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B1 noun 10 min de lecture

비판

bipan

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 비판 en 30 secondes

Explication 비판 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '비판' (bipan) might be a bit difficult because it is an abstract noun used in more serious contexts. However, you can think of it as a way to say 'saying something is bad' but in a smart way. At this level, you mostly learn words like '좋아요' (good) or '나빠요' (bad). '비판' is like the professional version of '나빠요'. You might see it in simple news headlines. Remember: '비판' = criticism. It's when someone looks at a thing and says what is wrong with it. You don't need to use it in your own sentences yet, but try to recognize it when you see it in a book or on a poster about social issues. It has two parts: '비' and '판'. They come from Chinese characters that mean to judge. So, it's like a 'judgment'. If a teacher tells you how to fix your homework, they are giving you a very small '비판'. Just remember it means a smart person is saying what they think is wrong with something.

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For A2 learners, '비판' is a word you will start to see in textbooks and simple articles. It's a noun. To turn it into an action, you add '하다' to make '비판하다' (to criticize). You should know that '비판' is different from '화내다' (to be angry). When people '비판해요', they usually have a reason. For example, '그는 영화를 비판해요' means 'He criticizes the movie.' He isn't just saying it's bad; he's probably saying the story is weak or the acting is poor. You can also use the passive form '비판을 받다' (to receive criticism). For example, '그 가수는 비판을 받았어요' (That singer received criticism). This is useful when talking about news or public figures. At this level, try to use it with simple objects like movies, books, or food. It makes your Korean sound more advanced than just using '안 좋아요' (It's not good).

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '비판' in your own discussions about society, art, or work. You should understand the nuance that '비판' is logical and analytical. This is the target level for this word. You can start using common phrases like '건설적인 비판' (constructive criticism) or '비판적인 시각' (a critical perspective). You should also learn the difference between '비판' and '비난'. This is a very important cultural point in Korea. If you are in a meeting and you want to point out a flaw in a plan, you can say '이 계획에 대해 비판할 점이 있습니다' (There are some points to criticize about this plan). It sounds professional. You can also use '비판' to describe the theme of a book or a movie, like '이 소설은 전쟁을 비판하고 있어요' (This novel is criticizing war). You are moving from simple descriptions to expressing analytical thoughts.

B2 learners should use '비판' fluently in academic and professional contexts. You should be comfortable with various grammatical structures like '...에 대한 비판' (criticism regarding...) and '...라는 비판을 면치 못하다' (cannot avoid the criticism that...). At this level, you should be able to distinguish '비판' from '비평' (critique) and '지적' (pointing out). You might use '비판' in a debate to challenge an opponent's logic: '그 논리는 비판의 여지가 많습니다' (That logic has much room for criticism). You should also understand how '비판' is used in Korean media to hold the government or large corporations accountable. It's not just a word; it's a tool for civic engagement. You can write essays using '비판적 사고' (critical thinking) as a core concept. Your use of '비판' should show that you understand not just the word, but the intellectual process behind it.

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As a C1 learner, you should understand the philosophical and historical connotations of '비판'. This word is used in the titles of famous philosophical works, such as Kant's '순수이성비판' (Critique of Pure Reason). You should be able to discuss the role of '비판' in a democratic society and how it differs from '냉소' (cynicism). You can use more advanced collocations like '비판의 칼날을 세우다' (to sharpen the blade of criticism) or '비판을 수용하다' (to accept/embrace criticism). Your usage should be nuanced; you can discuss the '비판적 기능' (critical function) of art or literature in depth. You should also be sensitive to the social consequences of '비판' in Korean culture, such as how it affects '체면' (face) and how to deliver it in a way that remains '건설적' (constructive) while being '날카로운' (sharp). You are now using the word at a native-like professional or academic level.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '비판' and its place in the Korean linguistic landscape. You can engage in high-level intellectual discourse, analyzing the '비판적 담론' (critical discourse) of various eras. You understand the subtle differences in how '비판' is used in legal, political, and aesthetic contexts. You can use the word to discuss meta-concepts, like '비판에 대한 비판' (a critique of a critique). You are comfortable with archaic or highly formal Hanja-based synonyms that might appear in classical literature or high-level academic journals. You can navigate the most sensitive social situations, delivering or responding to '비판' with perfect register and cultural awareness. For you, '비판' is not just a vocabulary item but a fundamental element of the logic and rhetoric you use to navigate the Korean-speaking world at its highest levels.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

비판 en 30 secondes

비판 (bipan) means logical and analytical criticism or review.
It is different from '비난' (binan), which is emotional blame.
Commonly used in news, academic writing, and professional feedback.
Can be turned into a verb: '비판하다' (to criticize).

