灾害
The Chinese word for 'disaster' or 'calamity' is 灾害 (zāi hài). You'll often hear this word in news reports or when people talk about natural events like floods or earthquakes. It refers to something very bad that causes a lot of damage or suffering. Think of it as a significant misfortune that affects many people or a large area. It's a useful word to know for understanding basic news and conversations about global events.
When you're talking about really bad events like earthquakes, floods, or droughts, the word you need in Chinese is 灾害 (zāihài). It's a noun and means 'disaster' or 'calamity'.
Think of it as any kind of natural or man-made event that causes a lot of damage, harm, or suffering.
For example, if there's a big flood, you can say it's a 水灾 (shuǐzāi), which is a type of 灾害.
It’s a general term, so you can use it for many different kinds of serious misfortunes.
When talking about unfortunate events that cause a lot of damage, the Chinese word is 灾害 (zāihài). This word is often used for things like natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods. It can also describe human-made disasters, although less commonly. Think of it as a broad term for any major catastrophe. It's a useful word to know for discussing news or current events.
When talking about unfortunate events, “灾害” (zāi hài) is your go-to word for 'disaster' or 'calamity'. It's a broad term that covers many kinds of serious harm or damage, whether from nature or human activity. Think about floods, earthquakes, or even a really bad accident – these are all considered “灾害”. It’s a formal and quite serious word, so you’ll often see it in news reports or official statements. If you want to say something is a disaster, this is a solid choice.
The Chinese word 灾害 (zāihài) refers to a disaster or calamity. This term is broad and can encompass both natural disasters like earthquakes (地震, dìzhèn) and floods (洪水, hóngshuǐ), as well as man-made disasters such as accidents or conflicts. It generally describes an event that causes significant damage, loss, or suffering. Understanding 灾害 is important for discussing news, environmental issues, and historical events in Chinese. When you encounter this word, think of it as a general category for unfortunate and destructive occurrences.
When discussing significant misfortune or catastrophic events, the word for such occurrences is 灾害 (zāihài). This term encompasses natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, as well as man-made calamities.
It is a broad term used to describe situations where there is widespread damage, loss, or suffering.
For instance, you might hear about government responses to 自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài), meaning 'natural disasters,' or the prevention of potential industrial 灾害.
The word emphasizes the destructive and harmful impact of an event on a large scale.
灾害 en 30 secondes
- 灾害 (zāihài) means disaster or calamity.
- It refers to events causing significant damage or suffering.
- Examples include natural disasters like floods or earthquakes.
§ What does 灾害 (zāihài) mean?
The Chinese word 灾害 (zāihài) is a noun that directly translates to 'disaster' or 'calamity'. It's used to describe unfortunate and often sudden events that cause significant damage, loss, or suffering. Think of natural catastrophes like earthquakes, floods, or droughts, but it can also extend to human-made disasters like accidents or widespread problems.
- Definition
- Disaster; calamity
§ When do people use 灾害 (zāihài)?
People use 灾害 (zāihài) when they want to talk about any event that brings about widespread negative consequences. It's a broad term and can be applied to many different situations. You'll hear it in news reports, official statements, and everyday conversations when people are discussing serious problems. It emphasizes the negative impact and often the uncontrollable nature of the event.
Here are some common scenarios where 灾害 (zāihài) is used:
- To describe natural disasters: These are events caused by natural processes of the Earth.
- To talk about man-made disasters: These are events caused by human activity, or lack thereof.
- To refer to large-scale problems: Sometimes it can be used more broadly to refer to major societal issues or ongoing difficulties.
地震是一种自然灾害。(Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster.)
In this example, 灾害 (zāihài) is clearly referring to a natural event that causes destruction.
我们应该学习如何应对各种灾害。(We should learn how to respond to various disasters.)
Here, the speaker is talking about being prepared for different types of adverse events.
这次火灾造成了巨大的灾害。(This fire caused a huge disaster.)
Even a localized event like a fire can be described as a 灾害 (zāihài) if its impact is significant.
When you're trying to convey the idea of a major unfortunate event, 灾害 (zāihài) is the word you need. It covers everything from a devastating typhoon to a severe famine. The key is the scale and severity of the negative impact. It's a word that evokes a sense of seriousness and often, urgency.
§ Understanding “灾害” (zāihài)
“灾害” (zāihài) is a noun in Chinese, and it directly translates to 'disaster' or 'calamity' in English. It’s a pretty straightforward word, used to describe unfortunate events that cause significant damage, loss, or suffering. Think of things like natural disasters – floods, earthquakes, droughts – or even man-made catastrophes. It’s a CEFR A1 word, meaning it's quite basic and useful to learn early on.
