Overview
The Korean verb '부서지다' (buseojida) describes the action of something breaking, shattering, or falling apart, particularly when referring to mechanical objects, solid materials, or things that can be fractured or crushed. It implies a degree of force or impact leading to the disintegration or damage of an object.
Nuances and Usage:
- 1Mechanical Breakage: '부서지다' is commonly used for things like machinery, vehicles, or electronic devices that cease to function due to a structural break. For example, a car engine breaking down or a phone screen cracking.
- Example: 자동차 엔진이 부서졌어요. (Jadongcha enjin-i buseojyeosseoyo.) - The car engine broke down.
- 1Solid Object Shattering/Crushing: It applies to solid objects like glass, ceramics, rocks, or even ice that shatter, crack, or get crushed into smaller pieces. The verb emphasizes the destruction of the object's integrity.
- Example: 유리컵이 바닥에 떨어져 부서졌다. (Yuri-keop-i badak-e tteoreojyeo buseojyeotda.) - The glass cup fell on the floor and broke.
- 1Figurative Use (Limited): While primarily literal, '부서지다' can be used figuratively in certain contexts to describe dreams, hopes, or plans being shattered or ruined, though '깨지다' (kkaejida) is often more common for such abstract concepts. However, if the implication is a complete and forceful destruction of a plan or hope, '부서지다' can sometimes be employed to convey a stronger sense of devastation.
- Example (Figurative): 그의 꿈은 산산이 부서졌다. (Geu-ui kkum-eun sansan-i buseojyeotda.) - His dreams were shattered to pieces. (Here, '산산이' (sansan-i - into pieces) intensifies the meaning).
Conjugation Examples:
- Present Tense (Declarative):
- Formal Polite: 부서집니다 (buseojimnida)
- Informal Polite: 부서져요 (buseojyeoyo)
- Plain: 부서진다 (buseojinda)
- Past Tense (Declarative):
- Formal Polite: 부서졌습니다 (buseojyeotseumnida)
- Informal Polite: 부서졌어요 (buseojyeosseoyo)
- Plain: 부서졌다 (buseojyeotda)
- Future Tense (Declarative):
- Formal Polite: 부서질 것입니다 (buseojil geosimnida)
- Informal Polite: 부서질 거예요 (buseojil geoyeyo)
- Plain: 부서질 것이다 (buseojil geosida)
Related Verbs and Distinctions:
- 깨지다 (kkaejida): Also means 'to break' or 'to shatter', but often implies a break into fewer, larger pieces, or a crack. It's also very commonly used for abstract concepts like promises, records, or relationships breaking. '부서지다' often suggests a more thorough or complete disintegration.
- 고장나다 (gojangnada): Means 'to break down' or 'to malfunction', specifically for machines or electronic devices ceasing to work, but not necessarily implying a physical structural break, just a functional failure.
- 망가지다 (mang-gajida): Means 'to be broken', 'to be ruined', or 'to be spoiled'. It's a more general term for something becoming unusable or damaged, and can apply to a wider range of objects and situations, including abstract things like reputation.
In summary, '부서지다' is a strong verb indicating the physical breaking, shattering, or disintegrating of a solid or mechanical object due to impact or force, leading to its destruction or severe damage.
Exemples
컵이 바닥에 떨어져 부서졌다.
The cup fell to the floor and broke.
오래된 의자가 부서질 것 같다.
The old chair looks like it's about to break.
Collocations courantes
Souvent confondu avec
‘부서지다’ is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be broken, to be smashed'. It describes a state where something becomes broken on its own or due to an external force without a direct agent. For example, '유리가 부서지다' (The glass breaks). In contrast, ‘부수다’ is a transitive verb meaning 'to break, to smash, to destroy'. It implies an agent actively performing the action of breaking something. For example, '아이가 유리를 부수다' (The child breaks the glass).
Modèles grammaticaux
Expressions idiomatiques
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Comment l'utiliser
Notes d'usage
'부서지다' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. It describes the state of something breaking on its own or as a result of an external force, without the subject actively breaking it. For example, '유리가 부서졌다' (yuriga buseojyeotda) means 'the glass broke.' If you want to express that someone broke something, you would typically use the transitive verb '부수다' (busuda), as in '내가 유리를 부쉈다' (naega yurireul busueotda) meaning 'I broke the glass.' '부서지다' is commonly used for objects like glass, pottery, machinery, or even abstract concepts like a barrier or a dream. It implies a more complete and often irreversible state of brokenness compared to verbs like '고장 나다' (gojang nada), which means 'to be out of order' or 'to malfunction' but implies a possibility of repair. The past tense form '부서졌다' is frequently used to describe an event that has already occurred.
Erreurs courantes
A common mistake for learners is confusing '부서지다' with similar verbs like '깨지다' (kkaejida - to break, usually glass or fragile items), '고장나다' (gojangnada - to break down, typically for machines or electronics), or '망가지다' (manggajida - to be broken, ruined, or spoiled, with a broader usage that can sometimes overlap but often implies more general damage or being out of order). While '부서지다' can sometimes be used interchangeably with '망가지다' for mechanical items, it more specifically refers to something breaking apart or being fractured into pieces, often with a physical impact or force. For instance, a toy car might '부서지다' if you step on it, but a computer would '고장나다' if it stops working. A window '깨지다' but a wooden stick '부서지다'. Paying attention to the type of object and the nature of the breaking helps in distinguishing these verbs. Also, remembering that '부서지다' often implies a more significant or visible fragmentation can be helpful.
