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A1 noun #1,800 最常用 4分钟阅读

جمعه

jom'eh 前1,800

开始练习例句笔记与提示 جمعه 30秒了解

解析 جمعه in your Level:

At the A1 level, you simply need to know that 'Jom'eh' means Friday. You should be able to say what day it is today and mention that you don't go to school or work on this day. It is one of the first seven days you learn. Focus on the sentence 'Emruz Jom'eh ast' (Today is Friday). You should also recognize that it is the day of rest in Iran. In basic conversations, you might use it to set a meeting time: 'Jom'eh mibinamet' (I'll see you on Friday). It is a fundamental building block for talking about your weekly routine. Most A1 learners will practice this word alongside other days like 'Shanbeh' (Saturday). Remember that in Persian, we don't usually use a word for 'on' before the day. Just saying the day is enough to mean 'on that day'.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'Jom'eh' in more complex sentences involving routines and past events. You might say 'Man Jom'eh-ha be khane-ye madarbozorgam miravam' (I go to my grandmother's house on Fridays). Here, you are using the plural form to show a habit. You also start to learn about 'Akhar-e hafteh' (the weekend) and how 'Jom'eh' fits into it. You should be able to describe a simple Friday schedule: waking up late, having a big breakfast, and going for a walk. You will also encounter the word in the context of shopping, like 'Jom'eh Bazar'. At this level, you should also be aware that Thursday (Panjshanbeh) is the day before Friday and is often a half-holiday, making Friday the 'main' day off.

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At the B1 level, you understand the cultural weight of 'Jom'eh'. You can discuss the significance of the day beyond just being a holiday. You might talk about 'Namaz-e Jom'eh' (Friday Prayer) and its role in society. You are also introduced to the more poetic 'Adineh'. You can express feelings associated with the day, such as the 'Ghorub-e Jom'eh' (Friday sunset) melancholy. You should be able to compare the Iranian weekend with the weekend in your own country using 'Jom'eh' as a reference point. Your grammar should include using 'Jom'eh' in conditional sentences, like 'Agar Jom'eh hava khub bashad, be piknik miravim' (If the weather is good on Friday, we will go on a picnic). You also start to understand the concept of 'Shab-e Jom'eh' and its religious and social implications.

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At the B2 level, you can analyze the socio-economic impact of Friday being the only full day off in Iran. You can read news articles about events happening on Friday or official announcements regarding holiday shifts. You understand the nuances of 'Jom'eh' in literature and film, where it often serves as a backdrop for family dramas or internal reflections. You can use the word in idiomatic expressions and understand its role in the lunar vs. solar calendar discussions. You are comfortable with the Ezafe construction in complex phrases like 'Barnameh-ye vizheh-ye ruz-e Jom'eh' (Special Friday program). You can also discuss the environmental impact of 'Friday crowds' in nature spots around major cities like Tehran.

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At the C1 level, you explore the deep etymological and historical roots of 'Jom'eh'. You can discuss its transition from the pre-Islamic 'Adineh' to the Islamic 'Jom'eh' and what that represented for Persian culture. You can analyze classical and modern poetry where Friday is used as a metaphor for waiting (often linked to the Mahdi in Shia Islam, who is said to reappear on a Friday). You can engage in debates about whether Iran should move to a Friday-Saturday weekend to better align with global markets. Your vocabulary includes very specific terms like 'Jumu'ah' (the Arabic pronunciation used in religious contexts) and you can distinguish between the secular and religious vibes of the day in different parts of the city.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word's connotations. You can interpret the most subtle literary references to Friday in the works of authors like Sadegh Hedayat or poets like Ahmad Shamlou. You understand the political history of the Friday Prayer as a platform for state policy. You can navigate the most complex social situations involving Friday invitations and the 'Ta'arof' associated with them. You are aware of the regional variations in how Friday is celebrated across the Persian-speaking world, including Afghanistan and Tajikistan. You can write sophisticated essays on the duality of Friday as both a day of spiritual gathering and a day of personal solitude.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

جمعه 30秒了解

Jom'eh means Friday in Persian.
It is the main holiday in Iran.
The word comes from the Arabic for 'gathering'.
It is a day for family, rest, and prayer.

The word جمعه (Jom'eh) is perhaps the most significant day in the Iranian calendar. Unlike the Western weekend which spans Saturday and Sunday, the Iranian weekend primarily centers on Friday. It is a day of deep cultural, religious, and social importance.