- DEFINITION
- disaster; calamity
§ Basic Sentence Structures with “灾害”
Let's look at how "灾害" (zāihài) fits into common sentence structures. You’ll find it behaves similarly to other nouns in Chinese.
- As the subject of a sentence: This is when "灾害" (zāihài) is performing the action or being described.
灾害 给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。(Disasters bring immense suffering to people.)
- As the object of a verb: Here, "灾害" (zāihài) is receiving the action of the verb.
我们应该预防自然灾害。(We should prevent natural disasters.)
- With prepositions: While Chinese doesn't have prepositions in the same way English does, we use words that function similarly to show relationships between words.
由于灾害，很多人失去了家园。(Due to the disaster, many people lost their homes.)
Here, “由于” (yóuyú) acts like 'due to' or 'because of' in English, indicating the cause.
§ Common Phrases and Collocations
“灾害” (zāihài) frequently appears with other words. Learning these common combinations will make your Chinese sound more natural.
- 自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài): Natural disaster
地震是一种自然灾害。(Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster.)
- 重大灾害 (zhòngdà zāihài): Major disaster
这是一场重大灾害。(This is a major disaster.)
- 预防灾害 (yùfáng zāihài): Prevent disasters
政府正在努力预防灾害。(The government is working hard to prevent disasters.)
- 遭受灾害 (zāoshòu zāihài): Suffer from a disaster
那个地区经常遭受灾害。(That region often suffers from disasters.)
§ Expanding Your Usage
You can also combine "灾害" (zāihài) with measure words to quantify disasters, though it's less common than with concrete objects. When it comes to specific types of disasters, you'll often see the type of disaster followed by "灾" (zāi) as a suffix, which is a shortened form of "灾害" (zāihài).
- 地震灾害 (dìzhèn zāihài): Earthquake disaster (more formal) or just 地震 (dìzhèn) for earthquake.
- 水灾 (shuǐzāi): Flood (literally 'water disaster')
- 旱灾 (hànzāi): Drought (literally 'dry disaster')
Understanding these variations will help you recognize and use "灾害" (zāihài) in a broader context. Keep practicing with these examples, and you'll be using "灾害" (zāihài) like a pro in no time!
§ Understanding 灾害 (zāihài)
You're learning a really useful word with 灾害 (zāihài)! It means 'disaster' or 'calamity'. This isn't just a word you'll find in textbooks; it's something you'll hear and read regularly in various contexts, especially when people are talking about big events that affect many.
- DEFINITION
- 灾害 (zāihài): disaster; calamity
§ 灾害 (zāihài) in the News
The news is probably where you'll encounter 灾害 (zāihài) most often. Natural disasters, accidents, and other significant events are frequently reported using this term. Here are some examples of how you might see it:
Natural Disasters: Floods, earthquakes, typhoons, and droughts are all considered 灾害. News reports will often classify them this way.
这场地震造成了巨大的灾害。(Zhè chǎng dìzhèn zàochéngle jùdà de zāihài.) — This earthquake caused a huge disaster.
Man-Made Disasters: While less common, industrial accidents or large-scale environmental damage can also be referred to as 灾害.
污染对环境造成了严重的灾害。(Wūrǎn duì huánjìng zàochéngle yánzhòng de zāihài.) — Pollution caused serious calamity to the environment.
§ 灾害 (zāihài) in Work and Official Contexts
In professional settings, especially in government, emergency services, or humanitarian organizations, 灾害 (zāihài) is a key term. You'll see it in official reports, emergency plans, and discussions about disaster preparedness and relief.
Disaster Relief Efforts: When talking about aid or recovery after a major event, 灾害 will be used.
他们正在为受灾害影响的地区提供援助。(Tāmen zhèngzài wèi shòu zāihài yǐngxiǎng de dìqū tígōng yuánzhù.) — They are providing aid to areas affected by the disaster.
Risk Assessment: Businesses and governments conduct risk assessments to prepare for potential 灾害.
公司制定了应对自然灾害的计划。(Gōngsī zhìdìngle yìngduì zìrán zāihài de jìhuà.) — The company developed a plan to respond to natural disasters.
§ 灾害 (zāihài) in Education
In schools, especially in geography, history, or science classes, 灾害 is a common topic. Students learn about different types of disasters, their causes, and their impact.
Learning about History: Historical events that were significant disasters will use this term.
