نفوذ کردن en 30 secondes
- Physical: Water or air passing through a barrier.
- Social: Deeply influencing someone's thoughts or feelings.
- Security: Infiltrating a system or organization secretly.
- Science: Permeating a substance or membrane.
The Persian verb نفوذ کردن (Nofuz kardan) is a multifaceted term that bridges the physical and the abstract. Derived from the Arabic root 'N-F-DH', which relates to passing through or piercing, it combined with the Persian light verb 'kardan' (to do/make) to form a powerhouse of expression. In its most literal sense, it describes the physical movement of a substance through a porous medium, such as water seeping into soil or cold air entering a room through a crack. However, its utility in modern Persian extends far beyond physics.
- Physical Penetration
- The act of a liquid, gas, or solid object entering or passing through a barrier. For example, rain penetrating a roof.
- Social & Psychological Influence
- The capacity to affect the character, development, or behavior of someone or something. It implies a deep, often subtle, impact.
- Strategic Infiltration
- In political or military contexts, it refers to gaining access to an organization or territory secretly or gradually.
«آب به آرامی در خاک نفوذ کرد و به ریشهها رسید.»
When we speak of influence, نفوذ کردن suggests a level of depth that other verbs like 'ta'sir gozashtan' might lack. While 'ta'sir' is a general effect, 'nofuz' implies that the influence has successfully entered the inner workings of the subject. It is the difference between a surface scratch and a deep incision. In the realm of technology, it is used to describe hackers 'penetrating' a system or a signal 'permeating' a building.
«افکار او در ذهن جوانان نفوذ کرده است.»
Using نفوذ کردن correctly requires attention to its prepositions. In Persian, this verb most frequently pairs with the prepositions در (dar - in/into) or به (be - to/into). The choice often depends on whether you are emphasizing the destination or the medium being entered.
- Structure: [Subject] + [Preposition] + [Object] + نفوذ کردن
- Example: رطوبت در دیوار نفوذ کرد (Moisture penetrated the wall).
In formal writing, you might encounter the noun form نفوذ used with other light verbs like داشتن (to have) to indicate 'having influence'. However, the active verb نفوذ کردن is dynamic. It describes the *process* of entering or influencing. If you are describing a hacker, you would say هکر به شبکه نفوذ کرد. If you are describing a leader's charisma, you might say کلام او در دلها نفوذ میکند (His words penetrate hearts).
«سرمای زمستان به استخوانهایمان نفوذ میکرد.»
You will encounter نفوذ کردن in a variety of specialized and everyday contexts. Understanding these domains helps in grasping the nuances of the word.
- Political News: Often used to describe foreign influence or intelligence infiltration. "نفوذ دشمن" (Enemy infiltration) is a common phrase in Iranian media.
- Scientific Journals: In chemistry or physics, it describes permeability. "قابلیت نفوذ" (Permeability) is a key term when discussing membranes or soil.
- Cybersecurity: The standard term for 'unauthorized access' or 'breach'. "نفوذ به سامانه" (Penetrating the system).
- Literature & Poetry: Used metaphorically to describe love, sorrow, or wisdom entering the soul.
«جاسوس توانست به بالاترین سطوح دولتی نفوذ کند.»
In daily conversation, it's less common for mundane things like 'the water went into the cup' (where you'd use 'rikhtan'), but very common for 'the water leaked through the ceiling'. It carries a sense of 'going where you aren't necessarily supposed to go' or 'going deep'.
Learners often confuse نفوذ کردن with تاثیر گذاشتن (to influence/affect). While they are related, they are not interchangeable.
- Mistake 1: Using it for general effects
- If a movie makes you sad, you say it 'ta'sir gozasht'. You don't usually say it 'nofuz kard' unless the movie's message fundamentally changed your worldview from the inside out.
- Mistake 2: Missing the Preposition
- Saying "او من را نفوذ کرد" is incorrect. You must say "او در من نفوذ کرد". The verb requires 'dar' or 'be'.
