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A1 noun #2,000 le plus courant 6 min de lecture

شغل

shoghl
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces شغل en 30 secondes
Explication شغل in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'شغل' (shoghl) is introduced as a basic noun to identify common professions. Learners focus on simple sentences like 'What is your job?' (شغل شما چیست؟) and 'My job is teacher' (شغل من معلم است). The goal is to build a foundation for basic social introductions. At this stage, the word is used concretely to name a person's role in society. Learners are taught to pair 'shoghl' with simple possessive pronouns (my, your, his/her) and the verb 'to be' (ast/hast). The focus is on vocabulary acquisition of job titles (doctor, nurse, student) rather than complex sentence structures. It's the 'label' phase of learning.
At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'شغل' in the context of daily routines and simple preferences. They can describe what they do in their job using basic verbs. For example, 'I like my job' (من شغلم را دوست دارم) or 'I am looking for a job' (من دنبال شغل می‌گردم). The introduction of the object marker 'rā' (را) allows for more dynamic sentences. Learners also start to distinguish between 'shoghl' (the profession) and 'kār' (the activity). They can participate in short conversations about why they chose a certain job, using simple connectors like 'because' (chon).
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At the B1 level, the usage of 'شغل' becomes more descriptive. Learners can discuss job responsibilities, working conditions, and career aspirations. They start using compound adjectives like 'شغل پاره‌وقت' (part-time job) or 'شغل تمام‌وقت' (full-time job). The grammar becomes more complex with the use of the subjunctive mood to express desires, such as 'I want to find a better job' (می‌خواهم شغل بهتری پیدا کنم). Learners can also handle plural forms more naturally, using 'شغل‌ها' in conversation and beginning to recognize 'مشاغل' in reading materials like simple news articles about the economy.
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At the B2 level, 'شغل' is used in the context of professional development, the labor market, and social issues. Learners can discuss topics like 'job satisfaction' (رضایت شغلی) and 'occupational hazards' (خطرات شغلی). They are expected to use the formal plural 'مشاغل' correctly in written essays. The word appears in more abstract discussions about the balance between work and life. Learners can understand and use idiomatic expressions or more formal collocations like 'ایجاد شغل' (job creation) and 'امنیت شغلی' (job security). They can argue for or against certain career paths using a wider range of vocabulary.
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At the C1 level, 'شغل' is integrated into sophisticated discourse regarding sociology, economics, and psychology. Learners can analyze the 'identity' aspect of an occupation and its impact on mental health. They use the word in complex academic structures, such as 'The evolution of occupations in the digital age' (تحول مشاغل در عصر دیجیتال). The nuance between 'شغل', 'حرفه', and 'تخصص' is mastered. Learners can write detailed reports or give presentations on labor laws, employment contracts, and the philosophical meaning of work in different cultures, using 'شغل' as a pivot for deeper societal analysis.
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At the C2 level, 'شغل' is handled with native-like precision and stylistic flair. The learner can appreciate and use the word in literary, legal, and highly technical contexts. They can discuss the 'deconstruction of traditional occupations' or the 'existential weight of one's vocation' using poetic or highly formal language. At this level, the word is not just a label for a job but a concept explored through historical etymology and comparative linguistics. The learner can navigate the most subtle register shifts, from the slang of the workplace to the highest levels of government policy regarding 'مشاغل خانگی' (home-based businesses) or 'کارآفرینی' (entrepreneurship).
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

شغل en 30 secondes

  • Shoghl means job or profession.
  • It is a formal noun for one's career.
  • Commonly used in social introductions.
  • Distinguished from 'kar' (general work).

The Persian word شغل (pronounced /ʃoɢl/) is a foundational noun in the Persian language, primarily used to denote one's profession, vocation, or regular employment. Derived from the Arabic root sh-gh-l, which relates to being occupied or busy, it has evolved in modern Persian to specifically signify the formal role one occupies in the labor market. Unlike the more general term کار (kār), which can mean any type of work, task, or activity, شغل carries a weight of professional identity and institutional recognition.

Formal Definition
A specific role or position of employment that is typically paid and requires a set of skills or qualifications.
Sociological Nuance
In Iranian culture, one's shoghl is often a primary marker of social status and is one of the first questions asked in formal and semi-formal introductions.
Grammatical Function
It functions as a simple noun and can be pluralized as شغل‌ها (shoghl-hā) in common speech or مشاغل (mashāghel) in formal and administrative contexts.

«شغل شما چیست؟»

— Common inquiry: "What is your job?"

