A2 noun خنثی 1 دقیقه مطالعه

咸菜

xiáncài /sʰjɛn t͡sʰaɪ̯/
Practice it

Xiancai refers to a wide variety of pickled vegetables commonly served as a condiment or side dish in Chinese cuisine.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

  • Pickled vegetables, common in Chinese cuisine.
  • Adds flavor and appetite to meals.
  • Wide variety, from simple to fermented.

Overview

咸菜，顾名思义，就是经过腌制（加盐或其他调料）处理的蔬菜。这个词涵盖了非常广泛的腌制蔬菜制品，从简单的盐渍黄瓜到复杂的发酵泡菜，都可以归入此类。在中国饮食文化中，咸菜扮演着重要的角色，它不仅能增加菜肴的风味，还能帮助开胃，促进食欲，尤其是在搭配米饭、粥或面条时。不同地区、不同家庭有自己独特的咸菜制作方法和口味偏好。

咸菜通常作为配菜（side dish）出现在餐桌上，用来搭配主食，如米饭、粥、馒头、面条等。人们也可能把它当作零食（snack）直接食用，或者在烹饪时作为调味料使用，为菜肴增添独特的风味。例如，炒菜时加入一些切碎的咸菜可以提升菜的鲜味和口感。在早餐时，一小碟咸菜配粥是非常普遍的组合。

咸菜最常见的出现场景是家庭日常用餐、餐馆的菜单（尤其是中餐馆）、街头小吃摊以及超市的食品区。在家庭聚餐或便餐中，主人常常会准备几种不同的咸菜供客人选择。很多中国家庭都有自制咸菜的传统。在超市里，你可以找到各种包装的成品咸菜，如榨菜、雪里蕻、萝卜干等。

与“咸菜”最接近的词是“泡菜”（pàocài）。虽然两者都指腌制蔬菜，但“泡菜”通常更侧重于发酵过程，口味可能更酸、更复杂，例如韩式泡菜（kimchi）。而“咸菜”是一个更宽泛的概念，可以包括非发酵的腌制蔬菜，如盐渍萝卜（luóbó gān）或酱黄瓜（jiàng huángguā）。另一个相关词是“腌菜”（yāncài），它和“咸菜”基本同义，都指腌制过的蔬菜，但“咸菜”可能更常用于口语，并且强调“咸”的味道。

مثال‌ها

1

这碗白粥配上一点榨菜，味道真不错。

everyday

This bowl of plain congee, paired with a bit of pickled mustard stem, tastes really good.

2

在正式宴席上，咸菜通常作为开胃小碟出现。

formal

At formal banquets, pickled vegetables are usually served as an appetizer.

3

中午随便吃了点面条，就着昨天剩下的咸菜。

informal

I just had some noodles for lunch, accompanied by the leftover pickled vegetables from yesterday.

4

研究表明，某些传统发酵咸菜中含有对肠道健康有益的益生菌。

academic

Research indicates that certain traditional fermented pickled vegetables contain probiotics beneficial for gut health.

ترکیب‌های رایج

腌咸菜 to pickle vegetables
吃咸菜 to eat pickled vegetables
咸菜配粥 pickled vegetables with congee
小咸菜 small pickled vegetables (often referring to side dishes)

عبارات رایج

一碟咸菜

a small plate of pickled vegetables

家常咸菜

homemade pickled vegetables

开胃咸菜

appetizing pickled vegetables

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

咸菜 vs 泡菜 (pàocài)

While both are pickled vegetables, 'pàocài' often implies fermentation and a more complex, sour, and sometimes spicy flavor profile, commonly associated with Korean kimchi. 'Xiāncài' is a broader term that can include non-fermented pickled vegetables.

咸菜 vs 酱菜 (jiàngcài)

'Jiàngcài' specifically refers to pickled vegetables preserved in soy sauce or other pastes, often resulting in a darker color and richer, savory flavor. 'Xiāncai' is a more general term encompassing various pickling methods.

الگوهای دستوری

Noun + 搭配 + Noun (e.g., 咸菜搭配粥) Verb + Noun (e.g., 吃咸菜) Adjective + Noun (e.g., 这种咸菜)

How to Use It

نکات کاربردی

Xiancai is a very common term in everyday Chinese. It is generally neutral in register but can lean towards informal when discussing home cooking or casual meals. Its primary function is as a condiment or side dish to enhance flavor.

اشتباهات رایج

Learners might confuse 'xiancai' with specific types of pickled vegetables like 'zhacai' or 'suancai'. It's also important to remember that while 'pao cai' is a type of pickled vegetable, 'xiancai' is a broader category that includes more than just fermented types.

Tips

💡

Enjoying Xiancai with Meals

Xiancai is best enjoyed in small portions to complement your main dishes, not as the main focus of the meal.

⚠️

Watch Sodium Intake

Many xiancai are high in salt, so consume them in moderation, especially if you are monitoring your sodium intake.

🌍

A Taste of Home

For many Chinese people, the taste of xiancai evokes a sense of nostalgia and connection to home cooking and traditions.

ریشه کلمه

The word 'xiāncài' (咸菜) is composed of 'xián' (咸), meaning 'salty', and 'cài' (菜), meaning 'vegetable' or 'dish'. The term directly reflects the primary method of preservation and the nature of the food.

بافت فرهنگی

Xiancai is deeply ingrained in Chinese food culture, representing resourceful preservation techniques and a way to add zest to simple meals. It's a staple that connects generations and reflects regional culinary diversity.

راهنمای حفظ

Think of 'xian' (咸) as 'salty' and 'cai' (菜) as 'vegetable'. Xiancai are salty vegetables, often served to make bland staples like rice or congee more palatable.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

咸菜是一个更宽泛的概念，泛指所有腌制蔬菜，口味多样。泡菜通常指经过发酵的腌制蔬菜，尤其在韩国料理中非常流行，口味偏酸辣。虽然有些咸菜也经过发酵，但不是所有咸菜都是泡菜。

咸菜可以作为佐餐小菜直接食用，搭配米饭、粥、面条等主食。也可以切碎后加入炒菜或汤中，增加风味。有些人也把它当作零食食用。

常见的咸菜种类很多，比如榨菜（zhàcài）、雪里蕻（xuělǐhóng）、萝卜干（luóbó gān）、酸菜（suāncài）、酱黄瓜（jiàng huángguā）等。不同地区有不同的特色咸菜。

可以。制作咸菜的方法有很多，有些比较简单，比如用盐腌制黄瓜或白菜。有些则需要更长的发酵时间。初学者可以从简单的食谱开始尝试。

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

早餐喝粥时，妈妈总会给我准备一碟小小的______。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 咸菜

根据语境，粥通常搭配咸菜作为小菜。

multiple choice

以下哪项不是咸菜的常见吃法？

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 作为甜点

咸菜味道偏咸或酸辣，通常不作为甜点食用。

sentence building

请用下列词语组成一个通顺的句子：咸菜 / 饭 / 拌 / 饭 / 喜欢 / 我 / 吃

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 我喜欢吃咸菜拌饭。

这个句子结构完整，意思清晰，符合中文表达习惯。

امتیاز: /3

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