«غلط: او به من نفوذ کرد تا نمره بگیرد. (Incorrect context)
درست: او روی معلم تاثیر گذاشت تا نمره بگیرد.»
To enrich your vocabulary, consider these synonyms and related terms that share the semantic space of 'penetration' and 'influence'.
- رخنه کردن (Rekhne kardan)
- To find a gap or a hole to enter. This is very close to 'nofuz' but implies finding a weakness or a crack (physical or metaphorical).
- رسوخ کردن (Rosukh kardan)
- To become deeply embedded or ingrained. Often used for beliefs or long-standing traditions that have 'seeped' into a culture.
- سرایت کردن (Serāyat kardan)
- To spread, like a disease or a fire. It implies moving from one person/place to another.
- وارد شدن (Vāred shodan)
- The general verb for 'to enter'. Use this for walking into a room. Use 'nofuz' for something entering a barrier.
«فساد در لایههای مختلف سازمان رسوخ کرده بود.»
How Formal Is It?
Niveau de difficulté
Grammaire à connaître
Light Verb Constructions
Indirect Objects with Prepositions
Present Perfect Tense for ongoing influence
Nominalization of compound verbs
Passive voice with 'nofuz shodan' (rare but possible)
Exemples par niveau
آب در کفش من نفوذ کرد.
Water penetrated into my shoes.
Simple past tense.
باران به خانه نفوذ میکند.
Rain is penetrating into the house.
Present continuous sense.
هوا از پنجره نفوذ کرد.
Air penetrated through the window.
Preposition 'az' used for source.
رنگ در کاغذ نفوذ میکند.
The ink/color penetrates the paper.
Subject + dar + Object.
سرما نفوذ کرد.
The cold penetrated.
Intransitive usage.
نور به اتاق نفوذ کرد.
Light penetrated into the room.
Be + noun.
روغن در لباس نفوذ کرد.
Oil penetrated the clothes.
Past tense.
گرد و غبار نفوذ میکند.
Dust penetrates.
General fact.
بوی عطر در کل اتاق نفوذ کرد.
The scent of perfume permeated the whole room.
Abstract physical movement.
رطوبت به دیوارها نفوذ کرده است.
Moisture has penetrated the walls.
Present perfect.
دشمن به قلعه نفوذ کرد.
The enemy infiltrated the castle.
Military context.
صدای موسیقی به طبقه بالا نفوذ کرد.
The sound of music penetrated to the upper floor.
Sensory penetration.
دود به ریهها نفوذ میکند.
Smoke penetrates the lungs.
Biological context.
آب دریا به قایق نفوذ کرد.
Sea water penetrated the boat.
Physical barrier.
سرما به استخوانم نفوذ کرد.
The cold penetrated my bones.
Idiomatic physical.
حشرات به انبار نفوذ کردند.
Insects infiltrated the warehouse.
Plural subject.
او توانست در دل مردم نفوذ کند.
He managed to win over (penetrate) people's hearts.
Metaphorical influence.
هکر به سیستم بانکی نفوذ کرد.
The hacker penetrated the banking system.
Cybersecurity context.
فرهنگ غرب در جامعه نفوذ کرده است.
Western culture has influenced (penetrated) the society.
Sociological context.
این ایده در ذهن من نفوذ کرد.
This idea penetrated my mind.
Psychological usage.
تبلیغات در انتخابهای ما نفوذ میکنند.
Advertisements influence our choices.
Present tense plural.
گروه کوچکی به سازمان نفوذ کردند.
A small group infiltrated the organization.
Organizational context.
نگاه او در روح من نفوذ کرد.
His gaze penetrated my soul.
Poetic/Literary.
آلودگی به آبهای زیرزمینی نفوذ کرد.
Pollution penetrated the groundwater.
Environmental context.
شرکت ما میخواهد در بازارهای جهانی نفوذ کند.
Our company wants to penetrate global markets.
Business terminology.
