این صفحه به زبان شما

English

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 adjective #1,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

普遍

pǔbiàn رتبه 1,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 普遍 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 普遍 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '普遍' (pǔbiàn) yet, but you might start to see it. Think of it as a way to say 'many people do this' or 'this is everywhere.' It is made of two parts: 'pǔ' (general) and 'biàn' (everywhere). For now, you can use simpler words like '很多' (hěnduō - many) or '到处都有' (dàochù dōu yǒu - there are [some] everywhere). When you see '普遍,' just remember it means something is very common in a big group of people or a large place. For example, if everyone in a class has a phone, you could say having a phone is '普遍.' It's a formal word, so you will see it more in books than in simple greetings. Just focus on recognizing the characters for now.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, you are starting to describe the world around you. '普遍' (pǔbiàn) is a useful word for talking about trends. It means 'widespread' or 'very common.' You can use it to describe things like 'Using a computer is very common' (用电脑很普遍). A key thing to remember is that '普遍' is an adjective. You can put '很' (hěn - very) or '非常' (fēicháng - extremely) in front of it. Don't confuse it with '普通' (pǔtōng), which means 'ordinary.' If you want to say a problem is found in many places, use '普遍.' If you want to say a person is just a normal person, use '普通.' Start trying to use '普遍' in simple sentences like '这种菜很普遍' (This kind of vegetable is very common).

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

As a B1 learner, '普遍' (pǔbiàn) is an essential part of your vocabulary for discussing social issues and general truths. It means 'widespread' or 'universal.' You should use it when you want to move beyond simple descriptions like '很多' (many) and provide a more professional observation. For example, instead of saying 'Many people like coffee,' you can say '喝咖啡的现象很普遍' (The phenomenon of drinking coffee is very widespread). Notice how '普遍' often pairs with the word '现象' (xiànxiàng - phenomenon). You can also use it to describe feelings or situations shared by many, like '普遍的压力' (widespread stress). Remember that '普遍' describes the distribution of something. It's not about how 'good' or 'bad' something is, but about how 'everywhere' it is. Practice using it with degree adverbs like '日益普遍' (becoming increasingly widespread).

At the B2 level, you should be able to use '普遍' (pǔbiàn) in more complex grammatical structures and formal contexts. It often functions as an adverbial or an attributive. For instance, you can say '受到普遍关注' (receive widespread attention) or '普遍认为' (it is generally believed). This word is crucial for writing essays or giving presentations about society, economics, or science. You should also be able to distinguish it from synonyms like '广泛' (guǎngfàn - broad/extensive). While '广泛' emphasizes the range, '普遍' emphasizes the universality within a set. For example, '广泛的兴趣' (broad interests) vs. '普遍的规律' (universal law). You should also be comfortable using the noun form '普遍性' (universality) when discussing abstract concepts, such as 'the universality of human rights.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

For C1 learners, '普遍' (pǔbiàn) is a tool for nuanced analysis. You should use it to discuss the '普遍意义' (universal significance) of a literary work or the '普遍联系' (universal connection) between different economic factors. At this level, you are expected to understand its philosophical implications, especially in the context of '普遍性' (universality) versus '特殊性' (particularity). You will encounter it in high-level academic texts, legal documents, and sophisticated editorials. You should also be aware of its use in fixed phrases like '普遍共识' (universal consensus) or '普遍适用' (universally applicable). Your usage should reflect an understanding that '普遍' implies a rule or a state that transcends individual exceptions. You might use it to critique a theory by saying it lacks '普遍性,' meaning it only works in specific cases.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, '普遍' (pǔbiàn) is used with absolute precision in professional and academic discourse. You will use it to describe '普遍真理' (universal truths) or in complex socio-political discussions regarding '普遍价值' (universal values). You should be able to navigate the subtle rhetorical differences between '普遍,' '普及,' and '统括.' In your writing, '普遍' can be used to establish a baseline of commonality before diving into specific deviations. You will also recognize it in classical-style modern prose where it might be paired with four-character idioms or formal structures. Your mastery should extend to understanding how '普遍' functions in different domains—from the '普遍受惠' (universal benefit) in social policy to the '普遍规律' in theoretical physics. At this level, '普遍' is not just a word for 'common,' but a precise term for defining the boundaries of a system's regularities.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

