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B1 noun #7,500 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

کوسه

Q: What is the plural of 'کوسه'?

The plural is 'کوسهها' (kuse-ha).

kooseh Top 7,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces کوسه en 30 secondes

Explication کوسه in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'کوسه' (kuse) is a simple noun meaning 'shark'. You will learn it alongside other basic animal names like 'ماهی' (fish) or 'آب' (water). At this stage, you only need to know that it is a big fish that lives in the sea. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'کوسه بزرگ است' (The shark is big) or 'من کوسه را دوست ندارم' (I do not like the shark). The focus is on recognizing the word and its basic meaning. You don't need to worry about the 'beardless' meaning or complex metaphors yet. Just remember the sound 'koo-seh' and associate it with the image of a shark. It's a common word found in children's picture books about the ocean. You might also see it in basic vocabulary lists about nature. Learning this word early helps you build a foundation for talking about the environment and animals, which are common topics in beginner language exams. The spelling is also quite simple, consisting of only four letters: Kaf, Vav, Sin, and He. This makes it an easy word to practice writing.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'کوسه' in slightly more descriptive sentences. You might describe what the shark does or where it lives using basic verbs and prepositions. For example, 'کوسه در اقیانوس زندگی می‌کند' (The shark lives in the ocean). You can also use plurals: 'کوسه‌ها دندان‌های تیزی دارند' (Sharks have sharp teeth). At this level, you should be able to distinguish 'کوسه' from other sea animals like 'دلفین' (dolphin) or 'لاک‌پشت' (turtle). You might encounter the word in short stories or simple news clips about nature. You are also beginning to learn how to use adjectives to modify the noun, such as 'کوسه خطرناک' (dangerous shark) or 'کوسه گرسنه' (hungry shark). This level focuses on building your ability to communicate basic facts about the animal. You might also learn that 'کوسه' is a fish, not a mammal, which is a common topic in basic science discussions in Persian. Practice using the word with the Ezafe construction to connect it to adjectives correctly.

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At the B1 level, 'کوسه' becomes part of more complex discussions about the environment, movies, and geography. You should be able to talk about the importance of sharks in the ecosystem or discuss a film like 'Jaws'. You will use the word in sentences with multiple clauses, such as 'اگرچه کوسه‌ها ترسناک به نظر می‌رسند، اما برای محیط زیست ضروری هستند' (Although sharks seem scary, they are essential for the environment). You might also encounter the word in the context of Iranian geography, specifically the Persian Gulf, where various shark species live. At this stage, you should also be introduced to the secondary meaning of 'کوسه' (beardless), though you might not use it often yourself. You will understand that the word has a cultural layer beyond just the animal. Your vocabulary should now include related terms like 'شکار' (hunting), 'حمله' (attack), and 'غضروف' (cartilage). You can participate in a debate or a presentation about whether sharks should be protected or if they are truly dangerous to humans. This level requires a more nuanced understanding of how the word fits into broader conversations.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'کوسه' in more specialized contexts. You might read articles about marine biology or environmental conservation where 'کوسه' is discussed in detail. You will understand terms like 'انواع کوسه' (types of sharks) and 'زیستگاه کوسه' (shark habitat). You should be able to use the word in hypothetical or conditional sentences: 'اگر جمعیت کوسه‌ها کاهش یابد، تعادل دریا به هم می‌خورد' (If the shark population decreases, the balance of the sea will be disrupted). You will also become more familiar with the metaphorical use of 'کوسه' in business or social contexts to describe predatory behavior. Your reading comprehension should allow you to understand news reports about shark sightings or conservation efforts in the Persian Gulf. You might also explore the word's presence in Persian folklore or local traditions in Southern Iran. At this level, your use of the word should be fluent and integrated into more sophisticated grammatical structures, including passive voice and complex conjunctions.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'کوسه' reaches a near-native level of depth. You will explore the word's etymology and its historical use in classical Persian literature. You will study how poets and writers used the 'beardless' (کوسه) trait as a character descriptor or a source of humor in traditional plays. You can analyze scientific texts about the 'غضروف‌ماهیان' (cartiloginous fish) and discuss the specific biological adaptations of sharks. You are also capable of understanding the nuances of regional dialects, such as the use of 'کولی' in the south and how it relates to the standard 'کوسه'. Your ability to use the word metaphorically is refined; you can use it in political or economic analysis to describe 'sharks' in the market. You might also look at the 'Kuse-neshin' ceremony from a sociological perspective, discussing its role in Iranian folk traditions. At this level, 'کوسه' is not just a vocabulary word but a gateway to understanding Iranian marine life, cultural history, and linguistic variety.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 'کوسه' and all its connotations. You can engage in high-level academic discussions about marine ecology in the Persian Gulf, using 'کوسه' as a focal point for biodiversity studies. You can interpret and critique classical texts where 'کوسه' appears, understanding the subtle social and physical implications of the term in a historical context. You are comfortable with the most obscure idioms and proverbs involving the word. Your command of the language allows you to switch between the scientific, the colloquial, and the literary meanings of 'کوسه' with ease. You can write professional reports, give keynote speeches, or translate complex documents involving marine biology or Persian folklore where this word is central. You understand the profound impact of sharks on the coastal economy of Iran and can discuss the ethical implications of shark fishing within the framework of Islamic law and international conservation standards. For you, 'کوسه' is a rich, multi-dimensional term that reflects the intersection of nature, culture, and language.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

