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B1 noun #2,000 le plus courant 13 min de lecture

기준

gijun
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 기준 en 30 secondes
Explication 기준 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Korean language. While the word 기준 (gi-jun) is officially classified as a B1 level vocabulary word, A1 learners might still encounter it in very simplified contexts or as part of fixed expressions. For a beginner, understanding abstract concepts like 'standards' or 'criteria' can be challenging, especially when dealing with a new alphabet and basic grammar structures. However, introducing the concept early on can be beneficial. At this stage, learners focus on basic survival Korean—greetings, numbers, ordering food, and simple descriptions. The word 기준 might appear when discussing simple rules or basic comparisons. For example, a teacher might use the word when explaining the passing score for a simple vocabulary quiz. An A1 learner does not need to actively produce the word 기준 in complex sentences, but recognizing its sound and general meaning can provide a helpful foundation. The focus should be on associating the word with the idea of a 'rule' or a 'line' that separates one thing from another. To help A1 learners grasp this, it is useful to use highly visual and concrete examples. Imagine a height requirement for a roller coaster; that line is a 기준. Or consider the price limit one sets when shopping for souvenirs; that budget is a 기준. By connecting the abstract noun to tangible, everyday experiences, beginners can start to build a mental framework for the word. Furthermore, A1 learners can begin to notice the word in their environment if they are living in Korea or consuming Korean media. They might see it on signs, in instruction manuals, or hear it in simple dialogues on television shows. While they may not understand the surrounding grammar, picking out the word 기준 can be a rewarding milestone in their listening and reading comprehension. Teachers working with A1 students should avoid overwhelming them with the various collocations and grammatical nuances of 기준. Instead, the goal is simple exposure and basic recognition. As the learner progresses to higher levels, this early exposure will make the word feel more familiar and less intimidating. In summary, while 기준 is not a core A1 vocabulary word, its conceptual importance makes it a valuable addition to a beginner's passive vocabulary. By understanding that 기준 means a standard or a basis, A1 learners take a small but significant step toward comprehending the more complex evaluative language they will encounter in the future. This foundational knowledge will serve them well as they transition into the A2 and B1 levels, where active use of the word becomes necessary.
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As learners progress to the A2 level, their ability to construct sentences and understand everyday contexts expands significantly. At this stage, the word 기준 (gi-jun) transitions from a purely passive vocabulary item to one that learners can begin to use in simple, structured ways. A2 learners are focused on routine tasks, personal background, and immediate needs. In these contexts, 기준 can be introduced to help learners express basic preferences, rules, and comparisons. For instance, an A2 learner might use 기준 when talking about their criteria for choosing a restaurant or a piece of clothing. They can start using simple phrases like '내 기준' (my standard) or '학교 기준' (school standard). While they may not yet master complex grammatical structures like '-(으)로 기준으로', they can certainly understand and use basic subject-marker pairings like '기준이 높아요' (the standard is high) or '기준이 낮아요' (the standard is low). This allows them to express opinions about quality or difficulty in a straightforward manner. Furthermore, A2 learners will encounter 기준 more frequently in their reading and listening practice. They might read short texts about school rules or watch simple videos where people discuss their preferences. Recognizing 기준 in these contexts helps reinforce its meaning and demonstrates its practical utility. Teachers can facilitate this by incorporating activities where students must categorize items based on a simple 기준, such as sorting foods by healthiness or clothes by price. This hands-on application solidifies the concept of a standard or metric. It is also important at the A2 level to gently correct any confusion between 기준 and simpler words like 이유 (reason). Learners should be guided to understand that 기준 is about the 'measuring stick' rather than the 'why'. By the end of the A2 level, a learner should feel comfortable recognizing 기준 in everyday contexts and using it to make simple evaluative statements. This sets a strong foundation for the B1 level, where the grammatical complexity and abstract usage of the word will increase dramatically. The A2 stage is all about building confidence and practical application, and mastering the basic uses of 기준 is a key part of that process. It empowers learners to move beyond simple descriptions and begin expressing judgments and preferences with greater clarity.
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The B1 level is where the word 기준 (gi-jun) truly shines and becomes an indispensable part of a learner's active vocabulary. At this intermediate stage, learners are expected to handle a wide range of situations, express opinions, and understand the main points of clear standard input. 기준 perfectly aligns with these goals, as it is the core vocabulary needed to discuss evaluations, requirements, and comparisons in detail. B1 learners must master the essential grammatical structure '-(으)로 기준으로' (based on, using as a standard). This phrase is crucial for explaining decisions, understanding schedules, and discussing rules. For example, a B1 learner should confidently say, '한국 시간을 기준으로 내일 만나요' (Let's meet tomorrow based on Korean time). Furthermore, B1 learners need to actively use verbs commonly associated with 기준, such as 기준을 세우다 (to set a standard), 기준을 정하다 (to decide a standard), and 기준에 맞다 (to meet the standard). These collocations allow learners to participate in more complex conversations about work, education, and societal norms. In reading and listening, B1 learners will encounter 기준 in news summaries, opinion pieces, and everyday broadcasts. They must be able to quickly identify what the 기준 is in a given context to fully comprehend the message. This requires moving beyond literal translation and understanding the abstract concept of a metric or baseline. Teachers should challenge B1 students to articulate their own 기준 for various scenarios, such as their criteria for a good job, a successful project, or a healthy lifestyle. This encourages active production and deepens their understanding of the word's versatility. Additionally, B1 is the stage where learners must firmly distinguish between 기준 and similar words like 표준 (norm) and 조건 (condition). Misusing these terms can lead to misunderstandings, so clear differentiation is essential. By mastering 기준 at the B1 level, learners unlock the ability to engage in analytical and evaluative discourse, a critical step toward advanced proficiency. It transforms their Korean from simple narrative to structured argumentation and logical explanation. The mastery of 기준 is a clear indicator that a learner has successfully transitioned into the intermediate phase of their language journey.