历史上有许多自然灾害的记载。(Lìshǐ shàng yǒu xǔduō zìrán zāihài de jìzǎi.) — There are many records of natural disasters in history.
Science Discussions: When discussing the scientific aspects of phenomena like volcanism or weather patterns, 灾害 will come up.
科学家研究如何预防自然灾害。(Kēxuéjiā yánjiū rúhé yùfáng zìrán zāihài.) — Scientists study how to prevent natural disasters.
How Formal Is It?
"政府正在制定计划以应对未来可能发生的自然灾害。(The government is formulating plans to cope with potential natural disasters in the future.)"
"这次地震造成了严重的灾害。(This earthquake caused serious disaster.)"
"我们遇到了大麻烦，车子抛锚了。(We ran into big trouble, the car broke down.)"
"下大雨可能会造成洪水这样的坏事情。(Heavy rain might cause bad things like floods.)"
"糟了！我把钥匙落在家里了。(Oh no! I left my keys at home.)"
Le savais-tu ?
In ancient China, natural disasters were often seen as a sign of divine displeasure, and emperors would perform rituals to appease the heavens during times of calamity.
Guide de prononciation
- Don't confuse the 'zh' sound with 'z' or 'j'. It's a retroflex consonant, meaning your tongue curls back slightly.
Niveau de difficulté
Two common characters, straightforward to recognize.
Both characters have a moderate number of strokes but are not overly complex.
Pronunciation is quite standard, two distinct tones.
Clear pronunciation, easily distinguishable.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Exemples par niveau
地震是一种自然灾害。
Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster.
那场火灾造成了很大的灾害。
That fire caused a big disaster.
我们应该学习如何应对灾害。
We should learn how to respond to disasters.
政府帮助受灾害影响的人们。
The government helps people affected by disasters.
预防灾害很重要。
Preventing disasters is very important.
洪水是一种常见的自然灾害。
Floods are a common natural disaster.
这个地区经常发生灾害。
This area often experiences disasters.
我们为灾害中的受害者祈祷。
We pray for the victims in the disaster.
地震和海啸都是自然灾害。
Earthquakes and tsunamis are both natural disasters.
这次洪水是一场严重的自然灾害。
This flood was a serious natural disaster.
我们需要做好准备应对各种灾害。
We need to be prepared for all kinds of disasters.
政府正在帮助受灾害影响的人们。
The government is helping people affected by the disaster.
幸好这次灾害没有造成人员伤亡。
Fortunately, this disaster did not cause any casualties.
我们应该从灾害中吸取教训。
We should learn lessons from disasters.
这次的干旱对农业造成了很大的灾害。
This drought caused great disaster for agriculture.
防止灾害发生是我们的责任。
It is our responsibility to prevent disasters from happening.
地震和洪水是常见的自然灾害。
Earthquakes and floods are common natural disasters.
这次台风给城市带来了巨大的灾害。
This typhoon brought huge disaster to the city.
面对灾害，人们应该互相帮助。
In the face of disaster, people should help each other.
政府正在努力减少自然灾害的影响。
The government is working to reduce the impact of natural disasters.
这次火灾造成了严重的财产灾害。
This fire caused serious property disaster.
希望我们能从这次灾害中恢复过来。
I hope we can recover from this disaster.
气候变化可能导致更多自然灾害的发生。
Climate change may lead to more natural disasters.
志愿者们赶到灾害现场提供帮助。
Volunteers rushed to the disaster scene to provide help.
自然灾害对当地经济造成了巨大的损失。
Natural disasters caused huge losses to the local economy.
政府正在采取措施，以应对可能发生的洪涝灾害。
The government is taking measures to deal with potential flood disasters.
这次地震灾害给无数家庭带来了痛苦。
This earthquake disaster brought suffering to countless families.
我们应该从中吸取教训，避免类似的灾害再次发生。
We should learn lessons from this and prevent similar disasters from happening again.
在灾害面前，人类的团结和互助显得尤为重要。
In the face of disaster, human unity and mutual assistance are especially important.
新闻报道了世界各地发生的各种自然灾害。
News reported on various natural disasters happening around the world.
这个地区历史上曾遭受过多次严重的旱灾。
This region has historically suffered from many severe drought disasters.
预防和减轻灾害的风险是全社会共同的责任。
Preventing and mitigating disaster risks is a shared responsibility of the entire society.
2008年的汶川大地震是一场毁灭性的自然灾害，给当地居民带来了巨大的痛苦和损失。
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was a devastating natural disaster, bringing immense suffering and loss to local residents.