کوسه en 30 secondes

Kuse (کوسه) primarily means shark, a large marine predator found in oceans worldwide and specifically in the Persian Gulf.
The word also historically and culturally refers to a beardless man, a trait sometimes featured in traditional Iranian folk plays.
In modern Persian, it is most commonly used to discuss wildlife, nature documentaries, and environmental issues related to the sea.
It is a noun with a simple plural form (kuse-ha) and is often paired with adjectives like 'dangerous' or 'giant'.

The Persian word کوسه (pronounced 'kuse') primarily refers to the shark, a formidable marine predator known for its cartilaginous skeleton and sharp teeth. In the context of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, sharks are a significant part of the local marine biodiversity. However, the word 'کوسه' carries a fascinating secondary meaning in Persian culture and history that is essential for advanced learners. It is also used to describe a man who naturally has little to no facial hair (a beardless man). This dual meaning creates a rich linguistic landscape where a word describing a fierce ocean predator also describes a specific physical trait in humans. When people use this word in a modern, everyday context, they are almost certainly referring to the fish, especially when discussing nature, documentaries, or the seaside. You will hear it in news reports about environmental conservation or in casual warnings at the beach. In literary or historical contexts, specifically in classical Persian literature or folklore, you might encounter it referring to the 'beardless' characteristic, often associated with specific character archetypes in traditional stories.

Biological Context: In scientific discussions, it refers to the various species of sharks found globally, with specific focus on those in Iranian waters like the Whale Shark (کوسه کر”) or the Great White (کوسه بزرگ سفید).

بسیاری از مردم از شنا کردن در آب‌هایی که کوسه دارند می‌ترسند.

(Many people are afraid of swimming in waters that have sharks.)

The word is also used metaphorically in business or social circles to describe someone who is predatory, aggressive, or highly successful in a ruthless manner, much like the English 'loan shark' or 'business shark,' though the Persian equivalent for 'loan shark' is usually 'نزول‌خور'. Nevertheless, the image of the shark as a relentless hunter is universally understood in Iran. Interestingly, the traditional Persian New Year (Nowruz) festivities in some regions involved a 'Kuse-neshin' ceremony, a comedic folk play featuring a beardless character, which highlights the cultural depth of the term beyond just the animal. Understanding 'کوسه' requires recognizing these layers: the biological reality of the animal, the physical description of a person, and the metaphorical use in modern social dynamics.

Cultural Nuance: The term 'کوسه جنوب' refers to the specific species and the cultural relationship people in Southern Iran have with these creatures, involving both fear and respect.

فیلم سینمایی آرواره‌ها درباره یک کوسه خطرناک است.

(The movie Jaws is about a dangerous shark.)

Using 'کوسه' in a sentence is straightforward as it functions as a standard noun. However, to sound more like a native speaker, you should be aware of the common adjectives and verbs that accompany it. Since sharks are often perceived as threats, verbs like 'حمله کردن' (to attack) or 'شکار کردن' (to hunt) are frequently paired with it. For example, 'کوسه به قایق ماهیگیری حمله کرد' (The shark attacked the fishing boat). When describing the shark, you might use 'ترسناک' (scary), 'غول‌پیکر' (giant), or 'وحشی' (wild). In more technical or environmental contexts, you might use 'انقراض' (extinction) or 'حفاظت' (protection), as in 'کوسه‌ها در معرض خطر انقراض هستند' (Sharks are in danger of extinction).

Grammar Tip: The plural of 'کوسه' is 'کوسه‌ها'. Unlike English where 'sharks' is the only plural, Persian uses the suffix '-ha' for animals and inanimate objects alike.

دیروز در مستند حیات وحش، یک کوسه سفید بزرگ دیدم.

(Yesterday in a wildlife documentary, I saw a great white shark.)

