When you want to say "if" or "when" in Korean, you can use the particle ~으면/면. This is attached to the stem of a verb or adjective. If the stem ends with a consonant (a batchim), you use ~으면. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹으면 (if you eat).
If the stem ends with a vowel, you use ~면. For instance, 가다 (to go) becomes 가면 (if you go). This particle is really useful for forming conditional sentences in Korean.
It's important to remember that it expresses a condition, so the action in the second part of the sentence will happen if the condition in the first part is met. This is a common and practical grammatical structure you'll use often.
When you want to express a condition or assumption, you can use the ~으면/면 ending. This is similar to saying "if" or "when" in English. The choice between ~으면 and ~면 depends on whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or a vowel. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you add ~으면. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹으면 (if you eat).
If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add ~면. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가면 (if you go). This ending is really useful for talking about hypothetical situations or making plans that depend on something else. You'll hear and use this a lot in everyday Korean conversations.
~으면/면 is a versatile conditional ending in Korean, meaning 'if' or 'when'. You attach ~으면 to verb or adjective stems ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹으면), and ~면 to stems ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (e.g., 가다 -> 가면, 만들다 -> 만들면).
This ending introduces a condition, and the clause following it describes what happens if that condition is met. For example, '비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요' means 'If it rains, I will stay home'. It's a fundamental structure for expressing conditions and hypothetical situations.
~으면/면 is a versatile conditional ending in Korean, essential for expressing 'if' or 'when'. You attach ~으면 to verb or adjective stems ending in a consonant, and ~면 to stems ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ'. This grammatical structure sets up a condition, where the following clause depends on the preceding one being true.
For instance, if you want to say 'If it rains, I will stay home,' you would use 비가 오면 (if it rains). The conditional clause acts as a prerequisite for the action or state described in the main clause. It's widely used in daily conversation, from making plans to giving advice or expressing possibilities.
~으면/면 is a versatile conditional ending in Korean, essential for expressing 'if' or 'when'. The choice between ~으면 and ~면 depends on the final consonant of the verb stem. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you use ~으면 (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹으면). If it ends in a vowel, you use ~면 (e.g., 가다 -> 가면).
This ending can be used for various conditional situations, from simple 'if X, then Y' statements to more nuanced hypothetical scenarios. It's crucial for constructing complex sentences and expressing conditions, causes, and possibilities. For instance, '비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요' means 'If it rains, I will stay home'.
§ What ~으면/면 Means and When to Use It
The Korean particle ~으면/면 is a super useful conditional ending. Think of it like saying 'if' or 'when' in English. It connects two clauses, where the first clause (before ~으면/면) sets up a condition, and the second clause describes what happens if that condition is met. It's used all the time in everyday conversation, so mastering it will really help your Korean sound more natural.
Let's break down how it works. You attach ~으면 to a verb or adjective stem if the stem ends in a consonant (has a batchim). If the stem ends in a vowel, you attach ~면. Simple as that! For example, if you have the verb 가다 (to go), the stem is 가. Since it ends in a vowel, you add ~면, making it 가면. If you have 먹다 (to eat), the stem is 먹. Since it ends in a consonant, you add ~으면, making it 먹으면.
You can use ~으면/면 to express a variety of conditional meanings:
- General conditions: This is the most common use. It describes a situation where if one thing happens, another thing will also happen. It's like a general truth or a hypothetical situation.
- Suggestions or recommendations: You can use it to suggest what someone should do in a particular situation.
- Instructions: When giving directions or explaining how to do something, ~으면/면 can be used to lay out steps or conditions.
Let's look at some examples to make this clearer. Imagine you're talking about going to a friend's house:
시간이 있으면 만나요.
- DEFINITION
- If I have time, let's meet.
Here, '시간이 있으면' sets the condition: having time. If that condition is met, then '만나요' (let's meet) happens. It's a simple, straightforward conditional statement.
Consider another scenario, perhaps about food:
배고프면 밥 먹어요.
- DEFINITION
- If you're hungry, eat rice.
This is an example of a suggestion or recommendation. If the condition of being hungry is met, the suggestion is to eat. It's practical advice based on a specific situation.
It's important to differentiate ~으면/면 from other conditional endings you might encounter later, but for now, focus on understanding its core meaning of 'if' or 'when' for general conditions. It's a foundational grammatical pattern that you'll build upon. Don't overthink it; just get comfortable with the basic conjugation and its usage in simple sentences.
비가 오면 우산 가져가세요.
- DEFINITION
- If it rains, take an umbrella.
This sentence gives an instruction or advice based on a potential event. The condition is '비가 오다' (it rains), and the action to take is '우산 가져가세요' (take an umbrella). This pattern is incredibly versatile and you'll find yourself using it constantly to express logical connections between ideas.
Practice making your own sentences. Think of simple 'if-then' scenarios in your daily life and try to translate them using ~으면/면. For instance, 'If I'm tired, I'll sleep.' (피곤하면 잘 거예요.) or 'If it's cheap, I'll buy it.' (싸면 살 거예요.). The more you practice, the more natural it will feel.
§ Understanding ~으면/면
The Korean particle ~으면/면 is crucial for expressing conditions. It's similar to saying "if" or "when" in English. Understanding how to use it correctly will significantly improve your ability to form complex sentences and engage in more nuanced conversations.
- Definition
- This particle is attached to the stem of a verb or adjective to express a conditional clause. It means 'if' or 'when' the preceding clause is true, then the following clause will occur.
Let's break down how to attach ~으면/면:
- If the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (batchim), use ~으면. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹으면 (if you eat).