普遍 در ۳۰ ثانیه

普遍 (pǔbiàn) means widespread or universal, describing things found almost everywhere in a given context.
It is an adjective used for social trends, scientific laws, and common opinions.
Commonly paired with '现象' (phenomenon), '规律' (law), and '认可' (recognition).
Distinct from '普通' (ordinary); '普遍' is about distribution, '普通' is about quality.

The Chinese word 普遍 (pǔbiàn) is a fundamental adjective that describes the breadth and frequency of a phenomenon. At its core, it translates to 'widespread,' 'universal,' or 'common.' However, unlike the English word 'common' which can sometimes imply 'ordinary' or 'low quality,' 普遍 specifically focuses on the distribution of something across a population, area, or set of circumstances. When you use 普遍, you are making a statement about how frequently something occurs or how many people share a particular trait or opinion.

Scope of Application: It is used to describe social trends, scientific laws, psychological states, and physical phenomena that are not isolated incidents but are found almost everywhere within a specific context.

这种现象在现代社会中非常普遍 (Zhèzhǒng xiànxiàng zài xiàndài shèhuì zhōng fēicháng pǔbiàn).
This phenomenon is very widespread in modern society.

In a linguistic sense, 普遍 is composed of two characters: 普 (pǔ), meaning 'general' or 'universal' (as in 普通话 - Mandarin), and 遍 (biàn), meaning 'everywhere' or 'a time/round.' Together, they create the image of something that has spread to every corner or is applicable to all. You will hear this word in news reports discussing economic trends, in academic lectures describing scientific principles, and in daily life when talking about shared experiences like stress, technology use, or cultural habits.

Contextual Nuance: While 'common' can be translated as 常见 (chángjiàn), 普遍 is more formal and suggests a broader, more systemic presence. If a cold is 'common' in winter, you might use 常见; if a belief is 'universal' across a culture, 普遍 is the better choice.

加班在某些行业是普遍存在的 (Jiābān zài mǒu xiē hángyè shì pǔbiàn cúnzài de).
Working overtime exists universally in certain industries.

Furthermore, 普遍 is often used in philosophical or scientific contexts to describe 'universal truths' (普遍真理) or 'universal laws' (普遍规律). It implies that the subject is not bound by specific, narrow conditions but holds true across a wide spectrum. In daily conversation, it helps speakers generalize without sounding overly informal. For example, discussing the 'universal' use of smartphones or the 'widespread' concern for the environment among youth. It is a word that elevates the conversation from specific anecdotes to general observations about the world.

Using 普遍 correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that often functions as a predicate or an attributive. It is frequently modified by degree adverbs like 很 (hěn), 非常 (fēicháng), or 十分 (shífēn) to indicate the extent of its prevalence. One of the most common structures is 'Subject + (Adverb) + 普遍,' which simply states that the subject is widespread.

Structure 1: Predicative Use: [Topic/Situation] + 很/非常 + 普遍.
Example: 这种看法在年轻人中很普遍 (This view is very common among young people).

移动支付在中国已经非常普遍了 (Yídòng zhīfù zài Zhōngguó yǐjīng fēicháng pǔbiàn le).
Mobile payment is already very widespread in China.

Another frequent usage is the '普遍 + 存在' (universally exist) pattern. This is a more formal way to say that something is found everywhere. It is often used in academic or professional writing to describe trends or issues. For instance, '普遍存在的问题' (a universally existing problem). When used as an attributive, it takes the particle '的' (de) to modify a noun, as in '普遍的规律' (a universal law) or '普遍的现象' (a widespread phenomenon).

