Cette page dans ta langue

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 verb #2,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

解決する

kaiketsu suru Top 2,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 解決する en 30 secondes

Explication 解決する in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'kaiketsu suru' as 'to solve' or 'to fix' a simple problem. While the word itself is a bit advanced for absolute beginners, you might hear it in very simple contexts like 'Mondai o kaiketsu shimasu' (I will solve the problem). It is similar to saying 'I found the answer'. You use it when you finish a task or find a way to make something work. It's a useful word to know when you want to sound a bit more formal than just saying 'I did it'. Imagine you are playing a game and you find the key to a door—that is a small 'kaiketsu'.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the A2 level, you start using 'kaiketsu suru' for everyday troubles. For example, if you have a problem with your roommate about the cleaning, and you talk and decide on a rule, you can say 'Mondai ga kaiketsu shimashita' (The problem was resolved). It's a step up from 'naosu' (to fix) because it's about situations, not just broken things. You will see this word in simple news stories or in textbooks when talking about 'how to solve' (kaiketsu no shikata) basic social issues. It helps you describe moving from a difficult situation to a good one.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the B1 level, you should be able to use '解決する' comfortably in work and school settings. This is where you distinguish between 'solving a problem' (kaiketsu) and 'answering a question' (kaitō). You can use it to discuss social issues, like 'how to solve environmental problems' (kankyō mondai o kaiketsu suru). You also begin to use the noun form 'kaiketsu-saku' (solution) to offer suggestions. You understand that this word implies a logical process and a definitive end to a conflict or difficulty. It is a key word for participating in discussions and expressing your opinion on how to improve things.

At the B2 level, you use '解決する' to describe complex, multi-faceted issues. You can discuss the 'fundamental resolution' (kompon-teki na kaiketsu) of a problem versus a 'temporary fix' (ichiji-teki na taishō). You are familiar with its use in legal, political, and technical contexts. You can use the passive voice 'kaiketsu sareru' to talk about how issues are handled by authorities or society. You also start to recognize the nuance between 'kaiketsu' and its synonyms like 'kaishō' (dissolution) or 'shori' (processing), and you can choose the most appropriate word based on the context of the discussion.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C1 level, '解決する' is used with high precision in professional and academic discourse. You can analyze the 'process of resolution' (kaiketsu no katei) and discuss 'dispute resolution' (funsō kaiketsu) in international relations or law. You use it to describe the resolution of cognitive dissonance or complex scientific paradoxes. You are comfortable with formal collocations like 'kaiketsu o miru' (to see a resolution) or 'kaiketsu ni itaru' (to reach a resolution). Your usage reflects an understanding of the systemic implications of a 'kaiketsu', acknowledging that some resolutions are structural while others are merely symptomatic.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C2 level, you master the subtle rhetorical uses of '解決する'. You can use it ironically or critically to discuss 'pseudo-resolutions' in political rhetoric. You understand its philosophical weight in existential or dialectical discussions—where a 'kaiketsu' might represent the synthesis of opposing forces. You can navigate highly technical legal documents where 'kaiketsu' has specific statutory meanings. Your command of the word allows you to discuss the 'unsolvability' (kaiketsu funō) of certain human conditions or mathematical theorems with the nuance of a native speaker, using it to frame complex intellectual inquiries.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

解決する en 30 secondes

解決する (kaiketsu suru) means to solve or resolve abstract problems, disputes, or mysteries definitively.
It is a formal Suru-verb used in business, news, and academic contexts, distinct from physical repairs.
The word implies moving from a state of confusion or conflict to one of clarity and closure.
Commonly paired with 'mondai' (problem) and 'funsō' (dispute), it can be used transitively or intransitively.

The Japanese verb 解決する (kaiketsu suru) is a cornerstone of professional and daily communication, representing the act of resolving a problem, settling a dispute, or finding a definitive answer to a complex situation. It combines two powerful kanji: 解 (kai), meaning to untie, unravel, or understand, and 決 (ketsu), meaning to decide or determine. Together, they imply not just a temporary fix, but a conclusive resolution where the 'knot' of the problem is untied and a 'decision' is reached. In a CEFR B1 context, this word is essential for discussing challenges at work, school, or in personal relationships. It transcends simple 'fixing' (naosu) by implying a logical or systematic conclusion to an issue that was previously ambiguous or problematic.