Linguistic Root: The word comes from the Arabic root meaning 'to gather' or 'to collect'. This refers to the gathering of the community for the noon prayer.

امروز جمعه است و همه جا تعطیل است.

In Iran, the work week begins on Saturday. Therefore, Friday is the day when schools, government offices, and most businesses are closed. It is the day for 'Sizdah Bedar' style picnics, visiting grandparents, and sleeping in. For many, the 'feeling' of Friday is a mix of relaxation and a slight melancholy as the work week looms ahead.

Social Context: Friday mornings are often associated with 'Haleem' or 'Kalleh Pacheh' breakfasts and family trips to the mountains or parks.

ما هر جمعه به کوه می‌رویم.

The concept of 'Ghorub-e Jom'eh' (Friday Sunset) is a common theme in Persian pop culture and poetry, often symbolizing a deep, inexplicable sadness or nostalgia as the holiday ends.

غروب جمعه دلگیر است.

Using the word جمعه is straightforward as it functions like any other day of the week. However, there are specific grammatical nuances to keep in mind regarding prepositions and pluralization.

Prepositions: To say 'on Friday', you usually say 'Ruz-e Jom'eh' (روز جمعه) or simply 'Jom'eh'. Unlike English, you don't always need a preposition like 'on'.

من جمعه وقت دارم.

When talking about recurring Fridays, you can use the plural form 'Jom'eh-ha'. This is common when describing habits or routines.

جمعه‌ها کتاب می‌خوانم.

Common Collocations: 'Jom'eh-ye akhar-e mah' (Last Friday of the month), 'Sobh-e Jom'eh' (Friday morning), 'Shab-e Jom'eh' (Thursday night - culturally significant).

صبح جمعه ورزش می‌کنیم.

In formal writing, you might see 'Ruz-e Jom'eh' more frequently than just 'Jom'eh'. In spoken Persian, 'Jom'eh' is often sufficient to convey the meaning of 'this Friday' or 'on Friday'.

You will encounter جمعه in almost every aspect of daily life in Iran, from media broadcasts to casual conversations about plans.

In Media: News programs often mention 'Namaz-e Jom'eh' (Friday Prayer) as it is a major political and religious event where sermons are delivered.

اخبار جمعه را شنیدی؟

Radio and TV schedules change significantly on Fridays, with more entertainment, movies, and religious programming. You'll hear 'Jom'eh-ye Shad' (Happy Friday) as a title for various variety shows.

In Songs: Famous singers like Farhad Mehrad have iconic songs titled 'Jom'eh', which discuss the heavy atmosphere of the day.

توی قاب خیس این پنجره‌ها، عکسی از جمعه غمگین می‌بینم.

Finally, in travel and tourism, Friday is the day when traffic 'out' of cities (towards the north or the mountains) is heaviest in the morning, and traffic 'into' cities is heaviest in the evening.

Learners often make mistakes regarding the weekend structure and the specific cultural usage of جمعه.

Mistake 1: The Weekend: Assuming Saturday or Sunday is a holiday. In Iran, Saturday is the first day of the work week. Don't say 'See you on the weekend' and expect it to mean Sunday.

غلط: یکشنبه تعطیل است. درست: جمعه تعطیل است.

Another common error is using the preposition 'dar' (in) for days of the week. While grammatically possible in some contexts, it sounds unnatural. It's better to use the day directly or with 'ruz-e'.

Mistake 2: Spelling: Confusing 'Jom'eh' (جمعه) with 'Jam' (جمع) which means 'sum' or 'plural'. They share the same root but are used differently.

ما جمعه جمع می‌شویم. (We gather on Friday.)

While جمعه is the standard term, there are synonyms and related terms that provide more color to your Persian.

آدینه (Adineh): A more formal and poetic synonym for Friday. It is purely Persian in origin, whereas Jom'eh is Arabic. You will see this in literature and high-end journalism.

روز آدینه مبارک باد.

Another related term is 'Akhar-e Hafteh' (آخر هفته), which means 'weekend'. In Iran, this usually refers to Thursday afternoon and Friday.

تعطیل (Ta'til): Means 'holiday' or 'closed'. Since Friday is always a holiday, these two words are often linked in sentences.

جمعه روز تعطیل است.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Days of the week don't need 'on'.