Structure 2: Attributive Use: 普遍的 + Noun.
Example: 这是一个普遍的问题 (This is a widespread problem).

他的建议得到了大家的普遍认可 (Tā de jiànyì dédàole dàjiā de pǔbiàn rènkě).
His suggestion received universal recognition from everyone.

It is also important to note the negative form: 不普遍 (bù pǔbiàn). If something is rare or only happens in specific cases, you would say it is '不普遍.' However, in Chinese, people often prefer to use antonyms like '个别' (gèbié - individual/isolated) or '罕见' (hǎnjiàn - rare) to express the opposite of 普遍. For example, '这只是个别现象' (This is just an isolated phenomenon) sounds more natural than '这不普遍.' Mastering 普遍 allows you to discuss statistics, trends, and generalities with the precision of a native speaker.

In the real world, 普遍 is a staple of news media and sociological discussions. If you turn on a Chinese news broadcast, you will likely hear it in the context of economic reports or social surveys. Journalists use it to describe the 'universal' rise in prices (物价普遍上涨) or the 'widespread' adoption of a new policy. It provides a sense of scale that words like '很多' (many) lack. It tells the listener that the topic at hand is a macro-level trend affecting the majority.

Media & News: Used to describe trends: '普遍关注' (widespread attention), '普遍提高' (general improvement), '普遍现象' (common phenomenon).

这个问题引起了社会的普遍关注 (Zhège wèntí yǐnqǐle shèhuì de pǔbiàn guānzhù).
This issue has drawn widespread attention from society.

In academic settings, from high school science classes to university lectures, 普遍 is used to define laws and principles. A teacher might explain that gravity is a '普遍规律' (universal law). In this context, it carries the weight of scientific certainty. It isn't just 'common'; it is an inescapable truth of the system. Students are taught to look for '普遍性' (universality) in their research, contrasting it with '特殊性' (particularity/specificity).

Daily Life: In casual talk, it’s used to validate feelings: '现在大家的压力都很普遍' (Everyone's stress is very common nowadays).

这种感冒病毒在冬季非常普遍 (Zhèzhǒng gǎnmào bìngdú zài dōngjì fēicháng pǔbiàn).
This flu virus is very widespread in winter.

Finally, you'll encounter 普遍 in literature and essays when authors discuss human nature. Phrases like '普遍的人性' (universal human nature) suggest traits that transcend culture and time. Whether you are reading a serious editorial in the People's Daily or chatting with a friend about the latest fashion trends, 普遍 is the go-to word for expressing that something is not just a one-off event, but a significant, shared reality.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 普遍 is confusing it with 普通 (pǔtōng). While they share the first character 普 (pǔ), their meanings and usages are quite distinct. 普遍 refers to the extent or frequency of something (widespread/universal), whereas 普通 refers to the quality or status of something (ordinary/average/commonplace).

普遍 vs. 普通: Use 普遍 for distribution: 'This problem is widespread.'
Use 普通 for quality: 'He is just an ordinary person.'

❌ 他是一个很普遍的人 (He is a very widespread person - Incorrect).
✅ 他是一个很普通的人 (He is a very ordinary person - Correct).

Another mistake is using 普遍 to describe a single person's habit. 普遍 is a collective or systemic descriptor. You cannot say '我普遍六点起床' (I universally wake up at six). Instead, you should use '通常' (tōngcháng - usually) or '一般' (yībān - generally). 普遍 requires a group, a region, or a broad context to make sense. It describes the 'many,' not the 'one.'

Learners also sometimes struggle with the placement of 普遍 when it acts as an adverb. While it can modify verbs, it typically modifies verbs that imply a state of being or a collective reaction, such as '存在' (exist), '认为' (believe/think), or '受到' (receive). Using it to modify an action verb like '跑' (run) or '吃' (eat) is usually incorrect. For example, you wouldn't say '大家普遍吃米饭' to mean 'Everyone generally eats rice'; you would say '吃米饭是非常普遍的现象' (Eating rice is a very widespread phenomenon).