Core Concept: The transition from a state of conflict or uncertainty to a state of clarity and closure.
Grammatical Function: A Suru-verb (Noun + suru) that functions as a transitive verb taking the particle 'o' for the object being solved.
Nuance: It carries a formal and objective tone, often used in news, business reports, and serious discussions.

話し合いによって、長年の紛争がようやく解決した。

Through discussion, the long-standing dispute was finally resolved.

この数学の難問を解決するには、新しい視点が必要です。

トラブルが解決して、ほっとしました。

政府は経済問題を解決するための新しい政策を発表した。

その事件は、警察の懸命な捜査によって解決された。

Furthermore, 解決する can be used both as an intransitive verb (something resolves) and a transitive verb (someone resolves something). This versatility makes it a high-frequency word in both JLPT N3 and N2 levels. When a problem 'solves itself' or reaches a state of resolution, we say 'mondai ga kaiketsu suru'. When an active agent solves it, we say 'mondai o kaiketsu suru'. Understanding this distinction is key to natural Japanese. In academic writing, it is frequently paired with words like 'ito' (intent) or 'shuhō' (method) to describe the process of scientific discovery or social reform.

Using 解決する correctly requires understanding its collocations and the specific types of 'problems' it addresses. It is most commonly paired with nouns like 問題 (mondai - problem), 紛争 (funsō - dispute), 悩み (nayami - worry/trouble), and 事件 (jiken - incident). Unlike the English 'fix,' which can apply to physical objects like cars, 解決する is almost exclusively for abstract concepts, logical puzzles, or social situations. If your car is broken, you use 'shūri suru' (repair), not 'kaiketsu suru'. However, if the *situation* caused by the car breaking down is causing a logistical nightmare, you might 'kaiketsu' that situation.

Transitive Usage: [Person] ga [Problem] o kaiketsu suru. (I solve the problem.)
Intransitive Usage: [Problem] ga kaiketsu suru. (The problem is resolved.)
Formal Contexts: Often used in the passive form 'kaiketsu sareru' in news reports to emphasize the resolution rather than the actor.

AIを使って、複雑な物流の課題を解決する。

時間が経てば、この問題は自然に解決するでしょう。

彼は持ち前の明るさで、チームの人間関係を解決した。

In professional settings, you will often hear 'kaiketsu-saku' (solution/measure). This is the noun form combined with 'saku' (plan/measure). When presenting at a meeting, you might say, 'Kono mondai ni taisuru kaiketsu-saku o teian shimasu' (I propose a solution to this problem). This sounds much more professional than simply saying 'how to fix it'. The verb can also be used in the potential form 'kaiketsu dekiru' (can solve) or the negative 'kaiketsu dekinai' (cannot solve), which is a common way to express frustration with systemic issues or deep-seated personal conflicts. Remember that 解決 is a kango (Sino-Japanese word), so it naturally feels more formal than wago (native Japanese words) like 'tokun' (to untie/solve).

You will encounter 解決する in a wide variety of environments, ranging from the evening news to the detective novels of Keigo Higashino. In news broadcasts, it is the standard term for reporting that a crime has been solved or a diplomatic standoff has ended. In business, it's the language of the 'problem-solver'—a highly valued trait in corporate Japan. In educational settings, teachers use it when discussing math problems or historical conflicts. Even in daily life, friends might use it when talking about settling a misunderstanding or a difficult family situation.

「犯人が逮捕され、事件はスピード解決に向かいました。」

News Anchor: 'The suspect was arrested, and the case moved toward a speedy resolution.'

「君の力で、このプロジェクトの遅れを解決してほしい。」

Manager: 'I want you to solve the delay in this project with your skills.'

