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A2 noun 10 min de lecture

요약문

yoyakmun
Exemples 요약문 en 30 secondes
Explication 요약문 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of **요약문 (yoyakmun)** as a 'short story' or 'short writing' that tells you the most important things about a book or a lesson. Imagine you read a long book about a cat. If you write only three sentences about what the cat did, those sentences are a **요약문**. In your Korean studies, you might see a small box at the top of a page that says '요약'. This is to help you understand the main idea quickly. You don't need to write long, difficult sentences yet. Just remember: **요약** means 'short version' and **문** means 'writing'. Together, they mean a 'short writing' of a big story. You can use it like this: '이 책의 요약문을 읽어요' (I read the summary of this book). It is very helpful when you want to learn something fast without reading every single word.
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At the A2 level, **요약문** is a word you will use when talking about school assignments or reading news. It means a 'summary text.' You are now learning to identify the 'main idea' (주제) of a paragraph. When you write down that main idea in a few sentences, you are creating a **요약문**. You will often see this word in your Korean textbooks. For example, a question might ask: '글의 요약문으로 알맞은 것을 고르세요' (Choose the appropriate summary text for the passage). This is a common task in the TOPIK I exam. You should know that a **요약문** is different from a 'list of facts.' It should be a smooth, connected text. When you use this word, you are usually talking about non-fiction things like a report, a news article, or a textbook chapter. If you are talking about a movie or a story, you should use the word '줄거리' (plot) instead.
As a B1 learner, you should understand **요약문** as a formal tool for synthesizing information. It is no longer just a 'short version' but a structured 'abstract' or 'summary' that requires objective language. At this level, you are expected to produce your own **요약문** for longer texts. You should be able to identify the difference between the 'supporting details' and the 'core message.' When writing a **요약문**, you should use formal endings like '-습니다' or the plain style '-다'. You will encounter this word frequently in business contexts (like a '회의 요약문' - meeting summary) and in more advanced reading materials. It is important to remember that a **요약문** should not contain your personal feelings (like 'I liked this book'); it should only reflect what the original author wrote. You might also start to see related words like '요지' (the gist) and '핵심' (the core), which are often used alongside **요약문** to describe the content of the summary.
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At the B2 level, **요약문** becomes a technical term used in academic and professional writing. You should be comfortable with the Hanja roots: 要 (essential/important) and 約 (to shorten/promise). A **요약문** at this level is often a high-stakes document, such as an 'executive summary' for a proposal or a 'summary' section of a research paper. You need to focus on 'conciseness' (간결성) and 'accuracy' (정확성). You will often be tested on your ability to transform a complex 1,000-word passage into a 200-word **요약문** while maintaining the logical flow of the original. You should also be aware of the register: **요약문** is almost always formal. If you are summarizing a legal document or a scientific paper, the **요약문** must use specific terminology (전문 용어) relevant to that field. You will also hear this word in the context of 'AI 요약' where software generates a summary text for you. You should be able to critique whether such a **요약문** captures the nuances of the original text.
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For C1 learners, **요약문** is a foundational element of discourse analysis and professional communication. You are expected to master the 'art of condensation.' A **요약문** at this level is not just a shorter version of a text; it is a strategic re-presentation of information tailored for a specific audience. For example, a **요약문** of a medical study written for doctors will look very different from one written for the general public. You should be able to use advanced verbs like '축약하다' (to abridge), '압축하다' (to compress), and '개괄하다' (to outline/summarize generally) when discussing the process of creating a **요약문**. You will encounter this term in high-level academic settings, where the '국문 요약' (Korean abstract) of a dissertation must meet strict stylistic guidelines. You should also understand the subtle differences between a **요약문**, a '초록' (abstract), and a '제언' (suggestions/summary of proposals), and be able to navigate these in a professional Korean environment.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of **요약문** and its role in the Korean linguistic ecosystem. You understand that a **요약문** is a reflection of the writer's ability to prioritize information—a key cognitive skill in Korean culture. You can analyze how different rhetorical strategies (such as inductive vs. deductive reasoning) affect the structure of a **요약문**. You are familiar with the historical evolution of the term and its Hanja origins, and you can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as legal 'briefs' or high-level governmental policy summaries. You might even explore the philosophical implications of summarization: what is lost and what is gained when a text is transformed into a **요약문**. Your usage of the word is flawless, and you can switch between synonyms like '초록', '요지', '개요', and '집약' with perfect precision, depending on the subtle nuances of the context. You are also capable of editing others' **요약문** to ensure they meet the highest standards of '비문' (non-awkward phrasing) and logical consistency.
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Exemples