Collocation Errors: Avoid: 普遍地学习 (Universally study).
Better: 这种学习方法很普遍 (This study method is very widespread).

❌ 这里的学生普遍努力 (Students here universally work hard - slightly awkward).
✅ 这里的学生普遍比较努力 (It is widespread that students here are relatively hard-working - more natural with a degree modifier).

Finally, remember that 普遍 is an adjective, but it doesn't always need '的' when used as a predicate. Saying '这种现象很普遍' is perfect. Adding '的' at the end ('这种现象是很普遍的') adds emphasis, similar to saying 'This phenomenon *is* a widespread one.' Overusing the '的' can make your speech sound repetitive, so practice both forms to sound more natural.

To truly master 普遍, you must understand how it relates to its synonyms. The most common alternatives are 广泛 (guǎngfàn), 普及 (pǔjí), and 常见 (chángjiàn). Each has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different contexts.

普遍 vs. 广泛: 普遍 emphasizes that something is found everywhere or is a general rule. 广泛 emphasizes the breadth or range. For example, '广泛的兴趣' (broad interests) vs. '普遍的规律' (universal law).

他的作品受到了广泛的关注 (His work received broad attention).
这种现象在农村非常普遍 (This phenomenon is very widespread in villages).

Then there is 普及 (pǔjí). While 普遍 is an adjective (widespread), 普及 is often used as a verb meaning 'to popularize' or 'to make universal.' For example, '普及电脑知识' (to popularize computer knowledge). As an adjective, 普及 describes something that has already been made available to everyone, like '普及教育' (universal education). 普遍 describes the state of being widespread, while 普及 often implies the process of reaching that state.

普遍 vs. 常见: 常见 (chángjiàn) literally means 'often seen.' It is less formal than 普遍. You use 常见 for things you encounter in daily life, like '常见病' (common illnesses). You use 普遍 for broader social or scientific concepts.

Lastly, consider 通用 (tōngyòng). This means 'in common use' or 'interchangeable.' It is used for languages, currencies, or standards. For example, '英语是全球通用的语言' (English is a globally used language). While 普遍 means many people use it, 通用 means it is the standard that can be used everywhere. Understanding these subtle differences will help you choose the exact word to express your meaning, moving you from B1 to a more advanced level of Chinese proficiency.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 普 is also the 'Pu' in 'Mandarin' (普通话), which literally means 'the common/universal speech.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /pǔ.biɛ̂n/

US /pǔ.biɛ̂n/

The emphasis is slightly stronger on the second syllable 'biàn' due to the fourth tone.

هم‌قافیه با

见 (jiàn) 面 (miàn) 线 (xiàn) 变 (biàn) 片 (piàn) 练 (liàn) 电 (diàn) 便 (biàn)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'pǔ' as 'pù' (fourth tone).
Confusing 'biàn' with 'piàn' (slice).
Failing to aspirate the 'p' sound.
Merging the two syllables into one sound.
Pronouncing 'u' as a French 'u' instead of 'oo'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are relatively common but require B1 level recognition.

نوشتن 4/5

The character '遍' has many strokes and can be tricky to write correctly.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Tones are distinct (3rd and 4th), making it easy to distinguish if pronounced clearly.

گوش دادن 3/5

Might be confused with '普通' if the listener is not paying attention to the second syllable.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

很多地方一样普通常见

بعداً یاد بگیرید

广泛普及规律特殊现象

پیشرفته

普遍性特殊性共性个性宏观

گرامر لازم

Adjectives as Predicates

这种现象[很普遍]。

Adjectives as Attributives with '的'

[普遍的]规律。

Adverbs of Degree

[非常]普遍。

Negative form with '不'

[不]普遍。

Adverbial use of adjectives

[普遍]认为。

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这种水果很普遍。

This kind of fruit is very common.