At the B2 level, learners are expected to understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, and interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity. For a B2 learner, the word 기준 (gi-jun) is no longer just a vocabulary word to be learned; it is a conceptual tool to be wielded with precision. At this stage, learners should be completely comfortable with all the standard grammatical structures and collocations associated with 기준. They should effortlessly use phrases like '객관적인 기준' (objective standard) and '주관적인 기준' (subjective standard) to nuance their arguments. B2 learners will frequently encounter 기준 in professional and academic contexts. They must be able to read reports, understand debate criteria, and comprehend detailed instructions where 기준 dictates the outcome. In their own speaking and writing, B2 learners should use 기준 to structure complex comparisons and evaluations. For example, when writing an essay comparing two policies, they should explicitly state the 평가 기준 (evaluation criteria) they are using. This demonstrates a high level of logical organization and linguistic control. Furthermore, B2 learners should be aware of the subtle cultural implications of 기준 in Korean society, such as the strict 기준 applied to social etiquette, workplace hierarchy, and educational achievement. Understanding these unwritten standards is crucial for cultural fluency. Teachers should push B2 students to engage in debates and discussions where they must defend their own 기준 or critique the 기준 set by others. This requires rapid, spontaneous use of the word in high-pressure situations. Additionally, learners at this level should start noticing compound words or highly specific phrases involving 기준, such as 심사 기준 (screening criteria) or 선발 기준 (selection criteria). By the end of the B2 level, 기준 should be a fully integrated part of the learner's linguistic repertoire, used naturally and accurately to navigate complex social, professional, and academic environments. The ability to articulate and analyze standards is a hallmark of upper-intermediate proficiency, and mastery of 기준 is essential for achieving this milestone.
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The C1 level represents advanced proficiency, where learners can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. At this stage, the use of 기준 (gi-jun) becomes highly sophisticated and nuanced. C1 learners do not just use the word to state facts; they use it to construct complex arguments, analyze abstract concepts, and engage in high-level discourse. They are comfortable using 기준 in formal registers, such as academic papers, professional presentations, and formal debates. In these contexts, they employ advanced collocations like '기준을 충족시키다' (to satisfy the standard), '기준을 완화하다' (to relax the standard), or '기준을 강화하다' (to strengthen the standard). C1 learners can effortlessly comprehend dense texts, such as legal documents or economic analyses, where 기준 is used to define thresholds and parameters. They understand the subtle differences between phrases like '법적 기준' (legal standard) and '윤리적 기준' (ethical standard) and can discuss the tension between them. Furthermore, C1 learners use 기준 metaphorically and idiomatically. They can discuss the '이중 잣대' (double standard, though 잣대 is a synonym, the concept of 기준 is central) or debate the shifting '도덕적 기준' (moral standards) of modern society. Their use of the word is characterized by precision and appropriateness to the context. Teachers working with C1 students should focus on refining their use of 기준 in highly specific domains, such as specialized professional jargon or advanced academic writing. Students should be challenged to read and critique complex texts, identifying the underlying 기준 the author uses to make their arguments. At the C1 level, the mastery of 기준 is evident not just in grammatical accuracy, but in the ability to use the word to navigate and manipulate complex ideas. It is a tool for critical thinking and sophisticated communication, reflecting a deep understanding of both the Korean language and the societal structures it describes. The seamless integration of 기준 into a learner's advanced vocabulary is a testament to their high level of linguistic and cultural competence.
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At the C2 level, learners possess a near-native command of the language. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read and can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. For a C2 learner, the word 기준 (gi-jun) is utilized with absolute mastery, identical to how a highly educated native speaker would use it. At this pinnacle of proficiency, learners manipulate the concept of 기준 to engage in profound philosophical, societal, and technical discussions. They can deconstruct the very nature of standards, arguing about who sets the 기준, how the 기준 marginalizes certain groups, or how the 기준 must evolve in response to global changes. C2 learners seamlessly integrate 기준 into the most complex grammatical structures and rhetorical devices. They use it in subtle, implicit ways, understanding when a standard is being referenced even if the word itself is omitted. They are fully conversant in the specialized jargon of various fields—law, medicine, engineering, humanities—and know exactly how 기준 functions within each specific lexicon. Furthermore, C2 learners possess the sociolinguistic competence to adjust their use of 기준 perfectly to the register and audience. They can use it authoritatively in a boardroom, analytically in a research paper, or casually yet precisely in a deep intellectual conversation with friends. They are acutely aware of the historical and cultural evolution of certain 기준 in Korean society and can discuss these changes with nuance and insight. For a C2 learner, there are no 'mistakes' to correct regarding 기준; rather, the focus is on stylistic refinement and rhetorical power. They use the word not just to communicate, but to persuade, to analyze, and to lead discourse. The mastery of 기준 at the C2 level is a reflection of a complete and comprehensive internalization of the Korean language, demonstrating an ability to navigate the most complex evaluative and conceptual landscapes with elegance, precision, and profound understanding.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