If you are using the word in its secondary meaning (beardless), it usually appears as an adjective describing a person. For instance, 'او مردی کوسه است' (He is a beardless man). This is less common in modern urban speech but remains part of the literary and descriptive lexicon. In idiomatic expressions, 'کوسه' can appear in phrases like 'کوسه و ریش‌پهن' which refers to a situation with contradictory or mismatched elements. When writing about sharks in a more academic or descriptive way, you would use the Ezafe construction to link it with its species name, such as 'کوسه نهنگ' (Whale Shark). This structure is vital for clarity when specifying which type of shark you are discussing.

صیادان محلی می‌گویند که تعداد کوسه‌ها در این منطقه کم شده است.

(Local fishermen say the number of sharks in this area has decreased.)

You will encounter the word 'کوسه' in several distinct environments. First and foremost is in educational and media content. Iranian television often broadcasts dubbed wildlife documentaries (like National Geographic or BBC Earth), where 'کوسه' is a frequent subject. Children's books and cartoons also use the word, often depicting sharks as either scary villains or misunderstood creatures (think 'Finding Nemo' dubbed in Persian). Secondly, if you travel to the southern provinces of Iran like Hormozgan or Bushehr, 'کوسه' is part of the daily vocabulary of the coastal communities. It appears on restaurant menus (though eating shark is generally considered 'haram' or forbidden in mainstream Shia Islamic law, it is sometimes found in specific regional cuisines or discussed in the context of fishing by-catch).

News & Media: News headlines might read: 'نجات یک کوسه گرفتار در تور ماهیگیری' (Rescue of a shark caught in a fishing net).

در آکواریوم بزرگ کیش، انواع مختلفی از کوسه نگهداری می‌شود.

(In the large Kish Aquarium, various types of sharks are kept.)

In a metaphorical sense, you might hear it in a business meeting or a political commentary where someone is described as a 'کوسه'. This implies they are a 'big fish' or a predatory actor in their field. Furthermore, in literature and folklore, the 'beardless' meaning arises. The 'Kuse' character in traditional Iranian comic theater (Siah-Bazi or Ru-Hozi) is a classic figure. While you won't hear this in a grocery store, you will certainly hear it in a university lecture on Persian theater or cultural history. Finally, in the world of sports, specifically swimming or water polo, a particularly fast or aggressive player might be nicknamed 'کوسه'.

مراقب باش! در این قسمت از ساحل احتمال وجود کوسه هست.

(Be careful! In this part of the beach, there is a possibility of sharks.)

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing 'کوسه' (shark) with 'نهنگ' (whale). While both are large sea creatures, they are biologically and linguistically distinct. In English, 'Whale Shark' is a single species; in Persian, it is 'کوسه نهنگ', which can be confusing for beginners who might think it's a whale. Another mistake is related to the pronunciation. The 'u' sound (vav) should be long, like 'koo-seh'. Pronouncing it with a short 'o' might lead to confusion with other words or simply sound unnatural. Additionally, learners often forget that Persian does not have gendered nouns, so 'کوسه' refers to both male and female sharks without any change in the word itself.

Semantic Confusion: Mistaking 'کوسه' (shark) for 'دلفین' (dolphin) in fast speech, though they look nothing alike in Persian script.

اشتباه نکن، آن یک نهنگ است نه یک کوسه.

(Don't make a mistake, that is a whale, not a shark.)

Regarding the 'beardless' meaning, a common error is using 'کوسه' as a derogatory term without realizing its historical weight. While it's a descriptive word, calling someone 'کوسه' to their face can be sensitive as it highlights a lack of a traditional masculine trait (the beard) in Middle Eastern culture. Learners should use this meaning only when discussing literature or specific physical descriptions in a neutral context. Finally, when using the word in writing, ensure you don't confuse the letter 'Kaf' (ک) with 'Gaf' (گ). Writing 'گوسه' would be a spelling error and has no meaning in standard Persian.

بسیاری فکر می‌کنند کوسه‌ها پستاندار هستند، اما آن‌ها ماهی‌اند.

(Many think sharks are mammals, but they are fish.)

While 'کوسه' is the standard word for shark, there are several related terms and regional variations you might encounter. In the dialects of Southern Iran (like Bushehri or Bandari), the word 'کولی' (Koli) is frequently used to refer to sharks. This is an important distinction for anyone traveling to the Persian Gulf coast. Another related word is 'سگ‌ماهی' (Dogfish), which refers to smaller species of sharks or similar cartilaginous fish. While 'کوسه' is the broad category, 'سگ‌ماهی' is more specific and often used by fishermen.

Comparison: کوسه vs. نهنگ: کوسه (Shark) is a predatory fish with gills, whereas نهنگ (Whale) is a massive marine mammal that breathes air.
Comparison: کوسه vs. کولی: کوسه is the standard Persian term used in media and education; کولی is the regional dialect term used by coastal inhabitants.

