~조차 is a particle attached to nouns or pronouns that means "even" or "in addition to."
It emphasizes that something is included that one might not expect.
For example, you might say "Even my dog understands some English!" to express surprise that your dog has such an advanced skill.
You can also use it to express disappointment or a negative surprise, like "I don't even have 1,000 won."
~조차 is a particle that attaches to a noun and means "even." It emphasizes that something surprising or unexpected is included. Think of it like saying "even this surprising thing is included."
You'll often see ~조차 used in negative sentences to emphasize that not even the most basic or expected thing happened. For example, if you say "나는 물조차 마시지 못했다" (I couldn't even drink water), it highlights the severity of the situation because even something as fundamental as water was unavailable or impossible to consume.
It can also be used in positive sentences, but still with that surprising or unexpected nuance. For instance, "아이조차 이해했어요" (Even a child understood) emphasizes how simple something was, given that even a child could grasp it.
So, when you see ~조차, remember it's pointing out an extreme or unusual case, making a statement stronger by including something that might not typically be expected.
~조차 is an interesting particle that attaches to nouns, pronouns, and some adverbs. It means "even," but it carries a specific nuance. Unlike other "even" particles, ~조차 emphasizes a surprising or unexpected inclusion, especially in negative contexts.
Think of it as saying, "not even X," implying that X is something that would normally be expected or included. For example, if someone is so busy they don't even have time to eat, you could use ~조차. It highlights the extreme nature of the situation.
It often implies a negative outcome or a lack of something that would typically be present. So, while it translates to "even," remember its focus on surprising omissions or the lowest possible expectation.
~조차 is an interesting particle that attaches to nouns, pronouns, and some adverbs to express the meaning of 'even'. What makes it unique is that it strongly emphasizes a surprising or unexpected inclusion. It often highlights an extreme or unexpected case within a given context, suggesting that if this extreme case is true, then other less extreme cases are also true.
You'll often find ~조차 used in negative sentences to indicate that not even the most basic or expected thing happened. For instance, if you say 'He didn't even say goodbye,' it means that his lack of action was particularly surprising or disappointing. This particle adds a sense of emotional weight or disbelief to the statement.
While it can sometimes be used in positive sentences, it still carries that nuance of surprise or an unexpected inclusion. For example, 'Even a child can do this' implies that the task is so simple that anyone, including a child, can do it. It’s about highlighting an unexpected participant or object in a situation.
The key takeaway is that ~조차 isn't just about adding 'even'; it's about adding a sense of astonishment or emphasis on something that is either surprisingly present or surprisingly absent.
§ What ~조차 Means
- Korean Word
- ~조차
- Definition
- Even (emphasizes surprising inclusion).
- CEFR Level
- A2
§ How to Use ~조차
The particle ~조차 is used to add emphasis to a noun. It means 'even' or 'not even' and implies that the situation is more extreme or unexpected than what the listener might assume. Think of it as highlighting something that you wouldn't expect to be included, yet it is.
It's typically attached directly to a noun. While it can sometimes be used positively, it's very common in negative contexts, suggesting a lack of something or an undesirable situation.
§ ~조차 in Real Life: Work, School, News
You'll hear ~조차 quite often in daily conversations, especially when people are expressing frustration, disappointment, or emphasizing a lack of something. Let's look at some practical examples.
- At Work: When a project is going really badly, or someone is struggling to meet expectations.
너무 바빠서 점심 먹을 시간조차 없었어요.
Translation hint: I was so busy, I didn't even have time to eat lunch.
그는 간단한 보고서 작성조차 못 해요.
Translation hint: He can't even write a simple report.
- At School: When talking about difficult subjects, test results, or a student's performance.
시험이 너무 어려워서 한 문제조차 못 풀었어요.
Translation hint: The test was so hard, I couldn't even solve one problem.
그는 자기 이름 쓰는 법조차 몰라요.
Translation hint: He doesn't even know how to write his own name.
- In the News: When reporting on extreme situations, crises, or a lack of basic necessities.
이번 홍수로 인해 기본적인 식수조차 부족합니다.
Translation hint: Due to this flood, even basic drinking water is scarce.
사건 현장에는 증인조차 없었습니다.
Translation hint: There wasn't even a witness at the crime scene.
As you can see, ~조차 really emphasizes the 'even to this extent' or 'not even this basic thing' aspect. Keep an ear out for it in your Korean listening practice!
Exemples par niveau
그는 내 이름조차 기억 못 해.
He can't even remember my name.
너무 바빠서 밥 먹을 시간조차 없었어요.
I was so busy, I didn't even have time to eat.
아이조차 이해할 수 있는 쉬운 설명이었어요.
It was an easy explanation that even a child could understand.
주말에도 쉬는 날조차 없이 일했어요.
I worked even on the weekends without a single day off.
그는 인사조차 하지 않고 지나갔어요.
