توالی رسمی: متعاقباً و پس از آن
subsequently و thereafter استفاده کن.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'subsequently' and 'thereafter' to link events chronologically in formal writing, replacing basic words like 'then' or 'after that'.
- Use 'subsequently' for events following another in a series. Example: 'He resigned and subsequently left the country.'
- Use 'thereafter' to mean 'from that time forward'. Example: 'The policy changed; thereafter, profits rose.'
- Place 'subsequently' before the verb or at the start of a clause with a comma.
مرور کلی
then استفاده کردهاید؟ این اتفاق برای همه ما میافتد. شما میخواهید باهوش به نظر برسید و نشان دهید که اتفاقات با نظم خاصی رخ دادهاند.then کمی... ابتدایی است. مثل پوشیدن دمپایی در یک مصاحبه کاری!subsequently و thereafter نیاز دارید. اینها نسخههای حرفهای کلمه then هستند.first و next و then استفاده میکنیم. برای سطح A1 خوب هستند، اما برای پیشرفت به تنوع بیشتری نیاز دارید.subsequently و thereafter رابط هستند و دو اتفاق را به هم وصل میکنند. اتفاق اول میافتد، سپس اتفاق دوم. این کلمات مثل یک پل در وسط قرار میگیرند.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
subsequently بسیار شبیه به afterwards است و یعنی «بعد از اینکه اتفاق دیگری افتاد». معمولاً روی این تمرکز دارد که یک اتفاق به دنبال اتفاق دیگری آمده است. کلمه thereafter کمی دقیقتر است و اغلب به معنی «از آن زمان به بعد» یا «بعد از آن نقطه» است.
الگوی ساخت
Subsequently ، [جمله دوم]. (حتماً بعد از آن کاما بگذارید!)
thereafter ، [جمله دوم].
subsequently برنده یک جایزه شدند.
کی استفاده کنیم
- شبکههای اجتماعی: در یک پست طولانی لینکدین درباره مسیر شغلیتان.
- مصاحبههای کاری: هنگام توضیح سوابق کاری در زوم.
- پشتیبانی فنی: هنگام توضیح یک مشکل در برنامه.
اشتباهات رایج
- 1استفاده در صحبتهای دوستانه: به دوستتان نگویید «رفتم باشگاه و
subsequentlyشیک پروتئین خریدم»! - 2فراموش کردن کاما: وقتی جمله را با
subsequentlyشروع میکنید، حتماً کاما بگذارید.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
then چیست؟then: دوستانه، مخصوص صحبت کردن، کوتاه.subsequently: رسمی، مخصوص نوشتن، طولانی و باکلاس.
سؤالات رایج
subsequently رسمیتر از thereafter است؟subsequently در بیزنس رایجتر است و thereafter کمی حس حقوقی یا قدیمی دارد.Sentence Position and Function
| Position | Word | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Initial
|
Subsequently,
|
Connects two sentences
|
Subsequently, the plan changed.
|
|
Medial
|
...subsequently...
|
Modifies the verb directly
|
He was subsequently fired.
|
|
Final
|
...thereafter.
|
Indicates a continuing state
|
They lived there thereafter.
|
|
Post-Semicolon
|
; thereafter,
|
Links independent clauses
|
He left; thereafter, all was quiet.
|
|
Pre-Verb
|
subsequently [verb]
|
Shows immediate sequence
|
She subsequently realized her error.
|
Meanings
Formal adverbs used to indicate that one event happens after another in time or sequence.
Sequential Action
Used to describe an action that follows another as part of a logical or chronological chain.
“The data was collected and subsequently analyzed by the research team.”
“He was injured in the first half and subsequently replaced.”
Continuous State Following an Event
Used with 'thereafter' to describe a state or habit that began after a specific point in time and continued.
“They married in 1950 and lived in London thereafter.”
“The contract was terminated; thereafter, no further payments were made.”
Logical Consequence
Occasionally implies that the second event happened because of the first, though the primary meaning is temporal.
“The market crashed, and subsequently, many investors lost their savings.”
“The error was discovered, and the software was subsequently patched.”
Reference Table
| کلمه | معنی | کاربرد | علامتگذاری |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Subsequently
|
بعد از چیزی
|
کسبوکار، اخبار، تکنولوژی
|
بعدش کاما (در شروع)
|
|
Thereafter
|
از اون زمان به بعد
|
حقوقی، دانشگاهی، رسمی
|
بعدش کاما (در شروع)
|
|
Then
|
بعدی تو ترتیب
|
غیررسمی، صحبت کردن
|
معمولاً کاما نداره
|
|
Afterwards
|
در زمان بعدی
|
استفاده عمومی
|
اغلب کاما داره
|
|
Following this
|
بعد از این اتفاق
|
گزارشها، ایمیلها
|
بعدش کاما
|
|
Next
|
اتفاق بعدی
|
دستورالعملها
|
بعدش کاما
|
طیف رسمیت
The board met in the morning and subsequently issued a statement. (Corporate communication)
The board met this morning and then gave a statement. (Corporate communication)
The board had a meeting and later they said something. (Corporate communication)
The big bosses met up and then dropped a message. (Corporate communication)
The Flow of Time
Subsequently
- Next Step The next event in a series
- Formal 'Then' High-register connector
Thereafter
- From then on Continuous state
- Time Anchor Refers to a specific point
Subsequently vs. Thereafter
Choosing the Right Connector
Are you describing the next action in a list?