The Korean word 비판 (bipan) translates primarily to 'criticism' or 'critical review' in English. However, its usage in Korean culture and language carries a specific weight of logical evaluation and intellectual judgment. Unlike mere complaining or venting, 비판 implies a process of analyzing a subject—whether it be a book, a political policy, a social phenomenon, or an individual's actions—and pointing out its merits and faults based on a set of standards. It is a fundamental concept in academic, journalistic, and professional discourse in South Korea.

Intellectual Rigor: When a professor provides feedback on a thesis, they are engaging in 비판. This is seen as a necessary step for improvement and truth-seeking rather than a personal attack.
Public Discourse: In the news, you will frequently hear about '정부의 정책에 대한 비판' (criticism of government policy). Here, it signifies the democratic process of holding power accountable through logical scrutiny.
Artistic Review: A movie critic or literary reviewer uses 비판 to dissect a work. This involves looking at the structure, themes, and execution to provide a comprehensive evaluation.

It is crucial to distinguish 비판 from its close cousin, 비난 (binan). While 비판 seeks to be objective and constructive, 비난 is often subjective, emotional, and aimed at blaming or shaming. If you tell someone their logic is flawed, it is 비판. If you call them names because you are angry, it is 비난. Understanding this distinction is vital for navigating social interactions in Korea where 'saving face' (체면) is important.

건설적인 비판은 성장의 밑거름이 됩니다.

Constructive criticism becomes the foundation for growth.

In daily life, Koreans might use 비판 when discussing social issues over coffee or when evaluating a new company direction. It is a word that commands respect because it suggests the speaker has put thought into their assessment. However, because Korean culture values harmony, even a logical 비판 is often delivered with soft language or indirect expressions to avoid direct confrontation, especially with superiors.

그 영화는 평론가들로부터 혹독한 비판을 받았습니다.

That movie received harsh criticism from critics.

Academic Context: In university settings, students are encouraged to engage in '비판적 토론' (critical discussion) to refine their ideas.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with the verb '하다' (to do) or '받다' (to receive). '비판을 하다' means to criticize, while '비판을 받다' means to be criticized. In more formal writing, you might see '비판에 직면하다' (to face criticism). These variations allow the speaker to place the focus on the actor or the recipient of the judgment.

우리는 무분별한 비판을 경계해야 합니다.

We must be wary of indiscriminate criticism.

In summary, 비판 is a versatile and essential noun for any B1-level learner. It bridges the gap between basic everyday conversation and the more sophisticated language required for news, education, and professional life in Korea. By mastering its nuances—specifically its logical and analytical nature—you will be able to express complex opinions and understand the deeper layers of Korean societal debates.

Using 비판 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verb pairings. Most frequently, it acts as the object of a sentence. Because it is a noun derived from Hanja (批判), it can be easily transformed into a verb by adding '-하다'.

With '하다' (Active): '비판하다' means to criticize. Example: '그녀는 사회의 부조리를 비판했다.' (She criticized the absurdities of society.)
With '받다' (Passive): '비판을 받다' means to receive criticism. Example: '그 정책은 많은 비판을 받았다.' (The policy received a lot of criticism.)
With '가하다' (Formal/Impactful): '비판을 가하다' means to level or inflict criticism upon someone/something. It sounds more formal and aggressive.

그의 논문은 논리적인 비판을 견디지 못했다.

His thesis could not withstand logical criticism.

When describing the *type* of criticism, you can use various adjectives. Common ones include '날카로운' (sharp), '혹독한' (harsh), '건설적인' (constructive), and '정당한' (justified). These adjectives help specify the tone and intent of the critique.

상대방의 의견에 대해 비판할 때는 예의를 갖춰야 합니다.

When criticizing someone else's opinion, you must show courtesy.

In complex sentences, 비판 is often the target of a prepositional phrase using '에 대한' (about/regarding). This is the standard way to identify what is being criticized. For example, '환경 오염에 대한 비판' (criticism regarding environmental pollution). This structure is extremely common in academic writing and news reports.

언론은 정부에 대해 비판의 목소리를 높였다.

The media raised its voice of criticism against the government.

Another important grammatical point is the use of '비판적' (adjective) and '비판적으로' (adverb). '비판적 사고' (critical thinking) is a key phrase in education. '그는 상황을 비판적으로 바라본다' (He looks at the situation critically) shows the adverbial use. These forms allow for more flexible sentence structures.

현대 미술은 사회를 비판하는 기능을 하기도 합니다.

Modern art also functions to criticize society.

Finally, consider the particles. '비판이' (subject), '비판을' (object), '비판에' (to/at criticism). For example, '비판에 귀를 기울이다' (to listen to criticism). This demonstrates how 비판 integrates into standard Korean verb phrases to express complex interactions between individuals and ideas.

You will encounter 비판 in several specific environments in Korea. It is not a word you usually hear in a kindergarten playground, but rather in places where ideas are exchanged and debated. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the 'vibe' of the word.