He passed by without even saying hello.
피곤해서 말할 힘조차 없었어요.
I was so tired, I didn't even have the strength to speak.
가까운 친구조차 그의 비밀을 몰랐어요.
Even his close friends didn't know his secret.
물조차 마실 수 없는 상황이었어요.
It was a situation where I couldn't even drink water.
그는 너무 피곤해서 밥조차 먹을 수 없었어요.
He was so tired he couldn't even eat.
바쁜 와중에도 그는 친구 생일조차 기억하지 못했다.
Even amidst his busy schedule, he couldn't even remember his friend's birthday.
나는 어제 너무 아파서 물조차 마시기 힘들었다.
Yesterday I was so sick that even drinking water was difficult.
그녀는 화가 나서 내 말조차 듣지 않았다.
She was so angry she didn't even listen to me.
갑자기 비가 와서 우산조차 없었다.
It suddenly rained, and I didn't even have an umbrella.
그는 어렸을 때 한글조차 몰랐지만, 지금은 한국어 선생님이다.
When he was young, he didn't even know Hangeul, but now he's a Korean teacher.
시험 공부를 너무 안 해서 문제조차 이해하기 어려웠다.
I didn't study for the exam enough, so it was hard to even understand the questions.
너무 놀라서 아무 말조차 할 수 없었다.
I was so surprised I couldn't even say anything.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
나조차 믿을 수 없어.
Even I can't believe it.
그는 물조차 마시지 않았다.
He didn't even drink water.
밥조차 먹을 시간이 없었어요.
I didn't even have time to eat.
그것조차 몰랐어?
You didn't even know that?
내 이름조차 기억 못 해.
He doesn't even remember my name.
그는 너조차 무시했어.
He even ignored you.
꿈조차 꾸지 못했다.
I couldn't even dream.
돈조차 없어서 못 샀어요.
I couldn't buy it because I didn't even have money.
생각조차 하기 싫어.
I don't even want to think about it.
말조차 하기 싫었어요.
I didn't even want to speak.
Souvent confondu avec
심지어 is an adverb that means 'even' or 'what's more', often introducing a surprising or extreme example. While it conveys a similar sentiment of 'even', ~조차 is a particle attached to a noun or pronoun.
게다가 means 'in addition' or 'moreover'. It adds more information, but doesn't necessarily carry the same emphasis of surprising inclusion as ~조차.
뿐만 아니라 means 'not only... but also'. It focuses on adding information rather than emphasizing a surprising inclusion.
Modèles grammaticaux
Facile à confondre
Like ~조차, 마저 also means 'even' and emphasizes inclusion. However, 마저 typically implies that something is the last remaining item or action, often with a sense of regret or completion.
~조차 focuses on a surprising inclusion, while 마저 focuses on the last remaining item/action.
나마저 널 떠날게. (Even I will leave you. - implying I was the last hope)
~까지 can also mean 'even' or 'up to and including'. It can be confusing because it also emphasizes inclusion.
~조차 highlights a surprising or unexpected inclusion. ~까지 simply indicates a range or extent, including the specified item.
하늘까지 닿을 것 같아. (It feels like it will reach even the sky. - indicating extent)
도 also means 'even' or 'too'. It's a very common particle, and its usage can overlap with ~조차.
도 is a more general particle for inclusion or addition. ~조차 specifically emphasizes that the inclusion is surprising, unexpected, or negative.
나도 갈게. (I'll go too. - simple inclusion)
This is often used interchangeably with ~조차, but the addition of 도 can make it seem like a separate word.
~조차도 is essentially a more emphatic version of ~조차. The '도' just adds a little extra emphasis to the 'even'.
그는 이름조차도 기억 못 해. (He can't even remember the name. - more emphatic than ~조차)
Similar to ~조차도, this combines 마저 with 도.
This is a more emphatic version of 마저, highlighting the last remaining item with stronger emphasis, often in a negative context.
희망마저도 잃었다. (Even hope was lost. - more emphatic on the last remaining thing)
Structures de phrases
명사조차
이 쉬운 문제조차 못 풀었어요. (I couldn't even solve this easy problem.)
명사조차도
바빠서 밥 먹을 시간조차도 없었어요. (I was so busy I didn't even have time to eat.)
동사-는 것조차
걷는 것조차 힘들었어요. (Even walking was difficult.)
형용사-다는 것조차
그 사람이 아프다는 것조차 몰랐어요. (I didn't even know that person was sick.)
명사조차 ~ 않다/못하다
그는 인사조차 하지 않았어요. (He didn't even greet me.)
명사조차 ~ 없다
말할 기회조차 없었어요. (I didn't even have a chance to speak.)
명사조차 ~ V-지 못하다
이해조차 할 수 없었어요. (I couldn't even understand it.)
명사조차 ~ V-는 일은 없다
그 일은 상상조차 하는 일은 없어요. (I don't even imagine such a thing.)
