B1 · Intermédiaire Chapitre 1

Chapter 1

18 Règles totales
1 min
Règles dans ce chapitre Pratique rapide

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of Bulgarian storytelling and complex descriptions with advanced aspectual and narrative tools.

  • Distinguish between background actions and main events using verbal aspect.
  • Report stories told by others using the unique Bulgarian renarrative mood.
  • Construct sophisticated complex sentences using relative clauses and participles.
Speak like a storyteller: The final bridge to B1 mastery.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to use 'каквото' to compare qualities of objects.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to recount a story heard from a third party using the renarrative past aorist.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to use adverbial participles to describe simultaneous actions.

Conseils et astuces (4)

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Gender Check

Always look at the noun before 'какъвто'. If it's 'кола' (fem), you need 'каквато'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Какъвто' (Such as)
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The 'Who/What' Test

If the noun is doing the action, use -ащ. If the action is done to the noun, use -н.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adjectival Use of Participles
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Learn pairs

Always learn the Imperfective and Perfective forms of a verb together.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Aspect for Background vs. Main Event
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The 'Да' Rule

Whenever you see 'да' (to), 90% of the time you should use the perfective aspect for motion.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Aspect with Verbs of Motion

Vocabulaire clé (6)

събитие event разказвам to tell/narrate движение movement съмнение doubt описание description продължителност duration

Real-World Preview

coffee

Gossip at the Café

Review Summary

  • [Subject] + [L-Participle] (No 'e/ca' in 3rd person)
  • Verb Stem + -ейки / -айки
  • Noun + [Preposition] + който/която/което/които

Erreurs courantes

In the renarrative mood, the 3rd person singular/plural auxiliary (e/ca) must be dropped. Including it makes it Present Perfect.

Wrong: Той е бил там. (meaning 'He was apparently there')
Correct: Той бил там.

Using a perfective verb (дойде) with 'докато' for background duration is incorrect. Use imperfective (идваше).

Wrong: Докато той дойде, аз четях.
Correct: Докато той идваше, аз четях.

Bulgarian prefers placing the preposition before the relative pronoun (с когото) rather than at the end of the clause.

Wrong: Човекът, който говорих с него.
Correct: Човекът, с когото говорих.

Next Steps

You've done it! You've climbed the mountain of Bulgarian B1 grammar. Your ability to express complex thoughts and stories is now truly impressive. Напред и нагоре! (Onward and upward!)

Write a 200-word folk tale using the renarrative mood.

Watch a Bulgarian news report and summarize what 'they said' happened.

Continue to: The Renarrative Mood: All Tenses

Pratique rapide (10)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct for hearsay?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той купил кола.
Standard 3rd person Renarrative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Renarrative Past Aorist Tense

Fill in the correct form of 'който'.

Селото, _______ посетихме, е много малко.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: което
'Село' is neuter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introducing Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Choose the correct participle for: 'The (reading) girl is my sister.'

___ момиче е сестра ми.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Четящо
'Момиче' is neuter singular, so we use the -о ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adjectival Use of Participles

Fill in the correct form of 'отида' (to go).

Чух, че той ___ на кино.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: отишъл
Renarrative Aorist for 3rd person singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Renarrative Past Aorist Tense

Correct the subject mismatch error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Вървейки към училище, чантата ми се скъса.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct
Both options fix the mismatch by either changing the structure or the subject.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles (Деепричастия)

Find the mistake: 'Той бил в София преди.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Correct the sentence: Той бил в София преди.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той е бил в София преди.
The 3rd person singular requires the auxiliary 'е'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participles in Present Perfect

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'не бил' and the verb 'разбера'.

Мария каза, че тя ___ (не/разбера) въпроса.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: не била разбрала
Since Maria is feminine, we use 'не била' + 'разбрала'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Negating Renarrative Forms

Fill in the correct form of 'счупя' (to break) as a passive participle.

Виждам ___ (broken) прозорец.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: счупен
'Прозорец' is masculine singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adjectival Use of Participles

Fill in the correct form of 'съм' and the L-participle of 'пътувам' (to travel).

Аз (female) ___ ___ много по света.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: съм пътувала
The subject is 'Аз' (1st person) and the speaker is female, so we need 'съм' + feminine ending '-ла'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participles in Present Perfect

Fill in the blank with the negative form of 'знам'.

___ какво да прави, той се обади на майка си.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Не знаейки
The negative adverbial participle is formed with 'не' + participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles (Деепричастия)

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

It changes to agree with the noun it describes in gender and number.
No, you must match the noun. Use 'каквато' for feminine nouns.
Most verbs can form participles, but stative verbs like съм (to be) or имам (to have) rarely use the -ащ form in modern Bulgarian.
It depends on the verb group. Group 1 and 2 verbs usually take -ещ or -ящ, while Group 3 verbs (ending in -а/-я) take -ащ.
To distinguish between process and result.
No, it's grammatically incorrect.
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Impersonal Verbs & Expressions for States
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The Renarrative Mood: All Tenses
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