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A2 noun #2,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

문서

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 문서 en 30 secondes
Explication 문서 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '문서' (mun-seo) is a word you might see on a computer screen or in a basic office setting. It simply means 'document.' You can think of it as a 'paper' or a 'file' that has writing on it. For example, when you use a computer in Korean, you will see a folder called '내 문서' which means 'My Documents.' At this stage, you just need to know that it refers to something you read or write for work or school. It is different from a '책' (book) because a document is usually shorter and more specific, like a letter or a report. You might hear a teacher say, '이 문서를 보세요' (Look at this document). It is a useful word to know if you are learning how to use Korean in a professional or academic environment.
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At the A2 level, you should understand that '문서' is a general term for any recorded information. It is commonly used in offices and schools. You will often see it paired with verbs like '작성하다' (to write/create) and '보내다' (to send). For instance, '문서를 작성해요' means 'I am writing a document.' You should also be able to distinguish it from '서류' (seoryu), which specifically refers to paperwork for things like visa applications or bank tasks. '문서' is broader—it can be a digital file on your computer or a physical piece of paper. You might also encounter '전자 문서' (electronic document) when dealing with online services. Knowing this word helps you navigate basic office tasks and understand instructions related to files and paperwork.
At the B1 level, you begin to use '문서' in more formal and varied contexts. You will learn compound words like '공문서' (official/public document) and '사문서' (private document). You'll understand that '문서' carries a sense of formality and record-keeping. In a business context, you might discuss '문서 관리' (document management) or '문서 보안' (document security). You should be comfortable using it with more complex verbs like '수정하다' (to edit), '저장하다' (to save), and '출력하다' (to print). At this level, you can also understand the word in a historical context, such as '역사적 문서' (historical document). You are expected to know how to handle documents in a Korean-speaking workplace, including following '문서 양식' (document templates).
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At the B2 level, '문서' is understood within the framework of professional communication and legal implications. You will encounter terms like '문서 위조' (document forgery) or '문서 파기' (document destruction) in news or legal discussions. You should be able to discuss the nuances between '문서' and its synonyms like '문건' (formal document/item) or '기록' (record). You will also see '문서화' (documentation) used as a technical term in fields like IT or project management. At this stage, you can analyze the tone and purpose of different types of '문서', such as '보고서' (reports), '기안서' (proposals), and '계약서' (contracts). You are expected to produce and manage these documents with a high degree of accuracy and appropriate formal language.
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At the C1 level, your understanding of '문서' extends to its role in institutional memory and diplomatic relations. You might study '고문서' (ancient manuscripts) and understand the linguistic and cultural significance of how records were kept in the past. You will be familiar with high-level administrative terms like '문서 수발' (sending and receiving of official documents) and '문서 보존 연한' (document retention period). You can discuss the ethics of '문서 공개' (document disclosure) and the impact of '디지털 문서화' (digital documentation) on society. Your usage of the word will be precise, reflecting an understanding of the legal and social weight that a '문서' carries in Korean society, where written records have historically been highly valued.
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At the C2 level, '문서' is treated as a concept within the philosophy of language and information science. You can engage in deep discussions about the '문서적 가치' (documentary value) of various artifacts and how the definition of a 'document' evolves in the age of big data and AI. You might explore the etymological roots of the Hanja (文 and 書) to discuss the intersection of culture, writing, and power. You are capable of interpreting complex legal '문서' with archaic or highly technical terminology. You understand the subtle political nuances when a government '문서' is declassified or when '문서' are used as evidence in international courts. At this level, '문서' is not just a file or a paper, but a fundamental unit of human civilization's recorded history.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

문서 en 30 secondes

  • 문서 (mun-seo) means 'document' and refers to both physical papers and digital files used for recording information.
  • It is a formal Sino-Korean word used extensively in offices, schools, and legal contexts.
  • Commonly paired with verbs like '작성하다' (to write) and '제출하다' (to submit).
  • Distinguish it from '서류' (paperwork) and '파일' (general computer file).