- If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel, use ~면. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가면 (if you go).
- If the verb/adjective stem ends in ㄹ (batchim), drop the ㄹ and add ~면. For example, 만들다 (to make) becomes 만들면 (if you make).
§ At Work
In a professional setting, ~으면/면 is essential for discussing plans, setting conditions, and outlining procedures. It helps you communicate clearly about what needs to happen under certain circumstances.
내일까지 보고서를 제출하면 됩니다.
Translation hint: If you submit the report by tomorrow, it will be fine. (You should submit the report by tomorrow.)
사장님이 오시면, 회의를 시작합시다.
Translation hint: If the boss comes, let's start the meeting.
문제가 생기면, 바로 알려주세요.
Translation hint: If a problem occurs, please let me know immediately.
§ At School
In academic settings, ~으면/면 is used for discussing hypothetical situations, rules, and outcomes. It's great for explaining what will happen if certain conditions are met in your studies or assignments.
숙제를 다 하면, 놀러 갈 수 있어요.
Translation hint: If you finish your homework, you can go play.
질문이 있으면, 언제든지 물어보세요.
Translation hint: If you have a question, please ask anytime.
시험을 잘 보면, 장학금을 받을 수 있어요.
Translation hint: If you do well on the exam, you can receive a scholarship.
§ In the News
News reports frequently use ~으면/면 to discuss potential outcomes, government policies, and economic forecasts. It's a key element in describing cause-and-effect relationships.
경제가 성장하면, 고용률도 높아질 것입니다.
Translation hint: If the economy grows, the employment rate will also increase.
정부가 새로운 정책을 도입하면, 많은 변화가 예상됩니다.
Translation hint: If the government introduces new policies, many changes are expected.
비가 오면, 야외 행사가 취소될 수 있습니다.
Translation hint: If it rains, the outdoor event may be canceled.
§ Using ~으면/면 with Past Tense
A common mistake learners make is trying to attach ~으면/면 to a verb or adjective that is already in the past tense. In Korean, the conditional ending ~으면/면 always attaches to the present tense form of the verb or adjective. You don't say 'if I went' as '갔으면', but rather 'if I go/went' as '가면'. The nuance of past or future is often inferred from the context or from the main clause of the sentence.
- Wrong
- 어제 갔으면, 친구를 만났을 거예요. (If I had gone yesterday, I would have met my friend.)
- Correct
- 어제 가면, 친구를 만났을 거예요. (If I had gone yesterday, I would have met my friend.)
지금 먹으면, 배부를 거예요. (If I eat now, I will be full.)
§ Confusing ~으면/면 with ~았/었으면 좋겠다
While both express a conditional idea, ~으면/면 is a general conditional, whereas ~았/었으면 좋겠다 expresses a wish or hope. It's important not to interchange them, as they carry different meanings.
- ~으면/면
- Expresses a general condition. If X happens, then Y will happen.
- ~았/었으면 좋겠다
- Expresses a wish or desire. I wish X would happen.
비가 오면, 소풍을 못 가요. (If it rains, we can't go on the picnic.)
비가 안 왔으면 좋겠다. (I wish it wouldn't rain.)
§ Omitting the Subject when it's Different
In Korean, subjects are often omitted if they can be understood from context. However, with conditional sentences, if the subject of the conditional clause is different from the subject of the main clause, you must explicitly state it. Omitting it can lead to confusion.
- Wrong
- 공부하면, 저는 쉬고 싶어요. (If (I) study, I want to rest.) - This implies 'if I study, I want to rest'.
- Correct
- 언니가 공부하면, 저는 쉬고 싶어요. (If my older sister studies, I want to rest.)
엄마가 요리하면, 아빠는 설거지해요. (If mom cooks, dad does the dishes.)
§ Using ~으면/면 for Sequential Actions
While ~으면/면 can sometimes imply a sequential action (if/when you do X, then Y happens), it's not its primary function for simple chronological order. For clear sequential actions, especially when there's no conditional aspect, other grammar patterns like ~고 (and, then) or ~아/어서 (and, so, therefore) are more appropriate.
Use ~고 for simple chronological order: I did X, and then I did Y.
Use ~아/어서 when the first action is the reason or cause for the second: Because X happened, Y happened.
- Less Natural (using ~으면/면 for sequence)
- 집에 가면 밥을 먹었어요. (If I went home, I ate.) - This sounds more like a conditional past habit, not a simple sequence.
- More Natural (~고 for sequence)
- 집에 가고 밥을 먹었어요. (I went home and ate.)
도서관에 가면 책을 빌릴 수 있어요. (If you go to the library, you can borrow books.) - Here, it's a condition.
§ Understanding ~으면/면: The 'If' and 'When' Particle
The Korean conditional ending ~으면/면 is your go-to particle for expressing 'if' or 'when' something happens. It attaches to the stem of a verb or adjective. If the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant, you use ~으면. If it ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (which is treated like a vowel for this grammar point), you use ~면. It's used for conditions that are general truths, possibilities, or even hypothetical situations.
비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I will stay home.)
배가 고프면 밥 먹어요. (If you're hungry, eat.)
§ ~으면/면 vs. ~ (으)려면: Expressing Intention or Purpose
While ~으면/면 sets a general condition, ~(으)려면 (which combines ~으려면 with ~면) specifically expresses 'if you intend to' or 'if you want to.' It's about a condition that's tied to an intention or a purpose.
- DEFINITION
- ~(으)려면: if one intends to; if one wants to (conditional for intention/purpose)
한국어를 잘 하려면 열심히 공부해야 해요. (If you want to speak Korean well, you have to study hard.)