در جنوب ایران، ماهیگیران گاهی به جای کوسه از واژه کولی استفاده می‌کنند.

(In Southern Iran, fishermen sometimes use the word 'Koli' instead of 'shark'.)

If you are looking for synonyms for the metaphorical 'shark' (a ruthless person), you might use 'آدمخوار' (man-eater/cannibal - used figuratively) or 'درنده' (predator/beast). However, 'کوسه' remains the most direct translation for the animal. In scientific literature, you will see 'غضروف‌ماهیان' (Chondrichthyes) to describe the class of cartilaginous fish that includes sharks and rays. For 'rays' or 'skates', the Persian word is 'سفره‌ماهی' (Table-fish, literally), which is a beautiful descriptive term for their flat shape. Understanding these alternatives helps in navigating both scientific texts and regional conversations.

کوسه و سفره‌ماهی هر دو از گروه ماهیان غضروفی هستند.

(The shark and the stingray both belong to the group of cartilaginous fish.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In some ancient Persian texts, the shark was called 'Sagmāhi' (dog-fish), but 'Kuse' eventually became the dominant term. The 'beardless' meaning led to the creation of one of Iran's oldest folk theater traditions, the 'Kuse-neshin'.

Guide de prononciation

UK /kuːˈse/

US /kuːˈseɪ/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: ku-SE.

Rime avec

بوسه (buse - kiss) توسه (tuse - alder tree) جوسه (juse - search/rare) خوسه (khuse - rare) دوسه (du-se - two or three) موسه (muse - rare) نوسه (nuse - rare) کوسه (kuse - repeated)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the 'u' too short (like 'ko-se').
Pronouncing the final 'e' as an 'a' (like 'ku-sa').
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Softening the 'k' sound too much.
Confusing the 's' with a 'sh' sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

The word is easy to read and recognize.

Écriture 2/5

Simple spelling with common Persian letters.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation of the long 'u' and final 'e' needs care.

Écoute 3/5

Can be confused with regional terms like 'Koli' in the south.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

دریا ماهی بزرگ آب حیوان

Apprends ensuite

نهنگ دلفین اقیانوس شکارچی محیط زیست

Avancé

غضروف اکوسیستم انقراض کوسه‌نشین خلیج فارس

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

کوسه سفید (White Shark) - the 'e' sound linking noun and adjective.

Pluralization with -ha

کوسه‌ها (Sharks) - standard plural for animals.

Object Marker 'ra'

من کوسه را دیدم (I saw the shark).

Preposition 'az' with 'tarsidan'

من از کوسه می‌ترسم (I am afraid of the shark).

Compound Verbs

حمله کردن (to attack) - کوسه حمله کرد.

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Exemples par niveau

این یک کوسه است.

This is a shark.

Basic 'Subject + Verb' structure.

کوسه بزرگ است.

The shark is big.

Using an adjective to describe the noun.

کوسه در دریا زندگی می‌کند.

The shark lives in the sea.

Present simple tense.

آیا کوسه خطرناک است؟

Is the shark dangerous?

Basic question formation.

من کوسه را دیدم.

I saw the shark.

Simple past tense with direct object marker 'ra'.

کوسه ماهی می‌خورد.

The shark eats fish.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

کوسه آبی است.

The shark is blue.

Color adjective.

کوسه دندان دارد.

The shark has teeth.

Using the verb 'to have' (dashtan).

کوسه‌ها دندان‌های خیلی تیزی دارند.

Sharks have very sharp teeth.

Plural noun and plural verb agreement.

ما در آکواریوم یک کوسه کوچک دیدیم.

We saw a small shark in the aquarium.

Compound sentence with prepositional phrase.

کوسه می‌تواند خیلی سریع شنا کند.

The shark can swim very fast.

Using the modal verb 'tavanestan' (can).

بسیاری از مردم از کوسه می‌ترسند.

Many people are afraid of sharks.

Using the preposition 'az' with the verb 'tarsidan'.

کوسه سفید یکی از معروف‌ترین کوسه‌ها است.

The white shark is one of the most famous sharks.

Superlative construction.

آیا در این ساحل کوسه وجود دارد؟

Are there sharks in this beach?

Using 'vojud dashtan' for existence.

کوسه یک نوع ماهی است.

A shark is a type of fish.

Classifying nouns.

من هرگز یک کوسه واقعی ندیده‌ام.

I have never seen a real shark.

Present perfect tense with 'hargez' (never).

فیلم‌های زیادی درباره حمله‌ی کوسه‌ها ساخته شده است.

Many movies have been made about shark attacks.

Passive voice construction.

کوسه‌ها برای حفظ تعادل اکوسیستم دریا حیاتی هستند.

Sharks are vital for maintaining the balance of the sea ecosystem.