기준 en 30 secondes

  • A standard or criterion used for judgment.
  • The basis upon which a decision is made.
  • A metric for evaluating quality or performance.
  • A foundational rule for comparison.
The Korean noun 기준 (gi-jun) is an absolutely fundamental vocabulary word that every learner must master to achieve a B1 level of proficiency and beyond. This word, which translates to 'standard,' 'criterion,' or 'basis,' is the cornerstone of evaluative language in Korean. When we talk about making decisions, judging quality, or establishing rules, 기준 is the word we reach for. Understanding its depth requires looking at its Hanja roots: 基 (기) meaning 'foundation' and 準 (준) meaning 'standard.' Together, they form a concept of a foundational metric. In everyday life, you will encounter this word in countless situations. For example, when you are shopping for a new smartphone, you might have a specific 기준 for the camera quality or battery life.

이것은 평가 기준입니다.

When a teacher is grading an essay, they use a 평가 기준 (evaluation standard) to ensure fairness. In the workplace, employees are often evaluated based on specific 업무 기준 (work standards). The versatility of this word is truly remarkable. It can be used with various verbs, such as 기준을 세우다 (to set a standard), 기준을 정하다 (to decide on a standard), and 기준에 맞다 (to meet the standard).
Core Meaning
A principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided.
Furthermore, it frequently pairs with the particle -(으)로 to form 기준으로, meaning 'based on' or 'as a standard.' For instance, '서울을 기준으로' means 'based on Seoul' or 'using Seoul as the standard.' This grammatical structure is incredibly common in news reports, weather forecasts, and statistical analyses.

나만의 기준을 세우다.

As you delve deeper into Korean culture, you will realize that the concept of 기준 is deeply tied to societal norms and expectations. There are strict 기준 for politeness, formal language (존댓말), and social hierarchy. Failing to meet these unwritten standards can lead to misunderstandings or social friction. Therefore, mastering the word 기준 is not just about vocabulary; it is about understanding the very fabric of Korean social interactions. Let's look at some common collocations to further enrich your understanding. 법적 기준 (legal standard) is used in legal and formal contexts. 객관적 기준 (objective standard) is crucial in scientific or academic discussions. 주관적 기준 (subjective standard) is often used when discussing personal preferences or opinions.

법적 기준을 준수하다.

By familiarizing yourself with these collocations, you will be able to express complex ideas with precision and nuance. In addition to its practical applications, 기준 also appears in various idiomatic expressions and proverbs, further highlighting its importance in the language.
Hanja Roots
基 (Foundation) + 準 (Standard)
When learning this word, it is helpful to create mental associations. Imagine a ruler or a measuring tape; that is your physical representation of a 기준. Every time you measure something, whether it is physical length or abstract quality, you are using a 기준. This mental image will help cement the word in your memory.

객관적인 기준이 필요해요.

As you progress to higher levels of Korean, you will encounter similar words like 표준 (standard/norm) and 조건 (condition). While they share similarities, 기준 specifically refers to the metric or basis for judgment. Differentiating between these nuances is a key milestone in language acquisition. In conclusion, the word 기준 is an indispensable tool for any Korean learner. Its wide range of applications, from the mundane to the profound, makes it a high-frequency word that you will use time and time again. Embrace this word, practice its various forms, and watch your Korean proficiency soar to new heights.
Key Takeaway
Mastering 기준 unlocks the ability to discuss evaluations and comparisons.
The journey to fluency is built upon mastering foundational words like 기준, which serve as the building blocks for complex and meaningful communication.

성공의 기준은 사람마다 다르다.

Using the word 기준 correctly involves understanding its grammatical pairings and common collocations. As a noun, it functions seamlessly with various particles and verbs to create nuanced expressions of measurement, evaluation, and comparison. One of the most frequent ways you will use 기준 is with the particle -(으)로, forming the phrase 기준으로. This translates to 'based on,' 'using [something] as a standard,' or 'as of [a certain time].' For example, if you want to say 'As of today, the rules have changed,' you would say '오늘을 기준으로 규칙이 변경되었습니다.'

오늘을 기준으로 변경됩니다.

This structure is incredibly versatile and is used constantly in news broadcasts, financial reports, and everyday scheduling. Another essential grammatical pattern is 기준에 맞다 (to meet the standard) and its negative counterpart 기준에 미치지 못하다 (to fall short of the standard).
Grammar Point
Noun + 을/를 기준으로 (Based on Noun)
When you are evaluating something, these phrases are indispensable. For instance, '이 제품은 품질 기준에 맞지 않습니다' means 'This product does not meet the quality standards.' Understanding these verb pairings allows you to express judgments clearly and professionally. Furthermore, you will often need to talk about establishing these standards in the first place. For this, we use verbs like 세우다 (to set up) or 정하다 (to decide).