Comment l'utiliser
A particle meaning 'even'. It emphasizes that something surprising or extreme is included. It is attached to nouns. Unlike ~까지 or ~도, ~조차 is almost exclusively used in negative contexts. It implies that something that would normally be expected did not happen or exist. For example, if you say '나는 물조차 마시지 못했다' (I couldn't even drink water), it emphasizes that the situation was so bad that even something as basic as drinking water was impossible.
Many learners confuse ~조차 with ~도 or ~까지. While they can sometimes be interchangeable, ~조차 carries a stronger nuance of negativity or an unexpected lack. Using ~조차 in a positive context (e.g., '나는 행복조차 느꼈다' - I even felt happy) would sound unnatural. Stick to negative or surprising non-occurrence when using ~조차. Also, remember it attaches only to nouns.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of '~조차' as '조차 (chō-cha) the surprise!' It emphasizes that even something you wouldn't expect is included.
Association visuelle
Imagine a tiny, unexpected guest (like a mouse) at a fancy dinner party. Everyone is surprised that 'even' the mouse is there. This mouse is '~조차'!
Word Web
Défi
Try to write three sentences about something you found surprisingly difficult or something you didn't even expect to happen today, using ~조차. For example: '저는 오늘 아침에 커피조차 마실 시간이 없었어요.' (This morning, I didn't even have time to drink coffee.)
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
When someone is so tired they can't even eat.
- 너무 피곤해서 밥조차 먹을 수 없었어요.
- 너무 피곤해서 숨조차 쉬기 힘들었어요.
- 너무 피곤해서 잠조차 잘 수 없었어요.
When a task is so difficult that even an expert struggles.
- 이 문제는 전문가조차 풀기 어려워요.
- 이 일은 나조차 하기 싫어요.
- 이 게임은 고수조차 깨기 힘들어요.
When something is so basic or simple that even a beginner knows it.
- 그건 초보자조차 아는 사실이에요.
- 이건 아이조차 이해할 수 있어요.
- 그 단어는 한국어를 모르는 사람조차 알아요.
When you're so busy you don't even have time to rest.
- 너무 바빠서 쉴 시간조차 없었어요.
- 할 일이 많아서 생각할 시간조차 없어요.
- 과제가 많아서 잠조차 못 잤어요.
When someone is so shocked they can't even speak.
- 너무 놀라서 말조차 할 수 없었어요.
- 그 소식에 움직일 수조차 없었어요.
- 그 광경에 눈조차 뗄 수 없었어요.
Amorces de conversation
"최근에 너무 피곤해서 밥조차 먹기 힘들었던 적이 있어요?"
"혹시 전문가조차 어려워했던 문제를 본 적이 있나요?"
"너무 바빠서 쉴 시간조차 없었던 경험이 있어요?"
"혹시 너무 놀라서 말조차 할 수 없었던 순간이 있었나요?"
"초보자조차 아는 간단한 한국어 표현이 뭐가 있을까요?"
Sujets d'écriture
내가 너무 피곤해서 무엇조차 할 수 없었는지 써보세요.
내가 생각하기에 전문가조차 어려워할 만한 일은 무엇일까요?
초보자조차 알 법한 가장 기본적인 한국어 단어나 문장을 3가지 써보세요.
너무 바빠서 쉴 시간조차 없을 때, 나는 어떻게 시간을 관리할까요?
너무 놀라서 말조차 할 수 없었던 경험을 자세히 묘사해보세요.
Teste-toi 108 questions
저는 바빠서 아침밥___ 못 먹었어요.
This emphasizes the surprising fact that even breakfast was missed due to being busy.
아기가 너무 피곤해서 밥을 먹는 ___ 잠이 들었어요.
This highlights the extreme tiredness, implying 'even while eating, the baby fell asleep'.
저는 한국어를 잘 못해서 간단한 인사___ 어려워요.
This emphasizes the difficulty, meaning 'even simple greetings are hard'.
너무 추워서 손가락 ___ 움직일 수 없었어요.
This highlights the extreme cold, meaning 'even fingers couldn't be moved'.
숙제가 너무 많아서 잠잘 시간 ___ 없어요.
This emphasizes the overwhelming amount of homework, meaning 'even time to sleep is absent'.
그는 너무 가난해서 밥을 먹을 돈 ___ 없었어요.
This emphasizes the extreme poverty, meaning 'even money to eat was absent'.
저는 배고파서 빵____ 먹었어요.
The speaker is so hungry that they even ate bread, emphasizing the surprising inclusion of bread in their meal due to extreme hunger.
너무 바빠서 점심____ 못 먹었어요.
The speaker was so busy that they couldn't even eat lunch, highlighting the surprising inability to do something as basic as eating due to busyness.
그는 너무 피곤해서 말____ 하기 힘들었어요.