In literature and media, the word often appears in the context of 'mystery solving' (nazo-toki). While 'nazo-toki' is the common term for the act of solving a riddle, the formal conclusion of the plot is often described as 'kaiketsu'. In the legal world, 'saiban-gai kaiketsu' (out-of-court settlement) is a technical term used frequently in legal dramas and news. In psychological contexts, 'mondai kaiketsu nōryoku' (problem-solving ability) is a common phrase used in self-help books and career counseling. Whether it's a high-stakes international treaty or a simple disagreement between roommates, 解決する provides the linguistic framework for reaching a conclusion.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 解決する is using it for physical repairs. In English, 'solve' and 'fix' are sometimes interchangeable, but in Japanese, they are strictly separated. You cannot 'kaiketsu' a broken window or a leaking faucet; for those, you must use 修理する (shūri suru) or 直す (naosu). Another common error is confusing it with 解答する (kaitō suru), which specifically means to 'answer' a question on a test. While solving a math problem is 'kaiketsu suru', providing the specific answer to question number five is 'kaitō suru'.

Mistake 1: Physical Objects: Incorrect: パソコンを解決する (Solve the PC). Correct: パソコンを修理する (Repair the PC).
Mistake 2: Test Answers: Incorrect: テストを解決する (Solve the test). Correct: テストを解く (Solve/Work through the test).

× 壊れたドアを解決する。
○ 壊れたドアを直す。

Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the particle choice. While 'o' is used when you are the agent of change, 'ga' is used when the focus is on the state of the problem. For example, 'Mondai ga kaiketsu shimashita' (The problem has been resolved) is often more natural than 'Mondai o kaiketsu shimashita' unless you want to emphasize that *you* were the one who did it. Finally, avoid using 解決する for 'solving' a mystery in a casual way if you just mean 'figuring it out'—in those cases, 'wakaru' or 'nazo ga tokeru' might be more appropriate for everyday conversation.

Japanese has several words that overlap with 解決する, and choosing the right one depends on the nature of the 'solution'. The most common synonyms are 処理する (shori suru), 解消する (kaishō suru), and 収拾する (shūshū suru). 処理する refers to 'processing' or 'handling' a task or data—it's more about management than finding a final answer. 解消する is used for 'dissolving' something, like stress, a contract, or a misunderstanding, where the goal is to make the problem disappear entirely rather than 'solving' its logic.

解決 vs 処理: 解決 is finding the answer; 処理 is handling the paperwork or the routine task.
解決 vs 解消: 解決 is for problems with answers; 解消 is for feelings or states that need to be removed.
解決 vs 収拾: 収拾 is 'bringing under control', usually used for chaotic situations or riots.

ストレスを解消するために、ジョギングを始めた。

I started jogging to relieve (dissolve) stress.

Another related word is 決着する (ketchaku suru), which means 'to come to a conclusion' or 'to settle a match'. This is often used in sports or long-standing battles where there is a clear winner and loser. While 解決 implies a positive or logical resolution, 決着 just implies that it's over. For example, 'Shōbu no ketchaku ga tsuita' (The match was settled). Understanding these nuances allows you to describe the 'end' of a situation with much greater precision in Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

~ために (for the purpose of)

~によって (by means of)

~ように (so that)

~ことができる (can do)

~ていく / ~てくる (aspectual markers)

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Exemples par niveau

この問題を解決します。

I will solve this problem.

Verb in polite form (masu).

なぞなぞを解決した！

I solved the riddle!

Past tense (ta form).

解決は難しいです。

Solving it is difficult.

Noun form (kaiketsu) used as a subject.

みんなで解決しましょう。

Let's solve it together.

Volitional form (mashō).

どうやって解決しますか？

How do you solve it?

Interrogative sentence.

これは解決しました。

This has been solved.

Polite past tense.

早く解決したいです。

I want to solve it quickly.

Desire form (tai).

解決できて、うれしい。

I'm happy I could solve it.

Te-form for reason/cause.

友達とのけんかを解決しました。

I resolved the fight with my friend.

Object marker 'o' used with 'kenka'.

いい方法で解決しましょう。

Let's solve it in a good way.

Method marker 'de'.

宿題の問題が解決した。

The homework problem was solved.

Intransitive use with 'ga'.

先生が解決してくれました。

The teacher solved it for me.

Benefactive form 'te kureru'.

トラブルを解決するのは大変だ。

Solving trouble is hard.

Nominalizer 'no' used to make a phrase a subject.