새로운 기준을 세웠습니다.

'명확한 기준을 세우는 것이 중요합니다' translates to 'It is important to establish clear criteria.' This is a highly useful phrase in business meetings, academic discussions, or even when setting personal goals. It is also important to note how 기준 interacts with descriptive verbs (adjectives). You might hear 엄격한 기준 (strict standards), 높은 기준 (high standards), or 모호한 기준 (vague standards). These combinations help to qualify the nature of the standard being discussed.

매우 엄격한 기준을 적용하다.

For example, '그 회사는 채용 기준이 매우 높습니다' means 'That company has very high hiring standards.' When constructing sentences, remember that 기준 is the core metric. If you are comparing two things, you might say 'A를 기준으로 B를 평가하다' (to evaluate B based on A).
Collocation
기준을 충족하다 (To satisfy the standard)
This comparative structure is essential for analytical writing and speaking. In more advanced contexts, you might encounter compound words where 기준 is attached as a suffix, though it is less common than its standalone use. However, phrases like 판단 기준 (criterion for judgment) or 평가 기준 (evaluation criteria) act almost like compound nouns due to their high frequency.

판단 기준이 무엇입니까?

To truly master the usage of 기준, you must practice these patterns until they become second nature. Try writing journal entries where you evaluate a movie or a book, explicitly stating your 기준 for a good story. Or, simulate a business email where you outline the 기준 for a new project. By actively incorporating these structures into your output, you will move beyond mere recognition and develop a robust, active command of this crucial vocabulary word.
Advanced Usage
Using 기준 to discuss abstract moral or philosophical baselines.
The ability to articulate standards and criteria is a hallmark of an intermediate to advanced speaker, and mastering 기준 is the key to unlocking that ability.

도덕적 기준을 지키다.

The word 기준 is ubiquitous in Korean society, permeating almost every facet of daily life, professional environments, and media. Because South Korea is a highly structured society that places a strong emphasis on education, evaluation, and clear guidelines, the concept of a 'standard' or 'criterion' is constantly discussed. One of the most common places you will hear 기준 is in the educational system. From elementary school to university, students are acutely aware of 평가 기준 (evaluation criteria).

대학 입학 기준이 변경되었습니다.

Teachers explain the grading 기준 before every exam, and students often discuss whether a test was fair based on those 기준. In the context of university admissions or job hunting, 합격 기준 (passing criteria) becomes a phrase of immense importance and stress. Moving into the professional world, the workplace is another domain where 기준 reigns supreme.
Workplace Context
Used extensively in performance reviews and project guidelines.
Managers set 업무 기준 (work standards) for their teams, and employees are evaluated during performance reviews to see if they have met the 성과 기준 (performance standards). During meetings, you will frequently hear phrases like '이 프로젝트의 성공 기준은 무엇입니까?' (What is the success criterion for this project?).

업무 기준을 명확히 해주세요.

Furthermore, in industries like manufacturing or software development, 품질 기준 (quality standards) are rigorously enforced to ensure product safety and reliability. Beyond education and work, 기준 is a staple of news broadcasting and journalism. When reporters discuss economic data, they often use phrases like '작년 동기 기준으로' (based on the same period last year) to provide context for growth or decline. In legal and political news, discussions about 법적 기준 (legal standards) or 환경 기준 (environmental standards) are commonplace, especially when debating new regulations or policies.

작년 동기 기준으로 매출이 올랐다.

Even in casual, everyday conversations, 기준 finds its way into the dialogue. When friends are discussing dating, they might talk about their 이상형의 기준 (criteria for an ideal type). When shopping, a consumer might say '가성비를 기준으로 선택했어요' (I chose based on cost-effectiveness).
Everyday Context
Used when making personal choices, like shopping or dating.
The word is also prevalent in pop culture, appearing in song lyrics, drama dialogues, and variety show games where rules and standards must be established.

내 이상형의 기준은 착한 사람이야.

For language learners, this ubiquity is a massive advantage. It means that once you learn the word 기준, you will immediately start noticing it everywhere. You will hear it in the dramas you watch, read it in the articles you study, and need it in the conversations you have. This constant exposure provides ample opportunity for natural reinforcement and deepens your understanding of how the word functions in different registers and contexts.
Media Context
Frequently used in news, documentaries, and talk shows.
By paying attention to where and how 기준 is used in the wild, you will gain valuable insights into Korean culture's structured approach to evaluation and standard-setting.

게임의 승패 기준을 정합시다.

While 기준 is a highly useful word, it is also a frequent source of confusion for learners, primarily due to its overlap with other similar concepts in English. The most common mistake learners make is confusing 기준 (criterion/basis) with 표준 (standard/norm). While both can be translated as 'standard' in English, their usage in Korean is distinct. 표준 refers to a generalized, widely accepted norm or a model to be followed, such as 표준어 (standard language) or 표준 시간 (standard time).

이것은 기준이 아니라 표준입니다.