Notice how ~(으)려면 implies a goal. You wouldn't use ~으면/면 in the same context if you want to emphasize the intention.
§ ~으면/면 vs. ~ (아/어)야: Expressing Necessity
The particle ~(아/어)야 also expresses a condition, but it carries a strong sense of necessity or obligation. It means 'only if X, then Y' or 'Y must happen, so X must happen.' The result (Y) is highly dependent on the condition (X) being met.
- DEFINITION
- ~(아/어)야: only if; must (conditional for necessity)
숙제를 다 해야 놀 수 있어요. (You can only play if you finish all your homework.)
Here, finishing homework is a prerequisite for playing. If you used ~으면/면, it would sound like 'If you finish homework, you can play,' which is a more general condition without the strong sense of 'only if'.
§ ~으면/면 vs. ~ (으)니까: Expressing Reason or Basis
The ending ~(으)니까 also shows a relationship between two clauses, but it often expresses a reason or a basis for a command, suggestion, or realization. It means 'because' or 'since', and the second clause often contains a command, suggestion, or discovery.
- DEFINITION
- ~(으)니까: because; since (reason/basis)
날씨가 좋으니까 산책하러 갑시다. (Since the weather is good, let's go for a walk.)
While both ~으면/면 and ~(으)니까 connect ideas, ~으면/면 sets up a hypothetical situation, whereas ~(으)니까 states a fact that is the reason for the following action or suggestion.
§ When to stick with ~으면/면
You should use ~으면/면 when you are talking about:
- General conditions: 'If you push this button, the light turns on.'
- Hypothetical situations: 'If I were rich, I would buy a house.'
- Possibilities: 'If you study hard, you might pass the exam.'
- Time-related 'when': 'When it gets cold, wear a coat.'
Guide de prononciation
- Incorrectly pronouncing 으면 as two separate syllables instead of a blended sound.
- Confusing the pronunciation with similar-sounding particles.
Grammaire à connaître
Use ~으면 if the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant (batchim).
읽다 (to read) -> 읽으면 (if you read); 먹다 (to eat) -> 먹으면 (if you eat)
Use ~면 if the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (ri-eul) consonant.
가다 (to go) -> 가면 (if you go); 만들다 (to make) -> 만들면 (if you make)
This grammar pattern indicates a condition or assumption. The clause before ~으면/면 is the condition, and the clause after is the result.
비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I will stay at home.)
It can also be used to express a general truth or habitual action, similar to 'when' in English.
배가 고프면, 밥을 먹어요. (When I'm hungry, I eat.)
When used with past tense (~았/었으면), it expresses a wish or regret, meaning 'if only I had...' or 'I wish I had...'.
시간이 있었으면 좋겠어요. (I wish I had time.)
Exemples par niveau
지금 가면, 세일해요.
If you go now, there's a sale.
배고프면, 밥 먹어요.
If you're hungry, eat rice/a meal.
피곤하면, 쉬세요.
If you're tired, please rest.
날씨가 좋으면, 공원에 가요.
If the weather is good, I go to the park.
시간이 있으면, 저녁 같이 먹어요.
If you have time, let's eat dinner together.
비싸면, 안 사요.
If it's expensive, I don't buy it.
한국어를 배우면, 좋아요.
If you learn Korean, it's good.
서울에 가면, 남산 타워에 가고 싶어요.
If I go to Seoul, I want to go to Namsan Tower.
지금 바로 출발하면 제시간에 도착할 수 있을 거예요.
If you leave right now, you'll be able to arrive on time.
Used to express a condition that, if met, will lead to a certain outcome.
만약 질문이 있으시면 언제든지 말씀해주세요.
If you have any questions, please feel free to tell me anytime.
Used with '만약' (if, in case) to emphasize the conditional nature.
이 책을 다 읽으면 다음 책을 빌려드릴게요.
If you finish reading this book, I'll lend you the next one.
Indicates a sequence of events where the first action is a prerequisite for the second.
날씨가 좋으면 산책하러 나갈까요?
If the weather is good, shall we go for a walk?
Proposes an action dependent on a specific condition.
피곤하면 잠깐 쉬어도 괜찮아요.
If you're tired, it's okay to rest for a bit.
Offers permission or a suggestion based on a condition.
열심히 공부하면 좋은 성적을 받을 수 있을 거예요.
If you study hard, you'll be able to get good grades.
Connects effort with a positive outcome.
도움이 필요하면 언제든지 저에게 연락하세요.
If you need help, contact me anytime.
A polite way to offer assistance or make oneself available.
길을 잃으면 스마트폰으로 지도를 확인하면 돼요.
If you get lost, you can check the map on your smartphone.
Provides a solution for a potential problem.
Souvent confondu avec
While ~으면/면 can sometimes be translated as 'when,' particularly for future or habitual events, its core meaning is 'if.' For definite past or present 'when,' Korean uses different constructions like ~을 때/ㄹ 때.
The confusion arises because a condition can sometimes imply a reason. However, ~어서/아서 explicitly states a cause or reason, leading to a result, while ~으면/면 states a condition that must be met for something to happen.
Sometimes, a sequence of events can feel conditional. However, ~고 simply connects actions in a chronological or logical order without implying 'if'.
Modèles grammaticaux
Facile à confondre
Often confused with ~으면/면 because both can introduce a condition. However, ~어도/아도 means 'even if' or 'although,' implying a concession or something contrary to expectation.