افکار افراطی در برخی جوانان نفوذ کرده است.
Extremist thoughts have influenced some youths.
Social issues.
پرتوهای ایکس به بدن نفوذ میکنند.
X-rays penetrate the body.
Scientific context.
فساد در سیستم اداری نفوذ کرده بود.
Corruption had permeated the administrative system.
Past perfect.
جاسوس به جلسات محرمانه نفوذ کرد.
The spy infiltrated the confidential meetings.
Espionage.
این دارو به سرعت در خون نفوذ میکند.
This medicine penetrates the blood quickly.
Medical context.
موسیقی او در تمام نسلها نفوذ کرده است.
His music has reached/influenced all generations.
Cultural impact.
نفوذ کردن در یک بازار رقابتی دشوار است.
Penetrating a competitive market is difficult.
Gerund usage.
قدرت نرم ابزاری برای نفوذ در کشورهای دیگر است.
Soft power is a tool for influencing other countries.
Political science.
ایدئولوژی حاکم در تمام ارکان دولت نفوذ کرده است.
The ruling ideology has permeated all pillars of the state.
Formal register.
او با ذکاوت خود در صفوف دشمن نفوذ کرد.
With his wit, he infiltrated the enemy ranks.
Narrative style.
فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم در ادبیات معاصر نفوذ کرده است.
Existentialist philosophy has permeated contemporary literature.
Academic context.
تکنولوژی در خصوصیترین بخشهای زندگی ما نفوذ کرده است.
Technology has penetrated the most private parts of our lives.
Societal critique.
سرمایه خارجی به تدریج در اقتصاد کشور نفوذ کرد.
Foreign capital gradually penetrated the country's economy.
Economic history.
این پارچه اجازه نمیدهد آب به داخل نفوذ کند.
This fabric does not allow water to penetrate inside.
Technical description.
نفوذ در شبکههای پیچیده تروریستی زمانبر است.
Infiltrating complex terrorist networks is time-consuming.
Security analysis.
حقیقت در لایههای پنهان آگاهی نفوذ میکند.
Truth penetrates the hidden layers of consciousness.
Metaphysical.
نفوذ کلام او ناشی از صداقت درونیاش بود.
The influence (penetration) of his words stemmed from his inner sincerity.
Nominalized usage.
استعمار نو از طریق نفوذ فرهنگی عمل میکند.
Neo-colonialism operates through cultural infiltration.
Post-colonial theory.
چگونه میتوان در ساختارهای صلب قدرت نفوذ کرد؟
How can one penetrate rigid power structures?
Rhetorical question.
این نظریه در بنمایههای تفکر مدرن نفوذ کرده است.
This theory has permeated the underpinnings of modern thought.
Intellectual history.
نفوذ متقابل فرهنگها به غنای بشری میافزاید.
The mutual permeation of cultures adds to human richness.
Complex compound.
ذرات زیراتمی به راحتی از ماده نفوذ میکنند.
Subatomic particles easily penetrate through matter.
Quantum physics.
نفوذ در ساحت قدسی هنر نیازمند ریاضت است.
Penetrating the sacred realm of art requires asceticism.
High literary.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
Souvent confondu avec
Expressions idiomatiques
Facile à confondre
Structures de phrases
Comment l'utiliser
It implies a certain level of resistance was overcome.
High in news and formal education; moderate in daily speech.
- Using 'nofuz kardan' without a preposition.
- Confusing 'nofuz' with 'nufus' (which means population).
- Using it for simple entry (like walking through a door).
- Using it for 'influence' when 'ta'sir' is more appropriate for surface-level effects.
- Misspelling the 'z' sound (it uses 'Zāl' in Arabic but 'Zā' in some related words; here it is 'Zā' - نفوذ).
Astuces
Word Pairing
Always pair 'nofuz' with 'ghodrat' (power) to describe someone's clout.
Compound Verb
Remember that 'kardan' changes for tense, but 'nofuz' stays the same.