When we look at the word's usage across different historical periods of the Persian language, we see a shift from the general sense of 'preoccupation' to the modern 'career.' In classical poetry, you might find it used to describe the 'work of the heart' or being 'occupied with the beloved,' but in a 21st-century Tehran office, it is strictly about your paycheck and your title. Understanding شغل is essential for anyone navigating the Persian-speaking world, as it opens doors to conversations about lifestyle, education, and social standing.

پیدا کردن یک شغل مناسب در این بازار کار دشوار است.

— "Finding a suitable job in this labor market is difficult."

Furthermore, the word is often paired with adjectives to describe the nature of the work. For instance, شغل آزاد (shoghl-e āzād) refers to self-employment or business ownership, a highly respected path in the Persian bazaar culture. Conversely, شغل دولتی (shoghl-e dowlati) refers to government jobs, which are traditionally sought after for their stability and benefits. This distinction highlights how the word serves as a gateway to understanding the economic structure of Persian-speaking societies.

Using شغل correctly involves understanding its relationship with various verbs and its placement in sentence structures. In Persian, the most common way to ask someone about their profession is using the structure [Subject] + [Shoghl] + [Possessive] + [Verb]. For example, "شغل شما چیست؟" (What is your job?).

Common Verb Pairings
  • داشتن (To have): Used to state one's current employment.
  • انتخاب کردن (To choose): Used when discussing career paths.
  • عوض کردن (To change): Used when switching careers.
  • دنبال ... گشتن (To look for): Used during job hunts.

او به دنبال یک شغل پاره‌وقت می‌گردد.

— "He is looking for a part-time job."

One must be careful not to confuse شغل with کار. While you can say "من کار دارم" (I have work/tasks to do), saying "من شغل دارم" specifically means you are employed. If you are at the office and busy, you use kār. If you are describing your life path, you use shoghl. This distinction is vital for sounding natural in Persian.

In more advanced usage, شغل appears in complex grammatical constructions involving the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound connecting words). For example, شغلِ موردِ علاقه (shoghl-e mowred-e alāghe) means 'favorite job' or 'dream job.' Mastering these clusters allows for more descriptive and nuanced communication about one's professional aspirations and realities.

The word شغل is ubiquitous in Persian-speaking environments, appearing in contexts ranging from the most formal bureaucratic settings to casual family gatherings. Understanding where you will encounter this word helps in preparing for real-world interactions.

1. Formal Interviews and Applications
In any job interview (مصاحبه شغلی - mosāhebe-ye shoghli), the word is central. You will see it on forms under the heading 'Occupation' or 'Current Position.'
2. News and Economic Reports
News anchors frequently discuss ایجاد شغل (job creation) or نرخ بیکاری (unemployment rate), where شغل is the core unit of measurement.
3. Social Introductions
In Iran, it is common for new acquaintances to ask, "شغل شما چیه؟" (What's your job?) as a way to build a profile of who you are.

دولت وعده داده است که هزاران شغل جدید ایجاد کند.

— "The government has promised to create thousands of new jobs."

You will also hear it in educational settings. Teachers ask students, "دوست دارید در آینده چه شغلی داشته باشید؟" (What job would you like to have in the future?). This makes it one of the first abstract nouns Persian children learn. In the digital age, LinkedIn and other professional networking sites in Persian are filled with the word شغل, often appearing in buttons like 'Job Search' (جستجوی شغل).

Even though شغل is an A1-level word, its nuances can lead to common errors for English speakers and other learners. The most frequent mistake is the over-extension of the word to mean any kind of 'work.'

Mistake 1: Confusing 'Shoghl' with 'Kar'
English uses 'work' for both a job and a task. Persian does not.
Incorrect: من الان شغل دارم. (I have a job right now - when you mean you are busy).
Correct: من الان کار دارم. (I have work to do).
Mistake 2: Using the wrong plural in casual speech
Using مشاغل (mashāghel) in a casual conversation with friends can sound overly robotic or academic. Stick to شغل‌ها (shoghl-hā) for daily talk.

اشتباه: «من به شغل می‌روم.»
درست: «من به سرِ کار می‌روم.»

— You don't "go to job"; you "go to work" (sar-e kār).

Another subtle mistake involves the verb 'to work.' In English, we say "I work as a teacher." In Persian, you don't usually say "من به عنوان معلم شغل دارم" (though grammatically possible, it's clunky). Instead, you say "من معلم هستم" (I am a teacher) or "شغل من معلمی است" (My job is teaching). The word شغل is a noun, not a verb, so you cannot 'shoghl' something.