The Korean word 문서 (mun-seo) is a fundamental noun that translates to 'document' or 'paperwork.' At its core, it refers to any recorded information, whether it is physically printed on paper or stored digitally as a file. The term is composed of two Hanja characters: 文 (mun) meaning 'writing' or 'culture' and 書 (seo) meaning 'book' or 'to write.' Together, they signify a formal record of written information.

Physical Form
Traditionally, this referred to physical papers, certificates, and manuscripts used in administration and daily life.
Digital Form
In the modern era, it almost always includes digital files like PDFs, Word documents (.docx), and spreadsheets.
Legal Context
It carries a weight of authority, often used for contracts, official notices, and historical records.

이 문서를 안전한 곳에 보관하십시오. (Please keep this document in a safe place.)

Understanding '문서' requires recognizing its breadth. While '서류' (seoryu) often refers specifically to paperwork required for a process (like applying for a visa), '문서' is the broader category of the record itself. If you are in an office, you are constantly creating, editing, and sharing '문서'. If you are a historian, you are analyzing ancient '문서'.

중요한 문서가 유출되었습니다. (An important document has been leaked.)

The word is versatile. It can be a simple text file or a complex legal treaty. In the context of IT, '문서화' (mun-seo-hwa) means 'documentation,' which is the act of recording how a system or software works. This shows that '문서' is not just a noun for a thing, but a concept of recorded knowledge.

Officiality
Public documents are called '공문서' (gong-mun-seo), while private ones are '사문서' (sa-mun-seo).

비밀 문서를 파기했습니다. (The secret documents were destroyed.)

전자 문서 서명이 필요합니다. (An electronic document signature is required.)

In summary, '문서' is the bridge between thought and record. It is the tangible (or digital) manifestation of information that needs to be preserved, communicated, or verified. Whether you are a student writing an essay or a lawyer drafting a contract, you are dealing with '문서'.

역사적인 문서를 연구하고 있습니다. (I am studying historical documents.)

Using 문서 correctly involves pairing it with the right verbs and understanding the level of formality required. Because it is a Sino-Korean word (Hanja-based), it often appears in formal, professional, or academic settings. However, it is also used daily in digital contexts.

Common Verb Pairings

문서를 작성하다 (To draft/write a document)
Used when you are in the process of creating the content. Example: 보고서 문서를 작성하고 있어요.
문서를 제출하다 (To submit a document)
Used when giving a document to an authority or office. Example: 서류와 문서를 함께 제출하세요.
문서를 수정하다 (To edit/modify a document)
Used for making changes to an existing file. Example: 오타가 있어서 문서를 수정했습니다.

When talking about digital files, you will often hear '문서를 저장하다' (to save a document) or '문서를 공유하다' (to share a document). In a more technical sense, '문서화하다' (to document) is used as a verb to describe the process of recording information for future reference.

이 문서의 내용을 확인해 주세요. (Please check the contents of this document.)

In formal settings, '문서' is often used with honorifics if referring to a document belonging to a superior, though the word itself doesn't change. Instead, the surrounding verbs change. For example, '부장님께서 문서를 검토하십니다' (The manager is reviewing the document).

합격 통지 문서를 받았습니다. (I received the admission notification document.)

One specific usage to note is '문서고' (mun-seo-go), which refers to an archive or a place where documents are stored. If you are looking for old records in a company, you might head to the '문서고'.

문서 양식 (Document template/form)
Refers to the layout or format of a document. Example: 표준 문서 양식을 사용하세요.

비공개 문서로 설정되어 있습니다. (It is set as a private document.)

You will encounter the word 문서 in a variety of environments, ranging from the highly formal to the mundane digital life. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the nuance of the word.

1. The Modern Office

This is the most common place. You'll hear it during meetings, via email, and in project management tools. Phrases like '문서 공유 부탁드립니다' (Please share the document) or '문서 초안' (Document draft) are daily staples.

회의 문서를 출력해 왔습니다. (I have printed the meeting documents.)