He was so tired that he couldn't even speak, emphasizing the surprising difficulty of a simple action due to extreme tiredness.
친구가 저를 ____ 안 보고 갔어요. (even)
The sentence expresses that a friend left without even looking at the speaker, which fits the meaning of '~조차' emphasizing surprising exclusion or lack.
아기가 너무 작아서 옷이 ____ 없어요. (even)
The sentence means the baby is so small that there aren't even clothes for it, emphasizing the surprising lack of something due to a certain condition.
저는 한국어를 몰라서 이름____ 못 읽어요. (even)
The sentence means 'I don't know Korean, so I can't even read my name,' which correctly uses '~조차' to emphasize the surprising inability to do something simple.
Listen for 'water' and 'even'.
Listen for 'child' and 'even'.
Listen for 'name' and 'even'.
Read this aloud:
밥조차 못 먹어요.
Focus: 밥조차 (bapjjocha)
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Read this aloud:
선생님조차 없어요.
Focus: 선생님조차 (seonsaengnimjjocha)
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Read this aloud:
쉬운 문제조차 어려워요.
Focus: 문제조차 (munjejjocha)
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The particles '는' and '조차' follow the nouns they modify. The verb '마시지 않았어' comes at the end of the sentence.
'아이' is the subject, followed by '조차'. '그것을' is the object, and '알아요' is the verb.
'그는' is the subject. '내 이름' is the object, followed by '조차'. '몰라요' is the verb.
너무 배가 고파서 물 ___ 마셨어요.
This sentence emphasizes that the person was so hungry they even drank water, implying they usually wouldn't just drink water when hungry. '~조차' highlights this surprising inclusion.
피곤해서 숙제 ___ 할 수 없었어요.
The speaker was so tired they couldn't even do their homework, suggesting homework is a basic task they normally would do. '~조차' fits this sense of surprising inability.
그는 내 이름 ___ 기억하지 못했어요.
This sentence means 'He couldn't even remember my name', indicating a surprising lack of memory for something basic. '~조차' emphasizes this surprising exclusion.
어제는 날씨가 좋아서 산책조차 못했어요. (Yesterday the weather was good, so I couldn't even take a walk.)
If the weather was good, one would expect to be able to take a walk. The use of '~조차' implies something surprisingly prevented it. If the weather was good, it should be '산책할 수 있었어요' (could take a walk) or something else caused the inability. The current statement is contradictory.
바빠서 밥 먹을 시간조차 없었어요. (I was so busy I didn't even have time to eat.)
This sentence correctly uses '~조차' to emphasize that the speaker was so busy they surprisingly didn't have time for a basic activity like eating.
저는 한국어를 잘해서 어려운 책조차 읽을 수 있어요. (I'm good at Korean, so I can even read difficult books.)
This sentence correctly uses '~조차' to highlight that the speaker's skill is so good they can surprisingly manage even difficult books.
Think about what '조차' emphasizes.
What is the speaker emphasizing they didn't have time for?
The speaker is expressing surprise about what isn't remembered.
Read this aloud:
피곤해서 말할 힘조차 없었어요.
Focus: 힘조차 (him-jo-cha)
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Read this aloud:
너무 추워서 손가락조차 움직일 수 없었어요.
Focus: 손가락조차 (son-ga-rak-jo-cha)
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Read this aloud:
숙제가 너무 많아서 잠잘 시간조차 없었어요.
Focus: 시간조차 (shi-gan-jo-cha)
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This sentence means 'He didn't even say hello.' The word '조차' emphasizes the surprising exclusion of saying hello.
This sentence means 'I was so tired, even drinking water was difficult.' '조차' highlights the unexpected difficulty of a simple action like drinking water.
This sentence means 'Even on my day off, I was even worried about homework.' '조차' emphasizes the surprising continuation of worry even during a break.
Choose the most natural sentence using '~조차'.
'~조차' is used to emphasize something surprising or unexpected. Not having time for breakfast due to busyness is a common, relatable scenario where 'even' makes sense. The other options are grammatically correct but lack the emphasized surprising inclusion that '~조차' typically conveys.
Which sentence correctly uses '~조차' to express an unexpected or extreme situation?
'~조차' often implies a surprising or extreme inclusion. If even a child can't understand something, it highlights the difficulty of the problem. The other options are less impactful in conveying an unexpected or extreme situation.
Select the sentence where '~조차' indicates a negative, surprising inclusion.
In this sentence, the speaker is surprised and perhaps disappointed that the person didn't even perform the basic courtesy of saying hello. This indicates a negative and surprising inclusion. The other options describe generally positive or neutral situations.
You can replace '~조차' with '~도' in every situation and maintain the exact same nuance.
While both '~조차' and '~도' can mean 'even,' '~조차' carries a stronger nuance of surprise, unexpectedness, or extremity, especially in negative contexts. '~도' is more general and can simply mean 'also' or 'too,' in addition to 'even.' They are not always interchangeable with identical nuance.
