جمعه
جمعه en 30 secondes
- Jom'eh means Friday in Persian.
- It is the main holiday in Iran.
- The word comes from the Arabic for 'gathering'.
- It is a day for family, rest, and prayer.
The word جمعه (Jom'eh) is perhaps the most significant day in the Iranian calendar. Unlike the Western weekend which spans Saturday and Sunday, the Iranian weekend primarily centers on Friday. It is a day of deep cultural, religious, and social importance.
- Linguistic Root
- The word comes from the Arabic root meaning 'to gather' or 'to collect'. This refers to the gathering of the community for the noon prayer.
امروز جمعه است و همه جا تعطیل است.
In Iran, the work week begins on Saturday. Therefore, Friday is the day when schools, government offices, and most businesses are closed. It is the day for 'Sizdah Bedar' style picnics, visiting grandparents, and sleeping in. For many, the 'feeling' of Friday is a mix of relaxation and a slight melancholy as the work week looms ahead.
- Social Context
- Friday mornings are often associated with 'Haleem' or 'Kalleh Pacheh' breakfasts and family trips to the mountains or parks.
ما هر جمعه به کوه میرویم.
The concept of 'Ghorub-e Jom'eh' (Friday Sunset) is a common theme in Persian pop culture and poetry, often symbolizing a deep, inexplicable sadness or nostalgia as the holiday ends.
غروب جمعه دلگیر است.
Using the word جمعه is straightforward as it functions like any other day of the week. However, there are specific grammatical nuances to keep in mind regarding prepositions and pluralization.
- Prepositions
- To say 'on Friday', you usually say 'Ruz-e Jom'eh' (روز جمعه) or simply 'Jom'eh'. Unlike English, you don't always need a preposition like 'on'.
من جمعه وقت دارم.
When talking about recurring Fridays, you can use the plural form 'Jom'eh-ha'. This is common when describing habits or routines.
جمعهها کتاب میخوانم.
- Common Collocations
- 'Jom'eh-ye akhar-e mah' (Last Friday of the month), 'Sobh-e Jom'eh' (Friday morning), 'Shab-e Jom'eh' (Thursday night - culturally significant).
صبح جمعه ورزش میکنیم.
In formal writing, you might see 'Ruz-e Jom'eh' more frequently than just 'Jom'eh'. In spoken Persian, 'Jom'eh' is often sufficient to convey the meaning of 'this Friday' or 'on Friday'.
You will encounter جمعه in almost every aspect of daily life in Iran, from media broadcasts to casual conversations about plans.
- In Media
- News programs often mention 'Namaz-e Jom'eh' (Friday Prayer) as it is a major political and religious event where sermons are delivered.
اخبار جمعه را شنیدی؟
Radio and TV schedules change significantly on Fridays, with more entertainment, movies, and religious programming. You'll hear 'Jom'eh-ye Shad' (Happy Friday) as a title for various variety shows.
- In Songs
- Famous singers like Farhad Mehrad have iconic songs titled 'Jom'eh', which discuss the heavy atmosphere of the day.
توی قاب خیس این پنجرهها، عکسی از جمعه غمگین میبینم.
Finally, in travel and tourism, Friday is the day when traffic 'out' of cities (towards the north or the mountains) is heaviest in the morning, and traffic 'into' cities is heaviest in the evening.
Learners often make mistakes regarding the weekend structure and the specific cultural usage of جمعه.
- Mistake 1: The Weekend
- Assuming Saturday or Sunday is a holiday. In Iran, Saturday is the first day of the work week. Don't say 'See you on the weekend' and expect it to mean Sunday.
غلط: یکشنبه تعطیل است. درست: جمعه تعطیل است.
Another common error is using the preposition 'dar' (in) for days of the week. While grammatically possible in some contexts, it sounds unnatural. It's better to use the day directly or with 'ruz-e'.
- Mistake 2: Spelling
- Confusing 'Jom'eh' (جمعه) with 'Jam' (جمع) which means 'sum' or 'plural'. They share the same root but are used differently.
ما جمعه جمع میشویم. (We gather on Friday.)
While جمعه is the standard term, there are synonyms and related terms that provide more color to your Persian.
- آدینه (Adineh)
- A more formal and poetic synonym for Friday. It is purely Persian in origin, whereas Jom'eh is Arabic. You will see this in literature and high-end journalism.