The Evening News (뉴스): This is the most common place. News anchors often report on '여론의 비판' (public criticism) regarding new laws, celebrity scandals, or corporate ethics. It sounds formal, serious, and consequential.
University Lectures (대학 강의): Professors in humanities and social sciences use it constantly. They might ask students to '기존 이론을 비판적으로 검토하라' (critically examine existing theories). In this context, it is a tool for intellectual growth.
Office Meetings (회의): While Koreans value 'nunchi' (social sensing) and harmony, a manager might ask for '자유로운 비판' (free criticism) of a project plan to ensure its success. However, even here, the '비판' is expected to be professional and data-driven.

In the media, '비판' is often used in the context of '비판의 화살' (the arrow of criticism). This metaphorical language describes how public scrutiny is directed at a specific person or organization. You might read a headline like '비판의 화살이 감독에게 향하고 있다' (The arrow of criticism is pointing at the director).

그 기사는 정부의 경제 정책을 정면으로 비판했습니다.

That article directly criticized the government's economic policy.

You will also hear it in documentaries and talk shows discussing social issues. When speakers discuss '사회적 비판' (social criticism), they are talking about how society as a whole judges certain behaviors or trends. For example, the '비판' of excessive consumerism or the '비판' of the education system's pressure on students.

시민 단체들은 그 기업의 환경 파괴를 강력히 비판하고 나섰습니다.

Civilian groups have come forward to strongly criticize the company's environmental destruction.

In literary and film circles, '비판' is synonymous with 'critique.' A '비판적 평론' (critical essay) is a standard piece of writing that analyzes a work's meaning. If you are interested in Korean cinema or literature, you will see this word in every review and analysis.

그의 작품은 자본주의에 대한 날카로운 비판을 담고 있다.

His work contains a sharp criticism of capitalism.

Lastly, in the digital age, you will see '비판' in online forums and comment sections. While many comments are just '비난' (blame), more thoughtful users will prefix their comments by saying '비판적인 시각에서 보자면...' (Looking at it from a critical perspective...), signaling that they are trying to provide a balanced and logical argument rather than just hate speech.

For English speakers, the most common mistake is failing to distinguish between 비판 (bipan) and 비난 (binan). In English, 'criticism' can cover both a logical review and a mean-spirited attack. In Korean, these are strictly separated.

Confusing Bipan with Binan: If you say someone is '비판'ing you when they are actually just shouting insults, you are using the wrong word. '비판' implies logic. '비난' implies emotion and blame. Using '비판' for a personal insult makes the insult sound strangely academic.
Misusing the Particle '에' vs '을': Learners often say '사람을 비판하다' (criticize a person) which is fine, but when they want to say 'criticism of...', they forget to use '에 대한'. '그의 행동 비판' is understandable but '그의 행동에 대한 비판' is the correct, natural phrasing.
Overusing it in Casual Settings: Using '비판' when talking to a friend about their choice of shoes sounds overly dramatic and formal. In casual settings, words like '지적' (pointing out) or even just '말하다' (to say) are more appropriate.

그는 근거 없는 비난과 정당한 비판을 구분해야 한다고 말했다.

He said that one must distinguish between groundless blame (binan) and justified criticism (bipan).

Another mistake involves the word '비평' (bipyeong). While '비판' is general criticism, '비평' is specifically 'critique' in art, literature, or music. If you are talking about a movie review, '비평' is often more precise, though '비판' is also used if the review is particularly negative or analytical.

단순한 비판을 넘어 대안을 제시하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to go beyond simple criticism and suggest alternatives.

Learners also struggle with the level of formality. '비판' is a high-register word. If you use it in an informal sentence with '-어/아' endings, it creates a contrast that can sound sarcastic or unintentionally funny. Match the word '비판' with polite or formal endings like '-해요' or '-합니다' in most contexts.

Finally, remember that '비판' is usually about ideas or actions, not the person's inherent character. If you criticize someone's personality, it quickly slides into '비난'. Keeping your '비판' focused on '행동' (actions) or '생각' (thoughts) is not just a linguistic rule but a cultural one for maintaining respect.

To truly master 비판, you need to know how it compares to other words in the same semantic field. Korean has a rich vocabulary for expressing judgment and feedback.

비판 (Bipan) vs. 비평 (Bipyeong): 비판 is general and often focuses on pointing out flaws or errors in logic. 비평 is specialized for 'critique' in the arts and humanities. A '문학 비평' (literary critique) is more about interpretation, while '사회 비판' (social criticism) is about pointing out societal problems.
비판 (Bipan) vs. 비난 (Binan): As discussed, 비판 is objective/logical, while 비난 is subjective/emotional. If the goal is to improve something, it's 비판. If the goal is to hurt someone's reputation, it's 비난.
비판 (Bipan) vs. 지적 (Jijeok): 지적 means 'pointing out' or 'indicating.' It is often used for specific errors. '오타를 지적하다' (point out a typo). 비판 is broader and concerns the whole logic or system.