'~조차' is typically attached to nouns or nominalized verbs to emphasize the surprising inclusion of that specific element.
'~조차' directly follows a noun or a verb that has been nominalized (e.g., by adding ~는 것) to highlight the surprising inclusion of that particular item or action. For example, '밥조차' (even rice), '인사조차' (even a greeting).
The sentence '그는 너무 바빠서 잠조차 못 잤어요.' (He was so busy, he couldn't even sleep.) is a natural and correct use of '~조차'.
This sentence perfectly demonstrates the usage of '~조차' to express an extreme and surprising negative outcome due to busyness. Not being able to sleep is an unexpected and impactful consequence.
He is so busy he doesn't even have time to eat.
Yesterday I was so tired I couldn't even sleep properly.
He speaks Korean so well that even native speakers were surprised.
Read this aloud:
나는 너무 긴장해서 말조차 할 수 없었어요.
Focus: 말조차
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Read this aloud:
그녀는 화가 나서 인사조차 하지 않고 지나갔어요.
Focus: 인사조차
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
숙제가 너무 많아서 주말조차 쉬지 못했어요.
Focus: 주말조차
Tu as dit :
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You are telling a friend about a very difficult day you had. Use '~조차' to emphasize something surprising that happened (or didn't happen) despite the difficulties.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
오늘은 정말 힘든 하루였어. 너무 바빠서 점심을 먹을 시간조차 없었어. (Today was a really tough day. I was so busy, I didn't even have time to eat lunch.)
Describe a situation where someone was so tired or overwhelmed that they couldn't do a very basic task. Use '~조차' to highlight this surprising inability.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
그는 너무 피곤해서 자기 이름조차 기억하지 못했다. (He was so tired he couldn't even remember his own name.)
Write about a time you tried something new, and it was unexpectedly easy or difficult. Use '~조차' to express this surprising outcome.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이 새로운 게임은 너무 어려워서 규칙조차 이해하기 힘들었다. (This new game was so difficult, I couldn't even understand the rules.)
왜 그는 악기를 살 수 없었나요? (Why couldn't he buy an instrument?)
Read this passage:
그는 어렸을 때부터 음악을 사랑했다. 하지만 집안이 가난해서 악기조차 살 수 없었다. 그래서 그는 항상 다른 사람들의 악기를 빌려서 연습해야만 했다. (He loved music since he was young. But his family was poor, so he couldn't even buy an instrument. So he always had to borrow other people's instruments to practice.)
왜 그는 악기를 살 수 없었나요? (Why couldn't he buy an instrument?)
지문에서 '집안이 가난해서 악기조차 살 수 없었다'라고 명확히 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage clearly states 'his family was poor, so he couldn't even buy an instrument.')
지문에서 '집안이 가난해서 악기조차 살 수 없었다'라고 명확히 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage clearly states 'his family was poor, so he couldn't even buy an instrument.')
글쓴이가 처음에 한국어를 배우면서 어려웠던 점은 무엇인가요? (What was difficult for the writer when first learning Korean?)
Read this passage:
저는 한국어를 배우기 시작했어요. 처음에는 너무 어려워서 간단한 인사말조차 제대로 할 수 없었어요. 하지만 매일 꾸준히 공부한 덕분에 이제는 기본적인 대화가 가능해요. (I started learning Korean. At first, it was so difficult that I couldn't even properly say simple greetings. But thanks to studying consistently every day, now basic conversations are possible.)
글쓴이가 처음에 한국어를 배우면서 어려웠던 점은 무엇인가요? (What was difficult for the writer when first learning Korean?)
지문에서 '너무 어려워서 간단한 인사말조차 제대로 할 수 없었어요'라고 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage states 'it was so difficult that I couldn't even properly say simple greetings.')
지문에서 '너무 어려워서 간단한 인사말조차 제대로 할 수 없었어요'라고 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage states 'it was so difficult that I couldn't even properly say simple greetings.')
왜 그녀는 아침에 빵을 먹지 못했나요? (Why couldn't she eat bread in the morning?)
Read this passage:
그녀는 발표 준비를 위해 밤새도록 노력했어요. 너무 긴장해서 아침에 빵 한 조각조차 먹지 못하고 학교에 갔어요. (She worked all night to prepare for the presentation. She was so nervous that she couldn't even eat a single piece of bread in the morning and went to school.)
왜 그녀는 아침에 빵을 먹지 못했나요? (Why couldn't she eat bread in the morning?)
지문에서 '너무 긴장해서 빵 한 조각조차 먹지 못하고'라고 명확히 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage clearly states 'she was so nervous that she couldn't even eat a single piece of bread.')
지문에서 '너무 긴장해서 빵 한 조각조차 먹지 못하고'라고 명확히 언급되어 있습니다. (The passage clearly states 'she was so nervous that she couldn't even eat a single piece of bread.')
