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B1 particle #300 le plus courant 2 min de lecture

~など

~ nado Top 300

When listing multiple items in Japanese, you will often hear people add ~など to the end of the list. This particle means "etc." or "and so on." This is similar to saying "for example" or "such as." When used in this way, ~など indicates that there are other items that could be added to the list, but for brevity, they have been omitted.

For example, you might say, "レストランで、すしやてんぷらなどを食べました" (At the restaurant, I ate sushi, tempura, and so on). This implies that you ate other things besides sushi and tempura. ~など is a very common and useful particle to know.

When listing a few examples out of a larger category, you can use など (~nado) to mean "etc." or "and so on." You attach it directly after the last item in your list. It implies there are other similar items you could mention but are choosing not to. It’s a very common and natural way to make a list sound less exhaustive and more illustrative.

For example, if you say りんごやみかんなど (ringo ya mikan nado), it means "apples, oranges, etc." It suggests there are other fruits, but you're just giving a couple of examples. Using など is generally more natural than trying to list every single item.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

§ Understanding など (nado)

The Japanese particle など (nado) is a really useful word to know. It functions much like saying "etc.," "and so on," "and others," or "things like that" in English. It's used to indicate that the list or examples you've provided are not exhaustive, but rather representative of a larger group. Think of it as a way to avoid listing every single item when a few examples are enough to get your point across. You'll hear it all the time in natural Japanese conversation, news, and even at school or work.

DEFINITION: Etc., and so on; things like that.

§ At work

In a professional setting, など (nado) is frequently used to provide examples without being overly specific. This can be helpful in meetings, reports, or when giving instructions. It keeps communication concise while still conveying the scope of what you're discussing.

When discussing tasks or responsibilities:

会議の準備や資料作成など、今日中に終わらせてください。
(Please finish preparing for the meeting, creating documents, etc., by the end of today.)

When mentioning skills or experience:

彼はプロジェクト管理やデータ分析など、様々なスキルを持っています。
(He has various skills such as project management, data analysis, and so on.)

§ At school

In academic contexts, など (nado) is helpful for summarizing topics or giving examples in essays, presentations, or discussions. It allows you to broaden the scope of your statement without getting bogged down in unnecessary detail.

When listing subjects or activities:

学校では国語や算数など、いろいろな科目を勉強します。
(At school, we study various subjects like Japanese language, arithmetic, etc.)

When talking about school events:

運動会や文化祭など、楽しいイベントがたくさんありますね。
(There are many fun events like sports festivals, cultural festivals, and so on.)

§ In the news

News reports often use など (nado) to present examples of situations, problems, or solutions without having to list every single instance. This helps keep reports concise and easy to understand for a broad audience.

When describing issues:

最近、地震や台風などの自然災害が増えています。
(Recently, natural disasters like earthquakes and typhoons etc., have been increasing.)

When reporting on efforts or actions:

政府は、災害対策や経済支援など、様々な取り組みを行っています。
(The government is implementing various initiatives such as disaster countermeasures, economic support, and so on.)

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 1/5

short and common particle

Écriture 1/5

short and common particle

Expression orale 1/5

short and common particle

Écoute 1/5

short and common particle

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

と (to - and) や (ya - and, or)

Apprends ensuite

ばかり (bakari - only, about) ぐらい/くらい (gurai/kurai - about, approximately)

Avancé

とか (toka - and things like that, or something) などなど (nado nado - and so on and so forth)

Exemples par niveau

これは本やペンなどです。

These are books, pens, etc.

果物はりんごやみかんなどがあります。

Fruits include apples, oranges, etc.

週末は映画を見たり、買い物に行ったりなどしました。

On the weekend, I watched movies, went shopping, and so on.

動物園にはパンダやライオンなどたくさんの動物がいます。

There are many animals in the zoo, such as pandas, lions, etc.

パーティーには友達や家族などたくさんの人が来ました。

Many people came to the party, such as friends, family, etc.

私の趣味は読書や音楽を聴くことなどです。

My hobbies are reading, listening to music, and so on.

この店では服やかばんなどを売っています。

This store sells clothes, bags, etc.

今日の夕食はカレーやサラダなどを作りました。

For dinner today, I made curry, salad, and so on.

ここにペンやノートなどがあります。

There are pens, notebooks, etc. here.

果物ではりんごやバナナなどが好きです。

I like apples, bananas, etc., among fruits.

週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだりなどしました。

On the weekend, I watched movies, read books, and so on.