روز آدینه مبارک باد.
Another related term is 'Akhar-e Hafteh' (آخر هفته), which means 'weekend'. In Iran, this usually refers to Thursday afternoon and Friday.
- تعطیل (Ta'til)
- Means 'holiday' or 'closed'. Since Friday is always a holiday, these two words are often linked in sentences.
جمعه روز تعطیل است.
How Formal Is It?
Niveau de difficulté
Grammaire à connaître
Days of the week don't need 'on'.
Pluralizing days for habits.
Ezafe with days.
Using 'Ruz-e' vs just the day.
Prepositions of time.
Exemples par niveau
امروز جمعه است.
Today is Friday.
Simple subject-predicate sentence.
جمعه تعطیل است.
Friday is a holiday.
Noun + Adjective.
من جمعه میآیم.
I am coming on Friday.
Future intent using present continuous form.
جمعه کجا میروی؟
Where are you going on Friday?
Interrogative sentence.
ما جمعه ناهار میخوریم.
We eat lunch on Friday.
Subject + Time + Object + Verb.
جمعه روز خوبی است.
Friday is a good day.
Descriptive sentence.
کتابخانه جمعه بسته است.
The library is closed on Friday.
Stating a fact.
فردا جمعه است.
Tomorrow is Friday.
Time adverb + Noun.
من جمعهها به پارک میروم.
I go to the park on Fridays.
Plural 'ha' indicates habit.
او روز جمعه کار نمیکند.
He doesn't work on Friday.
Negative verb form.
آیا جمعه وقت داری؟
Do you have time on Friday?
Question with 'aya'.
جمعه گذشته کجا بودی؟
Where were you last Friday?
Past tense of 'to be'.
ما برای جمعه برنامه داریم.
We have plans for Friday.
Preposition 'baraye'.
جمعه صبح زود بیدار شدم.
I woke up early Friday morning.
Past simple.
بازار در روز جمعه شلوغ است.
The market is crowded on Friday.
Adjective 'sholugh'.
من جمعه را دوست دارم.
I like Friday.
Direct object with 'ra'.
عصر جمعه معمولاً کمی دلگیر است.
Friday afternoon is usually a bit depressing.
Use of 'ma'mulan' (usually).
اگر جمعه باران ببارد، در خانه میمانیم.
If it rains on Friday, we will stay home.
Conditional Type 1.
او تمام جمعه را صرف مطالعه کرد.
He spent the whole of Friday studying.
Verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend/consume).
جمعه بهترین زمان برای استراحت است.
Friday is the best time for resting.
Superlative 'behtarin'.
آیا میخواهی جمعه با ما به کوه بیایی؟
Do you want to come to the mountains with us on Friday?
Subjunctive mood 'biayi'.
در ایران، جمعه روز تعطیل رسمی است.
In Iran, Friday is an official holiday.
Formal adjective 'rasmi'.
او همیشه جمعهها به دیدن والدینش میرود.
He always goes to see his parents on Fridays.
Adverb 'hamisheh'.
برنامهی تلویزیون در روز جمعه متفاوت است.
The TV schedule is different on Friday.
Ezafe construction.
بسیاری از مردم از ترافیک سنگین عصر جمعه شکایت دارند.
Many people complain about the heavy Friday evening traffic.
Present simple with 'shekayat dashtan'.
نماز جمعه در شهرهای بزرگ با شکوه برگزار میشود.
Friday prayer is held magnificently in large cities.
Passive-like construction 'bargozar shodan'.
او قصد دارد کل روز جمعه را به نظافت خانه اختصاص دهد.
He intends to devote the whole of Friday to cleaning the house.
Verb 'ekhtesas dadan' (to devote).
تعطیلات آخر هفته در ایران با جمعه پایان مییابد.
The weekend in Iran ends with Friday.
Verb 'payan yaftan'.
هیچکس انتظار نداشت که او روز جمعه کار کند.
No one expected him to work on Friday.
Negative subject 'hich-kas'.
جمعه بازار محلی برای فروش کالاهای دستدوم است.
Friday market is a place for selling second-hand goods.
Compound noun 'Jom'eh Bazar'.
او در یادداشتهایش از تنهایی خود در روزهای جمعه نوشته است.
In his notes, he wrote about his loneliness on Fridays.