Choose the most natural sentence using '~조차'.
'~조차' emphasizes a surprising inclusion, meaning 'even'. The sentence '그는 너무 바빠서 밥을 먹을 시간조차 없었어요' means 'He was so busy that he didn't even have time to eat,' which is a natural use of the particle to emphasize the lack of time for even basic necessities. The other options use '~조차' incorrectly or unnaturally.
Which sentence correctly uses '~조차' to express an unexpected or surprising situation?
The phrase '이 쉬운 문제조차 풀 수 없었어요' translates to 'I couldn't even solve this easy problem.' This accurately uses '~조차' to highlight the surprising difficulty of a seemingly simple task. The other options do not use '~조차' correctly to convey this sense of surprise or unexpected inclusion.
Select the sentence where '~조차' is used to show an extreme or unexpected degree.
'너무 피곤해서 한 발자국조차 걷기 힘들었어요' means 'I was so tired that I couldn't even walk a single step.' Here, '~조차' emphasizes the extreme fatigue, making even the smallest action difficult. This perfectly captures the nuance of 'even' in an unexpected or extreme context. The other sentences do not use '~조차' appropriately.
The sentence '그는 어제 밥을 먹을 시간조차 없었다.' means 'He didn't even have time to eat yesterday.'
The particle '~조차' indeed means 'even' in this context, emphasizing the surprising lack of time for such a basic activity as eating. So, the translation is correct.
In the sentence '나는 그 사람의 이름조차 기억나지 않는다.', '~조차' suggests that remembering the person's name would be easy, but it is not.
'~조차' here emphasizes the surprising inability to recall even a basic detail like a name, implying that it should be an easy thing to remember. Therefore, the statement is true.
The sentence '아이가 잠조차 자지 않았다.' means 'The child slept a little.'
'~조차' here means 'even,' and '자지 않았다' means 'did not sleep.' So, '아이가 잠조차 자지 않았다' means 'The child didn't even sleep,' indicating no sleep at all, not a little sleep. Therefore, the statement is false.
You're writing an email to a friend about a really difficult project you're working on. You want to emphasize how challenging it is, so much so that you haven't even had time to eat properly. Use '~조차' to express 'not even time to eat'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
요즘 프로젝트가 너무 힘들어서 먹을 시간조차 없어요. 정말 피곤해요.
Describe a situation where someone was so tired or overwhelmed that they couldn't even remember simple things. Use '~조차' to emphasize the surprising inclusion of forgetting simple things.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
어제는 너무 피곤해서 제 이름조차 기억나지 않았어요. 정말 놀랐죠?
Imagine you are trying to convince someone that a task is incredibly easy, so easy that even a child could do it. Use '~조차' to highlight this surprising ease.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이 일은 정말 쉬워서 아이조차 할 수 있을 거예요. 걱정 마세요.
김민준 씨가 커피를 마실 힘조차 없었던 이유는 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
김민준 씨는 어제 중요한 발표를 준비하느라 밤샘 작업을 했습니다. 잠을 거의 못 자서 아침에는 커피를 마실 힘조차 없었습니다. 발표 자료를 다시 확인할 여유도 없이 바로 회의실로 향했습니다.
김민준 씨가 커피를 마실 힘조차 없었던 이유는 무엇입니까?
지문에 '잠을 거의 못 자서 아침에는 커피를 마실 힘조차 없었습니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다. 밤샘 작업으로 인한 피로가 원인입니다.
지문에 '잠을 거의 못 자서 아침에는 커피를 마실 힘조차 없었습니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다. 밤샘 작업으로 인한 피로가 원인입니다.
화자가 걱정하는 주된 이유는 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
여행 준비는 언제나 설레지만, 이번 여행은 너무 바빠서 계획조차 세우지 못했습니다. 비행기 표만 겨우 예매하고 숙소도 아직 정하지 못했어요. 이렇게 무계획으로 떠나는 여행은 처음이라 걱정이 됩니다.
화자가 걱정하는 주된 이유는 무엇입니까?
지문에 '이번 여행은 너무 바빠서 계획조차 세우지 못했습니다'라고 언급되어 있습니다. 계획이 없다는 것이 주된 걱정거리입니다.
지문에 '이번 여행은 너무 바빠서 계획조차 세우지 못했습니다'라고 언급되어 있습니다. 계획이 없다는 것이 주된 걱정거리입니다.
옆집 아저씨가 가족들과 식사할 시간조차 없다고 언급된 이유는 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
새로 이사 온 옆집 아저씨는 매일 아침 일찍 출근하고 밤늦게 퇴근합니다. 너무 바빠서 주말에도 집에서 쉬는 것을 본 적이 없습니다. 심지어 가족들과 식사할 시간조차 없다고 합니다.