그는 동료의 실수를 지적하기보다는 정책 자체를 비판했다.

Rather than pointing out his colleague's mistake, he criticized the policy itself.

In academic writing, you might also see 고찰 (gochal), which means 'consideration' or 'investigation.' It is softer than 비판. If you want to review something without necessarily being negative, 고찰 is a great choice.

이 논문은 현대 사회의 소외 현상을 비판적으로 고찰한다.

This paper critically investigates the phenomenon of alienation in modern society.

When you want to express 'praise' as an antonym, use 칭찬 (chingchan) for everyday praise, or 격찬 (gyeokchan) / 찬사 (chansa) for high-level, formal praise. '비판과 찬사' (criticism and praise) is a common pairing in reviews.

Register Check: Use '비판' in essays, news, and debates. Use '뭐라 하다' in casual speech with friends. Use '훈계' (admonition) when an elder is teaching a younger person through criticism.

Understanding these synonyms and antonyms allows you to calibrate your speech. If you feel '비판' is too strong, you might say '아쉬운 점을 이야기하다' (talk about regrettable points). This kind of linguistic flexibility is the hallmark of a B1-B2 learner.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The character 批 (bi) originally depicted a hand (扌) and a comparison (比), suggesting the act of comparing things by hand to judge them.

Guide de prononciation

UK /bi.pʰan/

US /bi.pʰan/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal weight, but a slight emphasis can be placed on the second syllable '판' in emphatic speech.

Rime avec

심판 (sim-pan) - judgment/referee 재판 (jae-pan) - trial 출판 (chul-pan) - publishing 개판 (gae-pan) - a mess/dog's place 간판 (gan-pan) - signboard 기판 (gi-pan) - circuit board 동판 (dong-pan) - copper plate 철판 (cheol-pan) - iron plate

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing '비' as a heavy English 'B'. It should be lighter.
Failing to aspirate '판'. It should sound like 'p-han'.
Pronouncing '판' like 'pan' (cooking tool). The 'a' sound is 'ah', not 'ae'.
Merging the two syllables too quickly.
Confusing the sound with '비반' (which is not a common word).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Common in news and books, but requires understanding Hanja nuances.

Écriture 4/5

Requires correct particle usage (에 대한) and formal verb forms.

Expression orale 3/5

Used in debates; pronunciation of aspirated 'p' is key.

Écoute 3/5

Frequent in news broadcasts and documentaries.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

판단 (judgment) 생각 (thought) 말하다 (to speak) 나쁘다 (to be bad) 이유 (reason)

Apprends ensuite

비평 (critique) 비난 (blame) 논리 (logic) 분석 (analysis) 대안 (alternative)

Avancé

변증법 (dialectics) 해체 (deconstruction) 담론 (discourse) 성찰 (reflection) 부조리 (absurdity)

Grammaire à connaître

~에 대한 (About/Regarding)

그 정책에 대한 비판이 많다.

~적 (Suffix to make adjectives)

그는 비판적 시각을 가지고 있다.

~음/기 (Nominalization)

비판하기는 쉽지만 대안을 내놓기는 어렵다.

~지 못하다 (Cannot/Unable to)

그는 비판을 면치 못했다.

~로부터 (From)

그는 대중으로부터 비판을 받았다.

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Exemples par niveau

그 영화는 비판을 받았어요.

That movie received criticism.

비판 (criticism) + 을 (object particle) + 받다 (to receive).

비판은 중요해요.

Criticism is important.

비판 (criticism) + 은 (topic particle) + 중요하다 (to be important).

그는 나를 비판해요.

He criticizes me.

비판하다 (to criticize) in the present tense.

너무 많은 비판이 있어요.

There is too much criticism.

비판 (criticism) + 이 (subject particle) + 있다 (to exist).

친구의 비판을 들어요.

I listen to my friend's criticism.

비판 (criticism) + 을 (object particle) + 듣다 (to listen).

이 책은 사회 비판이에요.

This book is social criticism.

사회 (society) + 비판 (criticism) + 이에요 (is).

비판하지 마세요.

Please don't criticize.

-지 마세요 (Please don't) attached to 비판하다.

좋은 비판이 필요해요.

Good criticism is needed.

좋은 (good) + 비판 (criticism) + 필요하다 (to be needed).

선생님은 제 숙제를 비판하셨어요.

The teacher criticized my homework.

Honorific form -셨어요 used for the teacher.

사람들이 그 정책을 비판하고 있어요.

People are criticizing that policy.

-고 있다 (present progressive) attached to 비판하다.