お金の問題を解決したい。

I want to solve the money problem.

Compound noun 'okane no mondai'.

話し合えば、解決できます。

If we talk, we can solve it.

Conditional 'ba' + potential 'dekiru'.

解決する方法を教えてください。

Please tell me the way to solve it.

Relative clause modifying 'hōhō'.

このソフトを使えば、課題が解決されます。

If you use this software, the issues will be resolved.

Passive form 'sareru'.

彼は問題解決能力が高い。

He has high problem-solving abilities.

Compound noun 'mondai kaiketsu nōryoku'.

環境問題を解決するために、リサイクルをします。

In order to solve environmental problems, I recycle.

Purpose marker 'tame ni'.

どちらの案が問題を解決できるでしょうか。

I wonder which plan can solve the problem.

Potential form 'dekiru' in a question.

話し合いは、問題の解決に役立ちました。

The discussion was helpful for solving the problem.

Noun form 'kaiketsu' with particle 'ni'.

ようやく事件が解決に向かっています。

The case is finally heading toward a resolution.

Directional phrase 'ni mukatte iru'.

新しい技術が食料不足を解決するかもしれない。

New technology might solve the food shortage.

Modality 'kamoshirenai'.

まずは、小さなことから解決していこう。

First, let's start solving things from the small stuff.

Aspectual form 'te iku' (continuation into future).

政府は経済危機を解決するための抜本的な対策を講じた。

The government took drastic measures to solve the economic crisis.

Formal verb 'kōjiru' (to take measures).

この紛争を解決するには、第三者の介入が必要だ。

To resolve this dispute, third-party intervention is necessary.

Conditional 'ni wa' (for the purpose of).

未解決のまま放置されている問題が山積みだ。

Problems left unresolved are piling up.

Negative prefix 'mi-' (un-) + 'kaiketsu'.

理論的には解決可能だが、実践は難しい。

It is theoretically solvable, but implementation is difficult.

Suffix '-kanō' (possible).

彼はその場しのぎの解決ではなく、根本的な解決を求めた。

He sought a fundamental resolution, not a stopgap one.

Contrast between 'sono ba shinogi' and 'kompon-teki'.

システムのエラーが解決されず、業務が停滞している。

The system error remains unresolved, and work is stagnant.

Negative te-form 'zu' for cause.

この対立を解決する糸口が見つからない。

I can't find a clue to resolve this conflict.

Metaphorical noun 'itoguchi' (clue/thread end).

裁判によって、ようやく長年の争いに解決の目処が立った。

Through the trial, there is finally a prospect of resolving the long-standing dispute.

Idiom 'me-do ga tatsu' (to have prospects).

構造的な格差を解決するには、社会全体の意識改革が不可欠である。

To solve structural inequality, a reform of social consciousness is essential.

Formal 'fukaketsu' (indispensable).

その論文は、長年数学界を悩ませてきた難問を鮮やかに解決した。

That paper brilliantly solved a difficult problem that had plagued the mathematics world for years.

Adverb 'azayaka ni' (brilliantly).

外交交渉が決裂し、武力による解決が懸念されている。

Diplomatic negotiations have broken down, and a resolution by force is feared.

Passive 'ken-en sareru' (is feared).

この矛盾を解決しない限り、プロジェクトの成功は望めない。

Unless this contradiction is resolved, the success of the project cannot be expected.

Conditional 'nai kagiri' (unless).

法的な解決を図るために、弁護士に相談することにした。

In order to seek a legal resolution, I decided to consult a lawyer.

Verb 'hakaru' (to aim for/seek).

一見解決したかのように見えるが、火種は依然として残っている。

It appears to be resolved at first glance, but the seeds of conflict remain.

Conjunction 'ka no yō ni mieru' (looks as if).

彼は自らの内面的な葛藤を、芸術を通じて解決しようと試みた。

He attempted to resolve his internal conflicts through art.

Volitional 'shiyō' + 'kokoromiru' (attempt to).

この問題の解決は、次世代に委ねられることになった。

The resolution of this problem has been entrusted to the next generation.

Passive 'yudanerareru' (be entrusted).