In contrast, 기준 is the specific metric, rule, or basis used for judging or measuring something in a particular context. For example, you use a 기준 to evaluate if something meets the 표준. Mixing these two up can lead to sentences that sound unnatural to native speakers. Another frequent error involves the incorrect use of particles.
Particle Error
Using 에 instead of 으로 when meaning 'based on'.
Learners often try to translate 'based on the standard' literally and might use 기준에 (at the standard) when they should use 기준으로 (by/with the standard). Saying '서울 기준에 시간이 달라요' is incorrect; it should be '서울 기준으로 시간이 달라요' (The time is different based on Seoul).

서울을 기준으로 계산하세요.

Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the verbs that pair with 기준. A common mistake is using 만들다 (to make) instead of 세우다 (to set/establish) when talking about creating a standard. While '기준을 만들다' is understandable, '기준을 세우다' or '기준을 마련하다' sounds much more natural and professional. Another area of confusion is distinguishing between 기준 and 조건 (condition). A 조건 is a requirement that must be met for something to happen (e.g., a condition for a contract), whereas a 기준 is the scale or metric by which something is evaluated.

그것은 조건이지 기준이 아닙니다.

For example, having a university degree might be a 조건 (condition) for applying for a job, but the applicant's GPA would be evaluated against a 기준 (standard). Learners also sometimes overuse 기준 when a simpler word like 이유 (reason) or 원인 (cause) would be more appropriate.
Vocabulary Confusion
Confusing 기준 (basis) with 이유 (reason).
If you are explaining why you did something, you are giving an 이유, not a 기준. You only use 기준 if you are explaining the metric or rule that guided your decision.

선택의 기준이 무엇인가요?

To avoid these mistakes, it is crucial to study 기준 in context rather than in isolation. Pay close attention to the verbs and particles that surround it in native texts. When in doubt, ask yourself: 'Am I talking about a general norm (표준), a prerequisite (조건), a reason (이유), or a specific metric for evaluation (기준)?'
Self-Correction
Always verify if you mean a metric for judgment before using 기준.
By actively monitoring your usage and correcting these common pitfalls, you will significantly improve the accuracy and naturalness of your Korean.

정확한 기준을 사용하는 것이 중요합니다.

To build a truly robust Korean vocabulary, it is essential to understand not just the target word, but its synonyms and related terms. The semantic field surrounding 기준 is rich with words that express various nuances of standards, norms, and measurements. The most prominent related word is 표준 (pyo-jun), which translates to 'standard' or 'norm.' As discussed previously, while 기준 is the metric for judgment, 표준 is the idealized model or the widely accepted average.

이것은 국제 기준에 부합합니다.

For example, 표준 체중 (standard weight) refers to the average, healthy weight for a demographic, while you might use a specific BMI 기준 (BMI standard) to determine if someone falls into that category. Another important word is 규범 (gyu-beom), which means 'norm' or 'standard of behavior.'
Synonym: 표준
Standard, norm, average model.
규범 is almost exclusively used in sociological, ethical, or legal contexts to describe the rules that govern society, such as 사회적 규범 (social norms) or 도덕 규범 (moral norms). While a 규범 dictates how one *should* act, a 기준 is the tool used to measure if they *did* act accordingly.

사회적 기준이 변화하고 있다.

We also have the word 척도 (cheok-do), which translates to 'measure,' 'scale,' or 'yardstick.' 척도 is often used metaphorically to describe a standard of measurement for abstract concepts. For instance, '돈이 성공의 척도는 아니다' (Money is not the measure of success). In many contexts, 척도 and 기준 can be used interchangeably, but 척도 carries a slightly more formal or academic tone. Another related concept is 수준 (su-jun), meaning 'level' or 'standard of quality.'

생활 기준이 높아졌습니다.

If you say '생활 수준' (standard of living), you are talking about the level of wealth and comfort. If you say '생활 기준', you might be talking about the baseline requirements someone has for their living situation.
Synonym: 척도
Yardstick, scale, measure.
Furthermore, the word 조건 (jo-geon), meaning 'condition' or 'requirement,' often appears in similar contexts. As noted earlier, a 조건 is a prerequisite, while a 기준 is an evaluative metric.

합격 기준과 조건을 확인하세요.

Finally, we have 원칙 (won-chik), which means 'principle' or 'fundamental rule.' A 원칙 is a foundational belief or rule that guides behavior, whereas a 기준 is the practical application of that principle for the purpose of measurement or judgment. By understanding the subtle distinctions between 기준, 표준, 규범, 척도, 수준, 조건, and 원칙, you elevate your Korean from merely functional to highly precise and articulate.
Synonym: 원칙
Principle, fundamental rule.
This nuanced vocabulary allows you to navigate complex discussions, academic texts, and professional environments with confidence and clarity, demonstrating a deep mastery of the language.

자신만의 기준과 원칙을 가지세요.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Noun + (으)로 (Method/Basis)

Noun + 에 맞다 (To fit/suit)

Adjective + (으)ㄴ Noun (Noun modification)

Verb + 기 위한 (For the purpose of)

Noun + 마다 (Every/Each)

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Exemples par niveau

1

이것이 기준입니다.

This is the standard.

Noun + 입니다 (formal 'to be').

2

기준이 뭐예요?

What is the standard?

Noun + 이/가 (subject particle).

3

내 기준은 달라요.

My standard is different.