비판을 받으면 기분이 안 좋아요.

When I receive criticism, I don't feel good.

-(으)면 (if/when) grammar.

그 가수는 노래 실력 때문에 비판을 받았다.

That singer received criticism because of their singing ability.

때문에 (because of) indicates the reason for criticism.

우리는 서로를 비판하면 안 돼요.

We shouldn't criticize each other.

-(으)면 안 되다 (should not) grammar.

이 기사는 정부를 비판하는 내용이에요.

This article is about criticizing the government.

-는 (adjective-making particle for verbs) attached to 비판하다.

그의 행동은 비판을 받아 마땅하다.

His actions deserve criticism.

-아/어 마땅하다 (to deserve/to be natural).

건설적인 비판은 도움이 됩니다.

Constructive criticism is helpful.

건설적인 (constructive) as an adjective.

그 작가는 사회의 부조리를 날카롭게 비판했다.

That author sharply criticized the absurdities of society.

날카롭게 (sharply) as an adverb modifying 비판했다.

상대방의 의견을 비판하기 전에 먼저 들어보세요.

Before criticizing the other person's opinion, listen first.

-기 전에 (before doing) attached to 비판하다.

그 정책은 현실성이 없다는 비판을 받고 있다.

The policy is receiving criticism for lacking realism.

-다는 (quoting particle) used to explain the content of the criticism.

비판적인 사고를 기르는 것이 교육의 목표입니다.

Developing critical thinking is the goal of education.

비판적인 사고 (critical thinking) is a fixed expression.

무분별한 비판은 오히려 갈등을 일으킬 수 있습니다.

Indiscriminate criticism can rather cause conflict.

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 (can/might) expressing possibility.

그 영화는 평론가들로부터 혹독한 비판을 받았습니다.

The movie received harsh criticism from critics.

혹독한 (harsh/severe) as an adjective.

우리는 그의 주장을 비판적으로 검토해야 합니다.

We must critically examine his claims.

비판적으로 (critically) as an adverb.

그는 자신의 잘못에 대한 비판을 겸허히 수용했다.

He humbly accepted the criticism of his mistakes.

겸허히 (humbly) and 수용하다 (to accept/embrace).

언론은 정부의 실책에 대해 비판의 목소리를 높였다.

The media raised its voice of criticism regarding the government's blunders.

비판의 목소리를 높이다 (to raise one's voice of criticism) is an idiom.

그의 논리는 일관성이 부족하다는 비판을 면하기 어렵다.

It is difficult for his logic to avoid the criticism that it lacks consistency.

비판을 면하기 어렵다 (to be hard to avoid criticism).

그 작품은 현대인의 고독을 비판적으로 묘사하고 있다.

The work critically depicts the loneliness of modern people.

비판적으로 묘사하다 (to depict critically).

건전한 비판이 보장될 때 사회는 발전할 수 있습니다.

Society can develop when healthy criticism is guaranteed.

보장되다 (to be guaranteed) in the passive voice.

그는 비판을 위한 비판보다는 대안을 제시하려고 노력했다.

He tried to suggest alternatives rather than criticism for the sake of criticism.

비판을 위한 비판 (criticism for the sake of criticism).

이번 사건으로 인해 해당 기업은 거센 비판에 직면했다.

Due to this incident, the company faced fierce criticism.

비판에 직면하다 (to face criticism).

그의 발언은 여성 차별적이라는 비판을 불러일으켰다.

His remarks sparked criticism for being discriminatory against women.

비판을 불러일으키다 (to spark/arouse criticism).

우리는 고정관념에서 벗어나 비판적으로 사고해야 한다.

We must break free from stereotypes and think critically.

-에서 벗어나다 (to break free from).

그 철학자는 이성 만능주의에 대해 근본적인 비판을 가했다.

The philosopher leveled a fundamental criticism against rationalism.

비판을 가하다 (to level/inflict criticism).

이 논문은 기존 학계의 통념을 비판적으로 재구성하고 있다.

This paper is critically reconstructing the conventional wisdom of the existing academic world.

비판적으로 재구성하다 (to critically reconstruct).

예술의 사회 비판적 기능은 시대를 막론하고 중요하다.

The social-critical function of art is important regardless of the era.

시대를 막론하고 (regardless of the era).

그의 비판은 논리적 정교함과 날카로운 통찰력을 갖추고 있다.

His criticism possesses logical sophistication and sharp insight.

갖추고 있다 (to possess/be equipped with).

정치적 비판이 억압받는 사회는 건강하다고 할 수 없다.

A society where political criticism is suppressed cannot be called healthy.

억압받다 (to be suppressed).

그는 상대의 논리를 비판하기 위해 반증 사례를 제시했다.

He presented counter-evidence to criticize the opponent's logic.