Using infinitive phrases as objects.

اگر به کوسه نزدیک شوی، ممکن است خطرناک باشد.

If you get close to a shark, it might be dangerous.

First conditional sentence.

دانشمندان در حال مطالعه روی رفتار کوسه‌ها هستند.

Scientists are studying shark behavior.

Present continuous tense.

کوسه نهنگ بزرگترین ماهی در جهان است.

The whale shark is the largest fish in the world.

Compound noun and superlative.

او به دلیل نداشتن ریش، در محله به کوسه معروف بود.

Because of not having a beard, he was known as 'Kuse' in the neighborhood.

Using the secondary meaning of the word.

باید از کوسه‌ها در برابر صید غیرقانونی محافظت کنیم.

We must protect sharks against illegal fishing.

Using modal 'bayad' (must).

کوسه‌ها از طریق بوی خون، شکار خود را پیدا می‌کنند.

Sharks find their prey through the smell of blood.

Describing biological processes.

برخلاف تصور عموم، اکثر کوسه‌ها برای انسان بی‌خطر هستند.

Contrary to popular belief, most sharks are harmless to humans.

Using 'barkhalaf-e' (contrary to).

تخریب زیستگاه‌ها باعث کاهش جمعیت کوسه‌ها شده است.

Habitat destruction has led to a decrease in the shark population.

Cause and effect structure.

کوسه‌ها حس بویایی فوق‌العاده‌ای دارند که به آن‌ها در شکار کمک می‌کند.

Sharks have an extraordinary sense of smell that helps them in hunting.

Relative clauses with 'ke'.

در برخی فرهنگ‌ها، کوسه نماد قدرت و استقامت است.

In some cultures, the shark is a symbol of power and endurance.

Abstract noun usage.

کوسه ماهی‌گیران جنوب ایران با چالش‌های زیادی روبرو هستند.

Shark fishermen of Southern Iran face many challenges.

Complex Ezafe chains.

این مستند به بررسی زندگی اسرارآمیز کوسه‌های اعماق دریا می‌پردازد.

This documentary examines the mysterious life of deep-sea sharks.

Formal verb 'pardakhtan' meaning to address/examine.

او در دنیای تجارت مثل یک کوسه عمل می‌کند و هیچ رحمی ندارد.

He acts like a shark in the business world and has no mercy.

Metaphorical usage.

کوسه‌ها از قدیمی‌ترین موجودات روی زمین به شمار می‌روند.

Sharks are considered among the oldest creatures on Earth.

Formal expression 'be shomar raftan'.

نقش کوسه‌ها به عنوان شکارچیان رأس هرم غذایی در سلامت دریا غیرقابل انکار است.

The role of sharks as apex predators in the health of the sea is undeniable.

Academic register and complex syntax.

آیین کوسه‌نشین یکی از نمایش‌های سنتی و طنزآمیز در فرهنگ ایران باستان است.

The Kuse-neshin ritual is one of the traditional and humorous plays in ancient Iranian culture.

Historical and cultural terminology.

نوسانات در جمعیت کوسه‌ها می‌تواند پیامدهای فاجعه‌باری برای کل زنجیره غذایی داشته باشد.

Fluctuations in the shark population can have catastrophic consequences for the entire food chain.

Advanced scientific vocabulary.

در متون کلاسیک، واژه کوسه گاه برای توصیف ویژگی‌های ظاهری شخصیت‌های خاص به کار رفته است.

In classical texts, the word 'Kuse' was sometimes used to describe the physical characteristics of specific characters.

Literary analysis register.

استفاده از غضروف کوسه در صنایع داروسازی موضوعی بحث‌برانگیز در میان فعالان محیط زیست است.

The use of shark cartilage in the pharmaceutical industry is a controversial topic among environmental activists.

Discussing ethical and industrial issues.

کوسه‌ها با استفاده از گیرنده‌های الکتریکی، سیگنال‌های ضعیف طعمه خود را ردیابی می‌کنند.

Sharks track the weak signals of their prey using electrical receptors.

Technical biological description.

تکامل کوسه‌ها طی میلیون‌ها سال، آن‌ها را به ماشین‌های شکار بی‌نقصی تبدیل کرده است.

The evolution of sharks over millions of years has turned them into perfect hunting machines.

Abstract temporal expressions.

برخی از گونه‌های کوسه برای تنفس مجبورند مدام در حال حرکت باشند.

Some shark species are forced to move constantly in order to breathe.

Using 'majbur budan' (to be forced).

پژوهش‌های نوین بر این فرضیه استوار است که کوسه‌ها دارای توانمندی‌های شناختی پیچیده‌ای هستند.

Modern research is based on the hypothesis that sharks possess complex cognitive abilities.

