親族 en 30 secondes
- Relatives (formal, legal, official).
- Broader than 'kazoku' (family).
- Includes extended family (aunts, uncles, etc.).
- Used in documents, law, and formal settings.
- Core Meaning
- The Japanese word "親族" (shinzoku) refers to relatives or kin. It is a formal term, often used in legal, official, or more serious contexts when discussing family relationships. Unlike more casual terms for family members, "親族" encompasses a broader, more official designation of one's blood relations and sometimes in-laws, depending on the specific context.
- Formal Contexts
- You will frequently encounter "親族" in documents such as legal agreements, wills, insurance policies, and official family registries (戸籍 - koseki). In these situations, it's crucial to use precise terminology, and "親族" serves that purpose by clearly denoting the group of people legally considered relatives. For example, when discussing inheritance laws or the distribution of assets, the term "親族" would be used to define who is entitled to receive them. It implies a recognized familial connection that carries legal weight.
- Distinction from Casual Terms
- It's important to distinguish "親族" from more common, everyday words like "家族" (kazoku), which means family, or individual terms like "父" (chichi - father), "母" (haha - mother), "兄弟" (kyoudai - siblings), and "姉妹" (shimai - sisters). While "家族" can refer to the immediate household or a close-knit unit, "親族" often extends to include aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, and even more distant relations, especially in a legal or formal sense. When speaking casually, people are more likely to use specific terms for family members or the general term "家族" rather than the more formal "親族".
- Legal and Societal Implications
- In Japanese society, the concept of "親族" can carry significant weight in matters of social obligation, support, and ceremonies. While modern society sees a shift towards more nuclear family structures, the traditional understanding of "親族" as an extended network of mutual support and responsibility remains influential in certain aspects of life. For instance, during traditional events like weddings or funerals, the involvement and presence of "親族" are often expected and play a vital role in the proceedings. The term itself evokes a sense of collective identity and shared heritage among related individuals, going beyond mere acquaintance.
- Usage in Official Documents
- When filling out forms for government services, banking, or any administrative process that requires detailing familial relationships, you might be asked to list your "親族". This implies a need for official or verifiable connections. For example, if you are applying for certain types of insurance or benefits that are dependent on family status, the term "親族" will be used to define the scope of eligible individuals. This formality ensures clarity and prevents ambiguity in situations where precise familial ties are important for legal or administrative purposes. The word emphasizes the structured and often legally defined nature of these relationships.
The lawyer explained the inheritance rights of all 親族.
He was estranged from most of his 親族 after the dispute.
The company policy outlines benefits for employees and their immediate 親族.
- Legal and Official Contexts
- In legal documents, "親族" is used to define relationships for inheritance, power of attorney, or other legal matters. For example, a will might state how assets are to be distributed among one's "親族". This ensures clarity and legal standing for all parties involved. When discussing legal responsibilities, such as caring for an elderly relative, the term "親族" can be used to denote the collective group who might share these duties according to law. It's common to see phrases like "親族の同意" (shinzoku no doui - consent of relatives) in legal agreements.
- Family Registries and Bureaucracy
- Official family registers (戸籍 - koseki) meticulously record "親族". When applying for official documents or proving family ties for administrative purposes, you might refer to your "親族". For instance, if you need to prove a familial relationship for immigration or social welfare benefits, the documentation will likely use the term "親族" to categorize these relationships. The term signifies a formal, recognized connection that is documented by the state.
- Academic and Sociological Discussions
- In academic papers or sociological studies concerning family structures, kinship systems, or social support networks, "親族" is the standard term. Researchers use it to discuss the broader network of relatives beyond the immediate nuclear family. For example, a study on elder care might analyze the role of "親族" in providing support and assistance. The term allows for a systematic analysis of kinship structures and their societal impact. It is also used when comparing different cultural understandings of family and kinship.
- Formal Speeches and Ceremonies
- During formal occasions like weddings, funerals, or family reunions, speakers might refer to the gathering of "親族". This acknowledges the presence and importance of the extended family network. For example, a speech at a wedding might express gratitude to all the "親族" who have gathered to celebrate the union. This usage elevates the sense of community and shared history among the family members present. It's a way to formally address and recognize the collective body of relatives.
- Business and Corporate Contexts
- In some business contexts, particularly in family-owned businesses or when discussing employee benefits related to family, "親族" might be used. For instance, a company policy might specify benefits available to employees and their "親族". This term ensures that the scope of who is covered by such policies is clearly defined, often extending beyond immediate family to other recognized relatives as per the company's regulations. It's a precise way to delineate eligibility in corporate policies.
The legal document specified the distribution of assets among all 親族.
She had to obtain consent from her 親族 for the medical procedure.
The sociology professor discussed the changing roles of 親族 in modern Japan.
- Legal Settings
- The most common place to encounter "親族" is in legal and official documents. This includes wills, inheritance declarations, court proceedings related to family law, and official government forms where familial relationships need to be precisely defined. Lawyers, judges, and government officials frequently use this term when discussing legal matters that involve family members. For example, when a person passes away, legal professionals will refer to the deceased's "親族" to determine heirs and beneficiaries. The term ensures that the scope of legal responsibility or entitlement is clearly established.
- Government and Administrative Offices
- When dealing with administrative tasks, such as registering a birth, applying for social security, or settling estate matters, you might encounter "親族" on forms or in discussions with clerks. The Japanese family registry system (戸籍 - koseki) uses this term to categorize and track family members. If you are filling out official paperwork that requires you to list your relatives, the term used will likely be "親族". This is to ensure that the relationships are officially recognized and documented by the state. For instance, if you are applying for a family-related benefit, the application might ask for information about your "親族".