パラドックスの解決は、既存の論理体系の再構築を余儀なくさせた。

The resolution of the paradox necessitated a reconstruction of existing logical systems.

Causative 'yoginaku saseta' (forced/necessitated).

紛争の平和的解決に向けた多国間協議が、膠着状態に陥っている。

Multilateral talks aimed at a peaceful resolution of the conflict have fallen into a stalemate.

Compound 'kōchaku jōtai' (stalemate).

事態の収拾と解決を急ぐあまり、重要な証拠が見落とされた。

In the rush to settle and resolve the situation, crucial evidence was overlooked.

Grammar 'amari' (so much that...).

この哲学的な問いに最終的な解決を与えることは、不可能に近い。

It is nearly impossible to provide a final resolution to this philosophical question.

Noun phrase 'saishū-teki na kaiketsu'.

技術的特異点が、人類の抱える諸問題を一挙に解決するという言説がある。

There is a discourse that the technological singularity will solve all human problems at once.

Adverb 'ikkyo ni' (at once/in one stroke).

歴史的な和解が、領土問題の解決に決定的な役割を果たした。

A historic reconciliation played a decisive role in resolving the territorial dispute.

Idiom 'yakuwari o hatasu' (play a role).

問題が解決を見るまで、我々は監視の手を緩めるつもりはない。

We have no intention of relaxing our surveillance until the problem sees a resolution.

Idiom 'kaiketsu o miru' (to see a resolution).

その場限りの解決策は、往々にして将来の大きな禍根を残すことになる。

Temporary solutions often end up leaving significant seeds of future trouble.

Adverb 'ōō ni shite' (often/frequently).

Collocations courantes

問題を解決する (solve a problem)

紛争を解決する (resolve a dispute)

悩みを解決する (solve a worry)

事件を解決する (solve a case)

根本的に解決する (solve fundamentally)

早期に解決する (solve early)

平和的に解決する (solve peacefully)

自力で解決する (solve by oneself)

解決の糸口 (clue to a solution)

解決策を練る (work out a solution)

Phrases Courantes

問題解決 (problem solving)

未解決事件 (unsolved case)

解決の目処が立つ (prospect of resolution)

スピード解決 (speedy resolution)

裁判外解決 (out-of-court settlement)

自己解決 (self-resolution)

解決の鍵 (key to the solution)

円満解決 (amicable settlement)

最終解決 (final solution)

解決を促す (to urge a resolution)

Souvent confondu avec

解決する vs 修理する (shūri suru)

Used for physical objects like machines or buildings.

解決する vs 解答する (kaitō suru)

Used specifically for answering test questions.

解決する vs 解消する (kaishō suru)

Used for making feelings or states (like stress) disappear.

Expressions idiomatiques

"解決の糸口を見出す (to find a clue to the solution)"

"解決の目処が立つ (to see light at the end of the tunnel)"

"問題を棚上げにする (to shelve a problem - opposite of solving)"

"落とし所を見つける (to find a common ground/settlement point)"

"けりをつける (to settle/finish something)"

"白黒はっきりさせる (to make things clear/settle once and for all)"

"矛を収める (to sheathe the sword/stop fighting)"

"折り合いをつける (to reach a compromise)"

"知恵を絞る (to rack one's brains for a solution)"

"一石二鳥の解決 (a solution that kills two birds with one stone)"

Facile à confondre

解決する vs

Structures de phrases

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour voir tous les exemples

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Formal and logical.

formality

High; used in professional and academic writing.

restriction

Do not use for physical repairs (cars, windows).

Erreurs courantes

Astuces

Pair with 'Mondai'

The most natural pairing is 'Mondai o kaiketsu suru'. If you are unsure, this is always a safe and correct combination to use in any setting.

Passive Voice

In news reports, you will often hear 'kaiketsu saremashita'. This focuses on the fact that the problem is over, rather than who did it. It sounds very objective.

Learn 'Mikaiketsu'

If you like crime dramas, 'Mikaiketsu' (unsolved) is a must-know word. It's often used for cold cases or mysterious disappearances.

Harmony First

Remember that in Japan, a 'kaiketsu' that makes everyone feel respected is often better than a 'kaiketsu' that is just logically perfect but hurts feelings.