Highly formal academic Persian.

حذف کوسه‌ها از زیست‌بوم‌های مرجانی منجر به رشد بی‌رویه گونه‌های میان‌رده و نابودی تنوع زیستی می‌گردد.

The removal of sharks from coral ecosystems leads to the excessive growth of mesopredators and the destruction of biodiversity.

Sophisticated environmental terminology.

در تذکره‌ها و کتب تاریخی، القاب مرتبط با 'کوسه' گاهی به طنز و گاهی به تحقیر به کار رفته‌اند.

In biographical and historical books, titles related to 'Kuse' were used sometimes humorously and sometimes disparagingly.

Philological analysis.

راهبردهای حفاظتی باید بر مبنای درک عمیق از الگوهای مهاجرتی کوسه‌ها تدوین شوند.

Conservation strategies must be formulated based on a deep understanding of shark migratory patterns.

Policy and strategy language.

کوسه‌ها به عنوان فسیل‌های زنده، بینش ارزشمندی درباره تاریخچه حیات در اقیانوس‌ها به ما می‌دهند.

As living fossils, sharks provide us with valuable insight into the history of life in the oceans.

Metaphorical scientific language.

تعاملات پیچیده میان کوسه‌ها و جوامع محلی صیاد در جنوب، نیازمند رویکردهای مدیریتی چندجانبه است.

The complex interactions between sharks and local fishing communities in the south require multi-faceted management approaches.

Sociopolitical and environmental synthesis.

سازگاری‌های فیزیولوژیک کوسه‌ها با محیط‌های با شوری بالا، نمونه‌ای شگفت‌انگیز از انتخاب طبیعی است.

The physiological adaptations of sharks to high-salinity environments are a wonderful example of natural selection.

Advanced biological theory.

تحلیل گفتمان پیرامون واژه 'کوسه' در ادبیات عامیانه، ابعاد پنهانی از ساختارهای جنسیتی را آشکار می‌سازد.

Analyzing the discourse surrounding the word 'Kuse' in folk literature reveals hidden dimensions of gender structures.

Literary and sociological theory.

Collocations courantes

کوسه سفید

حمله کوسه

دندان کوسه

صید کوسه

کوسه نهنگ

گوشت کوسه

شنا با کوسه‌ها

ترس از کوسه

حفاظت از کوسه‌ها

کوسه در اعماق

Phrases Courantes

مثل کوسه

— To act like a shark; usually implying ruthlessness or speed.

او در مسابقه مثل کوسه سریع بود.

کوسه جنوب

— Referring to sharks specifically in the Persian Gulf region.

کوسه جنوب ایران انواع مختلفی دارد.

دریای پر از کوسه

— A sea full of sharks; often used metaphorically for a dangerous environment.

وارد بازار بورس شدن مثل رفتن به دریای پر از کوسه است.

کوسه و ریش‌پهن

— A phrase referring to a mismatch or an odd combination of traits.

این دو نفر اصلاً به هم نمی‌آیند، مثل کوسه و ریش‌پهن هستند.

قلب کوسه

— Metaphor for someone very brave or cold-blooded.

او قلب کوسه دارد و از هیچ چیز نمی‌ترسد.

باله کوسه

— Shark fin; often mentioned in the context of shark fin soup or sightings.

باله کوسه از دور روی آب پیدا بود.

کوسه غول‌پیکر

— Giant shark; common in horror or adventure stories.

کوسه غول‌پیکر کشتی را تعقیب می‌کرد.

دنیای کوسه‌ها

— The world of sharks; referring to their ecosystem or a ruthless social world.

او به خوبی با دنیای کوسه‌ها آشناست.

کوسه گرسنه

— Hungry shark; used to describe someone very ambitious or greedy.

او مثل یک کوسه گرسنه به دنبال فرصت‌های جدید است.

نجات کوسه

— Saving a shark; common in environmental news.

عملیات نجات کوسه با موفقیت انجام شد.

Souvent confondu avec

کوسه vs نهنگ

A whale is a mammal, while a shark (کوسه) is a fish.

کوسه vs دلفین

Dolphins are friendly mammals; sharks are predatory fish.

کوسه vs کوزه

Kuze means 'pot' or 'jug'; sounds similar but spelled with 'Z'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"کوسه و ریش‌پهن"

— Referring to an impossible or highly unlikely combination of traits in one person.

اینکه او هم خسیس باشد و هم بخشنده، مثل کوسه و ریش‌پهن است.

Literary/Folk

"مثل کوسه در آب"

— To be perfectly suited to an environment; to be in one's element.

او در دادگاه مثل کوسه در آب است.

Colloquial

"کوسه شدن"

— To become ruthless or predatory in business.