- Academic and Research Contexts
- Sociologists, anthropologists, and historians studying family structures, kinship systems, and social networks in Japan will use "親族" extensively in their research and publications. They use it to refer to the broader group of relatives beyond the immediate nuclear family when analyzing social dynamics, support systems, or cultural practices related to family. For example, a study on how elderly care is managed might discuss the role of "親族" in providing support. This term is essential for academic discourse on kinship.
- Formal Speeches and Announcements
- At formal events like weddings, funerals, or significant family anniversaries, speakers might use "親族" when addressing the assembled family members. This acknowledges the presence of the extended family and emphasizes the collective nature of the occasion. For example, during a wedding reception speech, the speaker might thank all the "親族" for their presence and support. This usage adds a layer of formality and respect to the address.
- Business and Corporate Documents
- In certain business contexts, especially those involving employee benefits or company policies that extend to family members, "親族" might be used. For example, an insurance policy offered by a company might cover employees and their designated "親族". This ensures clarity on who is eligible for benefits, often extending beyond immediate family to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, as defined by the policy. This precise terminology prevents misunderstandings.
The lawyer reviewed the list of the deceased's 親族.
Please submit proof of your 親族 for the application.
The study examined the social support networks provided by 親族.
- Using "親族" in Casual Conversation
- A common mistake is using "親族" in everyday, casual conversations where a more familiar term like "家族" (kazoku - family) or specific family member names would be more appropriate. For instance, saying "私の親族はみんな元気です" (Watashi no shinzoku wa minna genki desu - All my relatives are well) sounds overly formal and unnatural when talking to a friend about your family. In casual settings, people usually refer to their immediate family members directly (e.g., 父, 母, 兄, 姉) or use "家族" to mean their household or close family unit. Using "親族" in such contexts can make the speaker sound distant or overly stiff.
- Confusing "親族" with "家族"
- Learners sometimes confuse "親族" with "家族". While both relate to family, "家族" typically refers to the immediate family or household (parents, children, spouse), whereas "親族" is a broader term encompassing all relatives, including aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, and sometimes in-laws, especially in a formal or legal context. For example, if you are talking about the people living in your house, you would use "家族". If you are discussing who is legally entitled to an inheritance, you would use "親族". Misusing these terms can lead to misunderstandings about the scope of the family being discussed.
- Overgeneralizing "親族" to Include Friends
- Another potential pitfall is assuming "親族" can be used loosely to refer to very close friends or chosen family. While deep friendships can be akin to family, "親族" specifically denotes biological or legally recognized familial ties. Using it for friends, even very close ones, would be incorrect and potentially confusing. If you want to express a strong bond with a friend, you would use phrases like "親友" (shin'yuu - best friend) or describe the relationship qualitatively, rather than applying the term "親族".
- Ignoring Context for Formality
- A mistake is to use "親族" without considering the context. If the context is not formal, legal, or official, using "親族" will sound unnatural. Conversely, in a formal legal document, failing to use "親族" and opting for a more casual term could lead to ambiguity or legal issues. Always assess the situation: is it a legal contract, a government form, an academic paper, or a casual chat? The answer dictates the appropriate vocabulary.
- Misunderstanding the Scope of "親族"
- The exact scope of "親族" can sometimes be nuanced and depend on the specific legal or social context. While it generally includes all relatives, some legal definitions might prioritize closer relations. Learners might mistakenly assume it always refers to a very distant set of relatives, or conversely, only to immediate family. It's best to understand it as the formal designation for all recognized kin, with specific legal contexts sometimes providing further clarification on which specific relations are pertinent.
Incorrect: "My 親族 are coming to visit." (Too formal for casual chat)
Correct: "My family is coming to visit." (私の家族が訪ねてきます - Watashi no kazoku ga tazunete kimasu)
Incorrect: "I live with my 親族." (Implies legal residents, not just household)
Correct: "I live with my family." (私は家族と一緒に住んでいます - Watashi wa kazoku to issho ni sunde imasu)
Incorrect: "He is my 親族." (When referring to a close friend)
Correct: "He is my best friend." (彼は私の親友です - Kare wa watashi no shin'yuu desu)
- 親族 (Shinzoku) vs. 家族 (Kazoku)
- 親族 (Shinzoku): Relatives (formal, broader, often legal/official). Encompasses extended family like grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins. Used in legal documents, official registries, academic contexts, and formal speeches.
家族 (Kazoku): Family (general, common). Typically refers to the immediate family unit living together (parents, children, spouse). Used in everyday conversation, informal settings, and when referring to one's household.
*Example:* "私の親族は皆、遠くに住んでいます。しかし、私の家族はいつも私を支えてくれます。" (Watashi no shinzoku wa mina, tooku ni sunde imasu. Shikashi, watashi no kazoku wa itsumo watashi o sasaete kuremasu. - All my relatives live far away. However, my family always supports me.) - 親族 (Shinzoku) vs. 血縁 (Ketsuen)
- 親族 (Shinzoku): Relatives (formal, encompassing both blood relations and sometimes in-laws by law/custom).
血縁 (Ketsuen): Blood relation, consanguinity. Refers specifically to ties of blood. Often used in contexts discussing biological lineage or genetic relationships.