~으면/면 sets up a straightforward condition (if A, then B). ~어도/아도 sets up a concessional condition (even if A, B still happens or is true).
비가 와도 갈 거예요. (Even if it rains, I will go.) vs. 비가 오면 안 갈 거예요. (If it rains, I won't go.)
Both can connect clauses, but ~거나 means 'or' and presents alternatives, not conditions.
~으면/면 is conditional. ~거나 lists options or choices.
밥을 먹거나 빵을 먹을 거예요. (I will eat rice or bread.) vs. 밥을 먹으면 배부를 거예요. (If I eat rice, I will be full.)
Can introduce background information, sometimes setting up a context that feels like a condition. However, it's primarily for providing context or contrast, not a direct 'if' statement.
~으면/면 directly states a condition. ~는데/은데 gives background, introduces a topic, or shows a contrast.
지금 바쁜데, 나중에 얘기할까요? (I'm busy now, shall we talk later?) vs. 바쁘면 나중에 얘기해요. (If you're busy, talk later.)
Indicates an immediate action after another, which can feel like a temporal condition. However, it means 'as soon as' or 'immediately after,' focusing on sequence rather than a general 'if' scenario.
~으면/면 is a general conditional. ~자마자 specifies an immediate consequence of an action.
집에 도착하자마자 잘 거예요. (As soon as I arrive home, I will sleep.) vs. 집에 도착하면 연락할게요. (If I arrive home, I will contact you.)
This is also a conditional ending, but it's typically used for hypothetical or uncertain conditions, or when reporting someone else's conditional statement. ~으면/면 is more general for real or likely conditions.
~으면/면 is for general or real conditions. ~다면 is often for hypothetical, imagined, or reported conditions.
만약 제가 부자라면 세계 여행을 할 거예요. (If I were rich, I would travel the world.) vs. 돈이 있으면 여행을 갈 수 있어요. (If I have money, I can travel.)
Structures de phrases
V-으면/면
만약 비가 오면, 우리는 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, we will stay home.)
A-으면/면
날씨가 좋으면, 산책하러 갈까요? (If the weather is good, shall we go for a walk?)
N-(이)면
학생이면, 할인을 받을 수 있어요. (If you are a student, you can get a discount.)
V-았/었으면 좋겠다
주말에 날씨가 좋았으면 좋겠어요. (I hope the weather is good on the weekend.)
V-으면/면 안 되다
늦으면 안 돼요. (You shouldn't be late.)
V-으면/면 되다
여기 앉으면 돼요. (You can sit here.)
V-으면/면 어때요?
영화 보러 가면 어때요? (How about going to see a movie?)
V-으면/면 알다
이 책을 읽으면 알 수 있어요. (If you read this book, you can know.)
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Comment l'utiliser
Use ~으면/면 to express a conditional statement, meaning 'if' or 'when.' The choice between ~으면 and ~면 depends on the ending of the verb or adjective stem. If the stem ends in a consonant (batchim), use ~으면. If the stem ends in a vowel, use ~면. For example, '가다' (to go) becomes '가면' (if you go), and '먹다' (to eat) becomes '먹으면' (if you eat). This grammar point is commonly used to talk about possibilities, hypothetical situations, or general conditions.
A common mistake is confusing ~으면/면 with ~았/었으면 좋겠다, which expresses a wish or hope. While both involve a condition, ~으면/면 is a neutral conditional, whereas ~았/었으면 좋겠다 specifically conveys a desire. Another mistake is incorrect attachment to the verb/adjective stem. Always remember the batchim rule: consonant ending gets ~으면, vowel ending gets ~면. For irregular verbs like 돕다 (to help), the 'ㅂ' changes to '우' before a vowel ending, so '도우면' (if you help) is correct, not '돕으면'.
Astuces
Basic usage of ~으면/면
The particle ~으면/면 is attached to the verb stem or adjective stem to express a condition or assumption. It means 'if' or 'when'.
Choosing between ~으면 and ~면
Use ~으면 if the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹으면). Use ~면 if the stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ (e.g., 가다 -> 가면, 만들다 -> 만들면).
Example: If you go...
학교에 가면 선생님을 만날 수 있어요. (If you go to school, you can meet the teacher.)
Example: If you eat...
배고프면 밥을 먹으면 돼요. (If you are hungry, you can eat rice.)
Conditional future tense
When expressing a conditional future action, you can combine ~으면/면 with ~겠~ (future intention/conjecture). For example, 비가 오겠으면, 우산을 가져가세요. (If it looks like it will rain, take an umbrella.)
Asking for advice
~으면/면 is often used when asking for advice or suggestions. For example, 어디로 가면 좋을까요? (Where should I go? / If I go, where would be good?)
Common fixed expressions
There are many common expressions using ~으면/면. For example, 괜찮으면 (if it's okay), 필요하면 (if you need it).
Not for past tense
~으면/면 is generally not used with past tense verb stems directly to form a conditional clause. For past conditions, other grammar structures are used.
Implied condition
Sometimes the 'if' condition is implied and not explicitly stated. For example, 바쁘면 다음에 만나요. (If you're busy, let's meet next time.)
Distinction from ~아/어서
While both can indicate 'if/when', ~으면/면 states a general condition. ~아/어서 usually indicates a sequence of events or a reason/cause. For example, 피곤하면 쉬세요 (If you're tired, rest) vs. 피곤해서 쉬어요 (I'm resting because I'm tired).
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a friend named 'Moon' who always says 'if' before doing something. So, '~으면/면' sounds like 'if Moon...'.