은/는 (topic particle) + 다르다 (to be different).

4

기준이 높아요.

The standard is high.

높다 (to be high) used with 기준.

5

기준이 낮아요.

The standard is low.

낮다 (to be low) used with 기준.

6

좋은 기준이에요.

It is a good standard.

좋은 (good) modifying 기준.

7

기준을 보세요.

Look at the standard.

을/를 (object particle) + 보다 (to see).

8

새 기준입니다.

It is a new standard.

새 (new) modifying 기준.

1

평가 기준이 무엇입니까?

What are the evaluation criteria?

Compound noun 평가 기준.

2

나만의 기준이 있어요.

I have my own standards.

나만의 (my own) + 기준.

3

그 식당은 내 기준에 안 맞아요.

That restaurant doesn't meet my standards.

기준에 맞다 (to meet the standard) in negative form.

4

합격 기준을 알려주세요.

Please tell me the passing criteria.

합격 (passing) + 기준.

5

시간을 기준으로 계산해요.

Calculate it based on time.

을/를 기준으로 (based on).

6

기준을 정합시다.

Let's set a standard.

정하다 (to decide/set) with propositive ending -ㅂ시다.

7

이 옷은 가격 기준이 비싸요.

Based on price, these clothes are expensive.

가격 (price) + 기준.

8

명확한 기준이 필요해요.

We need clear standards.

명확한 (clear) modifying 기준.

1

오늘을 기준으로 규칙이 바뀝니다.

As of today, the rules change.

을/를 기준으로 used for time.

2

회사에서 새로운 업무 기준을 세웠어요.

The company established new work standards.

기준을 세우다 (to establish a standard).

3

그 제품은 안전 기준을 통과하지 못했습니다.

That product failed to pass the safety standards.

안전 기준 (safety standard) + 통과하다 (to pass).

4

사람마다 행복의 기준이 다릅니다.

Everyone has a different standard for happiness.

Noun + 마다 (every/each) + 기준이 다르다.

5

객관적인 판단 기준이 마련되어야 합니다.

Objective judgment criteria must be prepared.

객관적인 (objective) + 마련되다 (to be prepared).

6

서울을 기준으로 거리를 측정했습니다.

The distance was measured based on Seoul.

측정하다 (to measure) used with 기준으로.

7

이 서류는 심사 기준에 부합합니다.

This document meets the screening criteria.

기준에 부합하다 (to conform to the standard).

8

채용 기준이 작년보다 엄격해졌어요.

The hiring criteria have become stricter than last year.

엄격해지다 (to become strict).

1

국제 기준에 맞추어 시스템을 개편할 예정입니다.

We plan to reorganize the system to meet international standards.

기준에 맞추다 (to align with a standard).

2

법적 기준을 위반할 경우 처벌을 받을 수 있습니다.

If you violate legal standards, you may be punished.

위반하다 (to violate) + 법적 기준.

3

그의 행동은 도덕적 기준에서 벗어났다는 비판을 받았습니다.

His actions were criticized for deviating from moral standards.

기준에서 벗어나다 (to deviate from a standard).

4

환경 보호를 위한 새로운 배출 기준이 도입되었습니다.

New emission standards for environmental protection have been introduced.

배출 기준 (emission standard) + 도입되다 (to be introduced).

5

선발 기준의 공정성에 대한 논란이 일고 있습니다.

Controversy is arising over the fairness of the selection criteria.

공정성 (fairness) + 논란 (controversy).

6

매출액을 기준으로 기업의 순위를 매겼습니다.

The companies were ranked based on their sales revenue.

순위를 매기다 (to rank) used with 기준으로.

7

주관적인 기준을 배제하고 객관적인 데이터만 사용하세요.

Exclude subjective criteria and use only objective data.

배제하다 (to exclude) + 주관적인 기준.

8

이 정책은 서민들의 생활 수준을 기준으로 마련되었습니다.

This policy was prepared based on the living standards of ordinary people.

생활 수준 (living standard) used as a 기준.

1

해당 규제는 모호한 기준 탓에 실효성에 의문이 제기되고 있다.

The regulation's effectiveness is being questioned due to its vague standards.

모호한 (vague) + 탓에 (due to).

2

시대적 흐름에 따라 전통적인 가치 판단의 기준도 재정립되어야 한다.

According to the trends of the times, traditional criteria for value judgment must also be re-established.

재정립되다 (to be re-established).

3

이중 잣대라는 비판을 피하기 위해서는 일관된 기준 적용이 필수적이다.

To avoid criticism of a double standard, consistent application of standards is essential.

일관된 (consistent) + 적용 (application).

4

최저임금 산정 기준을 둘러싸고 노사 간의 팽팽한 줄다리기가 이어졌다.

A tense tug-of-war continued between labor and management over the criteria for calculating the minimum wage.

산정 기준 (calculation criteria) + 둘러싸고 (surrounding).

5

학문적 엄밀성을 담보하기 위한 엄격한 심사 기준이 요구된다.

Strict review criteria are required to guarantee academic rigor.

엄밀성 (rigor) + 담보하다 (to guarantee).

6

양적 완화 정책의 출구 전략은 물가 상승률을 기준으로 가동될 것이다.