Pluralizing days for habits.

Ezafe with days.

Using 'Ruz-e' vs just the day.

Prepositions of time.

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按水平分级的例句

امروز جمعه است.

Today is Friday.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

جمعه تعطیل است.

Friday is a holiday.

Noun + Adjective.

من جمعه می‌آیم.

I am coming on Friday.

Future intent using present continuous form.

جمعه کجا می‌روی؟

Where are you going on Friday?

Interrogative sentence.

ما جمعه ناهار می‌خوریم.

We eat lunch on Friday.

Subject + Time + Object + Verb.

جمعه روز خوبی است.

Friday is a good day.

Descriptive sentence.

کتابخانه جمعه بسته است.

The library is closed on Friday.

Stating a fact.

فردا جمعه است.

Tomorrow is Friday.

Time adverb + Noun.

من جمعه‌ها به پارک می‌روم.

I go to the park on Fridays.

Plural 'ha' indicates habit.

او روز جمعه کار نمی‌کند.

He doesn't work on Friday.

Negative verb form.

آیا جمعه وقت داری؟

Do you have time on Friday?

Question with 'aya'.

جمعه گذشته کجا بودی؟

Where were you last Friday?

Past tense of 'to be'.

ما برای جمعه برنامه داریم.

We have plans for Friday.

Preposition 'baraye'.

جمعه صبح زود بیدار شدم.

I woke up early Friday morning.

Past simple.

بازار در روز جمعه شلوغ است.

The market is crowded on Friday.

Adjective 'sholugh'.

من جمعه را دوست دارم.

I like Friday.

Direct object with 'ra'.

عصر جمعه معمولاً کمی دلگیر است.

Friday afternoon is usually a bit depressing.

Use of 'ma'mulan' (usually).

اگر جمعه باران ببارد، در خانه می‌مانیم.

If it rains on Friday, we will stay home.

Conditional Type 1.

او تمام جمعه را صرف مطالعه کرد.

He spent the whole of Friday studying.

Verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend/consume).

جمعه بهترین زمان برای استراحت است.

Friday is the best time for resting.

Superlative 'behtarin'.

آیا می‌خواهی جمعه با ما به کوه بیایی؟

Do you want to come to the mountains with us on Friday?

Subjunctive mood 'biayi'.

در ایران، جمعه روز تعطیل رسمی است.

In Iran, Friday is an official holiday.

Formal adjective 'rasmi'.

او همیشه جمعه‌ها به دیدن والدینش می‌رود.

He always goes to see his parents on Fridays.

Adverb 'hamisheh'.

برنامه‌ی تلویزیون در روز جمعه متفاوت است.

The TV schedule is different on Friday.

Ezafe construction.

بسیاری از مردم از ترافیک سنگین عصر جمعه شکایت دارند.

Many people complain about the heavy Friday evening traffic.

Present simple with 'shekayat dashtan'.

نماز جمعه در شهرهای بزرگ با شکوه برگزار می‌شود.

Friday prayer is held magnificently in large cities.

Passive-like construction 'bargozar shodan'.

او قصد دارد کل روز جمعه را به نظافت خانه اختصاص دهد.

He intends to devote the whole of Friday to cleaning the house.

Verb 'ekhtesas dadan' (to devote).

تعطیلات آخر هفته در ایران با جمعه پایان می‌یابد.

The weekend in Iran ends with Friday.

Verb 'payan yaftan'.

هیچ‌کس انتظار نداشت که او روز جمعه کار کند.

No one expected him to work on Friday.

Negative subject 'hich-kas'.

جمعه بازار محلی برای فروش کالاهای دست‌دوم است.

Friday market is a place for selling second-hand goods.

Compound noun 'Jom'eh Bazar'.

او در یادداشت‌هایش از تنهایی خود در روزهای جمعه نوشته است.

In his notes, he wrote about his loneliness on Fridays.

Prepositional phrase 'dar ruzhay-e'.

برگزاری مسابقات ورزشی در روز جمعه بسیار رایج است.

Holding sports competitions on Friday is very common.

Gerund 'bargozari'.

مفهوم 'جمعه' در اشعار معاصر اغلب با انتظار و دلتنگی گره خورده است.

The concept of 'Friday' in contemporary poetry is often tied to waiting and nostalgia.

Passive 'gereh khorde ast'.