요약문 en 30 secondes

  • 요약문 is a formal noun meaning 'summary text' or 'abstract,' used to describe a condensed version of a longer piece of writing.
  • It is composed of '요약' (summary) and '문' (text), making it specifically refer to the written form of a summary.
  • The word is commonly found in academic settings, business reports, and news media to provide quick overviews of complex information.
  • Unlike '줄거리' (plot), which is for fiction, 요약문 is used for non-fiction, analytical, and professional documents.

The Korean word 요약문 (yoyakmun) is a compound noun that translates directly to 'summary text' or 'abstract.' To understand its usage, we must first look at its constituent parts: 요약 (yoyak), meaning 'summary' or 'summarization,' and 문 (mun), which refers to a 'sentence,' 'text,' or 'writing.' When combined, they describe a specific piece of writing that distills a larger body of work into its most essential points. This word is ubiquitous in academic, professional, and everyday educational contexts in South Korea.

Academic Context
In schools and universities, students are frequently asked to write a 요약문 for books, research papers, or lectures. It is a fundamental skill tested in the Korean CSAT (Suneung) and the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean). A good 요약문 must capture the thesis, supporting arguments, and conclusion without including the author's personal opinion.
Professional Context
In the business world, a 요약문 is often referred to as an 'Executive Summary.' Busy managers and executives rely on these brief texts to understand the core of a 50-page report in just a few minutes. It serves as a gatekeeper for information, determining whether the full document warrants further reading.
News and Media
Digital news platforms often provide a '3-line 요약문' at the top of long investigative articles. This caters to the fast-paced 'Pali-Pali' (hurry-hurry) culture of Korea, allowing readers to grasp the news while commuting on the subway.

교수님께서 논문의 요약문을 제출하라고 하셨어요. (The professor asked us to submit a summary text of the thesis.)

Understanding the nuance of 요약문 requires distinguishing it from '줄거리' (julgeori), which refers to the plot of a story. While a '줄거리' is used for movies and novels, a 요약문 is more formal and analytical, typically used for non-fiction, academic articles, or business proposals. It is the objective condensation of facts and logic. Furthermore, the term implies a written format. If you are summarizing something orally, you would simply use the verb '요약하다' (to summarize) rather than the noun 요약문.

기사 하단에 있는 요약문만 읽어도 내용을 다 알 수 있어요. (You can understand everything just by reading the summary text at the bottom of the article.)

Structure of a 요약문
A standard 요약문 follows a 'Introduction-Body-Conclusion' structure in miniature. It identifies the subject, the main argument, and the final result. In Korean writing exams, there is often a word limit (e.g., 200 characters), which forces the writer to choose their vocabulary very carefully, prioritizing high-level Hanja-based words over descriptive native Korean adjectives.

보고서의 요약문이 너무 길면 아무도 안 읽을 거예요. (If the summary text of the report is too long, no one will read it.)

In conclusion, 요약문 is not just a 'summary' in a general sense, but a formal 'textual summary.' It is a tool for efficiency, academic rigor, and professional communication. Whether you are a student preparing for the TOPIK or a professional working in a Korean office, mastering the concept of the 요약문 is essential for navigating Korean informational landscapes.

Using 요약문 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and the verbs it typically pairs with. Since it refers to a physical or digital 'text,' it often acts as the object of a sentence. The most common verb pairings are 작성하다 (to write/compose), 읽다 (to read), 제출하다 (to submit), and 완성하다 (to complete).

As a Direct Object
The most straightforward usage is using the object particle 을/를. For example, '요약문을 쓰다' (to write a summary). In formal settings, '작성하다' is preferred over '쓰다'.
Example: '회의록의 요약문을 작성해 주세요.' (Please write a summary of the meeting minutes.)
With Possessive Particles
You often need to specify what the summary is *of*. This uses the particle 의 (ui).
Example: '이 책의 요약문은 아주 짧아요.' (The summary of this book is very short.)