The exit strategy for the quantitative easing policy will be activated based on the inflation rate.

가동되다 (to be activated) + 기준으로.

7

다양성이 존중받는 사회에서는 획일적인 잣대나 기준을 강요해서는 안 된다.

In a society where diversity is respected, uniform yardsticks or standards should not be forced.

획일적인 (uniform) + 강요하다 (to force).

8

기업의 ESG 경영 성과를 평가하는 글로벌 표준 기준이 속속 도입되고 있다.

Global standard criteria for evaluating companies' ESG management performance are being introduced one after another.

표준 기준 (standard criteria) + 속속 (one after another).

1

인공지능의 윤리적 판단 기준을 알고리즘에 어떻게 구현할 것인가는 현대 기술 철학의 난제이다.

How to implement ethical judgment criteria for AI into algorithms is a difficult problem in modern philosophy of technology.

구현하다 (to implement) + 난제 (difficult problem).

2

기존의 패러다임이 붕괴하는 변혁기에는 무엇을 정상성의 기준으로 삼을 것인지에 대한 근본적인 성찰이 요구된다.

In a period of transformation where existing paradigms collapse, fundamental reflection on what to consider the standard of normality is required.

정상성 (normality) + 삼다 (to consider as).

3

해당 판결은 헌법재판소가 제시한 비례의 원칙이라는 엄격한 심사 기준을 통과하지 못해 위헌으로 결정되었다.

The ruling was decided unconstitutional because it failed to pass the strict review standard of the principle of proportionality presented by the Constitutional Court.

비례의 원칙 (principle of proportionality) + 위헌 (unconstitutional).

4

예술 작품의 가치를 자본주의적 시장 논리라는 단일한 기준으로 재단하는 것은 문화적 빈곤을 초래할 뿐이다.

Judging the value of an artwork by the single standard of capitalist market logic only brings about cultural poverty.

재단하다 (to judge/cut) + 초래하다 (to bring about).

5

포스트모더니즘은 절대적 진리라는 보편적 기준의 해체를 선언하며 다원주의적 가치관을 옹호했다.

Postmodernism declared the deconstruction of the universal standard of absolute truth and advocated pluralistic values.

해체 (deconstruction) + 옹호하다 (to advocate).

6

통계적 유의성이라는 척도만으로는 복잡계 현상의 인과관계를 규명하는 데 명백한 한계가 존재하므로 다각적인 분석 기준이 병행되어야 한다.

Since there is a clear limit to investigating the causal relationship of complex system phenomena using only the measure of statistical significance, multifaceted analysis criteria must be run in parallel.

규명하다 (to investigate) + 병행되다 (to be run in parallel).

7

국제사회의 제재 조치는 인권 유린이라는 보편적 규범의 위반 여부를 핵심 기준으로 삼아 발동되어야 정당성을 획득할 수 있다.

Sanctions by the international community can acquire legitimacy only when they are invoked with the violation of the universal norm of human rights abuses as the core criterion.

발동되다 (to be invoked) + 정당성 (legitimacy).

8

생명 윤리의 경계가 모호해지는 첨단 생명공학 시대에는 인간 존엄성을 수호하기 위한 최후의 보루로서 확고한 법적, 윤리적 가이드라인과 그에 따른 세밀한 판단 기준이 시급히 마련되어야 한다.

In the era of advanced biotechnology where the boundaries of bioethics become vague, firm legal and ethical guidelines and detailed judgment criteria based on them must be urgently prepared as the last bastion to protect human dignity.

최후의 보루 (last bastion) + 시급히 (urgently).

Antonymes

예외

Collocations courantes

기준을 세우다
기준을 정하다
기준에 맞다
기준을 충족하다
기준에 미치지 못하다
법적 기준
평가 기준
객관적 기준
주관적 기준
엄격한 기준

Phrases Courantes

~을/를 기준으로
내 기준으로는
기준이 높다
기준이 낮다
기준을 마련하다
기준을 적용하다
기준을 통과하다
기준을 초과하다
기준이 모호하다
기준이 명확하다

Souvent confondu avec

기준 vs 표준 (Standard/Norm - general model vs. specific metric)

기준 vs 조건 (Condition - prerequisite vs. evaluative metric)

기준 vs 기본 (Basic/Foundation - starting point vs. measuring stick)

Expressions idiomatiques

"이중 잣대 (Double standard - conceptually related)"
"기준을 벗어나다"
"기준을 밑돌다"
"기준을 웃돌다"
"자기만의 기준"
"세상의 기준"
"성공의 기준"
"미의 기준"
"판단 기준이 흐려지다"
"절대적 기준"

Facile à confondre

기준 vs

기준 vs

기준 vs

기준 vs

기준 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Implies a measurable or definable metric, unlike vague preferences.

formality

Can be used in both highly formal and casual contexts.

frequency

Extremely high frequency in news, business, and education.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 기준 (metric) when you mean 표준 (norm/average).
  • Saying 기준에 (at the standard) instead of 기준으로 (based on the standard).
  • Using 기준을 만들다 (make a standard) instead of the more natural 기준을 세우다 (establish a standard).
  • Confusing 기준 (basis/criteria) with 이유 (reason/cause).
  • Confusing 기준 (evaluative metric) with 조건 (prerequisite condition).