Association visuelle
Picture a fork in a road, representing a choice or a condition. One path is labeled '~으면' and the other '~면', both leading to different outcomes depending 'if' you choose them.
Word Web
Défi
Create five sentences using '~으면/면' to express different conditions and their outcomes. For example: - 비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I will stay home.) - 배고프면 밥 먹어요. (If you are hungry, eat rice/food.) - 한국에 가면 김치를 먹을 거예요. (If I go to Korea, I will eat kimchi.) - 시간이 있으면 영화 볼까요? (If there is time, shall we watch a movie?) - 질문이 있으면 언제든지 물어보세요. (If you have questions, please ask anytime.)
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Making plans or suggestions
- 시간 있으면 영화 볼까요? (If you have time, shall we watch a movie?)
- 비 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I'll stay home.)
- 배고프면 밥 먹으러 가자. (If you're hungry, let's go eat.)
Giving advice or instructions
- 피곤하면 좀 쉬세요. (If you're tired, please rest a bit.)
- 모르면 질문하세요. (If you don't know, please ask a question.)
- 더우면 창문 열어. (If it's hot, open the window.)
Discussing possibilities or hypothetical situations
- 돈이 많으면 세계 여행을 할 거예요. (If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.)
- 한국에 가면 김치를 먹을 거예요. (If I go to Korea, I'll eat kimchi.)
- 공부하면 한국어를 잘할 수 있어요. (If you study, you can speak Korean well.)
Explaining conditions for something to happen
- 할인 받으면 더 싸게 살 수 있어요. (If you get a discount, you can buy it cheaper.)
- 일찍 오면 좋은 자리에 앉을 수 있어요. (If you come early, you can sit in a good spot.)
- 숙제 다 하면 놀 수 있어. (If you finish all your homework, you can play.)
Expressing conditional politeness or requests
- 괜찮으시면 도와주세요. (If it's okay, please help me.)
- 필요하시면 말씀해주세요. (If you need something, please tell me.)
- 시간 되시면 연락 주세요. (If you have time, please contact me.)
Amorces de conversation
"주말에 날씨 좋으면 뭐 할 거예요?"
"친구가 한국에 오면 어디를 소개해 줄 거예요?"
"돈이 많이 생기면 가장 먼저 뭘 하고 싶어요?"
"스트레스 받으면 어떻게 해소해요?"
"내일 시간이 되면 같이 점심 먹을까요?"
Sujets d'écriture
만약 제가 한국어를 아주 잘하면, 무엇을 하고 싶을까요?
만약 로또에 당첨된다면, 저의 삶은 어떻게 바뀔까요?
만약 과거로 돌아갈 수 있다면, 언제로 가서 무엇을 하고 싶을까요?
만약 제가 하루 동안 투명인간이 된다면, 무엇을 할까요?
만약 세상에 딱 한 가지 질문만 할 수 있다면, 무엇을 물어볼까요?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsThe choice between ~으면 and ~면 depends on the final consonant of the verb stem. If the verb stem ends in a consonant (batchim), you use ~으면. For example, 읽다 (to read) becomes 읽으면 (if you read). If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you use ~면. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가면 (if you go).
Yes, ~으면/면 can be used with adjectives to express a conditional state. For instance, 예쁘다 (to be pretty) becomes 예쁘면 (if it's pretty), and 좋다 (to be good) becomes 좋으면 (if it's good).
When using ~으면/면 with 있다 (to have/exist) or 없다 (to not have/exist), you treat them like verb stems ending in a consonant. So, 있다 becomes 있으면 (if there is/if you have), and 없다 becomes 없으면 (if there isn't/if you don't have).
While 'if' is the most common translation, ~으면/면 can also mean 'when' in a conditional sense. For example, 겨울이 오면 (when winter comes) implies a condition for something else to happen.
To make a conditional sentence negative, you attach ~으면/면 to the negative form of the verb or adjective. For example, 안 가다 (not to go) becomes 안 가면 (if you don't go), and 재미없다 (to not be fun) becomes 재미없으면 (if it's not fun).
Yes, you can use ~으면/면 with past tense verbs or adjectives to express a condition based on a past event. For example, 갔으면 (if I had gone), or 좋았으면 (if it had been good).
While ~으면/면 itself doesn't express future tense, you can use it with verbs that are already in the future tense or combine it with future-oriented expressions. For instance, 내일 비가 오면 (if it rains tomorrow) implies a future condition.
While both express condition, ~다면 (if it were/if one says) often implies a hypothetical or assumed condition, or when quoting a hypothetical statement. ~으면/면 is more general and widely used for direct conditions.
Yes, many! For example, 괜찮으면 (if it's okay), 필요하면 (if you need it), 시간 있으면 (if you have time). These are very practical for everyday conversations.
The best way to practice is to create your own sentences! Think of everyday situations where you might use 'if' or 'when'. For example, 'If I go to the store, I will buy milk.' (가게에 가면 우유를 살 거예요.) or 'If it's hot, I'll open the window.' (더우면 창문을 열 거예요.).
Teste-toi 78 questions
피곤하___, 집에 가세요. (If you are tired, please go home.)
To say 'if you are tired', we attach -으면 to the verb stem. 피곤하다 becomes 피곤하면.
배고프___, 빵을 먹어요. (If you are hungry, eat bread.)
The particle -으면 is used to express a conditional 'if'. 배고프다 becomes 배고프면.
비가 오___, 우산을 가져가세요. (If it rains, take an umbrella.)
To express 'if it rains', we use -으면. 오다 becomes 오면.
시간이 있___, 영화를 봐요. (If you have time, watch a movie.)