Subject + 很 + 普遍

用手机很普遍。

Using mobile phones is very common.

Verb phrase as subject

在学校，穿校服很普遍。

In school, wearing uniforms is very common.

Location + Activity + 普遍

喝茶在中国很普遍。

Drinking tea is very common in China.

Common activity + 普遍

这个名字很普遍。

This name is very common.

Noun + 普遍

这种天气很普遍。

This kind of weather is very common.

Weather description

大家普遍喜欢红色。

Everyone generally likes red.

普遍 as an adverb (generalization)

这种书在书店很普遍。

This kind of book is very common in bookstores.

Prepositional phrase + 普遍

加班在公司里很普遍。

Working overtime is very common in the company.

Activity + Location + 普遍

这是一个普遍的问题。

This is a widespread problem.

普遍的 + Noun

这种现象现在非常普遍。

This phenomenon is very common now.

Time word + 普遍

网购在年轻人中很普遍。

Online shopping is very common among young people.

Target group (在...中) + 普遍

这种感冒在冬天很普遍。

This kind of cold is very common in winter.

Specific season + 普遍

这种植物在南方很普遍。

This plant is very common in the south.

Regional distribution

大家普遍认为他很努力。

It is generally believed that he is very hardworking.

普遍 + 认为 (general belief)

这种错误很普遍，别担心。

This mistake is very common, don't worry.

Reassurance using 普遍

这种社会现象引起了普遍的讨论。

This social phenomenon has sparked widespread discussion.

普遍的 + Abstract Noun

虽然这种病不致命，但很普遍。

Although this disease is not fatal, it is very widespread.

Concessive clause (虽然...但...)

环保意识在学生中已经普遍提高。

Environmental awareness has generally improved among students.

Subject + 普遍 + Verb (improvement)

他的建议得到了大家的普遍认可。

His suggestion received universal recognition from everyone.

普遍 + 认可 (collocation)

这种生活方式在城市里越来越普遍。

This lifestyle is becoming increasingly common in cities.

越来越 + 普遍 (increasing trend)

我们面临着一个普遍存在的困难。

We are facing a universally existing difficulty.

普遍存在 (fixed phrase)

这种观点在当时并不普遍。

This viewpoint was not common at that time.

Negative form in past context

工资普遍上涨是一个好消息。

The general rise in wages is good news.

Noun phrase (普遍上涨) as subject

这一规律在自然界中具有普遍意义。

This law has universal significance in nature.

具有 + 普遍意义

调查显示，这种焦虑感在职场中普遍存在。

Surveys show that this sense of anxiety is widespread in the workplace.

Reporting clause + 普遍存在

政府采取了普遍受惠的社会政策。

The government adopted social policies that benefit everyone universally.

普遍受惠 (formal term)

这些问题在发展中国家比较普遍。

These problems are relatively common in developing countries.

Comparative (比较) + 普遍

科学实验需要寻找普遍规律。

Scientific experiments need to look for universal laws.

普遍规律 (scientific context)

他的理论在学术界引起了普遍关注。

His theory has drawn widespread attention in academia.

引起 + 普遍关注

这种心理状态在青少年中非常普遍。

This psychological state is very common among teenagers.

Psychological description

我们应该关注那些普遍被忽视的细节。

We should pay attention to those details that are universally ignored.

普遍 + 被 + Verb (passive)

马克思主义揭示了社会发展的普遍规律。

Marxism revealed the universal laws of social development.

Theoretical/Philosophical context

真理的普遍性并不排除个别情况的特殊性。

The universality of truth does not exclude the particularity of individual cases.

普遍性 (Noun) vs 特殊性

这种价值观在不同的文化背景下具有普遍性。

This value system has universality across different cultural backgrounds.

具有 + 普遍性

教育的普及是社会进步的重要标志。

The universalization of education is an important sign of social progress.