시험 문제로 지문의 요약문을 완성하는 문제가 나왔어요. (A question appeared on the exam asking to complete a summary text of the passage.)

Another important aspect is the level of formality. Because 요약문 is a Hanja-based word (abstract and formal), it is rarely used in very casual speech unless referring to a specific school assignment. In a casual setting, one might say '짧게 줄인 것' (the short version) instead. However, in any setting involving a document, 요약문 is the standard term.

발표 자료 앞에 요약문을 넣으면 청중이 이해하기 쉬워요. (If you put a summary text at the front of the presentation materials, it's easy for the audience to understand.)

Common Adjectives used with 요약문
1. 간결한 (Concise): '간결한 요약문' (A concise summary).
2. 명확한 (Clear): '명확한 요약문' (A clear summary).
3. 부족한 (Insufficient): '내용이 부족한 요약문' (A summary with insufficient content).
4. 완벽한 (Perfect): '완벽한 요약문' (A perfect summary).

Finally, consider the context of 'location.' If the summary is *in* a book or *on* a website, use the particle 에 or 에서. '웹사이트에 요약문이 게시되었습니다' (The summary was posted on the website). By mastering these particles and common verb pairings, you can use 요약문 naturally in any professional or academic setting.

You will encounter 요약문 in several specific environments in Korea. It is not a word usually shouted across a playground, but rather one discussed in quiet libraries, office cubicles, and newsrooms. Understanding these 'habitats' will help you recognize the word instantly when you hear it.

In the Classroom (Hagwon and School)
Korean education places a heavy emphasis on reading comprehension. Teachers will often say, "이 문단의 요약문을 써 보세요" (Try writing a summary of this paragraph). This is a standard exercise to prepare for the 'Summary' question type in the Suneung (CSAT) English and Korean sections.
Academic Journals and Libraries
When searching for papers on databases like RISS or KISS (Korean academic search engines), the 'Abstract' section is always labeled as 국문 요약 (Korean Summary) or 요약문. Researchers skim these to decide if a paper is worth citing.

뉴스를 보니까 사건의 요약문이 화면에 나오더라고요. (I was watching the news, and a summary of the incident appeared on the screen.)

In the digital age, '요약문' has found a new home in AI technology. With the rise of ChatGPT and Naver's HyperCLOVA X, many Koreans use these tools to '요약문 생성' (generate a summary). You might hear a colleague say, "AI로 요약문을 만들어서 보내드릴게요" (I'll make a summary with AI and send it to you). This reflects the modern shift toward automated information processing.

이 논문의 요약문을 읽어보니 연구 목적이 분명하네요. (After reading the summary of this thesis, the research purpose is clear.)

In Government and Policy
Government press releases (보도자료) almost always start with a 요약문. This allows journalists to quickly extract the 'headline' facts for their reporting. If you work in public relations or law in Korea, you will be dealing with 요약문 daily.

Lastly, you might hear this word in the context of 'Book Summaries' on YouTube or apps like 'Millie's Library.' These services provide a 요약문 (often called a '요약 노트') for bestsellers so that people can 'read' a book in 10 minutes. This highlights how 요약문 serves as a bridge between massive amounts of data and the human need for quick comprehension.

While 요약문 seems straightforward, learners of Korean often make specific errors in its application, synonym choice, and grammatical construction. Awareness of these pitfalls will make your Korean sound more professional and natural.

Mistake 1: Confusing 요약문 with 줄거리
This is the most frequent error. '줄거리' (julgeori) is for stories, movies, and novels (the plot). '요약문' is for non-fiction, reports, and academic texts. If you ask for the '요약문' of a Marvel movie, it sounds like you want a formal analysis. Use '줄거리' for entertainment and '요약문' for information.
Mistake 2: Redundancy (요약하는 요약문)
Learners sometimes say '요약하는 요약문' (a summarizing summary text). Since '요약' already means 'to summarize,' this is redundant. Instead, use adjectives like '간결한 요약문' (concise summary) or '정확한 요약문' (accurate summary).

❌ 영화의 요약문이 뭐예요? (What is the summary text of the movie?) - Sounds too formal.
✅ 영화의 줄거리가 뭐예요? (What is the plot of the movie?)