او بعد از چند سال در این بازار، حسابی کوسه شده است.

Slang

"دندان کوسه نشان دادن"

— To show one's aggression or power to intimidate others.

مدیر جدید از همان روز اول دندان کوسه نشان داد.

Metaphorical

"در دهان کوسه رفتن"

— To take a huge, life-threatening risk.

سرمایه‌گذاری در آن شرکت مثل رفتن در دهان کوسه است.

Colloquial

"کوسه بخت"

— A rare term for someone who is unlucky (metaphorical and obscure).

او همیشه خودش را کوسه بخت می‌نامد.

Archaic

"اشک کوسه"

— Similar to 'crocodile tears'; false sympathy (less common than crocodile).

به اشک کوسه او باور نکن.

Rare

"کوسه‌وار زندگی کردن"

— To live a life of constant movement and predation.

او کوسه‌وار زندگی می‌کند و هیچ‌جا آرام نمی‌گیرد.

Literary

"کوسه صفت"

— Having the nature of a shark; ruthless.

از آن آدم کوسه صفت دوری کن.

Formal/Literary

"کوسه رقصانی"

— A term sometimes used for the Kuse-neshin ceremony or similar folk antics.

در روستا مراسم کوسه رقصانی برپا بود.

Folk

Facile à confondre

کوسه vs کوزه

Similar sound.

Kuze is a ceramic pot; Kuse is a shark. The 's' vs 'z' sound is the key.

کوزه را پر از آب کرد (He filled the pot with water).

کوسه vs گوسه

Spelling mistake.

Guse is not a standard word; Kuse (with Kaf) is correct.

N/A

کوسه vs کوشه

Similar sound.

Kushe is not a common word; Kuse is shark.

N/A

کوسه vs بوسه

Rhyme.

Buse means 'kiss'.

او یک بوسه به مادرش داد.

کوسه vs توسه

Rhyme.

Tuse is a type of tree.

درخت توسه در شمال می‌روید.

Structures de phrases

این [Noun] است.

این کوسه است.

[Noun] در [Place] زندگی می‌کند.

کوسه در دریا زندگی می‌کند.

من از [Noun] می‌ترسم.

من از کوسه می‌ترسم.

[Noun] دارای [Feature] است.

کوسه دارای دندان‌های تیز است.

اگر [Condition]، آنگاه [Result].

اگر کوسه حمله کند، خطرناک است.

[Noun] به عنوان [Role] شناخته می‌شود.

کوسه به عنوان شکارچی دریا شناخته می‌شود.

با توجه به [Fact]، [Conclusion].

با توجه به کاهش تعداد کوسه‌ها، اکوسیستم در خطر است.

تحلیل [Topic] نشان می‌دهد که [Finding].

تحلیل رفتار کوسه‌ها نشان می‌دهد که آن‌ها باهوش هستند.

Famille de mots

Noms

کوسه (shark)

کوسه‌ماهی (shark-fish)

کوسه‌سانیان (Selachimorpha)

Verbes

کوسه شدن (to become predatory/beardless)

Adjectifs

کوسه‌مانند (shark-like)

کوسه‌صفت (shark-natured)

Apparenté

دریا (sea)

ماهی (fish)

باله (fin)

شکارچی (predator)

غضروف (cartilage)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in nature, coastal regions, and specific metaphors.

Erreurs courantes

Confusing کوسه with نهنگ. → کوسه (Shark), نهنگ (Whale).
They are different animals; one is a fish, the other is a mammal.
Using 'کوسه' for 'dolphin'. → دلفین (Dolphin).
Dolphins are not sharks. This is a common vocabulary mix-up.
Pronouncing it as 'ko-se'. → Koo-se.
The 'vav' represents a long 'u' sound in this word.
Calling a friend 'کوسه' without knowing the context. → Use 'بی‌ریش' if you must describe them.
It can be seen as an insult or a comment on their lack of masculinity in some contexts.
Spelling it with 'Gaf' (گوسه). → کوسه.
The word starts with the letter Kaf (ک).

Astuces

Learn the species

Try learning 'کوسه ببری' (Tiger Shark) and 'کوسه سرچکشی' (Hammerhead) to expand your marine vocabulary.

Explore the play

Search for 'Kuse-neshin' to see how this word is used in traditional Iranian folk performances.

Ezafe usage

Always remember the Ezafe sound '-e' when adding an adjective: 'کوسه ی بزرگ' (kuse-ye bozorg).

Long 'U'

Make sure you don't say 'ko-se'; it must be a long 'koo' sound.

Regional terms

If you are in the south, listen for the word 'Koli' which also means shark.

Business shark

Use 'کوسه' to describe a very successful but tough person in a competitive field.