Origine du mot
The word '부서지다' (buseojida) is a compound verb in Korean, meaning 'to be broken' or 'to shatter'. Its etymological roots can be traced back to the combination of two older Korean elements: '부수다' (busuda) and '-어지다' (-eojida). 1. 부수다 (busuda): This is the active verb meaning 'to break (something), to smash, to crush'. It implies an action performed by an agent. The exact origin of '부수다' is somewhat obscure, but it is believed to have developed from older Korean forms expressing the action of destroying or taking apart. It likely has an ancient Korean root, possibly related to onomatopoeic sounds associated with breaking. 2. -어지다 (-eojida): This is a passive suffix in Korean, which when attached to a verb stem, transforms an active verb into a passive one, indicating that the action is done to the subject, or that the subject undergoes the action naturally. For example, '만들다' (mandeulda - to make) becomes '만들어지다' (mandeureojida - to be made). The suffix '-어지다' itself is a grammaticalization of the verb '지다' (jida), which has various meanings including 'to fall', 'to lose', or 'to become'. In the context of forming a passive, it signifies the state of becoming or undergoing the action. Therefore, '부서지다' literally translates to 'to become broken' or 'to be in a broken state'. It emphasizes the result or the state of being broken, rather than the action of breaking itself, which is conveyed by '부수다'. The word has been consistently used in this sense throughout modern and middle Korean, with its structure reflecting a common pattern of passive verb formation in the language. Its use covers a wide range of inanimate objects, from mechanical devices to solid materials, highlighting the completeness of the breakage.
Contexte culturel
The verb '부서지다' (buseojida) in Korean means 'to break' or 'to be broken,' particularly in reference to something mechanical or solid. It carries a sense of something shattering, falling apart, or becoming fragmented due to external force or internal weakness. Culturally, the act of something breaking can be viewed with various nuances. It might symbolize loss, destruction, or the end of a cycle, similar to how a broken object is no longer functional. In a more metaphorical sense, it can be used to describe the breaking of a heart ('마음이 부서지다') due to sorrow or hardship, or the breaking of a dream or hope. The sound associated with '부서지다' is often sharp and sudden, evoking a sense of finality. While not inherently negative, the word often appears in contexts where something desirable or functional ceases to be so.
Astuce mémo
Visualize a '부서진' (broken) brick. The pronunciation of '부서지다' sounds a bit like 'boo-saw-jee-da'. Imagine you're saying 'boo' to a saw that 'jee' (just) 'da' (did) break. Or think of '부서지다' as 'boo-suh-ji-da', and imagine a 'boo' noise as something breaks, and 'suh-ji' sounds a bit like 'sudden,' implying a sudden break.
Questions fréquentes
4 questions'부서지다' (buseojida) is a Korean verb that means 'to break,' 'to shatter,' 'to be smashed,' or 'to be crushed.' It typically refers to something mechanical or solid breaking into pieces, often with a sense of irreversible damage or destruction. It implies that the object loses its original form and integrity.
Certainly! Here are a few examples: 1. '유리컵이 바닥에 떨어져 부서졌다.' (Yuri-keopi badage tteoreojeo buseojyeotda.) - The glass fell to the floor and broke. 2. '오래된 건물이 폭풍에 의해 부서졌다.' (Oraedoen geonmuri pokpunge uihae buseojyeotda.) - The old building was destroyed by the storm. 3. '파도가 바위에 부서진다.' (Pado-ga bai-e buseojinda.) - The waves break against the rocks. 4. '그의 희망이 산산조각 부서졌다.' (Geu-ui huimangi sansanjogak buseojyeotda.) - His hopes were shattered into a thousand pieces.
While both '부서지다' and '깨지다' (kkaejida) mean 'to break,' they often have slightly different connotations. '깨지다' is generally used for things that are fragile and tend to crack or break into a few pieces, like glass, eggs, or ice. '부서지다,' on the other hand, often implies a more thorough or complete destruction, breaking into many smaller pieces, or the collapse of something solid or mechanical. Think of '깨지다' as a crack or a simple break, and '부서지다' as shattering or being crushed.
Yes, there are! A common phrase is '산산조각 부서지다' (sansanjogak buseojida), which means 'to be shattered into a thousand pieces' or 'to be completely broken.' It can be used literally for objects, but also metaphorically for hopes, dreams, or plans. Another related expression is '마음이 부서지다' (maeumi buseojida), meaning 'one's heart is broken' or 'to be heartbroken.'
Teste-toi
차가 고장 나서 ____.
유리잔이 바닥에 떨어져서 ____.
파도가 바위에 ____.
Score : /3
Exemples
2 sur 2컵이 바닥에 떨어져 부서졌다.
The cup fell to the floor and broke.
오래된 의자가 부서질 것 같다.
The old chair looks like it's about to break.
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