*Example:* "彼は遠い血縁関係にある親族について調べている。" (Kare wa tooi ketsuen kankei ni aru shinzoku ni tsuite shirabete iru. - He is researching relatives with whom he has a distant blood relation.) - 親族 (Shinzoku) vs. 身内 (Miuchi)
- 親族 (Shinzoku): Relatives (formal, broad, legal/official).
身内 (Miuchi): One's own people, insiders, family and close associates. This term is more colloquial and can include not only relatives but also very close friends, colleagues, or people considered part of one's inner circle. It carries a sense of belonging and shared identity within a group.
*Example:* "この問題は身内で解決すべきだ。" (Kono mondai wa miuchi de kaiketsu subeki da. - This problem should be resolved within our own people/group.) "彼は親族の葬儀に出席した。" (Kare wa shinzoku no sougi ni shusseki shita. - He attended the funeral of a relative.) - 親族 (Shinzoku) vs. 関係者 (Kankeisha)
- 親族 (Shinzoku): Relatives (specific familial ties).
関係者 (Kankeisha): Concerned parties, people involved, stakeholders. This is a very general term for anyone connected to a particular situation, event, or organization. It can include family members, but also employees, customers, officials, etc.
*Example:* "事件の関係者には、親族も含まれていた。" (Jiken no kankeisha ni wa, shinzoku mo fukumarete ita. - Among the parties concerned in the incident were also relatives.) - 親族 (Shinzoku) vs. 親戚 (Shinseki)
- 親族 (Shinzoku): Relatives (formal, often legal/official, broader scope).
親戚 (Shinseki): Relatives (more common, less formal than 親族, often referring to relations through marriage or less direct blood ties, but can overlap with 親族). While often used interchangeably in casual speech, 親族 is considered more formal and encompasses a wider, more officially recognized set of relations. 親戚 can sometimes feel more like extended family one interacts with socially.
*Example:* "彼は多くの親戚に囲まれて育った。" (Kare wa ooku no shinseki ni kakomarete sodatta. - He grew up surrounded by many relatives.) "遺産相続に関する親族会議が開かれた。" (Isan souzoku ni kansuru shinzoku kaigi ga hirakareta. - A meeting of relatives regarding inheritance was held.)
親族 is to 家族 as a legal document is to a casual letter.
Both 親族 and 親戚 refer to relatives, but 親族 is more formal and official, like a term used in a contract, while 親戚 is more general, like a term used at a family gathering.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
While '親族' is formal, the character '親' (shin) is also used in words like '親しい' (shitashii - close/intimate) and '母親' (hahaoya - mother), highlighting its connection to close relationships. The character '族' (zoku) appears in words like '民族' (minzoku - ethnic group) and '部族' (buzoku - tribe), emphasizing the collective aspect.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing 'shi' as 'see'.
- Misplacing stress on the second or third syllable.
- Making the 'ku' sound too soft or omitting it.
Niveau de difficulté
Recognizing '親族' in formal texts like legal documents or academic papers is straightforward once its meaning and context are understood. However, its formal nature might pose a slight challenge for beginners compared to everyday vocabulary.
Using '親族' correctly requires an understanding of its formal register. Learners need to be mindful of when it is appropriate versus when '家族' or other terms are better suited, which can be tricky.
While less common in casual spoken Japanese, understanding '親族' is important for comprehending formal discussions or media. Using it appropriately in speech requires a good grasp of register.
Listening comprehension requires distinguishing '親族' from similar terms like '家族' and '親戚' based on the context of the speech or broadcast.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
The particle 'の' (no) for possession/relation.
私の親族 (watashi no shinzoku) - my relatives.
The particle 'と' (to) for 'with'.
親族と話す (shinzoku to hanasu) - to speak with relatives.
The particle 'に' (ni) for indirect object or destination.
親族に会う (shinzoku ni au) - to meet relatives.
Noun compounding (e.g., 親族関係 - shinzoku kankei).
親族関係は複雑だ (shinzoku kankei wa fukuzatsu da) - Kinship relations are complex.
Using adjectives before nouns.
遠い親族 (tooi shinzoku) - distant relatives.
Exemples par niveau
これは私の親族です。
This is my relative.
Simple declarative sentence using the noun.
親族は来ます。
Relatives will come.
Basic verb conjugation with the noun.
私の親族は多いです。
My relatives are many.
Using an adjective with the noun.
親族の名前は？
Relative's name?
Possessive particle 'no' with the noun.
親族と話します。
I will talk with relatives.
Particle 'to' for 'with'.
親族の家に行きます。
I will go to a relative's house.
Possessive particle 'no' and destination particle 'ni'.
親族はお元気ですか。
Are relatives well?
Basic question structure.
親族の写真を撮ります。
I will take a photo of relatives.
Possessive particle 'no' with the noun.
私には多くの親族がいます。
I have many relatives.
Using 'ni wa' for existence and 'ooku no' for 'many'.
親族の集まりに参加しました。
I participated in a relatives' gathering.
Noun compounding with 'atsumari' (gathering).
彼は私の親族です。とても親切です。
He is my relative. He is very kind.
Simple description using 'desu' and an adjective.
親族にプレゼントをあげました。
I gave a present to a relative.
Indirect object particle 'ni' with the noun.
来週、親族が訪ねてきます。
Next week, relatives will visit.
Time expression and future verb form.
親族の家は遠いです。
My relative's house is far.
Possessive 'no' and adjective 'tooi'.
親族と食事をしました。
I had a meal with relatives.
Particle 'to' and noun compounding with 'shokuji'.