برخی معتقدند هماهنگی تعطیلات با بازارهای جهانی مستلزم تغییر روز جمعه است.

Some believe that aligning holidays with global markets requires changing the Friday holiday.

Complex sentence with 'mostalzem'.

سکوت حاکم بر خیابان‌ها در صبح جمعه، آرامشی کاذب به شهر می‌بخشد.

The silence prevailing over the streets on Friday morning gives a false sense of peace to the city.

Participial phrase 'hakem bar'.

او در رساله‌ی خود به بررسی جایگاه جمعه در تقویم‌های پیش از اسلام پرداخته است.

In his treatise, he examined the position of Friday in pre-Islamic calendars.

Formal verb 'pardakhte ast'.

تأثیرات روان‌شناختی 'غروب جمعه' موضوع بسیاری از تحلیل‌های فرهنگی بوده است.

The psychological effects of 'Friday sunset' have been the subject of many cultural analyses.

Compound subject with 'ta'sirat'.

حضور در نماز جمعه برای برخی، علاوه بر جنبه‌ی مذهبی، یک کنش سیاسی است.

Attending Friday prayer is, for some, a political act in addition to its religious aspect.

Conjunction 'alaveh bar'.

او با لحنی طنزآمیز از کسالت‌بار بودن مهمانی‌های خانوادگی جمعه سخن می‌گفت.

He spoke with a humorous tone about the tediousness of Friday family parties.

Adverbial phrase 'ba lahni'.

تقابل میان 'آدینه'ی سنتی و 'جمعه'ی مدرن در آثار او مشهود است.

The contrast between the traditional 'Adineh' and the modern 'Friday' is evident in his works.

Noun 'taghabol' (contrast).

واکاوی بن‌مایه‌های اساطیری در نام‌گذاری روز جمعه، ابعاد تازه‌ای از فرهنگ را روشن می‌کند.

Analyzing the mythological motifs in the naming of Friday reveals new dimensions of culture.

Advanced vocabulary 'vakavi' (analysis).

جمعه در نگاه عارفانه، نمادی از تجلی وحدت در کثرت و میعادگاه سالکان است.

In the mystical view, Friday is a symbol of the manifestation of unity in multiplicity and the meeting place of seekers.

Mystical terminology.

او با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، ملال جمعه را به استعاره‌ای برای وضعیت بشری بدل کرده است.

With unique delicacy, he has turned the boredom of Friday into a metaphor for the human condition.

Verb 'badal kardan' (to transform).

تحول کارکردی جمعه از یک روز صرفاً عبادی به یک نهاد سیاسی-اجتماعی، قابل تأمل است.

The functional transformation of Friday from a purely devotional day to a socio-political institution is noteworthy.

Adjective 'ghabel-e ta'ammol'.

در متون کهن، آدینه روزی فرخنده برای آغاز کارهای خطیر شمرده می‌شد.

In ancient texts, Adineh was considered an auspicious day for beginning momentous tasks.

Archaic word 'farkhondeh'.

او مدعی است که ساختار شهری تهران، پاسخگوی نیازهای تفریحی توده‌ها در روز جمعه نیست.

He claims that Tehran's urban structure does not meet the recreational needs of the masses on Friday.

Complex clause with 'modda'i ast'.

تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی او در غربت، معنای جمعه را برایش به کلی دگرگون ساخته بود.

His lived experience in exile had completely transformed the meaning of Friday for him.

Compound verb 'degargun sakhtan'.

بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه جمعه در جوامع مختلف اسلامی، تفاوت‌های ساختاری عمیقی را آشکار می‌سازد.

A comparative study of the position of Friday in different Islamic societies reveals deep structural differences.

Academic phrase 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.

常见搭配

نماز جمعه (Friday prayer)

عصر جمعه (Friday afternoon)

جمعه بازار (Friday market)

صبح جمعه (Friday morning)

غروب جمعه (Friday sunset)

جمعه شب (Friday night)

تعطیلات جمعه (Friday holidays)

جمعه آخر ماه (Last Friday of the month)

برنامه جمعه (Friday program)

سفر جمعه (Friday trip)

常用短语

جمعه مبارک (Blessed Friday)

تا جمعه (Until Friday)

جمعه می‌بینمت (See you Friday)

جمعه‌ها کجایی؟ (Where are you on Fridays?)