Formal Writing
Use 'nofuz-e farhangi' when discussing globalization.
News
When you hear 'nofuzi' on the news, it means 'a mole' or 'spy'.
Vowel Sound
The 'u' in 'nofuz' is long, like 'boot'.
Influence
To say someone is influential, say 'u dārāye nofuz ast'.
Permeability
In biology, use it for cell membrane transport.
Security
Use 'nofuz-gar' for an intruder or hacker.
Poetry
Use it to describe love 'nofuz dar jān' (penetrating the soul).
Home Maintenance
Use it to describe dampness in walls.
Mémorise-le
Origine du mot
Arabic root ن-ف-ذ (N-F-DH) meaning to pass through, pierce, or be effective.
Contexte culturel
Respect for those who have 'nofuz' (clout/influence) in the community.
Used frequently in state media regarding security and sovereignty.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Amorces de conversation
"چطور میتوان در بازار ایران نفوذ کرد؟"
"آیا تکنولوژی بیش از حد در زندگی ما نفوذ کرده؟"
"کدام نویسنده بیشترین نفوذ را در ذهن شما داشته؟"
"چگونه جلوی نفوذ رطوبت به خانه را بگیریم؟"
"آیا موسیقی میتواند در روح انسان نفوذ کند؟"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time someone's words deeply influenced (nofuz) you.
Write about the dangers of digital infiltration in modern society.
How does water penetrate a dry desert landscape after rain?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsNo, it can be positive, like a kind word penetrating a hard heart or water penetrating dry soil.
Only if they are sneaking in or entering where they shouldn't; otherwise, use 'vared shodan'.
'Rosukh' is even deeper and implies becoming a permanent part of the structure.
Yes, it is the standard word for 'penetration testing' (āzmun-e nofuz).
Yes, light penetrating through a curtain or glass.
You can say 'gheyr-e ghābel-e nofuz' or 'zed-de āb'.
It is used in both formal and informal contexts, but more frequent in formal writing.
Usually 'dar' for abstract/internal and 'be' for physical/directional.
Yes, if water is penetrating through a ceiling, it functions like 'leak'.
Yes, 'nofuz' (influence/penetration).
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Perfect score!
Summary
Nofuz kardan is more than just 'entering'; it implies a deep, structural, or subtle movement into a space, whether that space is a physical wall, a digital network, or a human heart.
- Physical: Water or air passing through a barrier.
- Social: Deeply influencing someone's thoughts or feelings.
- Security: Infiltrating a system or organization secretly.
- Science: Permeating a substance or membrane.
Word Pairing
Always pair 'nofuz' with 'ghodrat' (power) to describe someone's clout.
Compound Verb
Remember that 'kardan' changes for tense, but 'nofuz' stays the same.
Formal Writing
Use 'nofuz-e farhangi' when discussing globalization.
News
When you hear 'nofuzi' on the news, it means 'a mole' or 'spy'.
Exemple
او سعی کرد بر تصمیمات گروه نفوذ کند.
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A2Les membres d'un groupe ou les membres du corps.
عادالانه
B1D'une manière juste et équitable. 'Le juge a agi de manière عادلانه.'
عادل
B1Basé sur ce qui est juste ou raisonnable ; juste et équitable.
عادلانه
A2Traitant les gens de manière égale selon les règles ou la loi. Une décision équitable est essentielle pour la paix sociale.
اعتماد به نفس
B1Self-confident; feeling trust in one's abilities, qualities, and judgment.
اعتراض
B1Une protestation ou une objection formelle.
اعتراض کردن
A1Exprimer son désaccord ou son mécontentement ; protester contre une décision.
اعتیاد
B1L'addiction est une dépendance à une substance ou à une activité.
اعتیاد پیدا کردن
B1Devenir dépendant; développer une addiction à une substance ou une activité. 'Il a développé une addiction aux jeux vidéo.'
عدالت
A1La justice est le principe moral qui exige le respect du droit et de l'équité.