親族の助けが必要です。
I need help from relatives.
Possessive 'no' and noun 'tasuke' (help).
遺産相続において、親族の権利が法的に定められています。
In inheritance, the rights of relatives are legally defined.
Formal vocabulary and passive voice.
彼は遠い親族にあたる人物に会うために、海外へ旅立った。
He traveled abroad to meet a person who is a distant relative.
Using 「にあたる」 (to correspond to) and a relative clause.
親族間の紛争は、しばしば感情的な問題を引き起こす。
Disputes among relatives often cause emotional problems.
Noun compounding and use of 「しばしば」 (often).
家族会議では、親族全員の意見を聞くことが重要だ。
In a family council, it is important to hear the opinions of all relatives.
Noun compounding and expression of importance.
彼女は親族の結婚式に出席するため、一時帰国した。
She returned to Japan temporarily to attend a relative's wedding.
Purpose clause using 「ため」 and verb in past tense.
社会保障制度は、親族による扶養が困難な場合に役立つ。
The social security system is useful when support by relatives is difficult.
Complex sentence structure with conditional clause.
戸籍謄本には、個人の親族関係が詳細に記載されている。
An official family registry certificate details an individual's kinship relationships.
Formal terminology and passive voice.
親族関係が複雑な場合、弁護士に相談することが賢明である。
When kinship relationships are complex, it is wise to consult a lawyer.
Adjective clause and formal expression of advice.
法改正により、親族の定義が一部変更され、より広範な関係者が保護対象となった。
Due to a legal amendment, the definition of relatives was partially changed, making a wider range of individuals eligible for protection.
Complex sentence with passive voice and purpose clause.
現代社会においては、伝統的な親族の絆が希薄化する傾向にあるが、依然として重要な社会的役割を担っている。
In modern society, there is a tendency for traditional kinship ties to weaken, but they still play an important social role.
Use of nominalizers and complex conjunctions.
彼の行動は、親族間での信頼関係を著しく損なうものであった。
His actions significantly damaged the trust relationship among his relatives.
Use of adverbs and transitive verbs.
親族の肖像権を侵害しないよう、写真の公開には細心の注意が必要である。
Great care must be taken when publishing photos to avoid infringing upon the portrait rights of relatives.
Negation with 「～ないよう」 and noun phrases.
社会学者は、都市化が進むにつれて親族の機能がどのように変化するかを研究している。
Sociologists are studying how the functions of relatives change as urbanization progresses.
Complex sentence with subordinate clauses.
親族の同意なしに、未成年者の財産を処分することは法的に禁じられている。
It is legally prohibited to dispose of a minor's property without the consent of their relatives.
Use of nominalizers and negative imperative.
文化人類学では、多様な社会における親族構造とその機能について考察する。
Cultural anthropology examines kinship structures and their functions in diverse societies.
Formal academic vocabulary.
彼は、自身のルーツを辿るために、遠縁の親族にコンタクトを取ることを決意した。
He decided to contact distant relatives in order to trace his roots.
Purpose clause with 「～ために」 and idiomatic expression.
家族制度の変容は、社会構造の変化と密接に関連しており、親族の役割もまた、その影響を免れない。
The transformation of the family system is closely related to changes in social structure, and the role of relatives is also not exempt from its influence.
Complex subordination and abstract vocabulary.
彼が親族間での遺産分割協議において、終始一貫して強硬な姿勢を崩さなかったことは、周囲に少なからぬ影響を与えた。
The fact that he consistently maintained a firm stance throughout the inheritance division negotiations among relatives had a considerable impact on those around him.
Nominalization, adverbs, and complex sentence structure.
現代のグローバル化社会においては、地理的な隔たりにもかかわらず、情報通信技術の発達により親族間のコミュニケーションが容易になった側面がある。
In today's globalized society, despite geographical distances, there is an aspect where communication among relatives has become easier due to the development of information and communication technology.
Complex sentence with subordinate clauses and nuanced vocabulary.
親族の扶養義務に関する法規定は、社会福祉の観点から、その妥当性が常に議論の的となっている。
Legal provisions regarding the obligation of relatives to provide support are, from the perspective of social welfare, constantly subject to debate regarding their appropriateness.
Formal legal and sociological terminology.
彼女は、自らの出自を探求する過程で、これまで知らなかった多数の親族との繋がりを発見し、そのアイデンティティを再構築していった。
In the process of exploring her origins, she discovered connections with numerous relatives she had never known before, and thus reconstructed her identity.
Use of nominalizers and complex verb phrases.
血縁関係のみならず、社会的な繋がりや相互扶助の精神に基づいた親族の定義が、近年、学術界で注目されている。
In recent years, the definition of relatives based not only on blood ties but also on social connections and the spirit of mutual aid has been gaining attention in academia.
Complex negation and formal academic phrasing.
親族間の財産分与においては、個々の貢献度や事情を考慮した、より柔軟な対応が求められる場面が増えている。
In the division of property among relatives, there are increasing situations where a more flexible approach is required, taking into account individual contributions and circumstances.
Use of nominalizers and nuanced expressions of need.
彼は、自身のキャリア形成において、親族からの経済的・精神的な支援が不可欠であったと回顧している。
He looks back and states that the economic and emotional support from his relatives was indispensable in the formation of his career.
Use of 「～であったと回顧する」 (looks back and states) and abstract nouns.