있다 (to have) combines with -으면 to form 있으면, meaning 'if you have'.
날씨가 좋___, 공원에 가요. (If the weather is good, let's go to the park.)
좋다 (to be good) combines with -으면 to form 좋으면, meaning 'if it is good'.
돈이 없___, 사지 마세요. (If you don't have money, don't buy it.)
없다 (to not have) combines with -으면 to form 없으면, meaning 'if you don't have'.
Choose the correct way to say 'If I go':
When the verb stem ends in a vowel (like 가-), you attach -면.
Which sentence means 'If you eat, you will be full'?
먹으면 (if you eat), 배불러요 (you will be full).
How do you say 'If it's good'?
When the verb stem ends in a consonant (like 좋-), you attach -으면.
The particle ~으면/면 is used to express a condition or assumption.
Yes, it means 'if' or 'when' in a conditional sense.
You always attach ~으면 to a verb stem, regardless of whether it ends in a vowel or a consonant.
No, you attach ~면 to vowel-ending stems and ~으면 to consonant-ending stems.
The sentence '비 오면 집에 가요' means 'If it rains, I go home.'
비 오면 (if it rains), 집에 가요 (I go home).
It's about going home if it rains.
It's about eating if you're hungry.
It's about resting if you're tired.
Read this aloud:
공부하면 똑똑해져요.
Focus: 공부하면
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
한국에 가면 김치를 먹을 거예요.
Focus: 한국에 가면
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
잠이 오면 자요.
Focus: 잠이 오면
Tu as dit :
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You want to buy coffee if you go to the cafe. Write this in Korean. (Cafe: 카페, Coffee: 커피, Buy: 사다, Go: 가다)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
카페에 가면 커피를 사요.
You are hungry if you don't eat rice. Write this in Korean. (Rice: 밥, Eat: 먹다, Hungry: 배고프다)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
밥을 안 먹으면 배고파요.
You will be happy if you study Korean. Write this in Korean. (Study: 공부하다, Happy: 행복하다)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
한국어를 공부하면 행복해요.
What do you do if your friend comes?
Read this passage:
친구가 오면 같이 영화를 봐요. (If my friend comes, we watch a movie together.)
What do you do if your friend comes?
The passage states '같이 영화를 봐요' which means 'watch a movie together'.
The passage states '같이 영화를 봐요' which means 'watch a movie together'.
What do you do if it rains?
Read this passage:
비가 오면 집에 있어요. (If it rains, I stay at home.)
What do you do if it rains?
The passage says '집에 있어요' which means 'stay at home'.
The passage says '집에 있어요' which means 'stay at home'.
What do you do if you are tired?
Read this passage:
피곤하면 쉬어요. (If I'm tired, I rest.)
What do you do if you are tired?
The passage says '쉬어요' which means 'I rest'.
The passage says '쉬어요' which means 'I rest'.
저는 배가 고프면 (먹다) ____. (I eat if I'm hungry.)
To form the conditional, attach -으면 to verb stems ending in a consonant.
내일 날씨가 좋으면 우리는 공원에 (가다) ____. (If the weather is good tomorrow, we will go to the park.)
To form the conditional, attach -면 to verb stems ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ'.
피곤하면 (쉬다) ____. (If you're tired, rest.)
To form the conditional, attach -면 to verb stems ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ'.
시간이 (있다) ____, 영화를 볼까요? (If you have time, shall we watch a movie?)
To form the conditional, attach -으면 to verb stems ending in a consonant.
이 책을 (읽다) ____, 한국어를 더 잘 이해할 수 있을 거예요. (If you read this book, you'll be able to understand Korean better.)
To form the conditional, attach -으면 to verb stems ending in a consonant.
돈이 (많다) ____, 세계 여행을 하고 싶어요. (If I have a lot of money, I want to travel the world.)
To form the conditional, attach -으면 to adjective stems ending in a consonant.
This sentence means 'If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.' The conditional '오면' (if it rains) comes before the main clause '집에 있을 거예요.' (I will stay home).
This sentence means 'If I'm hungry, I'll cook and eat ramen.' '배고프면' (if hungry) sets the condition for '라면을 끓여 먹어요.' (cook and eat ramen).
This sentence means 'If you're tired, please rest a bit.' The conditional '피곤하면' (if tired) precedes the imperative '좀 쉬세요.' (please rest).
다음 문장 중 '~으면/면'의 사용이 올바른 것을 고르세요.
날씨가 좋다는 조건이 충족되면 소풍을 갈 것이라는 미래의 계획을 나타냅니다. 다른 보기들은 시제가 맞지 않거나 문법적으로 어색합니다.
다음 문장 중 조건과 결과가 자연스럽지 않은 것을 고르세요.
비가 오는 날씨에는 보통 운동장에 가지 않으므로 조건과 결과가 자연스럽지 않습니다. 다른 보기들은 조건과 결과가 논리적으로 연결됩니다.
빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요: "시간이 ______ 영화를 보러 가요."
시간이 있다는 조건이 충족되면 영화를 보러 간다는 의미이므로 '~으면'이 가장 적절합니다.
"배고프면 라면을 끓여 먹어요."는 '배고프다'라는 조건이 충족될 때 '라면을 끓여 먹는다'는 행동을 한다는 의미이다.
'~으면/면'은 앞 절의 내용이 조건이 되어 뒤 절의 내용이 발생함을 나타냅니다. 따라서 이 문장은 배고픔이라는 조건이 충족되면 라면을 먹는다는 의미가 맞습니다.