Prepositional phrase 'dar ruzhay-e'.
برگزاری مسابقات ورزشی در روز جمعه بسیار رایج است.
Holding sports competitions on Friday is very common.
Gerund 'bargozari'.
مفهوم 'جمعه' در اشعار معاصر اغلب با انتظار و دلتنگی گره خورده است.
The concept of 'Friday' in contemporary poetry is often tied to waiting and nostalgia.
Passive 'gereh khorde ast'.
برخی معتقدند هماهنگی تعطیلات با بازارهای جهانی مستلزم تغییر روز جمعه است.
Some believe that aligning holidays with global markets requires changing the Friday holiday.
Complex sentence with 'mostalzem'.
سکوت حاکم بر خیابانها در صبح جمعه، آرامشی کاذب به شهر میبخشد.
The silence prevailing over the streets on Friday morning gives a false sense of peace to the city.
Participial phrase 'hakem bar'.
او در رسالهی خود به بررسی جایگاه جمعه در تقویمهای پیش از اسلام پرداخته است.
In his treatise, he examined the position of Friday in pre-Islamic calendars.
Formal verb 'pardakhte ast'.
تأثیرات روانشناختی 'غروب جمعه' موضوع بسیاری از تحلیلهای فرهنگی بوده است.
The psychological effects of 'Friday sunset' have been the subject of many cultural analyses.
Compound subject with 'ta'sirat'.
حضور در نماز جمعه برای برخی، علاوه بر جنبهی مذهبی، یک کنش سیاسی است.
Attending Friday prayer is, for some, a political act in addition to its religious aspect.
Conjunction 'alaveh bar'.
او با لحنی طنزآمیز از کسالتبار بودن مهمانیهای خانوادگی جمعه سخن میگفت.
He spoke with a humorous tone about the tediousness of Friday family parties.
Adverbial phrase 'ba lahni'.
تقابل میان 'آدینه'ی سنتی و 'جمعه'ی مدرن در آثار او مشهود است.
The contrast between the traditional 'Adineh' and the modern 'Friday' is evident in his works.
Noun 'taghabol' (contrast).
واکاوی بنمایههای اساطیری در نامگذاری روز جمعه، ابعاد تازهای از فرهنگ را روشن میکند.
Analyzing the mythological motifs in the naming of Friday reveals new dimensions of culture.
Advanced vocabulary 'vakavi' (analysis).
جمعه در نگاه عارفانه، نمادی از تجلی وحدت در کثرت و میعادگاه سالکان است.
In the mystical view, Friday is a symbol of the manifestation of unity in multiplicity and the meeting place of seekers.
Mystical terminology.
او با ظرافتی بینظیر، ملال جمعه را به استعارهای برای وضعیت بشری بدل کرده است.
With unique delicacy, he has turned the boredom of Friday into a metaphor for the human condition.
Verb 'badal kardan' (to transform).
تحول کارکردی جمعه از یک روز صرفاً عبادی به یک نهاد سیاسی-اجتماعی، قابل تأمل است.
The functional transformation of Friday from a purely devotional day to a socio-political institution is noteworthy.
Adjective 'ghabel-e ta'ammol'.
در متون کهن، آدینه روزی فرخنده برای آغاز کارهای خطیر شمرده میشد.
In ancient texts, Adineh was considered an auspicious day for beginning momentous tasks.
Archaic word 'farkhondeh'.
او مدعی است که ساختار شهری تهران، پاسخگوی نیازهای تفریحی تودهها در روز جمعه نیست.
He claims that Tehran's urban structure does not meet the recreational needs of the masses on Friday.
Complex clause with 'modda'i ast'.
تجربهی زیستهی او در غربت، معنای جمعه را برایش به کلی دگرگون ساخته بود.
His lived experience in exile had completely transformed the meaning of Friday for him.
Compound verb 'degargun sakhtan'.
بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه جمعه در جوامع مختلف اسلامی، تفاوتهای ساختاری عمیقی را آشکار میسازد.
A comparative study of the position of Friday in different Islamic societies reveals deep structural differences.
Academic phrase 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
Souvent confondu avec
Expressions idiomatiques
Facile à confondre
Structures de phrases
Comment l'utiliser
Can imply a holiday context even without the word 'holiday'.
Used for the day Friday.