普及 as a noun (universalization)

我们需要建立一个普遍适用的评价体系。

We need to establish a universally applicable evaluation system.

普遍适用 (formal adjective)

这种文学主题反映了人类普遍的情感。

This literary theme reflects universal human emotions.

普遍的情感 (literary analysis)

法律面前人人平等是一项普遍原则。

Equality before the law is a universal principle.

普遍原则 (legal context)

这种技术在工业生产中得到了普遍应用。

This technology has been universally applied in industrial production.

得到 + 普遍应用

探讨人类文明的普遍价值是哲学永恒的主题。

Exploring the universal values of human civilization is an eternal theme of philosophy.

普遍价值 (abstract philosophical concept)

在全球化背景下，经济波动的普遍性日益显著。

In the context of globalization, the universality of economic fluctuations is increasingly prominent.

Formal academic tone

该政策的实施旨在实现基本公共服务的普遍覆盖。

The implementation of this policy aims to achieve universal coverage of basic public services.

普遍覆盖 (policy terminology)

我们要辩证地看待普遍性与特殊性的关系。

We must view the relationship between universality and particularity dialectically.

Dialectical logic

这种艺术形式跨越了国界，具有普遍的感染力。

This art form transcends borders and has universal appeal.

普遍的感染力 (artistic critique)

气候变化是全人类面临的普遍挑战。

Climate change is a universal challenge facing all of humanity.

普遍挑战 (global context)

这种思维方式在古代思想家中并不普遍。

This way of thinking was not common among ancient thinkers.

Historical analysis

我们要坚持普遍真理与具体实践相结合。

We must adhere to the combination of universal truth and concrete practice.

Political/Ideological slogan

مترادف‌ها

广泛通用一般大众流行

متضادها

特殊罕见个别

ترکیب‌های رایج

普遍现象

普遍规律

普遍认可

普遍存在

普遍提高

普遍关注

普遍意义

普遍适用

普遍真理

普遍联系

عبارات رایج

普遍性

— The quality of being universal. Used in academic and philosophical discussions.

我们要研究事物的普遍性。

普遍受惠

— Universally benefiting. Used in policy and social welfare contexts.

这项政策让大家普遍受惠。

普遍调查

— A general survey. A survey that covers a whole population.

政府进行了一次普遍调查。

普遍原则

— A universal principle. A rule that applies to everyone.

这是国际法的普遍原则。

普遍联系

— Universal connection. A philosophical concept that everything is linked.

辩证法强调普遍联系。

普遍欢迎

— Widespread welcome. When something is liked by almost everyone.

新产品受到了普遍欢迎。

普遍上涨

— General rise. Usually used for prices or salaries.

今年物价普遍上涨。

普遍下降

— General decline. Used for temperatures, prices, or rates.

气温普遍下降了五度。

普遍反映

— General feedback. What most people are saying about something.

据大家普遍反映，这个菜太咸了。

普遍共识

— Universal consensus. An agreement reached by a large majority.

保护环境是全球的普遍共识。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

普遍 vs 普通

Means 'ordinary' or 'average.' Describes quality, not distribution.

普遍 vs 普及

Often a verb meaning 'to popularize.' Describes the process of spreading.

普遍 vs 广泛

Means 'broad' or 'extensive.' Focuses on range rather than universality.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"司空见惯"

— A common sight; something so frequent it's no longer strange.

这种事在当地已是司空见惯。

Literary

"屡见不鲜"

— Nothing new; seen so often it's not fresh.

这种作弊行为屡见不鲜。

Formal

"众所周知"

— As everyone knows; universally known.

众所周知，地球是圆的。

Formal

"家喻户晓"

— Known to every household; very famous.

这个故事在中国家喻户晓。

Neutral

"习以为常"

— To be used to something; it has become a habit/common.

他已经对加班习以为常了。

Neutral

"大同小异"

— Largely identical but with minor differences.