옆집 아저씨가 가족들과 식사할 시간조차 없다고 언급된 이유는 무엇입니까?
지문에 '너무 바빠서 주말에도 집에서 쉬는 것을 본 적이 없습니다. 심지어 가족들과 식사할 시간조차 없다고 합니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다. 바쁜 스케줄이 원인입니다.
지문에 '너무 바빠서 주말에도 집에서 쉬는 것을 본 적이 없습니다. 심지어 가족들과 식사할 시간조차 없다고 합니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다. 바쁜 스케줄이 원인입니다.
This sentence emphasizes that he didn't even say hello, which is surprising or unexpected.
This expresses that they were so busy, they didn't even have time to eat.
This means they were so tired they didn't even have the strength to move.
The speaker is expressing regret about not being able to help a friend.
The speaker is frustrated about a difficult problem.
The speaker is very tired.
Read this aloud:
그는 자신의 실수조차 인정하지 않았어요.
Focus: 실수조차 (sil-su-jo-cha)
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
너무 놀라서 말조차 할 수 없었어요.
Focus: 말조차 (mal-jo-cha)
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
간단한 질문조차 이해하기 어려웠습니다.
Focus: 질문조차 (jil-mun-jo-cha)
Tu as dit :
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Write a short paragraph about a time when something unexpected happened, using ~조차 to emphasize a surprising inclusion. For example, maybe even your usually calm friend got excited.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
어제 친구들과 영화를 보러 갔는데, 갑자기 정전이 됐어요. 보통은 침착한 제 친구마저도 너무 당황했어요. 심지어 영화관 직원조차 어떻게 해야 할지 몰라 했죠. 정말 예상치 못한 상황이었어요.
Describe a challenging situation you overcame, incorporating ~조차 to highlight an element that made it even more difficult. For instance, perhaps even your usual support system couldn't help.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
대학교 마지막 학기는 정말 힘들었어요. 졸업 논문 마감 기한이 다가오는데, 심지어 컴퓨터가 고장 나는 바람에 더 막막했죠. 밤새워 자료를 다시 만들고 겨우 제출할 수 있었어요. 정말 힘든 시간이었지만, 결국 극복해냈습니다.
Imagine you're trying a new hobby or skill. Write about a surprising difficulty you encountered, using ~조차 to show how something you thought would be easy was actually hard. For example, even simple steps were challenging.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
최근에 기타를 배우기 시작했는데, 생각보다 너무 어렵더라고요. 쉬워 보였던 코드 잡는 것조차 마음대로 안 돼서 처음에는 좀 실망했어요. 손가락이 너무 아파서 연습하는 것조차 힘들었지만, 포기하지 않고 꾸준히 연습하고 있어요.
화자는 이 여행에서 어떤 점을 '잊을 수 없는 경험'이라고 생각합니까?
Read this passage:
이번 여행은 정말 잊을 수 없는 경험이었어요. 날씨가 좋지 않아 비행기가 지연되었고, 심지어 숙소 예약조차 제대로 되지 않아 한참을 헤매야 했죠. 하지만 모든 어려움 속에서도 새로운 사람들을 만나고 예상치 못한 아름다운 풍경을 발견하며 뜻깊은 시간을 보냈습니다. 결국 힘든 과정조차 여행의 일부가 되어 좋은 추억으로 남았어요.
화자는 이 여행에서 어떤 점을 '잊을 수 없는 경험'이라고 생각합니까?
지문에서 '모든 어려움 속에서도 새로운 사람들을 만나고 예상치 못한 아름다운 풍경을 발견하며 뜻깊은 시간을 보냈다'고 언급하며, 힘든 과정조차 좋은 추억이 되었다고 말하고 있습니다.
지문에서 '모든 어려움 속에서도 새로운 사람들을 만나고 예상치 못한 아름다운 풍경을 발견하며 뜻깊은 시간을 보냈다'고 언급하며, 힘든 과정조차 좋은 추억이 되었다고 말하고 있습니다.
이 프로젝트에서 '심지어 팀장님조차 성공 가능성에 대해 확신하지 못하는 분위기'라는 문장이 의미하는 바는 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
새로운 프로젝트를 시작했는데, 초기 계획부터 예상치 못한 문제들이 발생했습니다. 팀원 중 일부는 회의적인 반응을 보였고, 심지어 팀장님조차 성공 가능성에 대해 확신하지 못하는 분위기였습니다. 하지만 우리는 포기하지 않고 모든 문제를 하나씩 해결해 나갔습니다. 결국, 모두의 노력 덕분에 프로젝트는 성공적으로 마무리될 수 있었습니다.
이 프로젝트에서 '심지어 팀장님조차 성공 가능성에 대해 확신하지 못하는 분위기'라는 문장이 의미하는 바는 무엇입니까?
~조차는 놀랍거나 예상 밖의 포함을 강조할 때 사용됩니다. 팀장님조차 확신하지 못했다는 것은 그 상황의 어려움이 얼마나 컸는지 강조하는 것입니다.