現代社会における親族の概念は、生物学的な血縁関係を超え、共有される価値観や相互扶助の精神によって再定義されつつあり、その多様性は社会学的な探求の対象となっている。
The concept of relatives in modern society is being redefined beyond biological blood ties by shared values and the spirit of mutual aid, and its diversity is becoming an object of sociological inquiry.
Extremely complex sentence with multiple subordinate clauses and abstract philosophical concepts.
遺言執行における親族間の複雑な利害関係の調整は、しばしば法的な専門知識のみならず、高度な交渉術と人間理解を要する、極めてデリケートな作業である。
The coordination of complex conflicting interests among relatives in the execution of a will is often an extremely delicate task that requires not only advanced legal expertise but also sophisticated negotiation skills and human understanding.
Sophisticated vocabulary, abstract nouns, and complex participial phrases.
グローバル化と移民の増加に伴い、国境を越えた親族ネットワークが形成される一方で、文化的な差異や言語の壁が、その機能や維持に新たな課題を提起している。
Along with globalization and the increase in immigration, while transnational kinship networks are being formed, cultural differences and language barriers are posing new challenges to their function and maintenance.
Complex causal relationships and nuanced expressions of challenge.
親族の扶養義務の範囲や程度については、時代背景や社会経済状況の変化に応じて、その解釈や適用が常に流動的であり、法学、社会学、倫理学など多角的な視点からの検討が不可欠である。
Regarding the scope and degree of relatives' obligation to provide support, its interpretation and application are constantly fluid according to changes in historical context and socioeconomic conditions, making examination from multifaceted perspectives such as jurisprudence, sociology, and ethics indispensable.
Extensive use of nominalizers, abstract concepts, and enumeration of disciplines.
彼は、自身のアイデンティティの根源を辿るべく、家系図の解明に没頭し、その過程で、歴史の闇に埋もれていた多数の親族の存在とその物語を発掘することとなった。
In order to trace the roots of his identity, he became engrossed in deciphering his family tree, and in the process, unearthed the existence and stories of numerous relatives buried in the darkness of history.
Figurative language, complex verb phrases, and a sense of discovery.
社会保障制度の持続可能性が問われる現代において、親族による相互扶助の重要性が再認識されつつあるが、その実効性を高めるためには、制度的な支援策との連携が喫緊の課題である。
In the present era when the sustainability of social security systems is being questioned, the importance of mutual aid by relatives is being re-recognized, but in order to enhance its effectiveness, collaboration with institutional support measures is an urgent issue.
Complex causal relationships, abstract nouns, and expressions of urgency.
親族間の調停においては、当事者双方の感情的な側面と法的な権利義務のバランスを考慮し、中立的かつ公正な解決策を導き出すことが、調停人の責務である。
In mediation among relatives, it is the mediator's responsibility to derive a neutral and fair solution by considering the balance between the emotional aspects of both parties and their legal rights and obligations.
Sophisticated vocabulary related to mediation and legal concepts.
文化変容の過程で、伝統的な親族のあり方が変容し、血縁関係に加えて、共通の目的や価値観を共有する人々が新たな「親族」として認識されるようになっている。
In the process of cultural change, the traditional way of being relatives is transforming, and in addition to blood ties, people who share common goals and values are increasingly being recognized as new 'relatives'.
Abstract concepts of cultural change and evolving definitions.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— To prove kinship/family relationship.
パスポート申請のために親族関係を証明する必要がありました。 (Pasupōto shinsei no tame ni shinzoku kankei o shōmei suru hitsuyou ga arimashita.) I needed to prove my family relationship for the passport application.
— Rights of relatives.
相続において、親族の権利は法によって保護されています。 (Souzoku ni oite, shinzoku no kenri wa hō ni yotte hogo sarete imasu.) In inheritance, the rights of relatives are protected by law.
— Obligation of relatives.
高齢の親族を扶養する義務があります。 (Kōrei no shinzoku o fuyō suru gimu ga arimasu.) There is an obligation to support elderly relatives.
— A gathering of relatives.
毎年夏には、親族の集まりがあります。 (Maitoshi natsu ni wa, shinzoku no atsumari ga arimasu.) Every summer, there is a gathering of relatives.
— Representing the relatives.
親族を代表して、感謝の言葉を述べさせていただきます。 (Shinzoku o daihyō shite, kansha no kotoba o nobesasete itadakimasu.) Representing the relatives, I would like to express my gratitude.
— Distant relative.
遠縁の親族から手紙が届いた。 (Toen no shinzoku kara tegami ga todaita.) A letter arrived from a distant relative.
— The will/wishes of a relative.
親族の遺志を尊重して、葬儀を執り行いました。 (Shinzoku no ishi o sonchō shite, sougi o toriokonaimashita.) We held the funeral, respecting the wishes of the relative.
— Approval/consent of relatives.
重要な決定には、親族の承認が必要です。 (Jūyō na kettei ni wa, shinzoku no shōnin ga hitsuyou desu.) Approval of relatives is necessary for important decisions.
— Kinship ties/bonds.
親族の絆は、人生において大切な支えとなる。 (Shinzoku no kizuna wa, jinsei ni oite taisetsu na sasae to naru.) Kinship bonds become an important support in life.
— Scope/range of relatives.
法律で定められた親族の範囲を確認してください。 (Hōritsu de sadamerareta shinzoku no han'i o kakunin shite kudasai.) Please confirm the legally defined scope of relatives.
Souvent confondu avec
Whereas 家族 typically refers to the immediate household (parents, children), 親族 is broader and more formal, encompassing all relatives, often in a legal or official capacity.
