Noun + 很多.
你的核酸证明在哪里？
Where is your nucleic acid certificate?
Possessive '你的' + Noun + '在哪里'.
我在网上预约了核酸。
I booked a nucleic acid test online.
Location '在网上' (on the internet) + Verb '预约'.
做核酸的时候请张开嘴。
Please open your mouth when doing the nucleic acid test.
'...的时候' means 'when/during'.
由于感冒，他去做核酸了。
Due to a cold, he went to do a nucleic acid test.
'由于' (due to) introduces the reason.
我的核酸码是绿色的。
My nucleic acid code is green.
Subject + 是 + Color + '的'.
根据最新规定，进入景区必须持24小时核酸证明。
According to the latest regulations, entering the scenic area requires a 24-hour nucleic acid certificate.
'根据' (according to) and '必须' (must).
虽然我已经接种了疫苗，但还是要按时做核酸。
Although I have been vaccinated, I still need to do nucleic acid tests on time.
'虽然...但还是...' (Although... but still...).
社区通知说明天早上全员都要参加核酸筛查。
The community notice says everyone must participate in nucleic acid screening tomorrow morning.
'全员' (all members/everyone) and '参加' (participate).
如果你没有核酸阴性结果，可能无法登机。
If you don't have a negative nucleic acid result, you might not be able to board the plane.
'如果...可能...' (If... might...).
护士正在为排队的居民进行核酸采样。
The nurse is performing nucleic acid sampling for the residents in line.
'正在' (is currently) and '进行' (to carry out).
为了大家的健康，请务必配合核酸检测工作。
For everyone's health, please be sure to cooperate with the nucleic acid testing work.
'为了' (for the sake of) and '务必' (must/be sure to).
核酸检测的准确率通常比抗原自测要高。
The accuracy rate of nucleic acid testing is usually higher than that of antigen self-testing.
Comparison using '比' (than) and '要高' (is higher).
他因为核酸结果异常被隔离了。
He was quarantined because of an abnormal nucleic acid result.
Passive voice using '被' (by/was).
科学家们正在研究如何提高核酸检测的灵敏度。
Scientists are researching how to improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid testing.
'如何' (how) and '灵敏度' (sensitivity).
这种新型病毒的核酸序列已经被完整破译。
The nucleic acid sequence of this new virus has been completely decoded.
'已经被' (has already been) and '破译' (to decode).
大规模核酸检测是切断病毒传播途径的有效手段。
Large-scale nucleic acid testing is an effective means to cut off the transmission route of the virus.
'有效手段' (effective means) and '切断' (to cut off).
该实验室具备进行高通量核酸分析的能力。
The laboratory has the capability to perform high-throughput nucleic acid analysis.
'具备...的能力' (possess the capability of...).
核酸药物在治疗某些罕见病方面展现出巨大潜力。
Nucleic acid drugs have shown great potential in treating certain rare diseases.
'在...方面' (in the aspect of) and '展现' (to show/display).
我们应当建立更加完善的核酸数据保护机制。
We should establish a more complete nucleic acid data protection mechanism.
'完善' (complete/perfect) as an adjective and '机制' (mechanism).
频繁的核酸检测给地方财政带来了不小的压力。
Frequent nucleic acid testing has brought considerable pressure to local finances.
'带来' (bring) and '压力' (pressure).
通过核酸比对，警方成功确认了嫌疑人的身份。
Through nucleic acid comparison, the police successfully confirmed the identity of the suspect.
'通过' (through/by means of) and '比对' (to compare).
核酸的稳定性受环境温度和酸碱度的显著影响。
The stability of nucleic acids is significantly affected by ambient temperature and pH levels.
Technical terms '稳定性' (stability) and '酸碱度' (pH level).
该研究探讨了核酸纳米结构在药物递送中的应用。
The study explored the application of nucleic acid nanostructures in drug delivery.
'探讨' (to explore/discuss) and '递送' (delivery).
核酸外切酶在DNA修复和复制过程中起着至关重要的作用。
Exonucleases play a vital role in the processes of DNA repair and replication.
'起着...的作用' (plays the role of...) and '至关重要' (vital).
生物伦理学家对核酸检测数据的滥用表达了深切忧虑。
Bioethicists have expressed deep concern over the misuse of nucleic acid testing data.
'滥用' (misuse/abuse) and '深切忧虑' (deep concern).
这种检测方法通过靶向特定的核酸序列来识别病原体。
This detection method identifies pathogens by targeting specific nucleic acid sequences.
'通过...来...' (through... in order to...) and '靶向' (targeting).
核酸杂交技术是分子生物学研究中的基础手段之一。
Nucleic acid hybridization technology is one of the basic tools in molecular biology research.
'基础手段之一' (one of the basic means).
在极端环境下，某些微生物演化出了独特的核酸保护机制。
In extreme environments, certain microorganisms have evolved unique nucleic acid protection mechanisms.
'演化' (to evolve) and '独特' (unique).
该论文详述了核酸提取过程中的质量控制标准。
The paper details the quality control standards in the process of nucleic acid extraction.
'详述' (detail/expound) and '质量控制' (quality control).
核酸不仅仅是遗传信息的载体，更是生命演化史的见证。
Nucleic acids are not just carriers of genetic information, but witnesses to the history of life's evolution.
'不仅仅是...更是...' (not just... but even more...).
对核酸构象动态变化的深入理解，为精准医疗奠定了理论基础。
An in-depth understanding of the dynamic changes in nucleic acid conformation has laid the theoretical foundation for precision medicine.