반증 사례 (counter-evidence/counter-example).

이번 평론은 원작의 의도를 비판적으로 계승했다는 평가를 받는다.

This review is evaluated as having critically inherited the original's intention.

비판적으로 계승하다 (to critically inherit/carry forward).

무조건적인 비난보다는 생산적인 비판이 필요한 시점이다.

It is a time when productive criticism is needed rather than unconditional blame.

생산적인 (productive) as an adjective.

칸트의 '순수이성비판'은 서양 철학사의 거대한 전환점이다.

Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' is a massive turning point in the history of Western philosophy.

Proper noun usage in a historical context.

그의 담론은 구조주의적 시각에서 근대성을 비판적으로 해체한다.

His discourse critically deconstructs modernity from a structuralist perspective.

비판적으로 해체하다 (to critically deconstruct).

비판적 지성인은 권력의 횡포에 맞서 진실을 말해야 한다.

A critical intellectual must speak the truth against the tyranny of power.

비판적 지성인 (critical intellectual).

그 영화의 미학적 비판은 관객들에게 깊은 울림을 주었다.

The movie's aesthetic criticism gave a deep resonance to the audience.

미학적 (aesthetic) as an adjective.

자기 비판은 성숙한 인격체로 거듭나기 위한 필수 과정이다.

Self-criticism is an essential process for being reborn as a mature individual.

자기 비판 (self-criticism).

그 논문은 비판의 대상이 된 이론의 한계를 명확히 규명했다.

The paper clearly identified the limitations of the theory that was the subject of criticism.

비판의 대상 (subject/target of criticism).

포스트모더니즘은 거대 서사에 대한 비판을 그 핵심으로 한다.

Postmodernism has the criticism of grand narratives as its core.

...을 핵심으로 하다 (to have ... as its core).

비판적 성찰이 결여된 행동은 맹목적인 추종에 불과하다.

Action lacking critical reflection is nothing more than blind following.

비판적 성찰 (critical reflection).

Collocations courantes

비판을 받다

비판을 가하다

건설적인 비판

비판적 사고

혹독한 비판

비판의 목소리

비판에 직면하다

비판을 면치 못하다

비판을 수용하다

사회 비판

Phrases Courantes

비판적 시각

— A critical viewpoint. Looking at things with analytical judgment.

우리는 뉴스를 비판적 시각으로 보아야 합니다.

비판의 여지가 없다

— Beyond criticism. Something is so perfect or clear that it cannot be criticized.

그녀의 연기는 비판의 여지가 없을 정도로 완벽했다.

비판을 위한 비판

— Criticism for the sake of criticism. Pointless or malicious critique.

그의 말은 비판을 위한 비판일 뿐이다.

비판을 자초하다

— To bring criticism upon oneself through one's own actions.

그는 경솔한 발언으로 비판을 자초했다.

비판의 화살

— The arrow of criticism. Used when criticism is directed at someone.

비판의 화살이 그 기업의 대표에게 향했다.

비판을 잠재우다

— To silence or calm down criticism.

새로운 증거가 나오면서 비판을 잠재웠다.

정당한 비판

— Justified or fair criticism.

정당한 비판은 겸허히 받아들여야 한다.

비판을 피하다

— To avoid criticism.

그는 책임을 회피하여 비판을 피하려고 했다.

비판의 대상이 되다

— To become the subject of criticism.

그의 사생활이 비판의 대상이 되었다.

비판적 검토

— Critical examination or review.

기존 논문에 대한 비판적 검토가 필요하다.

Souvent confondu avec

비판 vs 비난

Binan is emotional blame; Bipan is logical criticism.

비판 vs 비평

Bipyeong is specifically for 'critique' of artistic works.

비판 vs 비명

Bimyeong means a 'scream' - sounds similar but totally different.

Expressions idiomatiques

"비판의 도마 위에 오르다"

— To be put on the chopping block of criticism. To be scrutinized intensely.

그의 과거 행적이 비판의 도마 위에 올랐다.

Journalistic

"비판의 칼날을 세우다"

— To sharpen the blade of criticism. To prepare for or deliver a very sharp critique.

야당은 정부의 실정에 비판의 칼날을 세웠다.

Formal

"비판을 한 몸에 받다"

— To receive all the criticism by oneself. To be the sole target.

그는 이번 프로젝트 실패의 비판을 한 몸에 받았다.

Neutral

"비판의 포화를 퍼붓다"

— To pour a barrage of criticism. To criticize someone relentlessly.

언론은 연일 그에게 비판의 포화를 퍼부었다.

Dramatic

"비판의 뭇매를 맞다"

— To be hit by a bunch of criticisms. To be collectively criticized by many people.

그 정치인은 부적절한 발언으로 비판의 뭇매를 맞았다.