To truly master the concept of 'occupation' in Persian, one must understand the constellation of words that surround شغل. Each has a specific flavor and context.

1. کار (Kār)
The most general term. It covers everything from a career to washing the dishes. If shoghl is the 'what,' kār is the 'doing.'
2. حرفه (Herfeh)
Means 'profession' or 'craft.' It implies a high level of skill or specialized training. Often used in the context of 'technical and vocational' (فنی و حرفه‌ای).
3. پیشه (Pisheh)
A more literary or old-fashioned word for occupation. You will find this in poetry or historical texts. It suggests a calling or a traditional trade.
4. کسب و کار (Kasb-o-kār)
Literally 'acquisition and work,' this is the modern Persian term for 'Business.'

هر کسی را بهر کاری ساختند.

— Rumi: "Everyone was made for some [specific] work." (Using kār in a sense close to shoghl).

While شغل is the standard A1 word, moving toward حرفه or تخصص (takhassos - expertise) marks the transition to intermediate and advanced levels. Understanding these synonyms allows you to vary your vocabulary and sound more like a native speaker who can distinguish between a mere job and a lifelong vocation.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe construction

Compound nouns

Possessive suffixes

Object marker 'rā'

Subjunctive for desires

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Exemples par niveau

1

شغل شما چیست؟

What is your job?

Simple question structure with 'chist' (is what).

2

شغل من معلمی است.

My job is teaching.

Possessive 'man' attached to 'shoghl'.

3

او شغل خوبی دارد.

He/She has a good job.

Adjective 'khub' follows the noun.

4

آیا شما شغل دارید؟

Do you have a job?

Use of 'āyā' for formal questions.

5

پدرم شغل سختی دارد.

My father has a hard job.

Adjective 'sakht' meaning hard/difficult.

6

این شغل من است.

This is my job.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in' (this).

7

شغل برادرم پزشکی است.

My brother's job is medicine (being a doctor).

Ezafe construction connecting brother and job.

8

من یک شغل جدید می‌خواهم.

I want a new job.

Verb 'mikhāham' (I want) at the end.

1

من شغلم را خیلی دوست دارم.

I like my job very much.

Object marker 'rā' after 'shoghlam'.

2

او هر روز به شغلش فکر می‌کند.

He thinks about his job every day.

Prepositional phrase 'be shoghlesh'.

3

ما به دنبال یک شغل پاره‌وقت هستیم.

We are looking for a part-time job.

Compound adjective 'pāre-vaqt'.

4

شغل او در بیمارستان است.

His/Her job is in the hospital.

Preposition 'dar' (in).

5

آیا این شغل برای شما مناسب است؟

Is this job suitable for you?

Adjective 'monāseb' (suitable).

6

او شغلش را عوض کرد.

He changed his job.

Past tense verb 'avaz kard'.

7

شغل‌های زیادی در این شهر وجود دارد.

There are many jobs in this city.

Plural 'shoghl-hā'.

8

من برای این شغل رزومه فرستادم.

I sent a resume for this job.

Preposition 'barāye' (for).

1

رضایت شغلی برای من بسیار مهم است.

Job satisfaction is very important to me.

Compound noun 'rezāyat-e shoghli'.

2

او در مورد شغل آینده‌اش نگران است.

He is worried about his future job.

Adjective 'āyandeh' (future).

3

پیدا کردن شغل در این شرایط اقتصادی سخت است.

Finding a job in these economic conditions is hard.

Gerund 'peydā kardan' as subject.

4

او به عنوان یک مهندس شغل پیدا کرد.

He found a job as an engineer.

Phrase 'be onvān-e' (as a).

5

این شغل مزایای خوبی دارد.

This job has good benefits.

Noun 'mazāyā' (benefits).

6

شغل او نیاز به مهارت‌های زیادی دارد.

His job requires many skills.

Verb 'niyāz dāshtan' (to need).

7

من می‌خواهم شغلی داشته باشم که به مردم کمک کند.

I want to have a job that helps people.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

8

او از شغل قبلی‌اش استعفا داد.

He resigned from his previous job.

Verb 'este'fā dādan'.

1

امنیت شغلی یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی کارمندان است.

Job security is one of the main concerns of employees.

Compound 'amniyat-e shoghli'.

2

دولت باید برای جوانان شغل ایجاد کند.

The government must create jobs for young people.

Modal 'bāyad' (must).

3

او در انتخاب شغل خود بسیار حساس است.

He is very sensitive in choosing his job.