Business Pro

When you find a bug in a system, tell your boss 'Kaiketsu-saku o sagashite imasu' (I am looking for a solution). It shows you are proactive and professional.

Kanji Practice

The kanji 'Kai' (解) is also in 'wakaru' (to understand). Thinking of 'kaiketsu' as 'making it understandable and decided' helps you remember the meaning.

Context Clues

If you hear 'kaiketsu' in a movie, look at the characters' faces. If they look relieved, the problem is gone. If they look tense, they might be talking about a 'mikaiketsu' issue.

Untie the Knot

The first kanji '解' looks like a horn and a knife. Imagine using a knife to carefully untie a difficult knot. That is the essence of 'kaiketsu'.

JLPT Tip

In the JLPT, 'kaiketsu' is often the correct answer when the context involves a 'trouble' (toraburu) or 'dispute' (arasoi).

Not for Tests

Don't say 'kaiketsu' for a multiple-choice question on a test. Use 'toku' (to solve) or 'kotaeru' (to answer). 'Kaiketsu' is for bigger issues.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Sino-Japanese (Kango) origin, combining the concepts of unraveling a knot and making a firm decision.

Contexte culturel

High preference for settlements over long court battles.

Harmony is often prioritized over a 'perfect' logical solution.

Focuses on consensus and long-term stability.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"最近、何か解決した悩みはありますか？ (Is there any worry you've solved recently?)"

"この問題を解決するには、どうすればいいと思いますか？ (What do you think we should do to solve this problem?)"

"仕事で一番解決するのが難しかったことは何ですか？ (What was the hardest thing to solve at work?)"

"環境問題を解決するために、私たちができることは何でしょう？ (What can we do to solve environmental problems?)"

"なぞなぞを解決するのは得意ですか？ (Are you good at solving riddles?)"

Sujets d'écriture

今日解決した小さな問題を書き出してみましょう。 (Write down a small problem you solved today.)

将来、社会のどんな問題を解決したいですか？ (What social problem do you want to solve in the future?)

解決できないと思っていたことが解決した経験はありますか？ (Have you ever experienced something you thought was unsolvable getting solved?)

問題解決のために一番大切な能力は何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the most important ability for problem solving?)

最近のニュースで、解決してよかったと思う事件は何ですか？ (What incident in the news are you glad was resolved?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, for a broken phone, you should use 修理する (shūri suru) or 直す (naosu). 解決する is for abstract problems like a software bug or a billing dispute. If you 'kaiketsu' a phone problem, it implies you solved a contract issue, not the screen.

解決 implies a logical or positive resolution where the problem is 'solved'. 決着 (ketchaku) simply means a conclusion or settlement, often used in competitions or fights where there is a winner and a loser. 解決 is more about the 'answer', while 決着 is about the 'end'.

It can be both. 'Mondai o kaiketsu suru' (transitive) means someone solves the problem. 'Mondai ga kaiketsu suru' (intransitive) means the problem reaches a resolution. Both are very common in Japanese.

Yes, 'sūgaku no mondai o kaiketsu suru' is correct and formal. However, in a classroom setting, students often use '解く' (toku) which means 'to solve/work through' the problem.

You use the prefix '未' (mi-) to make '未解決' (mikaiketsu). This is commonly used for 'unsolved mysteries' (mikaiketsu jiken).

Yes, but it sounds a bit serious. For small daily things, people might say 'katazuita' (it's settled/done) or 'naotta' (it's fixed). Use 解決 when the issue felt like a real 'problem'.

It means 'a solution' or 'a measure to solve something'. 'Saku' means a plan or strategy. It is a very common word in business meetings.

Generally, no. For feelings like stress or anxiety, '解消する' (kaishō suru) is better. However, if you have a 'problem' with your feelings that needs a logical answer, you might use 解決.

The most direct opposite is '悪化する' (akka suru - to worsen) or '紛糾する' (funkyū suru - to become entangled/complicated).

Yes, it is a core vocabulary word for the JLPT N3 level and is essential for moving into the N2 level. It appears frequently in reading and listening sections.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour les astuces et notes