Are you describing a state that continues from a point in time?
Registers of Succession
Informal
- • Then
- • Next
- • After that
Formal
- • Subsequently
- • Thereafter
- • Following which
مثالها بر اساس سطح
He ate lunch and then he slept.
He ate lunch and subsequently he slept.
I saw him. After that, I went home.
I saw him. Subsequently, I went home.
She was happy after that day.
She was happy thereafter.
The rain stopped. Then the sun came out.
The rain stopped. Subsequently, the sun came out.
The meeting ended, and subsequently, we left.
The meeting ended, and afterwards, we left.
He moved to Paris and lived there thereafter.
He moved to Paris and lived there from then on.
The shop closed; subsequently, a new one opened.
The shop closed; later, a new one opened.
They finished the project and were subsequently promoted.
They finished the project and were later promoted.
The suspect was arrested and subsequently charged with theft.
The suspect was arrested and later charged with theft.
The law was changed in 2010; thereafter, taxes were lower.
The law was changed in 2010; after that, taxes were lower.
He lost his job and subsequently struggled to pay rent.
He lost his job and as a result/later struggled to pay rent.
The treaty was signed, and peace prevailed thereafter.
The treaty was signed, and peace lasted from that point on.
The initial findings were promising; subsequently, a larger study was commissioned.
The first results were good; later, a bigger study was started.
The CEO resigned, and the company's stock price subsequently plummeted.
The CEO left, and then the stock price fell quickly.
She graduated in June and was employed by the firm thereafter.
She finished school in June and worked for the company from then on.
The building was damaged by fire and subsequently demolished.
The building was burnt and later torn down.
The defendant was found guilty and subsequently sentenced to ten years in prison.
The person was convicted and later given a ten-year sentence.
The region gained independence in 1960; thereafter, it underwent rapid industrialization.
The area became free in 1960; from that point, it grew industrially.
The manuscript was rejected by several publishers but was subsequently hailed as a masterpiece.
The book was first turned down but later called a great work.
The policy was implemented in January, and all subsequent disputes were handled thereafter by the new committee.
The rule started in January, and later problems were solved by the new group.
The monarch’s health declined rapidly, and the prince was subsequently appointed regent.
The king got sick, and the prince was later made the temporary ruler.
The agreement shall remain in force for five years and shall be renewed annually thereafter.
The deal lasts five years and will be updated every year after that.
The theory was initially dismissed as radical, yet it was subsequently integrated into the core curriculum.
The idea was first seen as too much, but later it became part of standard teaching.
He renounced his citizenship in 1995 and lived as a stateless person thereafter.
He gave up his country in 1995 and had no country from then on.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners think they both mean 'as a result'.
Learners try to pluralize the adverb.
اشتباهات رایج
I eat lunch subsequently I go to work.
I eat lunch and then I go to work.
Subsequently the movie, we ate.
After the movie, we ate.
He was thereafter promoted.
He was subsequently promoted.
The company failed, subsequently, many people lost jobs.
The company failed; subsequently, many people lost jobs.
الگوهای جملهسازی
The ___ was completed, and ___ was subsequently ___.
He moved to ___ in ___ and lived there thereafter.
Real World Usage
The samples were heated and subsequently observed under a microscope.
The tenant shall maintain the garden thereafter.
The suspect fled the scene and was subsequently captured.
I completed my internship and was subsequently offered a full-time role.
He lost the election and retired from public life thereafter.
Please review the attached file; we will subsequently discuss it in the meeting.
ترفند سمیکولن (؛)
subsequently یه سمیکولن بذار (؛). این کار نوشتههات رو خیلی حرفهای نشون میده! The rain stopped; subsequently, we went for a walk.
کاما (ویرگول) فراموش نشه!
Subsequently شروع میکنی، حتماً باید بعدش یه کاما بذاری. بدون اون، جملهت انگار یه جوری میخوره زمین! Subsequently, the meeting began.
قدرت لینکدین!
subsequently رو تو بیو لینکدینت استفاده کنی، میتونی خیلی باتجربهتر و مهمتر به نظر برسی. امتحان کن! I managed the project. Subsequently, sales increased.