"내일 날씨가 좋으면 바다에 갈 거예요."라는 문장에서 '바다에 갈 거예요'는 과거에 일어난 일이다.
'~ㄹ 거예요'는 미래 시제를 나타냅니다. 따라서 '바다에 갈 거예요'는 미래에 일어날 일입니다.
"피곤하면 쉬세요."라는 문장은 조언이나 충고의 의미를 가질 수 있다.
'~으면/면' 뒤에 명령형이나 청유형이 오면, 앞 절의 조건이 충족될 경우 뒤 절의 행동을 하도록 조언하거나 충고하는 의미가 됩니다.
This sentence means 'If the food gets cold, it's not delicious.' The conditional ending '~으면' attaches to '식다' (to get cold) to form '식으면'.
This sentence means 'If you have any questions, please ask.' The conditional ending '~으면' attaches to '있다' (to have) to form '있으면'.
This sentence means 'If I go early tomorrow, I can go home.' The conditional ending '~으면' attaches to '가다' (to go) to form '가면'.
저는 비빔밥을 좋아해서 기회___ 자주 먹어요.
This sentence uses '~으면' to express a condition: 'If I have the chance, I often eat it.'
아무리 바쁘___ 건강을 챙겨야 해요.
The phrase '아무리 ~더라도' is used to express 'no matter how...'. Here, it means 'No matter how busy you are, you should take care of your health.' While '아무리 ~면' can be used, '더라도' emphasizes the strong concession.
시험에 합격___ 유학을 갈 거예요.
This sentence uses '~으면' to express a future condition: 'If I pass the exam, I will go to study abroad.'
피곤___ 잠시 쉬는 것이 좋아요.
This sentence uses '~으면' to express a general condition: 'If you are tired, it is good to rest for a while.'
부자___ 행복한 것은 아니에요.
The phrase '~라고 해서' is used to express 'just because... doesn't mean...'. Here, it means 'Just because you are rich doesn't mean you are happy.' While '라면' could imply a hypothetical, '라고 해서' is more precise for this meaning.
친구가 연락___ 바로 알려 주세요.
This sentence uses '~으면' to express a future condition: 'If your friend contacts you, please let me know right away.'
What will we do if it rains tomorrow?
What is being asked after finishing the book?
What is necessary to pass the exam?
Read this aloud:
시간이 있으면, 커피 한 잔 할까요?
Focus: 있으면
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
내일 날씨가 좋으면, 공원에 갈 거예요.
Focus: 좋으면
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
이해가 안 되면, 언제든지 질문하세요.
Focus: 안 되면
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
다음 문장 중 '~으면/면'의 사용이 올바르지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
동사 '춥다'는 ㅂ 불규칙 동사이므로 '-으면'과 결합할 때 '우'로 변합니다. 따라서 '추우면'이 올바른 형태입니다.
친구가 서울에 _____ 꼭 연락해 줘.
'~으면/면'은 일반적으로 현재나 미래의 조건에 사용됩니다. '왔으면'은 과거의 바람을 나타내고, '오는다면'과 '온다면'은 불확실한 가정을 나타내지만, 여기서는 단순한 조건이므로 '오면'이 가장 적절합니다.
다음 중 '만약'과 함께 사용하기에 가장 자연스러운 문장은 무엇입니까?
'만약'과 함께 사용할 때는 '-(으)면'보다 '-(ㄴ/는)다면'이 더 가정을 강조하고 문어적인 느낌을 줍니다. '있었으면'은 과거에 대한 가정을 나타냅니다.
'~으면/면'은 항상 미래의 일을 가정할 때만 사용된다.
'~으면/면'은 현재의 조건이나 반복되는 상황을 나타낼 때도 사용될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, '배고프면 밥을 먹어요.'처럼요.
받침이 있는 동사나 형용사 뒤에는 '~으면'이 붙고, 받침이 없는 경우에는 '~면'이 붙는 것이 일반적인 규칙이다.
이는 '~으면/면'의 기본적인 활용 규칙입니다. '먹다' → '먹으면', '가다' → '가면'.
어떤 행동이나 상태가 반복적으로 발생할 때의 조건을 나타낼 때는 '~으면/면' 대신 '-(으)면' 대신 '-(을) 때'를 사용해야 한다.
반복적인 상황의 조건에도 '~으면/면'을 사용할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, '졸리면 커피를 마셔요.'처럼요. '-(을) 때'는 특정 시점을 나타내는 데 더 중점을 둡니다.
Imagine you are planning a surprise party for a friend. Write a short message to another friend outlining what you will do if certain conditions are met (e.g., if it rains, if the guest of honor is late, if you can't find a specific cake).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
파티 계획 말인데, 만약 비가 오면 실내에서 할 거야. 그리고 주인공이 늦으면 너가 시간 끌어줘. 마지막으로 내가 원하는 케이크를 못 찾으면, 그냥 아무거나 맛있는 걸로 준비할게. 혹시 다른 좋은 아이디어 있으면 바로 연락해줘!
You are writing a short blog post about studying abroad. Explain what you would do if you encountered common challenges like homesickness, language barriers, or difficulty making friends. Use at least three sentences with '으면/면'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
유학 생활은 흥미롭지만 도전도 많죠. 만약 향수병이 오면, 한국 드라마를 보거나 가족과 영상 통화를 할 거예요. 언어 장벽이 있으면, 더 적극적으로 현지인들과 대화하며 배우려고 노력할 거예요. 그리고 친구 사귀기 어려우면, 동아리 활동에 참여하거나 자원봉사를 하면서 새로운 사람들을 만날 기회를 만들 거예요.