~조차는 놀랍거나 예상 밖의 포함을 강조할 때 사용됩니다. 팀장님조차 확신하지 못했다는 것은 그 상황의 어려움이 얼마나 컸는지 강조하는 것입니다.
이 글에서 '심지어 자신에게 불리한 상황조차도 이해하려고 노력했습니다'라는 문장을 통해 알 수 있는 그녀의 성격은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
그녀는 항상 주변 사람들에게 친절하고 배려심이 깊은 사람으로 알려져 있었습니다. 아무리 힘든 상황에서도 미소를 잃지 않았고, 심지어 자신에게 불리한 상황조차도 이해하려고 노력했습니다. 이러한 그녀의 태도는 많은 사람들에게 깊은 인상을 주었고, 그녀를 더욱 존경하게 만들었습니다.
이 글에서 '심지어 자신에게 불리한 상황조차도 이해하려고 노력했습니다'라는 문장을 통해 알 수 있는 그녀의 성격은 무엇입니까?
자신에게 불리한 상황조차도 이해하려고 노력하는 것은 객관적인 태도와 넓은 포용력을 보여주는 특징입니다.
자신에게 불리한 상황조차도 이해하려고 노력하는 것은 객관적인 태도와 넓은 포용력을 보여주는 특징입니다.
다음 중 '~조차'의 사용이 적절한 문장은?
'~조차'는 일반적으로 예상되는 것까지도 포함하여 놀라움을 표현할 때 사용합니다. 바빠서 아침을 먹지 못했다는 것은 흔한 일인데, 아침식사조차 못했다는 것은 매우 바빴음을 강조하는 놀라움을 표현합니다.
다음 문장에서 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은? '그는 너무 피곤해서 밥을 먹을 ____ 힘이 없었다.'
밥을 먹는 것은 기본적인 활동인데, 그것조차 힘이 없었다는 것은 피곤함의 정도가 매우 심했음을 강조합니다. '~조차'는 이렇게 예상 밖의 일까지도 포함하여 놀라움을 나타낼 때 사용합니다.
다음 대화에서 '~조차'를 사용하여 자연스럽게 대화를 이어갈 수 있는 문장은? A: "어제 잠을 한숨도 못 잤어."
잠을 한숨도 못 자서 매우 피곤한 상황에서, 피로 회복에 도움이 되는 커피조차 마시지 못했다는 것은 그 피곤함의 정도를 강조하는 놀라움을 표현하기에 적절합니다.
'~조차'는 긍정적인 상황을 강조할 때 주로 사용된다.
'~조차'는 주로 부정적인 상황이나 예상 밖의 상황을 강조하며 놀라움을 표현할 때 사용됩니다. 긍정적인 상황에는 잘 쓰이지 않습니다.
'그는 너무 화가 나서 말조차 할 수 없었다.'라는 문장은 '~조차'의 사용이 적절하다.
화가 나서 말하는 것조차 불가능했다는 것은 분노의 정도가 매우 심했음을 강조하는 문장으로, '~조차'의 사용이 적절합니다. 이는 예상 밖의 포함을 나타냅니다.
'~조차'는 어떤 대상을 포함시키지 않을 때 사용한다.
'~조차'는 어떤 대상을 포함시킴으로써 놀라움을 강조하는 표현입니다. 포함시키지 않을 때는 '심지어 ~도'와 같은 다른 표현을 사용합니다.
The speaker is talking about someone who is very poor.
The speaker is explaining why a trip was cancelled.
The speaker is describing someone's thoughtful action despite being busy.
Read this aloud:
너무 놀라서 말조차 제대로 할 수 없었어요.
Focus: 말조차
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
가까운 친구조차 저를 이해하지 못하는 것 같았어요.
Focus: 친구조차
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
간단한 질문조차 대답하기 어려웠습니다.
Focus: 질문조차
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence emphasizes that he didn't even greet, highlighting a surprising lack of basic courtesy.
The speaker couldn't even dream, suggesting an extreme state of exhaustion or despair.
This emphasizes the failure to solve even the easiest problem, indicating a significant struggle or difficulty.
/ 108 correct
Perfect score!
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Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Grammaire lie
Plus de mots sur business
에 대한
A2Concerning or relating to; about, regarding.
~대하여
A2About, concerning, regarding.
대해서
A2Concerning or with regard to; about, regarding.
에 대해
A2About; regarding.
풍요롭다
A2To be abundant, prosperous, or rich.
관철하다
B2To carry through, achieve, or persist in one's will or goal until it is accomplished, despite difficulties.
~에 따라
B1According to, depending on; as stated by or determined by.
에 따라
A2According to; in accordance with.
에 의하면
B1According to; as stated by or reported by.
계좌번호
A2A unique identifier for a bank account.