这些方案大同小异。

Neutral

"比比皆是"

— Can be found everywhere; very abundant.

这种人才在公司里比比皆是。

Literary

"遍地开花"

— Blossoming everywhere; widespread success of a movement.

新技术在全国遍地开花。

Figurative

"层出不穷"

— Emerging one after another; very frequent.

新产品层出不穷。

Formal

"广为人知"

— Widely known by people.

他的事迹广为人知。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

普遍 vs 普通

Both start with 'pǔ'.

普通 is about being 'average' or 'not special.' 普遍 is about being 'found everywhere.'

普通人 (ordinary person) vs 普遍现象 (widespread phenomenon).

普遍 vs 常见

Both mean 'common'.

常见 is informal and means 'often seen.' 普遍 is formal and means 'universally present.'

常见病 (common cold) vs 普遍规律 (universal law).

普遍 vs 广泛

Both describe a large scope.

广泛 emphasizes a 'wide range' (breadth). 普遍 emphasizes 'universal presence' (depth/frequency).

广泛的兴趣 (broad interests) vs 普遍的认可 (universal recognition).

普遍 vs 普及

Both relate to spreading.

普及 is usually the act of making something common. 普遍 is the state of being common.

普及电脑 (popularize computers) vs 电脑很普遍 (computers are widespread).

普遍 vs 通俗

Both relate to 'the people'.

通俗 means 'popular' in the sense of being easy to understand or for the common people.

通俗小说 (popular novel) vs 普遍观点 (widespread view).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Subject + 很普遍。

这种书很普遍。

在 [Group] 中很普遍。

在学生中很普遍。

这是一个普遍的 [Noun]。

这是一个普遍的问题。

普遍认为 [Clause]。

普遍认为他是个好人。

普遍存在于 [Scope]。

普遍存在于自然界。

受到普遍 [Noun/Verb]。

受到普遍欢迎。

具有普遍意义。

这个发现具有普遍意义。

普遍性与特殊性的统一。

我们要实现普遍性与特殊性的统一。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

普遍性 (pǔbiànxìng) - universality

فعل‌ها

普及 (pǔjí) - to popularize

صفت‌ها

普遍 (pǔbiàn) - widespread

مرتبط

普通

遍及

普及本

普查

普适

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very High in news, academic writing, and social commentary.

اشتباهات رایج

他是一个很普遍的人。 → 他是一个很普通的人。
You are describing his quality/status, so use 普通.
我普遍六点起床。 → 我通常六点起床。
普遍 describes a group or system, not an individual's habit.
这种现象广泛存在。 → 这种现象普遍存在。
While '广泛' is okay, '普遍' is more accurate for something that is a general rule.
普及的规律。 → 普遍的规律。
普及 is usually a verb; 普遍 is the adjective for 'universal.'
这个问题很普通。 → 这个问题很普遍。
If you mean many people have this problem, use 普遍.

نکات

Pair with 现象

The most common way to use 普遍 is with the word 现象 (xiànxiàng). '这是一个普遍现象' is a very natural sentence.

Adverbial Use

Remember that 普遍 can modify verbs like '认为' (believe) or '存在' (exist) without needing '地'.

Don't confuse with 普通

Always double-check: are you talking about 'how many' (普遍) or 'how good/special' (普通)?

Use in Essays

普遍 is a great word for B1/B2 level writing to show you can discuss social trends.

Natural Sounding

Add '挺' and '的' for a casual feel: '挺普遍的' (It's quite common).

Look for 普遍性

In academic texts, look for 普遍性 to find the main general conclusion of a study.

Tone Check

The 4th tone on 'biàn' is sharp. If it sounds flat, it might be a different word.

Formal Alternatives

Use '普遍提高' or '普遍关注' to elevate your business Chinese.

Universal P

Think of the 'P' in 普遍 as 'Public' or 'Pervasive'.