Another common issue is the misuse of the word '개요' (gaeyo - outline). An outline is written *before* the main text to plan the structure. A 요약문 is written *after* the main text to summarize what was written. Mixing these up in a business setting can lead to confusion about whether you are proposing a plan or reporting on a completed project.

❌ 이 글을 요약문 하세요. (Please summary text this article.) - Ungrammatical.
✅ 이 글을 요약해 주세요. (Please summarize this article.) - Use the verb 요약하다.

Mistake 3: Over-complicating the Language
Because 요약문 is a formal word, students often feel they must use extremely difficult grammar. However, the purpose of a 요약문 is clarity. Using overly complex sentence structures like '-음에도 불구하고' or '-ㄴ/은 바와 같이' excessively can defeat the purpose of the summary. Stick to clear, declarative sentences.

Finally, watch out for the spelling. Beginners sometimes confuse it with '예약문' (reservation text/sentence), which is not a common word but looks similar. Always double-check the '요' (yo) in 요약 (summary) vs. '예' (ye) in 예약 (reservation).

Korean has a rich set of words for 'summaries' depending on the length, purpose, and formality of the text. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the precise word for your situation.

요약 (Yoyak) vs. 요약문 (Yoyakmun)
요약 is the abstract concept of 'summarization' or the act of summarizing. 요약문 is the actual physical or digital text that results from that act. You 'do' 요약, but you 'write' a 요약문.
초록 (Chorok) - The Academic Abstract
Used specifically in scientific and academic journals. While a 요약문 can be for anything, a 초록 is the formal abstract at the beginning of a thesis. It usually follows a very strict format (Background, Method, Result, Conclusion).
Example: '논문의 국문 초록을 작성했습니다.'
요지 (Yoji) - The Gist or Main Point
'요지' refers to the core message or the 'point' of an argument. It's often shorter than a 요약문. If a 요약문 is 5 sentences, the 요지 is 1 sentence.
Example: '말씀하신 것의 요지가 무엇입니까?' (What is the gist of what you are saying?)

회의의 핵심 내용을 담은 요약본을 배포하겠습니다. (I will distribute the summary version containing the core contents of the meeting.)

Another common alternative is '요약본' (yoyakbon). The suffix '-본' (bon) refers to a 'version' or 'copy.' While 요약문 is the text itself, 요약본 often refers to a separate document or a printed version of the summary. For example, a '요약본' might be a 5-page booklet summarizing a 500-page book.

본문의 핵심 요약을 통해 시간을 절약하세요. (Save time through the core summary of the text.)

축약본 (Chugyakbon) - Abridged Version
This word is used for 'abridged' versions of books or long documents. It keeps the original structure but removes the 'fluff.' This is more comprehensive than a 요약문.

In professional settings, you might also hear 'Executive Summary' used directly in English (often written in Hangeul as 엑제큐티브 서머리), especially in multinational corporations. However, 요약문 remains the most versatile and widely understood term across all age groups and industries.

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Exemples par niveau

1

이 책의 요약문을 읽어요.

I read the summary of this book.

Object particle '을' is used after 요약문.

2

요약문이 아주 짧아요.

The summary text is very short.

Subject particle '이' is used.

3

선생님이 요약문을 주셨어요.

The teacher gave me a summary text.

Honorific verb '주셨어요' is used.

4

요약문을 써 보세요.

Please try writing a summary text.

-어 보세요 means 'try doing'.

5

여기에 요약문이 있어요.

There is a summary text here.

'여기에' indicates location.

6

요약문은 쉬워요.

The summary text is easy.

Topic particle '은' is used for contrast or topic.

7

영어로 요약문을 만들어요.

I make a summary text in English.

'영어로' means 'in/using English'.

8

그 요약문을 봐요.

Look at that summary text.

'그' is a demonstrative meaning 'that'.

1

지문을 읽고 요약문을 완성하세요.

Read the passage and complete the summary text.

-고 connects two actions in sequence.

2

뉴스의 요약문이 화면에 나와요.

A summary of the news appears on the screen.

Possessive '의' links news and summary.

3

어려운 책은 요약문이 필요해요.

Difficult books need a summary text.

Adjective '어려운' modifies '책'.

4

요약문을 읽으면 이해가 잘 돼요.

If you read the summary text, you can understand it well.

-면 indicates a condition 'if'.