Prepositional phrase 'dar entekhāb-e'.

4

مشاغل کاذب یکی از مشکلات جامعه هستند.

False/unproductive jobs are one of the problems of society.

Formal plural 'mashāghel'.

5

او به دنبال ارتقای شغلی در شرکت است.

He is looking for a job promotion in the company.

Noun 'erteghā' (promotion).

6

این شغل با رشته تحصیلی او مرتبط نیست.

This job is not related to his field of study.

Adjective 'mortabet' (related).

7

او تجربیات شغلی خود را در رزومه نوشت.

He wrote his job experiences in the resume.

Plural 'tajrobiāt-e shoghli'.

8

تعادل بین شغل و زندگی شخصی ضروری است.

Balance between job and personal life is essential.

Noun 'ta'ādol' (balance).

1

تحول مشاغل در عصر هوش مصنوعی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

The transformation of jobs in the age of AI is inevitable.

Complex noun phrase.

2

او به تحلیل ساختار مشاغل در ایران پرداخت.

He engaged in analyzing the structure of occupations in Iran.

Verb 'pardākhtan' (to engage in).

3

فرسودگی شغلی می‌تواند پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیری داشته باشد.

Job burnout can have irreparable consequences.

Compound 'farsudegi-ye shoghli'.

4

تنوع مشاغل در جوامع مدرن بسیار زیاد است.

The diversity of occupations in modern societies is very high.

Noun 'tanavo' (diversity).

5

او در مورد اخلاق شغلی مقاله‌ای منتشر کرد.

He published an article about professional ethics.

Compound 'akhlāgh-e shoghli'.

6

بیکاری اصطکاکی زمانی رخ می‌دهد که افراد بین دو شغل هستند.

Frictional unemployment occurs when people are between two jobs.

Economic terminology.

7

او به بازنگری در شرح وظایف شغلی خود نیاز دارد.

He needs to review his job description.

Compound 'sharh-e vazāyef'.

8

تأثیر تکنولوژی بر ماهیت مشاغل سنتی عمیق است.

The impact of technology on the nature of traditional jobs is profound.

Abstract noun 'māhiyat' (nature).

1

تبیین جایگاه شغل در هویت فردی، موضوعی فلسفی است.

Explaining the position of occupation in individual identity is a philosophical subject.

Highly formal 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation).

2

او به نقد رویکردهای ابزاری به شغل در نظام سرمایه‌داری پرداخت.

He criticized instrumental approaches to work in the capitalist system.

Complex ideological vocabulary.

3

تلاقی علایق شخصی و الزامات شغلی، هنری است که هر کسی ندارد.

The intersection of personal interests and occupational requirements is an art not everyone possesses.

Metaphorical usage.

4

او در رساله‌اش به بررسی تطبیقی مشاغل در دوران قاجار و پهلوی پرداخت.

In his thesis, he conducted a comparative study of occupations in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras.

Academic 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.

5

پدیده «مشاغل کاذب» بازتابی از نارسایی‌های ساختاری در اقتصاد است.

The phenomenon of 'false jobs' is a reflection of structural inadequacies in the economy.

Sociological analysis.

6

او با ظرافتی خاص، مرز بین شغل و رسالت فردی را ترسیم کرد.

With a specific elegance, he drew the line between a job and a personal mission.

Literary 'zarāfat' (elegance/subtlety).

7

تحمیل مشاغل نامناسب بر افراد، منجر به الیناسیون یا ازخودبیگانگی می‌شود.

Imposing unsuitable jobs on individuals leads to alienation.

Use of the term 'alienation' (az-khod-bigānegi).

8

او به بازتعریف مفهوم شغل در پارادایم‌های نوین اقتصادی همت گماشت.

He strove to redefine the concept of job within modern economic paradigms.

Formal verb 'hemmat gomāshtan' (to strive).

Collocations courantes

شغل دولتی
شغل آزاد
ایجاد شغل
امنیت شغلی
رضایت شغلی
فرصت شغلی
مصاحبه شغلی
مشاغل خانگی
ارتقای شغلی
شغل پاره‌وقت

Phrases Courantes

شغل شما چیست؟
به دنبال شغل گشتن
شغل مناسب پیدا کردن
از شغل خود راضی بودن
تغییر شغل دادن
شغل پردرآمد
شغل سخت و دشوار
شغل رویایی
درآمد حاصل از شغل
شغل و حرفه

Souvent confondu avec

شغل vs کار (Kār)

شغل vs مشغول (Mashghul)