親戚 is also a term for relatives but is generally less formal and more colloquial than 親族. 親族 carries a stronger sense of legal or official definition.
This is a direct antonym, meaning 'stranger' or 'unrelated person', contrasting with the familial ties implied by 親族.
Expressions idiomatiques
— Relatives may be far away, but neighbors are close. This proverb emphasizes the importance of local community and immediate support over distant familial ties.
災害時には、親族は遠くても、近所は近く、助け合えることが大切だ。 (Saigaiji ni wa, shinzoku wa tooku demo, kinjo wa chikaku, tasuke aeru koto ga taisetsu da.) In times of disaster, it's important that neighbors are close and can help each other, even if relatives are far away.
Proverbial, common wisdom.— To disgrace one's relatives; to bring shame upon one's family.
彼の不正行為は、親族の顔をつぶすようなものだった。 (Kare no fusei kōi wa, shinzoku no kao o tsubusu yō na mono datta.) His fraudulent act was like disgracing his relatives.
Figurative, negative connotation.— To rely on one's relatives for support (financial, emotional, etc.).
経済的に困窮したため、親族を頼ることになった。 (Keizaiteki ni konkyū shita tame, shinzoku o tayoru koto ni natta.) Because I was in financial distress, I had to rely on my relatives.
General usage.— To inherit traits or characteristics from one's relatives (often physical appearance or talent).
彼女は芸術家の親族の血を引いているので、絵が上手だ。 (Kanojo wa geijutsuka no shinzoku no chi o hiite iru node, e ga jōzu da.) She is good at painting because she inherits the blood of an artist relative.
Figurative, often positive.— The solidarity or unity of relatives.
困難な時期には、親族の結束が何よりも頼りになる。 (Konnan na jiki ni wa, shinzoku no kesshū ga nani yori mo tayori ni naru.) In difficult times, the solidarity of relatives is more reliable than anything else.
Formal, emphasizing unity.— The circle of relatives; one's family network.
親族の輪は広いほど、人生は豊かになる。 (Shinzoku no wa wa hiroi hodo, jinsei wa yutaka ni naru.) The wider the circle of relatives, the richer life becomes.
Figurative, positive connotation.— To neglect or ignore one's relatives.
彼は成功した後、親族を顧みなくなった。 (Kare wa seikō shita ato, shinzoku o kaerimina ku natta.) After he became successful, he stopped caring about his relatives.
Negative connotation.— The bond or connection of kinship.
親族の縁は、切っても切れないものだ。 (Shinzoku no en wa, kittemo kirenai mono da.) The bond of kinship is something that cannot be cut off.
Poetic, emphasizing strong connection.— The property or assets of relatives.
親族の財産を巡って争いが起きた。 (Shinzoku no zaisan o megutte arasoi ga okita.) A dispute arose over the relatives' property.
Legal/Financial.— Protection or shelter provided by relatives.
幼い頃、親族の庇護のもとで育った。 (Osanai koro, shinzoku no higo no moto de sodatta.) I grew up under the protection of my relatives when I was young.
Formal, emphasizing protection.Facile à confondre
Both relate to family.
家族 generally means immediate family (parents, children, spouse) and is used in everyday conversation. 親族 is a formal term for all relatives (including aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents), often used in legal or official contexts.
私は家族と旅行しました。 (Watashi wa kazoku to ryokō shimashita.) I traveled with my family. 遺言では、親族への財産分与が定められています。 (Yuigon de wa, shinzoku e no zaisan bunyo ga sadamerarete imasu.) The will stipulates the distribution of property to relatives.
Both refer to relatives.
親戚 is a more common and less formal term for relatives, often used in casual conversation. It can include relations by marriage. 親族 is more formal, often used in legal or official contexts, and typically emphasizes broader blood relations or legally recognized kin.
親戚の集まりで、たくさんのいとこに会いました。 (Shinseki no atsumari de, takusan no itoko ni aimashita.) At the relatives' gathering, I met many cousins. 親族会議が開かれ、遺産相続について話し合われました。 (Shinzoku kaigi ga hirakare, isan souzoku ni tsuite hanashiawaremashita.) A relatives' meeting was held to discuss inheritance.
Both can refer to people connected by family or relationship.
縁者 is a less common term that can refer to relatives or connections, sometimes implying a broader network of relationships rather than strict familial ties. 親族 is a more precise and formal term for designated relatives, especially in legal or official contexts.
彼は多くの縁者に助けられた。 (Kare wa ooku no ensha ni tasukerareta.) He was helped by many connections/relatives. 親族の同意なしには、この契約は無効です。 (Shinzoku no doui nashi ni wa, kono keiyaku wa mukō desu.) This contract is invalid without the consent of relatives.
It's an antonym, representing the opposite of kinship.
他人 means 'stranger' or 'unrelated person', signifying someone outside of one's familial circle. 親族 specifically denotes individuals within that familial circle, often with formal recognition.
親族と他人では、責任の範囲が異なります。 (Shinzoku to tanin de wa, sekinin no han'i ga kotonarimasu.) The scope of responsibility differs between relatives and strangers.
Both are related to family ties.
血縁 specifically refers to ties of blood or consanguinity. While many 親族 are 血縁者 (ketsuen-sha - blood relatives), 親族 can sometimes include relations by marriage or other legally recognized kinships, making it a broader and more formal term in official contexts.