5

이 보고서의 요약문은 어디에 있나요?

Where is the summary text of this report?

-나요 is a polite questioning ending.

6

친구에게 요약문을 보내줬어요.

I sent the summary text to my friend.

-어 주다 means 'to do something for someone'.

7

요약문이 너무 길어서 다시 썼어요.

The summary was too long, so I wrote it again.

-아서 indicates a reason/cause.

8

이 요약문은 정말 정확해요.

This summary text is really accurate.

Adverb '정말' emphasizes '정확해요'.

1

회의록의 요약문을 팀원들에게 공유했습니다.

I shared the summary of the meeting minutes with the team members.

Formal past tense '공유했습니다'.

2

논문을 읽기 전에 요약문부터 확인하세요.

Check the summary text before reading the thesis.

-기 전에 means 'before doing'.

3

요약문을 작성할 때는 핵심 단어를 사용해야 합니다.

When writing a summary, you must use keywords.

-ㄹ 때 means 'when' and -해야 하다 means 'must'.

4

AI가 생성한 요약문이 꽤 자연스럽네요.

The summary text generated by AI is quite natural.

-ㄴ/은 describes a finished action (generated).

5

발표의 마지막에 요약문을 넣기로 했어요.

We decided to put a summary text at the end of the presentation.

-기로 하다 means 'to decide to'.

6

요약문의 내용이 본문과 조금 다릅니다.

The content of the summary is a bit different from the main text.

-와/과 다르다 means 'to be different from'.

7

간결한 요약문을 작성하는 연습을 하고 있어요.

I am practicing writing concise summary texts.

-고 있다 indicates progressive action.

8

이 기사는 요약문만 봐도 충분합니다.

For this article, just looking at the summary text is enough.

-만 봐도 means 'even just by looking'.

1

보고서 서두에 요약문을 배치하여 가독성을 높였습니다.

I improved readability by placing a summary at the beginning of the report.

Hanja-based vocabulary: 서두 (beginning), 가독성 (readability).

2

복잡한 실험 결과를 한 페이지의 요약문으로 정리했습니다.

I organized the complex experimental results into a one-page summary.

-으로 정리하다 means 'to organize into'.

3

요약문은 저자의 의도를 정확하게 반영해야 합니다.

The summary must accurately reflect the author's intention.

Adverb '정확하게' (accurately).

4

영문 요약문을 국문으로 번역하는 작업이 필요합니다.

The task of translating the English summary into Korean is necessary.

-는 작업 (the task of doing...).

5

요약문이 너무 추상적이라서 내용을 파악하기 어렵네요.

The summary is too abstract, so it's hard to grasp the content.

-기 어렵다 means 'hard to do'.

6

정부 발표의 요약문이 오늘 아침에 공개되었습니다.

The summary of the government announcement was released this morning.

Passive form '공개되었습니다' (was made public).

7

이 요약문은 논문의 핵심 기여도를 잘 보여줍니다.

This summary clearly shows the core contribution of the thesis.

핵심 기여도 (core contribution).

8

요약문을 통해 전체적인 흐름을 파악할 수 있습니다.

You can grasp the overall flow through the summary text.

-을 통해 means 'through/by means of'.

1

학술지의 투고 규정에 따라 요약문의 분량을 조절했습니다.

I adjusted the length of the summary according to the academic journal's submission rules.

-에 따라 means 'according to'.

2

이 요약문은 방대한 데이터를 아주 밀도 있게 압축하고 있습니다.

This summary compresses a vast amount of data very densely.

밀도 있게 (densely/compactly).

3

요약문에서 주관적인 판단을 배제하고 객관성을 유지하십시오.

Exclude subjective judgments and maintain objectivity in the summary.

-하십시오 is a formal command.

4

기존 연구의 요약문을 분석하여 연구의 공백을 찾아냈습니다.

I found a research gap by analyzing summaries of existing studies.

연구의 공백 (research gap).

5

이 요약문은 본문의 논리적 구조를 완벽하게 재구성했습니다.

This summary perfectly reconstructed the logical structure of the original text.

재구성하다 (to reconstruct).

6

초록과 요약문은 독자가 글을 읽을지 결정하는 중요한 척도입니다.

Abstracts and summaries are important criteria for readers to decide whether to read a text.

척도 (criterion/scale).

7

법원 판결문의 요약문을 통해 사건의 전말을 이해했습니다.

I understood the full story of the case through the summary of the court judgment.

사건의 전말 (the full story/details of an incident).

8

요약문 작성이 단순한 요약 이상의 지적 작업임을 깨달았습니다.

I realized that writing a summary is an intellectual task beyond simple summarization.

-임을 깨닫다 (to realize that...).

1

본 요약문은 다각적인 분석을 통해 도출된 결론을 집약적으로 제시합니다.

This summary intensively presents the conclusions derived through multi-faceted analysis.

집약적으로 (intensively/concentratedly).

2

요약문의 정교함은 원문의 복잡성을 얼마나 효과적으로 여과했느냐에 달려 있습니다.

The sophistication of a summary depends on how effectively it has filtered the complexity of the original text.

-느냐에 달려 있다 (depends on whether/how...).

3

그의 요약문은 원작의 문체적 특징까지도 섬세하게 포착해내고 있습니다.

His summary delicately captures even the stylistic characteristics of the original work.

문체적 특징 (stylistic characteristics).

4

정책 요약문은 대중의 이해를 돕기 위해 전문 용어를 순화하여 서술되었습니다.

The policy summary was described by refining technical terms to help the public's understanding.

순화하다 (to refine/purify language).

5

요약문이 지닌 함축적 의미를 파악하는 것이 비판적 사고의 핵심입니다.

Grasping the implicit meaning of a summary is the core of critical thinking.

함축적 의미 (implicit meaning).

6

방대한 사료를 단 한 페이지의 요약문으로 압축하는 것은 고도의 통찰력을 요구합니다.

Compressing vast historical records into a single-page summary requires a high degree of insight.

고도의 통찰력 (high degree of insight).

7

이 요약문은 논쟁의 핵심을 꿰뚫는 예리한 분석을 담고 있습니다.

This summary contains a sharp analysis that pierces through the heart of the debate.

꿰뚫다 (to pierce/penetrate).

8

요약문의 구조적 완결성은 전체 논문의 신뢰도를 좌우하는 중요한 요소입니다.

The structural completeness of the summary is a crucial factor that determines the credibility of the entire paper.

좌우하다 (to determine/influence).

Collocations courantes

요약문을 작성하다
요약문을 제출하다
요약문을 읽다
요약문을 완성하다
간결한 요약문
정확한 요약문
국문 요약문
영문 요약문
요약문 생성
요약문 예시

Phrases Courantes

요약문 한 장

— A one-page summary.

요약문 한 장으로 정리해 오세요.

요약문 형식

— The format of a summary.

요약문 형식에 맞춰서 쓰세요.

요약문 요지

— The main point of the summary.

요약문의 요지가 명확하지 않아요.

요약문 분량

— The length/volume of the summary.

요약문 분량이 너무 많아요.

요약문 첨부

— Attaching a summary.

메일에 요약문을 첨부했습니다.

요약문 확인

— Checking the summary.

요약문 확인 부탁드립니다.

요약문 누락

— Missing summary.

보고서에 요약문이 누락되었습니다.

요약문 공유

— Sharing the summary.

팀원들과 요약문을 공유하세요.

요약문 수정

— Editing the summary.

요약문 수정을 마쳤습니다.

요약문 초안

— A draft of the summary.

요약문 초안을 작성 중입니다.

Expressions idiomatiques

"뼈대만 남기다"

— To leave only the skeleton (to summarize to the absolute essentials).

그는 긴 글에서 뼈대만 남겨 요약문을 만들었다.

Informal/Metaphorical
"한눈에 들어오다"

— To be seen at a glance (describing a good summary).

요약문이 아주 잘 쓰여서 내용이 한눈에 들어온다.

Neutral
"군더더기를 빼다"

— To remove the fluff/unnecessary parts.

군더더기를 뺀 깔끔한 요약문이 필요하다.

Neutral
"핵심을 찌르다"

— To pierce the core (to hit the main point accurately).

이 요약문은 사건의 핵심을 찌르고 있다.

Neutral
"수박 겉 핥기"

— Licking the outside of a watermelon (doing a shallow summary).

그 요약문은 수박 겉 핥기 식으로 작성되었다.

Critical
"일목요연하게"
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