شغل vs شاغل (Shāghel)

Expressions idiomatiques

"شغل نان و آب‌دار (A lucrative job)"
"شغل شریف (A noble profession)"
"دست به هر شغلی زدن (To try one's hand at every job)"
"شغل بوقلمون‌صفت (A job that changes constantly - rare)"
"کشته و مرده شغل بودن (To be obsessed with one's job)"
"شغل بی‌دردسر (A hassle-free job)"
"شغل دهن‌پرکن (A job with a prestigious title)"
"شغل بخور و نمیر (A job that barely pays for food)"
"شغل آبرومند (A respectable job)"
"شغل پدری (The father's trade/profession)"

Facile à confondre

شغل vs

شغل vs

شغل vs

شغل vs

شغل vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

formality

Mashāghel is the Arabic broken plural, used in high-level Persian.

distinction

Shoghl is the title/position; Kar is the work/action.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'shoghl' instead of 'kār' for daily tasks.
  • Saying 'Man yek shoghl mikonam' (I do a job) instead of 'Man kār mikonam' or 'Shoghlam ... ast'.
  • Mispronouncing the 'gh' as a hard 'g'.
  • Using 'mashāghel' in very casual conversation.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'shoghl-e man'.

Astuces

Learn job titles

Pair 'shoghl' with specific titles like 'mo'allem' (teacher) or 'mohandes' (engineer) to build sentences.

Ezafe usage

Always use the Ezafe (shoghl-e) when adding a descriptive adjective like 'khub' (good) or 'sakht' (hard).

Casual vs Formal

In casual speech, you can drop the 'shoghl' and just ask 'Che kāre-i?' (What's your work/job?).

Respect

In Iran, mentioning a high-status 'shoghl' can change the dynamic of a conversation.

CVs

When writing a resume, use 'Sāvegh-e Shoghli' for 'Job History'.

News keywords

Listen for 'ijād-e shoghl' (job creation) in economic news reports.

Root connection

Connect 'shoghl' with 'mashghul' (busy). Your job is what keeps you busy.

The 'gh' sound

Don't pronounce it like a 'g'. It's deeper in the throat.

Don't over-use

If you just have a small task to do, use 'kār', not 'shoghl'.

Professionalism

Use 'shoghl' when discussing career goals or professional aspirations.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Shoghl' as 'Show-Goal'. Your job is how you 'show' your 'goal' in life.

Origine du mot

Arabic

Contexte culturel

The 'shoghl-e āzād' (free job/business) is the heart of the Iranian economy.

Titles like 'Doctor' or 'Mohandes' are often used as honorifics even outside of work.

Government jobs are called 'miz-neshini' (table-sitting) informally.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"شغل رویایی شما چیست؟"

"آیا از شغل خود راضی هستید؟"

"چرا این شغل را انتخاب کردید؟"

"سخت‌ترین بخش شغل شما چیست؟"

"در آینده دوست دارید چه شغلی داشته باشید؟"

Sujets d'écriture

شغل ایده‌آل خود را توصیف کنید.

چرا داشتن یک شغل برای انسان مهم است؟

اگر مجبور نبودید کار کنید، باز هم شغل داشتید؟

تاثیر تکنولوژی بر شغل خود را بنویسید.

اولین شغلی که داشتید چه بود؟

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

'Shoghl' refers to your professional occupation or job title, while 'kār' is a general term for any work, task, or activity. You have a 'shoghl' at a company, but you do 'kār' throughout the day.

You say 'Man donbāl-e shoghl migardam.' This uses the compound verb 'donbāl-e ... gashtan' which means to look for something.

Technically, no. A student's status is 'mohasel' or 'dāneshju.' If someone asks a student about their 'shoghl,' they might answer 'I am a student' (dāneshju hastam), but 'student' isn't usually called a 'shoghl' in a formal sense.

It literally means 'free job' and refers to being self-employed, owning a business, or working in the private sector/bazaar rather than for the government.

No, 'shoghl' is strictly a noun. To say 'to work,' you use the verb 'kār kardan.'

The common plural is 'shoghl-hā.' The formal or academic plural is 'mashāghel.'

You can say 'Shoghl-e shomā chist?' or more politely 'Jasāratan, shoghl-e shomā chiye?' (Daringly/Excuse me, what is your job?).

It means 'job satisfaction.' It is a common term in psychology and human resources.

Yes, it is an Arabic loanword that is fully integrated into Persian.

You say 'shoghl-e pāre-vaqt.' Full-time is 'shoghl-e tamām-vaqt.'

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