Documentaries

Watch Persian-dubbed nature documentaries to hear the word used in a scientific context.

Spelling

Remember it's Kaf (ک), not Gaf (گ). 'Guse' is not a word.

Beach warnings

Learn the phrase 'خطر کوسه' (Shark danger) if you plan to swim in the Persian Gulf.

Shark vs Whale

Always keep 'کوسه' and 'نهنگ' separate in your mind to avoid basic errors.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Cool Shark' -> 'Koo-Seh'. Imagine a shark wearing sunglasses and being 'cool' in the water.

Association visuelle

Visualize a giant shark with a very smooth face (no beard!), linking the two meanings of the word together.

Word Web

دریا اقیانوس ماهی خطرناک دندان باله شکار جنوب

Défi

Try to write a three-sentence story using 'کوسه' to mean both a shark and a beardless man in the same paragraph.

Origine du mot

The word 'کوسه' has roots in Middle Persian (Pahlavi). It has been part of the Persian language for over a millennium, appearing in early medical and natural history texts. The dual meaning (shark and beardless) has existed since classical times.

Sens originel : The original meaning likely referred to the physical trait of being beardless, which was then applied to the shark due to its smooth-looking skin compared to other fish or land animals.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

Contexte culturel

Calling a person 'کوسه' can be seen as mocking their lack of facial hair, which is traditionally a sign of maturity in some Iranian subcultures. Use with caution.

English speakers primarily associate sharks with danger or movies. In Persian, the word has a broader cultural range including physical descriptions of people.

The movie 'Jaws' (آرواره‌ها) is the most famous cultural reference for sharks in Iran. The 'Kuse-neshin' folk play described by historians like Abu Rayhan al-Biruni. Documentaries by Iranian filmmakers about the marine life of the Persian Gulf.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At the Beach

آیا اینجا کوسه دارد؟
مراقب کوسه‌ها باشید.
کوسه دیدی فرار کن!
ساحل امن است.

Watching a Documentary

این کوسه خیلی بزرگ است.
کوسه‌ها چطور شکار می‌کنند؟
دندان‌های کوسه را ببین.
آن‌ها در اعماق زندگی می‌کنند.

In a Biology Class

کوسه یک ماهی غضروفی است.
آناتومی کوسه پیچیده است.
کوسه‌ها ریه ندارند.
تولید مثل کوسه‌ها متفاوت است.

Discussing Business

او یک کوسه واقعی است.
در این بازار باید کوسه باشی.
کوسه‌ها ضعیف‌ها را می‌خورند.
رقابت با کوسه‌ها سخت است.

Iranian Folklore

مراسم کوسه‌نشین چیست؟
کوسه در داستان‌های قدیمی.
نمایش طنز کوسه.
فرهنگ جنوب و کوسه.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا تا به حال یک کوسه واقعی از نزدیک دیده‌ای؟"

"به نظر تو کوسه‌ها حیوانات ترسناکی هستند یا فقط سوءتفاهم شده؟"

"فیلم آرواره‌ها (Jaws) را دیده‌ای؟ نظرت درباره آن چیست؟"

"چرا حفاظت از کوسه‌ها برای اقیانوس مهم است؟"

"در کشور تو، مردم درباره کوسه‌ها چه فکر می‌کنند؟"

Sujets d'écriture

تصور کن یک غواص هستی و با یک کوسه بزرگ روبرو می‌شوی. چه حسی داری؟

درباره اهمیت کوسه‌ها در زنجیره غذایی دریا بنویس.

آیا فکر می‌کنی انسان‌ها باید از کوسه‌ها بترسند یا کوسه‌ها از انسان‌ها؟ چرا؟

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کوسه‌ای بنویس که نمی‌خواست شکارچی باشد.

تفاوت‌های بین یک کوسه و یک نهنگ را توضیح بده.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, it also means a beardless man in a cultural and historical context, though 'shark' is the most common modern meaning.

Yes, they are very common in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, where many different species live.

Both are correct. 'کوسه' is more common in speech, while 'کوسه‌ماهی' is slightly more formal or descriptive.

Generally no, as it is considered non-halal by many Islamic scholars, but it is sometimes used for industrial purposes or discussed in regional contexts.

The plural is 'کوسه‌ها' (kuse-ha).

Yes, it is 'کوسه سفید بزرگ' (kuse-ye sefid-e bozorg).

It refers to the sharks of the Southern Iranian waters, often with a cultural or regional connotation.

Like in the West, it can evoke fear because of movies, but it is also a subject of scientific interest and environmental concern.

It is 'حمله کوسه' (hamle-ye kuse).

Yes, but be careful. It can mean they are ruthless in business or that they have no beard. Both can be sensitive depending on the context.

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