Journalistic

"비판의 잣대를 대다"

— To apply a ruler of criticism. To judge something by a certain standard.

자신의 행동에도 엄격한 비판의 잣대를 대야 한다.

Formal

"비판의 수위를 높이다"

— To raise the level of criticism. To make criticism more intense.

시민 단체들은 비판의 수위를 높여가고 있다.

Formal

"비판의 소용돌이에 휘말리다"

— To be caught in a whirlwind of criticism.

그 배우는 갑작스러운 스캔들로 비판의 소용돌이에 휘말렸다.

Literary

"비판을 쏟아내다"

— To pour out criticism. To speak out many criticisms at once.

관중들은 심판의 판정에 비판을 쏟아냈다.

Neutral

"비판의 목소리가 높다"

— There are many loud voices of criticism.

새로운 법안에 대해 비판의 목소리가 높다.

Journalistic

Facile à confondre

비판 vs 비난 (Binan)

Both translate to 'criticism' in English.

Binan is emotional, subjective, and focuses on fault-finding or attacking character. Bipan is logical, objective, and focuses on analyzing ideas or actions.

그를 비난하지 말고 그의 생각을 비판하세요. (Don't blame him, criticize his thoughts.)

비판 vs 비평 (Bipyeong)

Both involve judging a work or idea.

Bipyeong is a more specialized term for professional reviews of art, books, or movies. Bipan is a broader term for any logical judgment.

영화 비평가는 영화를 비판적으로 분석한다. (A film critic analyzes a movie critically.)

비판 vs 지적 (Jijeok)

Both involve pointing out something wrong.

Jijeok is for specific, often small, errors (like a typo). Bipan is for larger systems of logic or societal issues.

오타 지적은 고맙지만, 내 주장을 비판하지는 마. (Thanks for pointing out the typo, but don't criticize my claim.)

비판 vs 평가 (Pyeongga)

Both involve making a judgment.

Pyeongga is neutral 'evaluation' which can be good or bad. Bipan is specifically 'criticism' which usually leans towards identifying flaws.

좋은 평가를 받았지만 몇 가지 비판도 있었다. (It received a good evaluation, but there were also a few criticisms.)

비판 vs 반대 (Bandae)

If you criticize something, you often oppose it.

Bandae is 'opposition' or 'disagreement'. You can criticize (비판) something without necessarily being in total opposition (반대) to it.

나는 그 법안에 찬성하지만, 과정은 비판한다. (I support the bill, but I criticize the process.)

Structures de phrases

N을/를 비판하다

그 영화를 비판해요.

N에 대한 비판

사회에 대한 비판이 많아요.

N으로부터 비판을 받다

선생님으로부터 비판을 받았어요.

비판적인 시각으로 V

사건을 비판적인 시각으로 봐요.

비판을 면치 못하다

그는 비판을 면치 못했어요.

N에 비판을 가하다

그 이론에 날카로운 비판을 가했다.

비판의 여지가 없다

그의 논리는 비판의 여지가 없다.

비판적으로 해체하다

그는 근대성을 비판적으로 해체했다.

Famille de mots

Noms

비판 (criticism)

비판가 (critic)

자기비판 (self-criticism)

사회비판 (social criticism)

문명비판 (civilization criticism)

Verbes

비판하다 (to criticize)

비판받다 (to be criticized)

비판당하다 (to be criticized - more passive/negative)

Adjectifs

비판적 (critical)

비판할 만한 (criticizable/deserving criticism)

Apparenté

비평 (critique)

비난 (blame)

판단 (judgment)

평가 (evaluation)

분석 (analysis)

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour voir tous les exemples

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in media, education, and professional life. Less common in casual family talk.

Erreurs courantes

Using '비판' for a personal insult. → Use '비난' or '욕'.
'비판' is for logical evaluation. Calling someone a name is not '비판'.
Saying '사람을 비판하다' for a typo. → 오타를 지적하다.
'비판' is too big for a small error like a typo. Use '지적' (pointing out).
Forgetting '에 대한'. → 영화에 대한 비판.
You need the 'about/regarding' particle to link the noun to its object of criticism.
Using '비판' in a kindergarten setting. → 꾸중 (scolding) or 말하다.
'비판' is too formal for children. It sounds unnatural in that context.
Confusing '비판' and '비평' for politics. → 정부 비판.
'비평' is for arts/literature. Politics uses '비판'.

Astuces

Use '에 대한'

Always pair '비판' with '에 대한' when identifying the subject. For example, '사회에 대한 비판' (criticism of society). This is the most natural grammatical structure.

Bipan vs Binan

Never use '비판' when you are just venting or being angry. Use '비난' for that. '비판' requires a reason and logic. Using the right one shows high linguistic skill.

Constructive Feedback

In a job interview or meeting, use '건설적인 비판' to show you are open to growth. It sounds much better than saying you like '지적' (pointing out).