東京にはたくさんお店やレストランなどがあります。

In Tokyo, there are many shops, restaurants, and so on.

旅行の準備で、服や靴などが必要だ。

For travel preparations, clothes, shoes, etc., are needed.

彼の趣味はサッカーやゲームなどです。

His hobbies are soccer, games, and so on.

会議では、新しいプロジェクトについてなど話し合いました。

In the meeting, we discussed things like the new project.

デパートには、家電や食品など、いろいろなものが売っています。

At the department store, various things like home appliances and food are sold.

レストランでは寿司、天ぷら、刺身など、様々な日本料理が楽しめます。

At the restaurant, you can enjoy various Japanese dishes such as sushi, tempura, sashimi, and so on.

Here, 'など' is used to list a few examples of Japanese dishes, implying there are more.

会議では新しいプロジェクトの計画、予算、人材配置などについて議論されました。

In the meeting, they discussed the new project's plan, budget, personnel allocation, and so on.

'など' indicates that the discussion covered these topics and other related matters.

彼女の趣味は読書、映画鑑賞、旅行など多岐にわたります。

Her hobbies range widely, including reading, watching movies, traveling, and so on.

'など' suggests that these are just a few examples of her many hobbies.

最近の若者はSNS、スマートフォン、オンラインゲームなど、デジタルなものに多くの時間を費やしています。

Recent young people spend a lot of time on digital things like SNS, smartphones, online games, and so on.

This use of 'など' lists typical digital activities young people engage in.

災害時には食料、水、毛布など、基本的な救援物資が必要とされます。

In times of disaster, basic relief supplies like food, water, blankets, and so on are needed.

'など' implies that there are other essential relief supplies beyond those listed.

この本は歴史、文化、社会など、幅広いテーマを扱っています。

This book covers a wide range of themes such as history, culture, society, and so on.

Here, 'など' indicates that the book explores these and other diverse themes.

彼はピアノ、ギター、ドラムなど、多くの楽器を演奏できます。

He can play many musical instruments such as piano, guitar, drums, and so on.

'など' is used to provide examples of the instruments he can play, suggesting he might play more.

健康のためにはバランスの取れた食事、適度な運動、十分な睡眠などが必要です。

For health, a balanced diet, moderate exercise, sufficient sleep, and so on are necessary.

This sentence uses 'など' to list key elements for good health, implying other factors also contribute.

Comment l'utiliser

Usage Notes: Adding Examples

Use など when you want to give a few examples and imply that there are other similar things. It's like saying "etc." or "and so on" in English.

It usually follows a noun or a list of nouns.

Example 1: Listing items

スーパーで野菜などを買いました。
I bought vegetables, etc., at the supermarket.

(This implies you bought vegetables and other things like fruit, meat, etc.)

Example 2: Listing actions/activities (by nominalizing verbs with の)

週末は映画を観るなどして過ごしました。
I spent the weekend watching movies, etc.

(This implies you watched movies and did other similar relaxing activities.)

Example 3: Adding emphasis with という

日本には寿司やラーメンなどといった美味しい食べ物がたくさんあります。
In Japan, there are many delicious foods like sushi, ramen, and so on.

(などといった adds a bit more emphasis to the examples given.)

Erreurs courantes

Common Mistakes:

1. Using など when you mean "and" (と) for a complete list:

Mistake: りんごなどみかんを食べました。 (I ate apples, etc., oranges.)
Correction: りんごとみかんを食べました。 (I ate apples and oranges.)

(Use と when you are listing everything you ate. Use など when you are giving examples and there's more.)

2. Placing など incorrectly:

Mistake: 私はなど本を読みます。 (I, etc., read books.)
Correction: 私は本などを読みます。 (I read books, etc.)

(など typically follows the noun or phrase it's providing examples for.)

3. Overusing など:

While useful, don't put など after every single item if you list more than two. Just put it after the last item in your example list.

Awkward: 鉛筆など、消しゴムなど、ノートなどを買いました。
Better: 鉛筆、消しゴム、ノートなどを買いました。

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'NAdO' (nado) of things, like a pile of various items, signifying 'and so on.'

Association visuelle

Visualize a list with a few items explicitly written, and then a faint, expanding cloud of other similar items trailing off to represent 'etc.'

Word Web

and so on etc. among other things for example such as

Défi

Try to describe your daily routine using 「〜など」 to indicate typical activities without listing every single one. For instance, '朝はコーヒーを飲んだり、ニュースを見たりなどします。' (In the morning, I do things like drink coffee and watch the news.)