- Using 'dar' (in) before Jom'eh.
- Thinking Saturday is part of the weekend.
- Misspelling it as 'Jome' without the 'h'.
- Confusing 'Shab-e Jom'eh' with Friday night.
- Using 'Jom'eh' when they mean 'Jomleh' (sentence).
Astuces
Family Time
Friday is the best day to visit Iranian friends as they are usually home.
Traffic
Avoid driving back to Tehran on Friday evening; the traffic is legendary.
Greeting
Say 'Jom'eh-ye khubi dashteh bashid' to wish someone a good Friday.
Prayer Time
Be aware that areas around major mosques will be very crowded at Friday noon.
Closures
Don't plan on doing government business or banking on a Friday.
No Preposition
Remember: 'I'll see you Friday' is just 'Jom'eh mibinamet'.
Breakfast
Try 'Haleem' on a Friday morning; it's a classic Iranian tradition.
Synonym
Use 'Adineh' in a poem to sound more sophisticated.
Hiking
Friday morning is the most popular time for hiking in Darband or Tochal.
Radio
Listen to the radio on Friday morning for special entertainment programs.
Mémorise-le
Origine du mot
Arabic
Contexte culturel
Abgoosht or Haleem are traditional Friday meals.
Iran is one of the few countries where Friday is the primary weekend day.
Friday is considered the most blessed day of the week in Islam.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Amorces de conversation
"جمعه چه کار میکنی؟ (What are you doing on Friday?)"
"جمعه کجا برویم؟ (Where should we go on Friday?)"
"آیا جمعهها ورزش میکنی؟ (Do you exercise on Fridays?)"
"بهترین جمعه زندگیات کی بود؟ (When was the best Friday of your life?)"
"چرا جمعهها دلگیر است؟ (Why are Fridays depressing?)"
Sujets d'écriture
یک جمعه ایدهآل را توصیف کنید. (Describe an ideal Friday.)
تفاوت جمعه در ایران و یکشنبه در کشور خودتان چیست؟ (What is the difference between Friday in Iran and Sunday in your country?)
در آخرین جمعه چه کارهایی انجام دادید؟ (What did you do last Friday?)
چرا روز جمعه برای خانوادهها مهم است؟ (Why is Friday important for families?)
احساس خود را در مورد غروب جمعه بنویسید. (Write about your feelings regarding Friday sunset.)
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsNo, Friday is the official weekly holiday in Iran. Most offices, schools, and shops are closed.
Jom'eh is the common word, while Adineh is poetic and formal.
Technically it means the night leading into Friday, which is Thursday night in the Western calendar.
No, it represents a short 'e' sound, like the 'e' in 'bed'.
It is the congregational prayer held at noon on Fridays.
Yes, many restaurants are open and very busy as families go out for lunch.
No, Saturday is the first day of the work week in Iran.
You can say 'Har Jom'eh' or 'Jom'eh-ha'.
In the Iranian calendar, Saturday is the first day and Friday is the last.
It's a weekly flea market held on Fridays in many cities.
Teste-toi 180 questions
یک جمله درباره جمعه بنویسید.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
برنامه خود را برای جمعه آینده بنویسید.
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چرا جمعه را دوست دارید؟
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تفاوت جمعه و شنبه چیست؟
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درباره جمعه بازار یک پاراگراف بنویسید.
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احساس خود را درباره غروب جمعه توصیف کنید.
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یک نامه کوتاه به دوستتان بنویسید و او را برای جمعه دعوت کنید.
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اهمیت جمعه در فرهنگ ایران چیست؟
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یک داستان کوتاه که در روز جمعه اتفاق میافتد بنویسید.
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اگر جمعه تعطیل نبود چه میشد؟
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غذاهای سنتی جمعه را نام ببرید.
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چگونه جمعه خود را میگذرانید؟
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آیا جمعه در کشور شما هم تعطیل است؟
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درباره نماز جمعه چه میدانید؟
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یک خاطره از یک جمعه خاص بنویسید.
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چرا ترافیک در روز جمعه زیاد است؟
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بهترین فعالیت برای صبح جمعه چیست؟
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آیا جمعهها مطالعه میکنید؟
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یک پیام تبریک برای روز جمعه بنویسید.
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نظر شما درباره تغییر تعطیلات از جمعه به شنبه چیست؟
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
درباره جمعه خود صحبت کنید.