2. Government and Law

When dealing with visas, real estate, or legal contracts, '문서' is the standard term. '공문서 위조' (forgery of public documents) is a serious legal term you might hear in the news.

3. Academic and Historical Research

In universities, professors might refer to '참고 문서' (reference documents) or '고문서' (ancient documents/manuscripts). This highlights the word's ability to span across time.

고문서 (Go-mun-seo)
Ancient or historical documents, often written in Hanja.
참고 문서 (Cham-go mun-seo)
References or bibliography in a paper.

이 문서는 15세기에 작성되었습니다. (This document was written in the 15th century.)

4. Digital Interfaces

On your computer, smartphone, or cloud storage (like Google Drive or Naver MYBOX), the word '문서' is used to categorize text-based files. If you change your language settings to Korean, you will see this word everywhere.

새 문서 만들기 버튼을 누르세요. (Press the 'Create New Document' button.)

While 문서 is a straightforward word, learners often confuse it with similar terms or use it in contexts where a more specific word is better.

1. 문서 vs. 서류 (Seoryu)

This is the most common point of confusion. 문서 is the general term for any document or record. 서류 specifically refers to 'paperwork' or 'files' needed for a specific administrative task (like an application). You 'submit paperwork' (서류를 제출하다), but you 'write a document' (문서를 작성하다).

2. 문서 vs. 책 (Chaek) / 잡지 (Japji)

A '문서' is not a 'book' (책). While a book contains writing, '문서' implies a record, a report, or a specific piece of information rather than a bound publication for general reading. You wouldn't call a novel a '문서' unless you were referring to the digital file of the manuscript.

3. Overusing '문서' for 'File'

While '문서' can mean a digital document, if you are talking about a computer file in general (like an image or a program), use 파일 (pail). '문서' is specifically for text-based or data-based records.

Incorrect: 이 사진 문서를 보세요. (Look at this photo document.)
Correct: 이 사진 파일을 보세요. (Look at this photo file.)

Mistake: Confusion with '글' (Geul)
'글' means writing or a piece of text. '문서' is the formal object containing that writing.

Finally, be careful with the verb '치다' (to hit/type). While you can say '타자를 치다' (to type), you don't 'hit' a document. You '작성하다' (write/draft) or '입력하다' (input) data into it.

To truly master 문서, you should know its synonyms and related terms that carry slightly different nuances.

1. 서류 (Seoryu) - Paperwork / Files

As mentioned, this is the most similar. It is used for the physical or digital papers required for applications, contracts, and official procedures.

2. 기록 (Girok) - Record

While '문서' is the object, '기록' is the act of recording or the record itself. It focuses on the fact that something was noted down for history or evidence. A '문서' often contains a '기록'.

그는 모든 회의 내용을 기록했습니다. (He recorded all the meeting contents.)

3. 문건 (Mun-geon) - Document / Item

This is a slightly more formal or bureaucratic term for a document, often used in legal or governmental contexts to refer to a specific 'item' or 'piece' of documentation.

4. 원고 (Won-go) - Manuscript / Draft

This refers specifically to a document intended for publication, like a book manuscript or a speech draft.

증서 (Jeung-seo)
A certificate or legal deed (e.g., a graduation certificate or property deed).
사본 (Sa-bon)
A copy or duplicate of a document.
원본 (Won-bon)
The original document.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the most precise word for your situation, making your Korean sound more natural and professional.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

-를/을 작성하다 (to draft something)

-에 기록하다 (to record in something)

-로 보내다 (to send via something)

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Exemples par niveau

1

이 문서를 읽으세요.

Read this document.

Object marker -를 used.

2

제 문서는 어디에 있어요?

Where is my document?

Possessive '제' (my).

3

컴퓨터에 문서를 저장해요.

Save the document on the computer.

Location marker -에.

4

문서가 아주 길어요.

The document is very long.

Subject marker -가.

5

이것은 중요한 문서입니다.

This is an important document.

Formal ending -입니다.