'构象' (conformation) and '奠定...基础' (lay the foundation for...).
在后疫情时代，如何平衡公共卫生安全与核酸隐私权成为了一个棘手的课题。
In the post-pandemic era, balancing public health security with nucleic acid privacy rights has become a thorny issue.
'平衡...与...' (balance... and...) and '棘手' (thorny/difficult).
核酸干扰技术（RNAi）的发现曾引发了生物医学领域的革命性跨越。
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) technology once triggered a revolutionary leap in the field of biomedicine.
'引发' (to trigger) and '革命性跨越' (revolutionary leap).
通过对古生物遗骸中残存核酸的分析，我们可以窥见数万年前的生态风貌。
By analyzing residual nucleic acids in the remains of ancient organisms, we can glimpse the ecological landscape of tens of thousands of years ago.
'窥见' (glimpse/get a peek of) and '生态风貌' (ecological landscape).
核酸适体作为一种新型识别分子，在生物传感器开发中具有广阔的前景。
Nucleic acid aptamers, as a new type of recognition molecule, have broad prospects in the development of biosensors.
'作为' (acting as) and '广阔的前景' (broad prospects).
生命起源于核酸还是蛋白质，这一争论在学术界已持续数十年之久。
The debate over whether life originated from nucleic acids or proteins has persisted in the academic community for decades.
'起源于' (originate from) and '持续...之久' (lasted as long as...).
对非编码核酸功能的挖掘，正不断刷新我们对基因组复杂性的认知。
The excavation of non-coding nucleic acid functions is constantly refreshing our perception of genomic complexity.
'挖掘' (excavation/mining) and '刷新...认知' (refresh/update perception).
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Negative nucleic acid result. It means no virus was found.
我今天拿到了核酸阴性证明。
— Positive nucleic acid result. It means the virus was detected.
如果核酸阳性，需要立刻隔离。
— Pooled testing, where multiple samples are tested together to save time.
混检核酸的成本比较低。
— Individual testing, where one person's sample is tested alone.
单检核酸的结果通常更快。
— Normalized testing, referring to regular, scheduled testing of the population.
这个城市已经取消了常态化核酸。
— Nucleic acid testing booth, small structures on streets for testing.
街角有一个核酸亭。
— The tube used to hold the swab sample.
护士把棉签放进核酸采样管里。
— Abnormal nucleic acid result, often requiring a retest.
他的核酸异常，正在复核。
— A specific location designated for testing.
最近的核酸检测点在超市旁边。
— The validity period of a test result (e.g., 24h, 48h).
请注意核酸有效期。
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— A modern play on '谈虎色变' (to turn pale at the mention of a tiger), meaning people get nervous just hearing the word 'nucleic acid' or 'nuclear'.
那段时间大家真是谈核色变。
Informal/Modern Slang— A humorous expression during the pandemic implying that a negative test result was the most important thing for freedom of movement.
出门在外，真是核酸为王啊。
Slang— Doing a test every single day; describes a very strict testing regime.
那时候我们过着一日一核酸的生活。
Casual— Sarcastic term for a test result that allows one to continue working or moving (like 'extending life' in a game).
我的核酸要过期了，得赶紧去续命。
Slang— Not an idiom, but a common colloquialism for the throat swab part of the test.
天天都要捅嗓子眼，真难受。
Informal— The state of no longer needing to do nucleic acid tests.
我们终于实现核酸自由了！
Slang— Someone who has done a huge number of tests.
看他的记录，真是个核酸大户。
Humorous— Someone who refuses to do the test despite requirements.
社区里有个核酸钉子户。
Informal— The feeling of safety or permission granted by a green health code (based on nucleic acid).
只要绿码护体，哪里都能去。
Slang— A joke about checking results online or 'virtual' testing.
你在网上查了吗？这就是云核酸。
Jokingخانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
Summary
While '核酸' (hé suān) technically means 'nucleic acid' (DNA/RNA), in modern Mandarin it is the universal term for a PCR test. If you are in China, '做核酸' is a phrase you must know for health check-ups.
- A biological term for DNA/RNA molecules.
- Commonly refers to a PCR health test in China.
- Used with verbs like '做' (to do) and '测' (to test).
- Essential for understanding health regulations and biology.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر health
一粒
A2یک دانه یا یک قرص. برای اشیاء کوچک و گرد مانند برنج یا بذر استفاده میشود. 'یک قرص' میشود '一粒药'.
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2غیرطبیعی، ناهنجار؛ چیزی که مطابق روال معمول نیست.
以上
A2بالاتر از، بیشتر از (یک عدد). به مقدار یا سطحی اشاره دارد که برابر یا بیشتر از یک نقطه مرجع مشخص است.
酸痛
A2بعد از ورزش تمام بدنم درد میکند.
倒是
A2در عوض؛ در واقع. برای نشان دادن یک تضاد غیرمنتظره استفاده میشود.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2آمپول زدن یا طب سوزنی انجام دادن.
急性
B1حاد (بیماری): به وضعیتی اطلاق میشود که ناگهان شروع شده و معمولاً شدید اما کوتاهمدت است. حاد (بیماری): هنگام صحبت در مورد بیماریها، «حاد» چیزی را توصیف میکند که به سرعت شروع میشود و شدید است، اما مدت زیادی طول نمیکشد.
急性病
B1یک بیماری حاد که ناگهان ظاهر می شود و دوره کوتاهی دارد.