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جمعه گذشته چه کردید؟
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چرا جمعه در ایران مهم است؟
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یک خاطره از جمعه تعریف کنید.
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نظر شما درباره غروب جمعه چیست؟
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جمعهها معمولاً چه میخورید؟
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آیا جمعهها کار میکنید؟ چرا؟
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بهترین جا برای رفتن در روز جمعه کجاست؟
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تفاوت جمعه با روزهای دیگر چیست؟
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آیا جمعه بازار را دوست دارید؟
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درباره نماز جمعه چه فکر میکنید؟
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جمعه در کشور شما چگونه است؟
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اگر جمعه دو روز بود چه میشد؟
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آیا جمعهها دلتنگ میشوید؟
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برنامه جمعه آینده شما چیست؟
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آیا جمعه روز خوبی برای خرید است؟
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چرا مردم جمعهها به کوه میروند؟
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یک شعر یا ترانه درباره جمعه میشناسید؟
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جمعه برای شما چه رنگی است؟
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آیا جمعهها ورزش میکنید؟
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گوش دهید: 'من جمعه میآیم.' او چه روزی میآید؟
گوش دهید: 'جمعهها هوا خوب است.' هوا چه روزی خوب است؟
گوش دهید: 'بازار جمعه شلوغ بود.' بازار چطور بود؟
گوش دهید: 'او جمعه کار ندارد.' آیا او کار دارد؟
گوش دهید: 'غروب جمعه غمگین است.' غروب چه روزی؟
گوش دهید: 'ما جمعه به شمال رفتیم.' آنها کجا رفتند؟
گوش دهید: 'فردا جمعه است و من خوشحالم.' چرا او خوشحال است؟
گوش دهید: 'جمعه بازار ساعت ده باز میشود.' ساعت چند؟
گوش دهید: 'او هر جمعه مطالعه میکند.' او چه میکند؟
گوش دهید: 'نماز جمعه تمام شد.' چه چیزی تمام شد؟
گوش دهید: 'جمعه بهترین روز هفته است.' او چه فکری میکند؟
گوش دهید: 'او جمعه را در خانه ماند.' او کجا بود؟
گوش دهید: 'جمعه شب باران آمد.' کی باران آمد؟
گوش دهید: 'او جمعه بیدار نشد.' او چه کرد؟
گوش دهید: 'جمعهها جادهها ترافیک است.' جادهها چطور است؟
/ 180 correct
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Summary
Jom'eh (Friday) is the cornerstone of the Iranian week, serving as the primary day of rest and religious observance, equivalent to Sunday in Western cultures. Example: 'Jom'eh ha تعطیل hastand' (Fridays are holidays).
- Jom'eh means Friday in Persian.
- It is the main holiday in Iran.
- The word comes from the Arabic for 'gathering'.
- It is a day for family, rest, and prayer.
Family Time
Friday is the best day to visit Iranian friends as they are usually home.
Traffic
Avoid driving back to Tehran on Friday evening; the traffic is legendary.
Greeting
Say 'Jom'eh-ye khubi dashteh bashid' to wish someone a good Friday.
Prayer Time
Be aware that areas around major mosques will be very crowded at Friday noon.
Exemple
جمعهها تعطیل است.
Contenu associé
Expressions liées
Plus de mots sur general
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1Le mot 'عادی' signifie normal ou ordinaire. Par exemple: 'C'est une journée normale' (این یک روز عادی است).
عافیت
B2Bien-être; santé et sécurité holistiques. Utilisé souvent comme une bénédiction après un éternuement.
عاجل
B2Urgent; qui exige une attention ou une action immédiate. Par exemple: 'Une guérison urgente' ou 'Une nouvelle urgente'.
عاقبت
C1Le résultat final ou l'aboutissement d'une action. 'عاقبت کار چه شد؟' (Quel a été l'aboutissement de l'affaire ?)
عاقل
A1Sage, sensé. Une personne qui fait preuve de bon jugement.
عالمگیر
C1Universel ou mondial; ce qui s'étend à toute la terre.
عالی
A1Le mot 'Aali' signifie excellent ou superbe en persan.
عام
B1Le mot 'Am' signifie général ou public.
اعم از
B2Y compris; soit... soit... (utilisé pour introduire des options).