6

문서를 출력해 주세요.

Please print the document.

Request form -해 주세요.

7

새 문서를 만드세요.

Make a new document.

Imperative -세요.

8

문서에 이름을 쓰세요.

Write your name on the document.

Location marker -에.

1

회의 문서를 준비했습니다.

I prepared the meeting documents.

Past tense -았습니다.

2

문서를 이메일로 보내주세요.

Please send the document by email.

Instrumental marker -로 (by/using).

3

어제 문서를 다 작성했어요.

I finished writing the document yesterday.

Adverb '다' (all/completely).

4

이 문서는 비밀이에요.

This document is a secret.

Polite ending -이에요.

5

문서 양식을 다운로드하세요.

Download the document template.

Compound noun '문서 양식'.

6

문서를 폴더에 넣으세요.

Put the document in the folder.

Verb '넣다' (to put in).

7

필요한 문서를 다 찾았어요.

I found all the necessary documents.

Modifier '필요한' (necessary).

8

문서 내용을 확인해 보세요.

Please try checking the document content.

Attempting form -해 보세요.

1

공문서를 위조하는 것은 범죄입니다.

Forging public documents is a crime.

Gerund form -는 것.

2

이 문서는 법적 효력이 없습니다.

This document has no legal effect.

Adjective '법적' (legal).

3

문서 보안을 위해 비밀번호를 설정하세요.

Set a password for document security.

Purpose form -기 위해.

4

모든 문서를 디지털화하고 있습니다.

We are digitizing all documents.

Progressive form -고 있다.

5

참고 문서를 리스트에 추가하세요.

Add the reference documents to the list.

Noun '참고' (reference).

6

문서의 오타를 수정해야 합니다.

You must correct the typos in the document.

Obligation form -해야 하다.

7

이 문서는 3년간 보관해야 합니다.

This document must be kept for three years.

Duration '3년간'.

8

문서 수발 대장을 작성하세요.

Fill out the document transmission log.

Formal office terminology.

1

문서의 진위 여부를 파악해야 합니다.

We must determine the authenticity of the document.

Expression '진위 여부' (whether it's true or false).

2

해당 문서는 대외비로 분류되었습니다.

The document in question has been classified as confidential.

Passive form '분류되다'.

3

문서화되지 않은 정보는 신뢰하기 어렵습니다.

Information that is not documented is hard to trust.

Negative modifier -지 않은.

4

기안 문서를 결재해 주시기 바랍니다.

Please approve the proposal document.

Formal request -기 바랍니다.

5

문서 파쇄기를 사용하여 서류를 버리세요.

Use a paper shredder to discard the paperwork.

Tool marker -를 사용하여.

6

이 문서는 역사적 가치가 매우 높습니다.

This document has very high historical value.

Adverb '매우' (very).

7

문서 번호를 순서대로 정리하세요.

Organize the document numbers in order.

Adverbial '순서대로' (in order).

8

전자 문서 서명 시스템을 도입했습니다.

We have introduced an electronic document signature system.

Verb '도입하다' (to introduce/adopt).

1

고문서 해독을 위해 전문가를 초빙했습니다.

We invited an expert to decipher the ancient documents.

Purpose form -기 위해.

2

문서의 맥락을 이해하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to understand the context of the document.

Noun '맥락' (context).

3

정부는 관련 문서의 비공개 결정을 내렸습니다.

The government decided not to disclose the relevant documents.

Complex noun phrase.

4

이 문서는 당시의 사회상을 잘 보여줍니다.

This document clearly shows the social aspects of that time.

Noun '사회상' (social phase/aspect).

5

문서 보존을 위한 최적의 환경을 조성해야 합니다.

We must create an optimal environment for document preservation.

Verb '조성하다' (to create/build).

6

문서의 출처가 불분명하여 인용할 수 없습니다.

The source of the document is unclear, so it cannot be cited.

Causal connective -하여.

7

방대한 양의 문서를 전수 조사했습니다.