Smart Tips
Replace the second 'then' with 'subsequently' to improve the flow and variety of your writing.
Use 'thereafter' to define what happens after a specific milestone or date.
Use 'subsequently' for the next event and 'thereafter' for the long-term result.
If 'subsequently' starts the sentence, use a comma. If it's in the middle, you usually don't need one.
تلفظ
Stress on 'subsequently'
The primary stress is on the first syllable: SUB-se-quent-ly.
Stress on 'thereafter'
The primary stress is on the second syllable: there-AF-ter.
Falling intonation at sentence start
Subsequently, ↘ the results were verified.
Indicates a transition to a new point in a sequence.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
SUBsequently is like a SUBway train—one car follows the other in a line. ThereAFTER is like the AFTERmath—the time that stays after the event is gone.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a row of dominos falling. Each domino falling is 'subsequently'. Now imagine a clock that starts ticking at the moment the last domino falls and never stops. That continuous ticking is 'thereafter'.
Rhyme
When one thing follows in a sequence, Subsequently shows the consequence. When time flows on from a certain date, Thereafter describes the future state.
Story
A scientist discovered a new element. Subsequently, she published her findings in a major journal. The world of chemistry was changed forever; thereafter, she was known as the 'Mother of Modern Elements'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write three sentences about your last job or school project using 'subsequently' at least once and 'thereafter' at least once.
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'subsequently' is very common in BBC news reporting to maintain a neutral, authoritative tone.
In contracts, 'thereafter' is a 'term of art' used to avoid repeating dates and to ensure no gaps in time coverage.
Using these words is often a requirement for high-scoring essays in universities in the US, Canada, and Australia.
'Subsequently' comes from the Latin 'subsequent-' meaning 'following close after'. 'Thereafter' is an Old English compound of 'there' and 'after'.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Can you describe a major change in your life and what happened thereafter?
Tell me about a project you finished. What did you subsequently do to celebrate?
In your opinion, if a company fails, what subsequently happens to the local economy?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
The company launched the new phone. ____, they opened three new stores.
Subsequently بهترین انتخاب برای نوشتنهای رسمی درباره شروع یه پروژه کاریه و اینکه بعدش چه اتفاقی افتاده.Find and fix the mistake:
Subsequently the meeting ended and everyone left.
Subsequently اول جمله میاد، همیشه باید بعدش یه کاما (ویرگول) بذاری.Pick the best professional sentence:
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe company went public in 2005; its value ___ tripled.
He resigned from the board and was never seen in the office ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
Subsequently the storm, the power went out.
He finished his degree and then moved to London.
Match the following:
Select the correct sentence:
A: When was the error found? B: It was found during the audit and ___ fixed.
'Subsequently' can be used as a preposition followed by a noun.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesShe won the tournament. ____, she became world number one.
The rain stopped; subsequently the match began.
subsequently / the / agreement / signed / they / ,
Danach (formal) schloss er seinen Laptop.
The ____ events were surprising.
Match the pairs:
The treaty was signed in 1945. ____, the borders remained unchanged for decades.
He was fired and there after he moved to Japan.
Choose the best example:
Después de eso (formal), la empresa quebró.
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
It is rare. Usually, 'subsequently' is placed before the verb or at the start of a clause. 'Thereafter' is much more common at the end of a sentence.
No. 'Subsequently' means 'afterwards' (time). 'Consequently' means 'as a result' (cause).
Always use a comma after it: 'Subsequently, the project was cancelled.'
It depends on the culture. In a law firm or bank, it's fine. In a tech startup, it might sound a bit stiff.
Yes, 'subsequent to' is a formal prepositional phrase. 'Subsequent to the meeting, we had lunch.'
Not necessarily. In legal contracts, it can refer to the future: 'The fee shall be $100 in 2025 and $150 thereafter.'
The opposite is 'heretofore' or 'prior to that', though these are even more formal.
Because science requires a precise description of steps in an experiment, and 'subsequently' provides that without sounding repetitive.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Posteriormente / A partir de entonces
Spanish often uses 'luego' which is much more common than 'subsequently' is in English.
Par la suite / Ultérieurement
French speakers often over-rely on 'après' when they should use these more formal terms in English.
Anschließend / Danach
German word order (V2) means these adverbs often trigger a verb-subject inversion, which doesn't happen in English.
その後 (Sono go) / 以後 (Igo)
Japanese connectors often appear at the very start of a sentence with a specific particle like 'wa' or 'ni'.
بعد ذلك (Ba'da dhalika) / من ثم (Min thamma)
Arabic often uses 'wa' (and) to link sequences where English would use a more specific adverb.
随后 (Suìhòu) / 此后 (Cǐhòu)
Chinese does not require the same punctuation (semicolons) to link these clauses.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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