Critical Thinking

Memorize '비판적 사고' as a single unit. It is a key term in any Korean university setting and shows you are a sophisticated thinker.

News Keywords

When you hear '비판' on the news, listen for the particles. '비판이' usually means a new wave of criticism is starting. '비판을' usually identifies the target.

Formal Endings

Since '비판' is a high-level word, always use it with '합니다' or '해요' endings. Using it with '해' (informal) can sound mismatched unless in specific literary contexts.

Indirect Criticism

Even when you '비판' logically, Koreans appreciate a 'cushion' phrase like '제 짧은 생각으로는...' (In my humble/limited opinion...) to soften the blow.

Synonym Choice

Use '비평' for movies and '비판' for politics. This subtle choice makes you sound like a native speaker.

Passive Voice

'비판을 받다' is more common than '비판당하다' when the criticism is from a respected source like the public or experts.

Hanja Roots

Remember '판' as in '판단' (judgment). If you know '판단', '비판' becomes much easier to remember as a related concept.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Bee' (비) that 'Pans' (판) across a garden, looking for flowers that aren't healthy to 'criticize' them.

Association visuelle

Imagine a judge holding a magnifying glass over a document, carefully pointing out logical errors.

Word Web

Logic News Review Bipyeong Binan Hanja Academic Social Issues

Défi

Try to write one sentence criticizing a movie you didn't like using '비판하다' and one sentence using '비판을 받다'.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Hanja characters 批判. 批 (bi) means 'to criticize' or 'to comment,' and 判 (pan) means 'to judge' or 'to decide.'

Sens originel : To judge and comment on the right and wrong of a matter.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Contexte culturel

Be careful when using '비판' towards elders or bosses; it can be perceived as challenging their authority unless specifically asked for feedback.

English 'criticism' is broader. In Korean, you must choose between the 'smart' word (비판) and the 'angry' word (비난).

Immanuel Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' (순수이성비판) Social criticism in Bong Joon-ho's films. The 'Gwangju Uprising' literature often features sharp social 비판.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Politics

정부 정책 비판
야당의 비판
비판의 목소리
날카로운 비판

Art/Media

영화 비판
문학 비평
혹독한 비판
대중의 비판

Education

비판적 사고
이론 비판
비판적 검토
자기 비판

Business

경영 방식 비판
건설적인 비판
비판 수용
동료의 비판

Social Issues

사회 부조리 비판
환경 파괴 비판
시민들의 비판
거센 비판

Amorces de conversation

"그 영화에 대한 평론가들의 비판을 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"우리가 비판적 사고를 길러야 하는 이유는 무엇일까요?"

"건설적인 비판을 잘 수용하는 방법이 있을까요?"

"최근 정부 정책에 대한 비판의 목소리가 높은데, 당신의 의견은 어떠신가요?"

"예술 작품이 사회를 비판하는 것이 꼭 필요하다고 보시나요?"

Sujets d'écriture

최근에 내가 받은 비판 중에서 가장 기억에 남는 것은 무엇인가요? 그것이 도움이 되었나요?

사회에서 가장 시급하게 비판받아야 할 문제는 무엇이라고 생각합니까?

비판과 비난의 차이에 대해 자신의 경험을 바탕으로 써 보세요.

자신에 대한 '자기 비판'을 해 본다면 어떤 점을 고치고 싶나요?

비판적 사고가 부족한 사회에서는 어떤 문제가 발생할 수 있을까요?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Not necessarily. While it focuses on pointing out flaws, '건설적인 비판' (constructive criticism) is seen as positive and necessary for growth. It is about logical truth rather than just being mean.

It is risky. In Korean culture, directly using the word '비판' to a superior can sound aggressive. It's better to use softer phrases like '제 생각에는 이 부분에 개선할 점이 있습니다' (In my opinion, there are points to improve here).

The most common are '비판하다' (to criticize) and '비판을 받다' (to receive criticism). In news, '비판이 제기되다' (criticism is raised) is also very common.

It is '비판적 사고' (bipanjeok sago). This is a very common phrase in Korean education and self-development.

Close, but '비평' is usually for the arts (movies, books). You wouldn't say '정부 비평' (government critique); you would say '정부 비판' (government criticism).

It means 'there is no room for criticism,' implying that something is perfect, undeniable, or absolutely correct.

Yes, by adding '하다'. '비판하다' is the active verb form meaning 'to criticize'.

Because '비난' is often considered an attack on a person's character or emotions, while '비판' is seen as an intellectual engagement with an idea.

You can say '혹독한 비판' (hokdokhan bipan) or '날카로운 비판' (nalkaroun bipan).

Yes, but mostly when discussing serious topics like news, books, or work projects. For trivial things like a friend's cooking, it's too formal.

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