We conducted a complete enumeration survey of a vast amount of documents.

Term '전수 조사' (complete survey).

8

문서 관리 규정을 엄격히 준수하십시오.

Please strictly adhere to the document management regulations.

Adverb '엄격히' (strictly).

1

문서는 권력의 도구이자 기억의 저장소입니다.

Documents are both tools of power and repositories of memory.

Connective -이자 (both... and).

2

텍스트의 문서성은 그 고정성에서 기인합니다.

The 'document-ness' of a text stems from its fixity.

Verb '기인하다' (to result from).

3

위조된 문서가 역사의 물줄기를 바꾸기도 합니다.

Forged documents sometimes change the course of history.

Metaphorical expression.

4

문서의 행간을 읽는 통찰력이 필요합니다.

Insight to read between the lines of a document is required.

Idiom '행간을 읽다' (read between the lines).

5

디지털 시대에 문서의 개념은 재정의되고 있습니다.

In the digital age, the concept of a document is being redefined.

Passive progressive -되고 있다.

6

문서에 투영된 저자의 의도를 분석하십시오.

Analyze the author's intention projected onto the document.

Past participle '투영된' (projected).

7

아카이브 내의 문서는 침묵하는 증언자입니다.

Documents within an archive are silent witnesses.

Metaphorical noun '증언자' (witness).

8

문서의 정당성은 절차적 투명성에서 확보됩니다.

The legitimacy of a document is secured through procedural transparency.

Noun '정당성' (legitimacy).

Collocations courantes

문서를 작성하다 (to draft a document)
문서를 제출하다 (to submit a document)
문서를 수정하다 (to edit a document)
문서를 저장하다 (to save a document)
문서를 출력하다 (to print a document)
문서를 공유하다 (to share a document)
문서를 파기하다 (to destroy a document)
문서 양식 (document template)
문서 번호 (document number)
전자 문서 (electronic document)

Phrases Courantes

문서 확인 부탁드립니다 (Please check the document)
문서가 누락되었습니다 (The document is missing)
문서를 첨부했습니다 (I have attached the document)
비밀 문서입니다 (It is a secret document)
문서 보안 (document security)
문서 관리 (document management)
문서 초안 (document draft)
문서 보관소 (document archive)
문서 위조 (document forgery)
표준 문서 (standard document)

Souvent confondu avec

문서 vs 서류 (Specific paperwork)

문서 vs 책 (Book)

문서 vs 편지 (Letter)

Expressions idiomatiques

"문서로 남기다 (To leave a record in writing/document form)"
"문서화하다 (To document/record formally)"
"행간을 읽다 (To read between the lines of a document)"
"종이 호랑이 (A paper tiger - though not directly using '문서', it relates to the 'paper' aspect)"
"글로 배우다 (To learn only through documents/books without practical experience)"
"낙점이 찍히다 (To be chosen - historically related to marking a document)"
"도장을 찍다 (To seal the deal/sign a document)"
"빨간 줄이 가다 (To have a criminal record - literally 'a red line on the document')"
"입을 맞추다 (To coordinate stories - often to match what is in a document)"
"발 없는 말이 천 리 간다 (Spoken words travel fast - often contrasted with the permanence of a '문서')"

Facile à confondre

문서 vs

문서 vs

문서 vs

문서 vs

문서 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

formality

Highly formal; '종이' is the informal word for just 'paper'.

digital vs physical

Can be used for both, but '파일' is more common for non-text digital items.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using '문서' for a photograph file (use '사진 파일' instead).
  • Confusing '문서' (document) with '문자' (text message).
  • Using '문서' to mean a physical door (that is '문').
  • Saying '문서를 치다' for typing (use '문서를 작성하다' or '타자를 치다').
  • Using '서류' when referring to a historical manuscript (use '문서' or '고문서').

Astuces

Label your folders

Change your computer folder names to Korean. Use '문서' for documents.

Use with '작성하다'

Instead of '문서를 쓰다', use '문서를 작성하다' to sound more professional.