You are giving advice to someone starting a new business. Explain what they should do if they face financial difficulties, if their marketing strategy isn't working, or if they need to pivot their business model.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
새로운 사업을 시작하는 것은 정말 용감한 일입니다. 만약 자금난에 처하면, 정부 지원 프로그램이나 투자 유치를 알아보세요. 마케팅 전략이 효과가 없으면, 시장 조사를 다시 하고 고객의 피드백을 적극적으로 반영해야 합니다. 그리고 사업 모델을 변경해야 하면, 주저하지 말고 전문가의 조언을 구하여 과감하게 혁신을 시도하세요.
이 글의 필자는 어떤 선택을 더 권장하고 있나요?
Read this passage:
만약 당신이 인생의 갈림길에 서 있다면, 어떤 선택을 할 것인가요? 돈을 많이 벌 수 있지만 보람을 느끼지 못하는 직업을 택할 건가요, 아니면 수입은 적어도 당신의 열정을 불태울 수 있는 일을 선택할 건가요? 만약 후자를 택한다면, 비록 힘들더라도 그 과정에서 얻는 만족감은 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없을 것입니다.
이 글의 필자는 어떤 선택을 더 권장하고 있나요?
글의 마지막 문장에서 '만약 후자를 택한다면, 비록 힘들더라도 그 과정에서 얻는 만족감은 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없을 것입니다'라고 언급하며 열정을 따르는 선택에 대한 긍정적인 평가를 내리고 있습니다.
글의 마지막 문장에서 '만약 후자를 택한다면, 비록 힘들더라도 그 과정에서 얻는 만족감은 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없을 것입니다'라고 언급하며 열정을 따르는 선택에 대한 긍정적인 평가를 내리고 있습니다.
만약 운동할 시간이 부족한 경우, 필자는 어떤 대안을 제시하고 있나요?
Read this passage:
최근 한 연구에 따르면, 매일 30분 이상 걷는다면 심혈관 질환의 위험을 크게 낮출 수 있다고 합니다. 만약 규칙적인 운동을 꾸준히 한다면, 전반적인 건강 증진에 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 스트레스 해소에도 효과적입니다. 하지만 만약 운동할 시간이 부족하다면, 엘리베이터 대신 계단을 이용하거나 가까운 거리는 걸어가는 습관을 들이는 것이 좋습니다.
만약 운동할 시간이 부족한 경우, 필자는 어떤 대안을 제시하고 있나요?
지문에서 '만약 운동할 시간이 부족하다면, 엘리베이터 대신 계단을 이용하거나 가까운 거리는 걸어가는 습관을 들이는 것이 좋습니다'라고 명확히 언급하고 있습니다.
지문에서 '만약 운동할 시간이 부족하다면, 엘리베이터 대신 계단을 이용하거나 가까운 거리는 걸어가는 습관을 들이는 것이 좋습니다'라고 명확히 언급하고 있습니다.
이 글에서 미래 사회에서 도태되지 않기 위해 가장 중요한 것은 무엇이라고 강조하고 있나요?
Read this passage:
미래 사회는 인공지능 기술의 발전으로 많은 변화를 겪을 것입니다. 만약 우리가 이러한 변화에 적응하지 못한다면, 사회에서 도태될 수도 있습니다. 그러므로 새로운 기술을 배우고 끊임없이 자기 개발에 힘쓴다면, 우리는 다가올 미래를 더욱 풍요롭게 만들 수 있을 것입니다. 만약 학습을 게을리 한다면, 경쟁에서 뒤처질 수밖에 없을 것입니다.
이 글에서 미래 사회에서 도태되지 않기 위해 가장 중요한 것은 무엇이라고 강조하고 있나요?
글에서 '새로운 기술을 배우고 끊임없이 자기 개발에 힘쓴다면, 우리는 다가올 미래를 더욱 풍요롭게 만들 수 있을 것입니다'라고 하여 새로운 기술 학습과 자기 개발의 중요성을 강조하고 있습니다.
글에서 '새로운 기술을 배우고 끊임없이 자기 개발에 힘쓴다면, 우리는 다가올 미래를 더욱 풍요롭게 만들 수 있을 것입니다'라고 하여 새로운 기술 학습과 자기 개발의 중요성을 강조하고 있습니다.
This sentence means 'If the weather is good tomorrow, I will go hiking.' The conditional ending '~으면' is attached to '좋다' (to be good).
This sentence means 'If you have time, let's eat dinner together.' The conditional ending '~으면' is attached to '있다' (to have).
This sentence means 'If you have anything you're curious about, please ask anytime.' The conditional ending '~으면' is attached to '있다' (to have).
/ 78 correct
Perfect score!
Basic usage of ~으면/면
The particle ~으면/면 is attached to the verb stem or adjective stem to express a condition or assumption. It means 'if' or 'when'.
Choosing between ~으면 and ~면
Use ~으면 if the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹으면). Use ~면 if the stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ (e.g., 가다 -> 가면, 만들다 -> 만들면).
Example: If you go...
학교에 가면 선생님을 만날 수 있어요. (If you go to school, you can meet the teacher.)
Example: If you eat...
배고프면 밥을 먹으면 돼요. (If you are hungry, you can eat rice.)
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Plus de mots sur general
몇몇
A2An unspecified small number of; some or a few.
조금
A1A little/a bit
적게
A1A little / Few
약간
A2A little; slightly; somewhat.
많이
A1A lot/much
잠시
A2For a moment; briefly.
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2A little while ago, earlier.
대해
A2About, concerning.
~에 대해서
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