彼らは血縁関係にある。 (Karera wa ketsuen kankei ni aru.) They are related by blood. 親族の範囲には、配偶者も含まれることがある。 (Shinzoku no han'i ni wa, haigūsha mo fukumareru koto ga aru.) The scope of relatives sometimes includes the spouse.
Structures de phrases
私には + [Number] + 親族 + が + います。
私にはたくさんの親族がいます。
[Noun] + は + 親族 + の + [Noun] + です。
あの人は私の親族の名前です。
親族 + は + [Adjective] + です。
親族は親切です。
[Noun] + のため + に、親族 + に + [Verb] + ました。
結婚式のため、親族に会いました。
親族 + と + [Noun] + を + [Verb] + ました。
親族と食事をしました。
親族 + の + [Noun] + は + [Adjective/Verb Phrase]。
親族の権利は法で定められています。
[Noun Clause] + ため、親族 + が + [Verb] +。
遺産相続のため、親族が集まった。
親族 + の + [Noun] + は、[Complex Clause]。
親族の絆は、人生において重要な支えとなる。
Famille de mots
Noms
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Medium (in formal contexts), Low (in casual conversation).
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Using 親族 in casual conversation.
→
Use 家族 (kazoku) or specific family member names.
親族 is a formal term, unsuitable for informal chats. For example, saying 'My 親族 are visiting' is unnatural; 'My family is visiting' (私の家族が訪ねてきます) is correct.
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Confusing 親族 with 家族.
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家族 = immediate family/household; 親族 = all relatives (formal/legal).
If you're talking about the people you live with, use 家族. If you're discussing inheritance or official family ties, use 親族.
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Using 親族 for close friends.
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Use 親友 (shin'yuu - best friend) or describe the relationship.
親族 strictly refers to blood or legally recognized relatives. Friends, no matter how close, are not 親族.
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Assuming 親族 only means distant relatives.
→
親族 includes immediate family in formal contexts, plus extended family.
While often used for extended family in contrast to 家族, 親族 can encompass all recognized kin, including parents and siblings, especially in legal definitions.
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Using 親族 when 親戚 would be more natural.
→
Use 親戚 for general, less formal references to relatives.
親戚 is more common in everyday speech for extended family. 親族 is reserved for more formal, official, or legal situations.
Astuces
Formality is Key
Always consider the formality of the situation. 親族 is reserved for official, legal, or academic contexts. For everyday chats about your family, stick to 家族 or specific terms for family members.
Shinzoku vs. Kazoku vs. Shinseki
家族 (kazoku) = immediate family/household (casual). 親戚 (shinseki) = relatives (common, less formal). 親族 (shinzoku) = relatives (formal, legal, broad). Think of 親族 as the term used on official documents.
Stress and Sounds
Remember the stress is on the first syllable: SHIN-zo-ku. Practice the distinct 'shi', 'zo', and 'ku' sounds. Avoid confusing 'shi' with 'see'.
Meaning in Characters
The kanji '親' (shin - parent, kin) and '族' (zoku - tribe, group) literally mean 'kin group' or 'family tribe', hinting at its formal and collective nature.
Official Scroll Method
Visualize an official scroll with '親族' written prominently. This reinforces its formal and documented nature, helping you remember its usage.
Legal and Official Settings
Encountering '親族' in legal documents, government forms, or academic papers about family structures is common. It signifies a precise, often legally defined, familial relationship.
Opposite of Strangers
The direct opposite of 親族 (relatives) is 他人 (tanin - stranger, unrelated person). This highlights the core meaning of kinship.
Common Partners
Look for phrases like '親族関係' (kinship relation), '親族の同意' (consent of relatives), and '親族会議' (relatives' meeting) to understand its typical usage.
Broader Family Ties
While immediate family (家族) is central, the concept of 親族 acknowledges the importance of extended family networks and their roles in society and tradition.
Contextual Sentences
Create your own sentences using '親族' in formal contexts, like writing a hypothetical will or filling out an official application. This active practice solidifies understanding.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a 'shin'ing (親) 'zoku' (族) of people gathered together. The 'shin' sound can remind you of 'shin'ing, suggesting something important or official, like a shining official document listing your 'zoku' (family/tribe). Think of it as the 'official family registry' for your 'shin-tribe'.
Association visuelle
Picture a formal, ornate scroll listing names. At the top, write '親' and '族' in large, official-looking characters. Underneath, imagine many names, representing all your relatives. The scroll emphasizes the formal and official nature of the term.
Word Web
Défi
Try to write a short, formal paragraph about attending a family event like a wedding or funeral, making sure to use '親族' correctly to refer to all the attending relatives.
Origine du mot
The word '親族' is composed of two kanji characters: '親' (shin) and '族' (zoku). '親' generally relates to 'parent', 'parental', 'intimacy', or 'kinship'. '族' means 'tribe', 'family', or 'group'. Together, they literally mean 'kin group' or 'family tribe'. The term has ancient roots in Chinese characters and has been used in Japanese for a long time, particularly in formal and legal contexts.
Sens originel : Kin group, family tribe.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters).Contexte culturel
When discussing family matters, especially in formal settings or legal contexts, using the correct term is important. Misusing '親族' in a casual context can sound overly stiff, while failing to use it in a legal context could lead to ambiguity. It's generally a neutral term, but its formality implies a certain gravity.