جمعه وقت داری؟ (Are you free on Friday?)

روز جمعه است (It is Friday)

جمعه تعطیل است (Friday is a holiday)

غروب دلگیر جمعه (Depressing Friday sunset)

جمعه به کوه رفتن (Going to the mountains on Friday)

جمعه خوبی داشته باشید (Have a good Friday)

容易混淆的词

جمعه vs جمع (Jam' - Sum)

جمعه vs جمله (Jomleh - Sentence)

جمعه vs جمعه بازار (The market vs the day)

习语与表达

"خروس بی‌محل (Someone who speaks at the wrong time - often used if someone mentions work on a Friday)"

"جمعه به مکتب (Going to school on Friday - doing something at the wrong time)"

"مثل غروب جمعه (Very sad/depressing)"

"شنبه به در (Waiting for the week to start)"

"عشق جمعه (Someone who loves holidays)"

"کار جمعه را به شنبه مسپار (Don't leave Friday's work for Saturday)"

"جمعه بازار (A mess/disorganized place)"

"آدینه و وصل (Friday and meeting the beloved)"

"مرگ بر جمعه (A humorous way to say one hates the end of the holiday)"

"جمعه سیاه (Black Friday - used in modern contexts)"

容易混淆

جمعه vs

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Can imply a holiday context even without the word 'holiday'.

general

Used for the day Friday.

常见错误

Using 'dar' (in) before Jom'eh.
Thinking Saturday is part of the weekend.
Misspelling it as 'Jome' without the 'h'.
Confusing 'Shab-e Jom'eh' with Friday night.
Using 'Jom'eh' when they mean 'Jomleh' (sentence).

小贴士

Family Time

Friday is the best day to visit Iranian friends as they are usually home.

Traffic

Avoid driving back to Tehran on Friday evening; the traffic is legendary.

Greeting

Say 'Jom'eh-ye khubi dashteh bashid' to wish someone a good Friday.

Prayer Time

Be aware that areas around major mosques will be very crowded at Friday noon.

Closures

Don't plan on doing government business or banking on a Friday.

No Preposition

Remember: 'I'll see you Friday' is just 'Jom'eh mibinamet'.

Breakfast

Try 'Haleem' on a Friday morning; it's a classic Iranian tradition.

Synonym

Use 'Adineh' in a poem to sound more sophisticated.

Hiking

Friday morning is the most popular time for hiking in Darband or Tochal.

Radio

Listen to the radio on Friday morning for special entertainment programs.

记住它

词源

Arabic

文化背景

Abgoosht or Haleem are traditional Friday meals.

Iran is one of the few countries where Friday is the primary weekend day.

Friday is considered the most blessed day of the week in Islam.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"جمعه چه کار می‌کنی؟ (What are you doing on Friday?)"

"جمعه کجا برویم؟ (Where should we go on Friday?)"

"آیا جمعه‌ها ورزش می‌کنی؟ (Do you exercise on Fridays?)"

"بهترین جمعه زندگی‌ات کی بود؟ (When was the best Friday of your life?)"

"چرا جمعه‌ها دلگیر است؟ (Why are Fridays depressing?)"

日记主题

یک جمعه ایده‌آل را توصیف کنید. (Describe an ideal Friday.)

تفاوت جمعه در ایران و یکشنبه در کشور خودتان چیست؟ (What is the difference between Friday in Iran and Sunday in your country?)

در آخرین جمعه چه کارهایی انجام دادید؟ (What did you do last Friday?)

چرا روز جمعه برای خانواده‌ها مهم است؟ (Why is Friday important for families?)

احساس خود را در مورد غروب جمعه بنویسید. (Write about your feelings regarding Friday sunset.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, Friday is the official weekly holiday in Iran. Most offices, schools, and shops are closed.

Jom'eh is the common word, while Adineh is poetic and formal.

Technically it means the night leading into Friday, which is Thursday night in the Western calendar.

No, it represents a short 'e' sound, like the 'e' in 'bed'.

It is the congregational prayer held at noon on Fridays.

Yes, many restaurants are open and very busy as families go out for lunch.

No, Saturday is the first day of the work week in Iran.

You can say 'Har Jom'eh' or 'Jom'eh-ha'.

In the Iranian calendar, Saturday is the first day and Friday is the last.

It's a weekly flea market held on Fridays in many cities.

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