Philosophy

Understand that 普遍 is a key term in Chinese philosophy and political theory.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'PU' as 'Public' and 'BIAN' as 'Been everywhere.' If something is Public and has Been everywhere, it is 普遍 (widespread).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a map of a country where every single city has a small red dot. That red dot is 普遍.

شبکه واژگان

普遍现象普遍规律普遍认可普遍存在普遍性普及广泛普通

چالش

Try to find three things in your current room that are '普遍' in most houses (e.g., a chair, a light, a window) and say them in Chinese.

ریشه کلمه

The word is a compound of two characters: 普 (pǔ) and 遍 (biàn). 普 originally referred to the sun shining on everything, implying 'universal' or 'all-reaching.' 遍 means 'everywhere' or 'a full cycle.'

معنای اصلی: To spread everywhere or to be applicable to all cases.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

بافت فرهنگی

When discussing '普遍' traits of a group of people, be careful not to sound like you are stereotyping. Use '比较普遍' (relatively common) to be more polite.

English speakers often use 'common' for both 'ordinary' and 'widespread.' In Chinese, you must separate these into '普通' and '普遍.'

Marxist philosophy (普遍规律) Human Rights discourse (普遍价值) Scientific Method (普遍性)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Social Trends

普遍现象
普遍关注
普遍认可
日益普遍

Science/Logic

普遍规律
普遍真理
普遍联系
普遍性

Economics

普遍上涨
普遍下降
普遍受惠
普遍调查

Daily Life

很普遍
非常普遍
并不普遍
挺普遍的

Workplace

普遍存在的问题
普遍认为
普遍认可
普遍提高

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得这种现象在你的国家普遍吗？ (Do you think this phenomenon is common in your country?)"

"在你们公司，加班是很普遍的事情吗？ (Is working overtime a common thing in your company?)"

"你认为这种观点在年轻人中普遍吗？ (Do you think this viewpoint is widespread among young people?)"

"这种感冒在你们那儿普遍吗？ (Is this kind of cold common in your area?)"

"为什么这种生活方式变得越来越普遍了？ (Why has this lifestyle become increasingly common?)"

موضوعات نگارش

描述一个你认为在现代社会非常普遍的现象，并解释原因。 (Describe a phenomenon you think is very widespread in modern society and explain why.)

讨论一下‘普通’和‘普遍’的区别，并举例说明。 (Discuss the difference between 'ordinary' and 'widespread' and give examples.)

你生活中有什么事情是以前不普遍，但现在很普遍的？ (What is something in your life that wasn't common before but is very common now?)

写一写你对‘普遍规律’的理解。 (Write about your understanding of 'universal laws.')

如果一种好的习惯变得很普遍，社会会发生什么变化？ (If a good habit becomes widespread, what changes will happen in society?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you cannot say a person is '普遍.' If you mean they are an ordinary person, use '普通.' 普遍 describes situations, phenomena, or traits shared by many.

常见 is more casual and literally means 'often seen.' 普遍 is more formal and implies that something is a general rule or exists everywhere in a certain scope.

No, 普遍 is an adjective. However, it can function as an adverb (e.g., 普遍认为). If you need a verb, use 普及 (to popularize).

You add the suffix '性' (xìng) to get '普遍性' (pǔbiànxìng).

While grammatically possible, it is rare. Usually, 普遍 is used directly as an adverb without '地' in formal phrases like '普遍认为' or '普遍受到欢迎.'

It is neutral. It can describe a widespread problem (negative) or a widespread improvement (positive).

No. For 'usually,' use '通常' or '一般.' 普遍 describes a state of distribution, not a frequency of time for an individual.

The most direct antonyms are 特殊 (special) or 个别 (individual/isolated).

Only if you mean 'people in general' in a very philosophical context, but it's much better to say '一般人' or '普通人' depending on what you mean.

Yes, it is a standard term used across all Chinese dialects in formal writing and speech.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید