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A1 verb 10 min de lecture

sovražiti

Exemples sovražiti en 30 secondes
Explication sovražiti in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'sovražiti' as the opposite of 'imeti rad' (to like/love). You will mostly use it in simple present tense sentences to express strong dislikes. For example, 'Sovražim mraz' (I hate the cold) or 'On sovraži špinačo' (He hates spinach). It is important to remember the basic endings: -im, -iš, -i. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar, just focus on the fact that it is a very strong word. Most of the time, you should use 'ne maram' (I don't like) instead, but 'sovražiti' is useful for emphasizing that you really, really do not like something. You should also recognize the word 'sovražnik' which means 'enemy'. When you practice, try to conjugate the verb for all persons: I hate, you hate, he hates. This will help you build a foundation for more complex sentences later. Remember that the thing you hate comes right after the verb. If it's a person, you might need a different ending, but for now, focus on things like 'vreme' (weather) or 'hrana' (food).
At the A2 level, you start using 'sovražiti' in the past and future tenses. You should be able to say 'Sovražil sem šolo' (I hated school) or 'Sovražila sem to obleko' (I hated this dress). You will also begin to see how the word changes when you talk about two people using the dual. For example, 'Midva se sovraživa' (The two of us hate each other). You should also learn the difference between 'sovražiti' and 'ne marati' more clearly. Use 'sovražiti' only for things that truly bother you. You will also encounter the word in simple questions like 'Zakaj sovražiš zimo?' (Why do you hate winter?). At this level, you should be comfortable with the accusative case endings for the objects of this verb. For example, if you hate a female friend, you would say 'Sovražim jo' (I hate her), where 'jo' is the accusative form of 'ona'. This level is about expanding the contexts in which you can express this strong emotion and ensuring your endings are correct.
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At the B1 level, you move beyond simple objects and start using 'sovražiti' with other verbs and clauses. For example, 'Sovražim delati nadure' (I hate working overtime) or 'Sovražim, da moram vedno ponavljati' (I hate that I always have to repeat). You will also learn the perfective version 'zasovražiti', which means 'to start hating'. This is used for a specific moment when your feelings changed. For example, 'Takrat sem ga zasovražil' (At that moment, I started to hate him). You should also be able to use the conditional: 'Sovražil bi, če bi zamudil' (I would hate if I were late). At this stage, you are expected to understand the nuance of the word in social contexts and media. You might hear 'sovražni govor' (hate speech) in the news and understand that it refers to a serious social issue. You can also start using synonyms like 'prezirati' (to despise) to show a more specific type of dislike. Your vocabulary is growing, and you can now explain *why* you hate something using more complex sentence structures.
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At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'sovražiti' in abstract and philosophical contexts. You can discuss social issues like 'sovražiti krivico' (hating injustice) or 'sovražiti korupcijo' (hating corruption). You will understand the subtle differences between 'sovražiti', 'prezirati', and 'imeti odpor do'. You should be able to use the verb in the passive or in complex participial constructions. For example, 'sovražena oseba' (a hated person). You will also encounter the word in literature and more formal debates. You should be able to express yourself clearly and provide detailed reasons for such strong emotions. Your grammar should be mostly correct, including the use of the genitive case when the verb is negated in formal contexts: 'Ne sovražim nikogar' (I don't hate anyone). At this level, you are also aware of the cultural implications of using such a strong word in Slovenian society and can adjust your tone accordingly. You understand that 'sovražiti' is a powerful tool in rhetoric.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'sovražiti' and its place in the Slovenian linguistic landscape. You can use it to analyze characters in literature or to discuss complex political movements. You are familiar with idiomatic expressions and the word's etymological roots. You can distinguish between the emotional state of hatred and its manifestation in 'sovražna dejanja' (hateful acts). You can use the verb in all its forms, including the less common dual and plural imperatives if needed for dramatic effect. You also understand how the word is used in legal contexts, such as 'spodbujanje sovraštva' (inciting hatred). You can write essays or give presentations where you use 'sovražiti' to convey strong conviction or to critique societal norms. Your use of the word is precise, and you know exactly when to choose it over a less intense synonym to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. You are also aware of the historical weight the word carries in Slovenian history and collective memory.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'sovražiti'. You can appreciate and use the word in its most subtle and nuanced forms. You can engage in high-level academic or philosophical discussions about the nature of hatred, using the verb and its derivatives effortlessly. You can identify and use archaic or highly literary synonyms like 'črtiti' when appropriate. You understand the psychological depth the word can convey in a poem or a novel. You can navigate the most complex grammatical structures involving the verb without hesitation. You are also sensitive to the evolving use of the word in modern digital culture, including the nuances of 'hating' in the context of social media trends. Your command of the language allows you to use 'sovražiti' as a precise instrument for expressing the full range of human animosity, from the most petty personal grievance to the most profound existential loathing. You are a master of the emotional weight and cultural resonance of this powerful Slovenian verb.
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Exemples

sovražiti en 30 secondes

  • A strong verb for 'to hate'.
  • Governs the accusative case.
  • Imperfective aspect (ongoing state).
  • Culturally heavy and serious.
The Slovenian verb sovražiti is a powerful, high-intensity word used to express a deep-seated, often visceral dislike or animosity towards someone or something. In the spectrum of Slovenian emotions, it sits at the absolute opposite end of ljubiti (to love). While English speakers might casually say they 'hate' a specific type of food or a rainy day, Slovenians tend to reserve sovražiti for more profound or serious contexts, often opting for the milder ne marati (to not like) for trivial matters.
Intensity Level
High. It implies a lasting emotional state rather than a temporary annoyance.
Grammatical Case
This verb governs the accusative case (tožilnik). You hate 'koga' (whom) or 'kaj' (what).
Aspect
It is an imperfective verb, describing an ongoing state or feeling of hatred.
When using this word, you are signaling a strong rejection. For instance, in political discourse, social issues, or intense personal conflicts, sovražiti carries significant weight. It is not a word to be used lightly in polite company unless you truly mean to convey a sense of loathing.

Nikoli nisem mogel sovražiti svojih sovražnikov, ker sem jih poskušal razumeti.

In this example, the verb highlights a philosophical stance on conflict. Understanding the cultural nuance of sovražiti prevents you from sounding overly dramatic in everyday Slovenian conversations. It is a word of passion, conflict, and deep emotional investment. Historically, it has been used in literature to describe the struggle against oppressors or the pain of betrayal. In modern usage, it frequently appears in news reports regarding 'sovražni govor' (hate speech), which is a critical legal and social concept in Slovenia.

Ljudje pogosto sovražijo tisto, česar ne poznajo.

This sentence reflects a common psychological observation, using the third person plural present tense.
Synonym comparison
Compared to 'prezirati' (to despise), 'sovražiti' is more emotional and less intellectual. Prezir involves looking down on someone; sovražiti involves an active fire of dislike.

Zakaj me tako sovražiš?

This direct question illustrates the personal application of the verb. It is a confrontational and emotionally charged inquiry. In Slovenian culture, expressing such strong emotions is usually done in private or within very close circles, as Slovenians can be somewhat reserved in public settings. Therefore, hearing this word in a public debate usually indicates a very high level of tension.

Brezpredmetno je sovražiti preteklost.

This abstract usage suggests that one should not hold onto negative emotions regarding what has already happened. It demonstrates the verb's flexibility in describing attitudes toward non-human concepts like time or history.
Using sovražiti correctly requires attention to conjugation and the accusative case. As an -iti verb, it follows a standard conjugation pattern in the present tense. The stem is sovraž-.
Present Tense Conjugation
Jaz sovražim, ti sovražiš, on/ona sovraži, mi sovražimo, vi sovražite, oni/one sovražijo.
Past Tense
Bil sem/sem (m) / Bila sem/sem (f) + sovražil/sovražila. Example: 'Vedno sem sovražil zimo' (I always hated winter).
Future Tense
Bodi + sovražil (rare). Usually: 'Vedno te bom sovražil' (I will always hate you).
The object of your hatred must be in the accusative case. For masculine inanimate nouns, the form remains the same as the nominative. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the ending changes to -o. For masculine animate nouns (people, animals), the ending changes to -a.

Moj sosed sovraži hrupne zabave.

Here, 'hrupne zabave' (noisy parties) is in the accusative plural.

Ali sovražite zgodnje vstajanje?

This question uses the polite/plural 'vi' form and targets a gerund-like noun 'vstajanje' (getting up).
Common Object Patterns
Sovražiti + [noun in accusative], Sovražiti + [infinitive verb]. Example: 'Sovražim lagati' (I hate to lie).
In complex sentences, sovražiti can be followed by a clause starting with da.

Sovražim, da moram vedno čakati na avtobus.

This translates to 'I hate that I always have to wait for the bus.' This structure is very common for expressing frustration with recurring situations.

Otroci včasih sovražijo zelenjavo.

This is a classic example of the third person plural. Even though children's dislike of vegetables might be temporary, the word is used here to emphasize the strength of their refusal. In formal writing, the word is often used to describe social phenomena.

Družba ne sme sovražiti drugačnosti.

'Society must not hate difference.' This sentence uses the modal verb 'sme' (is allowed) and the infinitive 'sovražiti'. The object 'drugačnosti' is in the genitive because of the negation 'ne sme'.
You will encounter sovražiti in various spheres of Slovenian life, from pop culture to legal documents. In daily conversation, it is most frequently heard among younger generations who might use it with slightly less gravity than older speakers, though it still remains stronger than 'ne marati'.
News and Media
The term 'sovražni govor' (hate speech) is a staple in Slovenian news. You will hear journalists and lawyers discussing whether a certain statement constitutes 'sovražiti' or inciting hatred.
Literature and Film
In Slovenian drama, the verb is used to heighten emotional stakes. Characters will declare their hatred for a betrayer or a rival, using the word to signify a point of no return in a relationship.
Social Media
Comments sections are unfortunately full of the verb. Users might write 'Sovražim to!' (I hate this!) in response to a new law, a celebrity's action, or even a change in a website's layout.

V filmu glavni junak sovraži nepravičnost.

This sentence describes a character's motivation. In schools, children might use the word to talk about subjects they find difficult.

Vsi moji sošolci sovražijo matematiko.

This is a hyperbolic use, common among students. You will also hear it in sports contexts, particularly during intense derbies (like between Maribor and Olimpija), where fans might express 'hatred' for the opposing team, though this is usually understood as a form of extreme rivalry rather than literal animosity.

Navijači sovražijo poraze svoje ekipe.

This highlights the passion of sports fans.
Music Lyrics
Slovenian rock and rap often use 'sovražiti' to express rebellion. A lyric might say 'Sovražim ta sistem' (I hate this system) to convey a sense of punk-rock defiance.

Nihče ne bi smel sovražiti samega sebe.

This psychological context addresses self-esteem and mental health, showing the verb's application to internal states. In summary, sovražiti is a word that appears whenever emotions run high or when the topic involves deep-seated conflict, whether personal, social, or political.
For English speakers learning Slovenian, the most common mistake with sovražiti is overusing it for minor inconveniences. In English, 'I hate this coffee' is a standard way to say the coffee is bad. In Slovenian, saying 'Sovražim to kavo' sounds like you have a personal vendetta against the beverage.
Mistake 1: Over-intensity
Using 'sovražiti' when 'ne marati' is more appropriate. Correct: 'Ne maram dežja' (I don't like rain). Dramatic: 'Sovražim dež' (I hate rain).
Mistake 2: Case Errors
Using the nominative case for the object. Wrong: 'Sovražim ta človek.' Correct: 'Sovražim tega človeka' (Accusative).
Mistake 3: Confusing Aspect
Mixing up 'sovražiti' (to hate - state) with 'zasovražiti' (to start hating - event). If you want to say you began to hate something at a specific moment, use 'zasovražil sem'.

Veliko študentov sovraži izpite, a jih morajo opraviti.

This is a correct usage, but a common mistake is forgetting the plural ending -ijo for 'oni' (they). Another mistake involves the dual. If two people hate each other, you must use the dual reflexive form.

Brata se sovražita že leta.

'The two brothers have hated each other for years.' Beginners often default to the plural 'sovražijo', which is incorrect for exactly two people.
Mistake 4: Pronunciation of 'ž'
The 'ž' sound is like the 's' in 'pleasure'. Some learners pronounce it as 'z' or 'sh', which changes the word entirely or makes it unintelligible.

Ne moreš sovražiti vseh ljudi.

Here, the mistake would be using 'vsi ljudje' (nominative) instead of 'vseh ljudi' (genitive/accusative plural). Because 'vseh' is plural and modified by 'ne moreš', the case can be tricky. Finally, avoid using sovražiti to mean 'to be sorry' or 'to regret', as some learners occasionally do by mistake. To say 'I hate that I have to go', you use the 'sovražim, da...' structure, but never use the verb alone to express regret.
While sovražiti is the standard word for hate, Slovenian offers several alternatives depending on the nuance and level of formality you wish to achieve.
Ne marati
The most common alternative. It means 'to not like'. It is safer and much more common for daily dislikes. Example: 'Ne maram čakanja' (I don't like waiting).
Prezirati
To despise or loathe. This implies a sense of superiority over the object of your hate. Example: 'Preziram lažnivce' (I despise liars).
Gnusiti se
Used when something causes physical or moral disgust. It is used with the dative. Example: 'Ta hrana se mi gnusi' (This food disgusts me).

Namesto da bi ga sovražil, ga je raje preziral.

This sentence beautifully illustrates the difference between emotional hatred and cold disdain. Another interesting alternative is imeti odpor do (to have a resistance/aversion to). This is often used for things you find unpleasant but don't necessarily 'hate' with passion.

Imam odpor do javnega nastopanja.

This is more natural than saying 'Sovražim javno nastopanje' unless you truly find it agonizing.
Sovražiti se
The reflexive form. It can mean to hate oneself or to hate each other (in plural/dual). Example: 'Sovražita se že od otroštva' (They have hated each other since childhood).

Ni ga mogla sovražiti, čeprav jo je prizadel.

This shows the verb in a romantic or interpersonal context where feelings are conflicted. Finally, consider črtiti, an archaic or very literary word for 'to hate/to loathe'. You will mostly see this in older books or poetry. Understanding these alternatives allows you to express your negative feelings with more precision and cultural accuracy.
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Exemples par niveau

1

Sovražim mraz.

I hate the cold.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

On sovraži zelenjavo.

He hates vegetables.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

3

Ali sovražiš zimo?

Do you hate winter?

Question form, 2nd person singular.

4

Mi sovražimo hrup.

We hate noise.

Present tense, 1st person plural.

5

Ona sovraži učenje.

She hates studying.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

6

Vi sovražite dež.

You (plural) hate rain.

Present tense, 2nd person plural.

7

Oni sovražijo čakanje.

They hate waiting.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

8

Mačka sovraži vodo.

The cat hates water.

Noun + 3rd person singular verb.

1

Včeraj sem sovražil vse.

Yesterday I hated everything.

Past tense, masculine singular.

2

Nisem te sovražila.

I didn't hate you.

Negative past tense, feminine singular.

3

Zakaj sta se sovražila?

Why did the two of them hate each other?

Dual past tense, reflexive.

4

Sovražili smo to hišo.

We hated this house.

Past tense, plural.

5

Ali si sovražil šolo?

Did you hate school?

Past tense question.

6

Ona bo sovražila to darilo.

She will hate this gift.

Future tense.

7

Vedno sem sovražila pajke.

I have always hated spiders.

Past tense with 'vedno' (always).

8

Otroci so sovražili to igro.

The children hated this game.

Past tense, plural.

1

Sovražim, da moram delati v soboto.

I hate that I have to work on Saturday.

Verb + clause starting with 'da'.

2

Zasovražil sem ga, ko me je zlagal.

I started to hate him when he lied to me.

Perfective verb 'zasovražiti'.

3

Sovražila bi, če bi zamudila vlak.

I would hate if I missed the train.

Conditional mood.

4

Nihče ne mara sovražiti.

No one likes to hate.

Infinitive after 'ne mara'.

5

Sovražim se, ker sem to storil.

I hate myself because I did that.

Reflexive 'se' (self).

6

Ali sovražite čakati v vrsti?

Do you hate waiting in line?

Verb + infinitive.

7

Vsi sovražimo nepravičnost.

We all hate injustice.

Abstract noun in accusative.

8

Nisem hotel sovražiti svoje preteklosti.

I didn't want to hate my past.

Infinitive after 'hotel'.

1

Sovražiti nekoga je kot piti strup.

Hating someone is like drinking poison.

Infinitive as a subject.

2

Družba sovraži tiste, ki so drugačni.

Society hates those who are different.

Collective noun subject.

3

Preveč energije porabimo za sovraženje.

We spend too much energy on hating.

Verbal noun 'sovraženje'.

4

Ne sovražim ga, le preziram ga.

I don't hate him, I just despise him.

Contrast between two verbs.

5

Sovražiti je lažje kot ljubiti.

It is easier to hate than to love.

Infinitive comparison.

6

Mnogi sovražijo spremembe, a so nujne.

Many hate changes, but they are necessary.

Plural subject with 'mnogi'.

7

Zasovražila je mesto, v katerem je odrasla.

She started to hate the city she grew up in.

Perfective aspect.

8

Sovražim dejstvo, da nimaš prav.

I hate the fact that you are not right.

Noun phrase 'dejstvo, da'.

1

Sovražiti lastno kulturo je oblika samoponižanja.

Hating one's own culture is a form of self-abasement.

Complex subject phrase.

2

Politični diskurz je prežet s sovražnim govorom.

Political discourse is permeated with hate speech.

Adjective 'sovražen'.

3

Njegovo sovraženje vsega tujega je bilo očitno.

His hatred of everything foreign was obvious.

Verbal noun with genitive object.

4

Niso ga sovražili zaradi dejanj, temveč zaradi idej.

They didn't hate him for his actions, but for his ideas.

Contrast using 'ne... temveč'.

5

V literaturi sovražiti pogosto pomeni trpeti.

In literature, to hate often means to suffer.

Abstract infinitive usage.

6

Sovražiti pomeni priznati moč drugemu.

To hate means to admit the power of another.

Philosophical definition.

7

Zaslepljenost ga je prisilila, da je začel sovražiti.

Blindness forced him to start hating.

Resultative clause.

8

Nihče se ne rodi s sposobnostjo sovražiti.

No one is born with the ability to hate.

Infinitive after 'sposobnostjo'.

1

Sovražiti je ontološki upor proti bivanju.

To hate is an ontological rebellion against existence.

Academic/Philosophical register.

2

V jedru sovraštva leži globoko nepoznavanje sebe.

At the core of hatred lies a deep ignorance of oneself.

Noun form 'sovraštvo'.

3

Sovražiti nekoga pomeni biti nanj nerazdružljivo vezan.

To hate someone means to be inextricably tied to them.

Complex predicate.

4

Fenomenologija sovraženja razkriva krhkost človeškega duha.

The phenomenology of hating reveals the fragility of the human spirit.

Scientific/Academic term.

5

Sovražiti preteklost je jalovo početje, ki zastruplja sedanjost.

Hating the past is a futile endeavor that poisons the present.

Metaphorical usage.

6

Kdor sovraži, je že vnaprej poražen.

He who hates is already defeated in advance.

Relative clause 'kdor'.

7

Sovražiti s takšno intenzivnostjo zahteva ogromno notranje moči.

To hate with such intensity requires immense inner strength.

Adverbial phrase of intensity.

8

Dialektika med ljubiti in sovražiti je večna tema umetnosti.

The dialectic between loving and hating is an eternal theme of art.

Infinitives as nouns.

Collocations courantes

sovražiti iz dna srca
sovražiti krivico
sovražiti spremembe
sovražiti do smrti
sovražiti poraze
sovražiti čakanje
sovražiti zimo
sovražiti laži
sovražiti delo
sovražiti samega sebe

Phrases Courantes

Sovražim to!

— A common exclamation when something goes wrong or is very unpleasant.

Spet dežuje. Sovražim to!

Sovražim te.

— A direct, very harsh expression of personal hatred.

Nikoli ti ne bom odpustila, sovražim te!

Ne sovražim te.

— A clarification often used during a conflict or breakup.

Ne sovražim te, samo razočarana sem.

Kdor ljubi, ne sovraži.

— A proverb suggesting that love and hate cannot coexist.

Poskusi odpustiti, saj kdor ljubi, ne sovraži.

Sovražiti je človeško.

— A phrase suggesting that hatred is a natural, if negative, part of being human.

Vsi včasih čutimo jezo, saj sovražiti je človeško.

Sovražim čakati.

— A very common way to express impatience.

V restavraciji je bila vrsta in sovražim čakati.

Sovražim se, ker...

— Used to express self-regret or guilt.

Sovražim se, ker sem pozabil na tvoj rojstni dan.

Sovražiti vse po vrsti.

— To hate everyone and everything without exception.

Danes sem slabe volje in sovražim vse po vrsti.

Sovražiti vsak trenutek.

— To find a situation completely unbearable.

Na tistem sestanku sem sovražil vsak trenutek.

Ti me sovražiš.

— An accusation made in a personal conflict.

Vem, da me sovražiš, ampak morava se pogovoriti.

Expressions idiomatiques

"sovražiti koga kot kugo"

— To hate someone like the plague; to avoid them at all costs.

Moj oče sovraži tega politika kot kugo.

informal
"sovražiti koga do groba"

— To hate someone until death; a lifelong animosity.

Zaradi tiste prevare ga je sovražil do groba.

formal
"od ljubezni do sovraštva je le en korak"

— There is only one step from love to hate.

Prej sta bila par, zdaj se ne moreta videti; od ljubezni do sovraštva je le en korak.

neutral
"sejati sovraštvo"

— To sow hatred; to spread negative feelings among people.

Njegovi govori so le sejali sovraštvo med sosedi.

formal
"sovražiti koga iz dna duše"

— To hate someone from the bottom of one's soul.

Sovražila ga je iz dna duše zaradi vsega hudega.

neutral
"pogled, ki sovraži"

— A hateful look; a look full of animosity.

Namenila mi je pogled, ki sovraži.

literary
"sovražiti tujo kožo"

— To hate someone's very existence or nature (rare/dialectal).

Nikoli se nista razumela, sovražil je njegovo kožo.

informal
"srce, polno sovraštva"

— A heart full of hatred.

Zaradi vojne je imel srce, polno sovraštva.

literary
"pot v sovraštvo"

— The path to hatred; the process of becoming hateful.

Njegova pot v sovraštvo se je začela z majhnimi zamislimi.

neutral
"vrtinec sovraštva"

— A vortex of hatred; a situation wher

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