Check the template

In Korea, '문서 양식' (templates) are very specific. Always ask for one.

Seal vs Signature

Remember that important '문서' often need a stamp (인감) in Korea.

Hanja roots

Remember '서' (書) means writing/book. It's in '서점' (bookstore) too.

File extensions

A .txt file is often called a '텍스트 문서' in Korean Windows.

Compound nouns

You can combine '문서' with other nouns easily, like '문서 관리'.

News keywords

When you hear '문서', listen for '유출' (leak) or '공개' (disclosure).

Submitting

Always say '문서를 제출하겠습니다' when handing in work.

Broad usage

Don't be afraid to use '문서' for any written record; it's very safe.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

MUN (Moon) + SEO (Saw). I 'Saw' the 'Moon' and wrote a 'Document' about it.

Origine du mot

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Contexte culturel

The way a document is formatted (양식) can reflect the hierarchy of a company.

In Korea, documents are often finalized with an '인감' (personal seal) rather than just a signature.

Korea has specific laws (Electronic Document Act) giving digital documents the same legal weight as paper ones.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"그 문서를 다 읽으셨어요? (Did you finish reading that document?)"

"문서 양식이 어디에 있나요? (Where is the document template?)"

"이 문서를 어떻게 저장해요? (How do I save this document?)"

"중요한 문서가 사라졌어요. (An important document has disappeared.)"

"문서를 이메일로 보내드릴까요? (Shall I send the document by email?)"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 작성한 문서에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about a document you drafted today.)

가장 중요하다고 생각하는 문서는 무엇인가요? (What document do you think is the most important?)

디지털 문서와 종이 문서 중 무엇을 선호하나요? (Do you prefer digital or paper documents?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, it is widely used for digital files like .docx or .pdf as well.

문서 is the general term for a document; 서류 is paperwork for a specific task.

문서를 저장하다 (mun-seo-reul jeo-jang-ha-da).

Generally no, unless you are referring to the digital manuscript file.

It means an official or public document issued by the government.

문서를 출력하다 (mun-seo-reul chul-lyeok-ha-da).

Yes, it is a formal word. In casual speech about a piece of paper, you might say '종이'.

It means 'documentation' or the act of turning information into a document.

No, a text message is '문자' (mun-ja).

A confidential or secret document.

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Contenu associé

Plus de mots sur work

주 5일제

A2

Le « ju o-il je » est le système de travail standard en Corée où les gens travaillent cinq jours par semaine, généralement du lundi au vendredi, et ont le samedi et le dimanche comme jours de congé.

결근

A2

Absence du travail ; ne pas être présent au travail. Le mot '결근' signifie l'absence du travail. Il est utilisé lorsqu'un employé ne se présente pas à son poste.

결근하다

A2

S'absenter du travail. Par exemple : 'Il a dû s'absenter du travail à cause d'une grippe.'

추상적이다

A2

Être abstrait. Cela désigne ce qui n'est pas concret ou matériel.

출입증

A2

Carte d'identité, carte d'accès. Une carte d'identité ou une carte d'accès qui permet d'entrer dans un lieu spécifique. Il s'agit d'une carte spéciale, comme une carte d'identité, que vous devez présenter pour entrer ou sortir d'un bâtiment ou d'une zone.

회계

B1

La comptabilité est l'enregistrement systématique des transactions financières d'une entreprise.

경리

A2

La gestion et l'enregistrement des informations financières d'une entreprise, comme les revenus et les dépenses. Le terme désigne la fonction de comptabilité ou de tenue de livres.

업적

B1

Un exploit ou une réalisation notable, souvent utilisé pour des figures historiques ou des carrières impressionnantes. On dit souvent 'réaliser un exploit' (업적을 남기다).

적극적이다

A2

Être actif ou proactif. Cela signifie prendre l'initiative et participer avec enthousiasme.

적극적으로

B1

D'une manière active, proactive ou enthousiaste. Par exemple: 'Il participe activement aux réunions.'

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