Astuces

Master 기준으로

Practice using '을/를 기준으로' with various nouns like time, location, and price. This is the most powerful grammatical structure associated with this word. It instantly makes your Korean sound more advanced. Try writing five sentences using this pattern today.

Learn the Collocations

Don't just memorize '기준 = standard'. Memorize '기준을 세우다' (set a standard) and '기준에 맞다' (meet a standard). Words are rarely used in isolation in Korean. Learning chunks will improve your speaking speed.

기준 vs 표준

Always remember: 기준 is the tool for measuring, 표준 is the goal or average. If you are grading a test, you use a 기준. If you are talking about standard Korean language, it is 표준어. Keep these distinct in your mind.

Watch the News

Korean news anchors use the word 기준 constantly, especially in economic and weather reports. Listen for phrases like '어제 기준으로' (as of yesterday). This will train your ear to catch the word in fast, natural speech.

Expressing Opinions

Use '내 기준에는...' when you want to soften an opinion. Instead of saying 'That movie is bad', say '내 기준에는 그 영화 별로였어' (By my standards, that movie wasn't great). It sounds more natural and polite.

Academic Writing

If you are taking the TOPIK II writing section, using 기준 correctly will boost your score. Use phrases like '객관적인 평가 기준' (objective evaluation criteria) to show advanced vocabulary control. It demonstrates logical structuring.

Societal Standards

Be aware that discussing '사회적 기준' (social standards) is a common topic in Korea. Koreans often discuss the pressure of meeting these standards. Using this word shows you understand the cultural context.

Visualize a Ruler

Whenever you learn a new phrase with 기준, visualize a physical ruler or measuring tape. This mental image helps solidify the concept of a 'metric' rather than just an abstract rule. Visual associations are powerful memory aids.

Avoid '기준에' for 'Based on'

Do not say '서울 기준에'. Always use the instrumental particle '으로' to say '서울을 기준으로'. This is a very common mistake for English speakers translating directly. Fix this early on.

Explore Related Words

Once you master 기준, immediately learn 척도 (measure) and 조건 (condition). Building a web of related vocabulary is faster than learning words in isolation. It helps you understand the subtle boundaries of each word's meaning.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'GI' (soldier) in 'JUN'e standing perfectly straight, setting the STANDARD for the troops.

Origine du mot

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

Constantly used by teachers and professors.

Essential vocabulary for any professional setting in Korea.

Using 기준 accurately shows a high level of education and logical thinking.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"좋은 친구의 기준이 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"

"회사에서 가장 중요한 평가 기준은 무엇입니까?"

"성공의 기준은 사람마다 어떻게 다를까요?"

"물건을 살 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 기준이 뭐예요?"

"한국어 실력을 평가하는 기준이 무엇이라고 생각합니까?"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about your personal 기준 for a successful day.

Describe the 채용 기준 (hiring criteria) for your dream job.

Discuss how the 사회적 기준 (social standards) in your country differ from Korea.

Explain a time when you failed to meet a certain 기준 and what you learned.

Write an essay on why objective 기준 are important in education.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

표준 refers to a general norm or an idealized model that is widely accepted. 기준 is the specific metric or rule used to measure or judge something. You use a 기준 to see if something meets the 표준. For example, standard time is 표준시, but the criteria for grading is 평가 기준. They are related but not interchangeable.

You use the structure '[Noun]을/를 기준으로'. For example, '서울을 기준으로' means 'based on Seoul'. This is the most common and natural way to express this concept in Korean. It is heavily used in news and formal reports.

Yes, absolutely. You can say '내 기준으로는' which means 'by my standards' or 'in my opinion'. It shows that you are evaluating something based on your own personal metric. It is a great way to express a subjective view politely.

To set a standard, use 기준을 세우다 or 기준을 정하다. To meet a standard, use 기준에 맞다 or 기준을 충족하다. To fail a standard, use 기준에 미치지 못하다. Memorizing these verb pairings is crucial for fluency.

It is used in both formal and informal contexts. In a legal document, you will see 법적 기준 (legal standard). In a casual chat with friends, you might hear 이상형 기준 (criteria for an ideal type). Its versatility makes it a core vocabulary word.

It literally means 'the standard is high'. It is used to describe someone who is very picky or has high expectations. For example, if someone is hard to please when dating, you can say '눈이 높다' or '기준이 높다'.

It is often used to establish a timeline or deadline. For example, '오늘을 기준으로' means 'as of today' or 'starting from today'. It sets the baseline for when a rule or measurement begins.

No, they are different. 이유 is the 'why' you did something. 기준 is the 'measuring stick' you used to make the decision. If you chose a car because it was cheap, the 이유 is 'it is cheap', but your 기준 was 'price'.

The Hanja is 基準. 基 (기) means foundation or base. 準 (준) means standard or rule. Together, they form the concept of a foundational standard. Knowing the Hanja helps connect it to words like 기본 (basic) and 준비 (preparation).

The most common idiom is 이중 잣대. 잣대 is a native Korean word for a measuring stick, used metaphorically like 기준. You can say '이중 잣대를 들이대다' which means 'to apply a double standard'.

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