In English-speaking cultures, 'relatives' is a general term. For formal contexts, one might specify 'kin', 'next of kin', or refer to specific legal definitions. The Japanese '親族' encapsulates both the general meaning of relatives and the formal, legalistic aspect.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Legal documents (wills, inheritance papers, contracts)
- 親族の同意 (shinzoku no doui)
- 親族関係を証明する (shinzoku kankei o shōmei suru)
- 親族の権利 (shinzoku no kenri)
Government forms and administrative procedures (family registry, applications)
- 親族の氏名 (shinzoku no shimei)
- 親族の住所 (shinzoku no jūsho)
- 親族の連絡先 (shinzoku no renrakusaki)
Academic or sociological discussions about family structures
- 親族関係の変遷 (shinzoku kankei no hensen)
- 親族の機能 (shinzoku no kinō)
- 親族構造 (shinzoku kōzō)
Formal speeches or announcements at ceremonies (weddings, funerals)
- 親族を代表して (shinzoku o daihyō shite)
- 親族の皆様 (shinzoku no minasama)
- 親族の絆 (shinzoku no kizuna)
Discussions about family law or social welfare
- 親族の扶養義務 (shinzoku no fuyō gimu)
- 親族間の紛争 (shinzoku kan no funsō)
- 親族の保護 (shinzoku no hogo)
Amorces de conversation
"Do you know any formal Japanese words for 'relatives'?"
"When would you use the word '親族' instead of '家族'?"
"What's the difference between '親族' and '親戚'?"
"Can you think of a situation where you'd need to officially list your '親族'?"
"How important is the concept of '親族' in Japanese culture today?"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time you had to deal with official family documentation. What Japanese term might have been used?
Imagine you are writing a formal letter to a government office about your family. How would you refer to your relatives?
Reflect on the differences between your immediate family ('家族') and your extended family ('親族'). What roles do they play in your life?
Write a short paragraph about the importance of kinship ties in your own culture, using the Japanese word '親族' to represent this concept.
If you were to create a formal family tree for official purposes, what term would you use to label the connections?
Questions fréquentes
10 questions家族 (kazoku) typically refers to the immediate family unit, such as parents, children, and spouse, and is used in everyday conversation. 親族 (shinzoku) is a more formal term that encompasses a broader range of relatives, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. It is often used in legal, official, or academic contexts where precise designation of familial ties is important.
No, 親族 is generally not used in casual conversation. It is a formal term. In everyday situations, people would use 家族 (kazoku) for their immediate family or specific terms for individual relatives (e.g., 母 haha - mother, 兄 ani - older brother). Using 親族 in a casual chat would sound overly stiff or unnatural.
It is appropriate to use 親族 in formal situations such as legal documents (wills, inheritance papers), official government forms (like family registries), academic research on kinship, or formal speeches at ceremonies like weddings and funerals. Essentially, any context requiring precise and formal identification of familial relationships.
Generally, 親族 primarily refers to blood relatives. However, depending on the specific legal or social context, it can sometimes include in-laws or relations by marriage. For absolute clarity in legal documents, terms like 姻戚関係 (inseki kankei - relation by marriage) might be used, but 親族 is the overarching formal term for kin.
The pronunciation is approximately 'shin-zo-ku'. The stress is on the first syllable: SHIN-zo-ku. The 'shi' sounds like 'shee', the 'zo' like 'zoh', and the 'ku' like 'koo'.
Yes, common mistakes include using it in casual conversation (where 家族 or specific names are better), confusing it with 家族 (immediate family) or 親戚 (less formal relatives), and assuming it includes very close friends who are not legally related.
Similar words include 家族 (kazoku - family, immediate), 親戚 (shinseki - relatives, less formal), 血縁 (ketsuen - blood relation), and 縁者 (ensha - relative/connection). 親族 is distinguished by its formality and broader, often legal, scope.
Certainly. For example, a will might state: 'This property will be divided among my legal 親族.' (この財産は私の法定の親族に分配される。) This indicates that the division follows legal definitions of kinship.
The Kanji are 親 (shin), meaning 'parent', 'kin', or 'intimate', and 族 (zoku), meaning 'tribe', 'family', or 'group'. Together, they literally mean 'kin group' or 'family tribe', emphasizing a formal, structured kinship.
You might hear it in formal dramas, news reports about legal cases, or documentaries discussing family history or sociology. It's less common in everyday sitcoms or casual reality shows unless the context is specifically formal or legal.
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Summary
親族 (shinzoku) is the formal Japanese term for relatives, encompassing a broad range of familial connections often used in legal, official, or academic contexts, distinguishing it from the more common and casual term 'kazoku' (family).
- Relatives (formal, legal, official).
- Broader than 'kazoku' (family).
- Includes extended family (aunts, uncles, etc.).
- Used in documents, law, and formal settings.
Formality is Key
Always consider the formality of the situation. 親族 is reserved for official, legal, or academic contexts. For everyday chats about your family, stick to 家族 or specific terms for family members.
Shinzoku vs. Kazoku vs. Shinseki
家族 (kazoku) = immediate family/household (casual). 親戚 (shinseki) = relatives (common, less formal). 親族 (shinzoku) = relatives (formal, legal, broad). Think of 親族 as the term used on official documents.
Stress and Sounds
Remember the stress is on the first syllable: SHIN-zo-ku. Practice the distinct 'shi', 'zo', and 'ku' sounds. Avoid confusing 'shi' with 'see'.
Meaning in Characters
The kanji '親' (shin - parent, kin) and '族' (zoku - tribe, group) literally mean 'kin group' or 'family tribe', hinting at its formal and collective nature.
Exemple
結婚式には多くの親族が出席した。
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