毁灭性的 (huǐmièxìng de) - devastating; 巨大的 (jùdà de) - enormous; 痛苦 (tòngkǔ) - suffering
面对全球气候变暖带来的日益频繁的极端天气灾害，各国政府需要加强合作，共同应对挑战。
Facing increasingly frequent extreme weather disasters brought by global warming, governments worldwide need to strengthen cooperation and jointly address the challenges.
日益频繁的 (rìyì pínfán de) - increasingly frequent; 极端天气 (jíduān tiānqì) - extreme weather; 加强合作 (jiāqiáng hézuò) - strengthen cooperation
虽然灾害无情，但人有情，社区居民在灾后重建中展现出了强大的凝聚力和互助精神。
Although disasters are merciless, people are compassionate. Community residents demonstrated strong cohesion and a spirit of mutual aid in post-disaster reconstruction.
无情 (wúqíng) - merciless; 凝聚力 (níngjùlì) - cohesion; 互助精神 (hùzhù jīngshén) - spirit of mutual aid
为了预防潜在的自然灾害，政府投入大量资源改善基础设施，提高抗灾能力。
To prevent potential natural disasters, the government has invested significant resources in improving infrastructure and enhancing disaster resistance capabilities.
潜在的 (qiánzài de) - potential; 投入 (tóurù) - invest; 抗灾能力 (kàngzāi nénglì) - disaster resistance capability
这次火山爆发造成的生态灾害将对当地环境产生长期而深远的影响。
The ecological disaster caused by this volcanic eruption will have a long-term and profound impact on the local environment.
生态灾害 (shēngtài zāihài) - ecological disaster; 长期 (chángqī) - long-term; 深远 (shēnyuǎn) - profound
我们应该从历史上的重大灾害中吸取教训，未雨绸缪，以减少未来损失。
We should learn lessons from major historical disasters, plan ahead, and reduce future losses.
吸取教训 (xīqǔ jiàoxùn) - learn lessons; 未雨绸缪 (wèiyǔ chóumóu) - prepare for a rainy day (plan ahead); 减少损失 (jiǎnshǎo sǔnshī) - reduce losses
面对突如其来的流行病灾害，医护人员冲在第一线，展现了崇高的职业精神。
Facing the sudden epidemic disaster, medical staff rushed to the front line, demonstrating noble professionalism.
突如其来的 (tūrúqílái de) - sudden; 流行病灾害 (liúxíngbìng zāihài) - epidemic disaster; 崇高的 (chónggāo de) - noble
国际社会正积极开展合作，共同应对贫困、饥饿和疾病等全球性灾害。
The international community is actively cooperating to jointly address global disasters such as poverty, hunger, and disease.
国际社会 (guójì shèhuì) - international community; 积极开展 (jījí kāizhǎn) - actively carry out; 全球性 (quánqiúxìng) - global
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
这次灾害造成了很大的损失。
This disaster caused [very big losses] great losses.
他们正在评估灾害的程度。
They are [currently assessing] assessing the [degree] extent of the disaster.
我们必须吸取灾害的教训。
We must [learn] lessons from the disaster.
减少灾害风险是我们的目标。
Reducing disaster risk is our [goal] objective.
灾害发生后，救援队迅速赶到。
[After the disaster happened] After the disaster, rescue teams [quickly arrived] rushed to the scene.
政府提供了灾害援助。
The government provided disaster [aid] assistance.
人们在灾害中表现出极大的勇气。
People showed [great courage] immense courage during the disaster.
气候变化可能导致更多灾害。
Climate change may lead to [more disasters] more frequent disasters.
应对灾害需要国际合作。
[Responding to] Dealing with disasters requires international cooperation.
这个地区经常遭受自然灾害。
This region often [suffers from] experiences natural disasters.
Souvent confondu avec
Almost interchangeable with 灾害, but can feel more emotionally impactful or focus on the catastrophic aspect. Think of it as a disaster with a capital D.
A smaller-scale accident, often due to error. Not typically a natural event.
Trouble or inconvenience, much less severe than a disaster.
Modèles grammaticaux
Expressions idiomatiques
"天灾人祸 (tiān zāi rén huò)"
natural and man-made disasters
这次地震是天灾人祸。
neutral"灾难深重 (zāi nàn shēn zhòng)"
deeply afflicted by disasters
那个地区灾难深重。
formal"消灾解难 (xiāo zāi jiě nàn)"
to avert disaster and mitigate calamity
人们祈祷消灾解难。
neutral"受灾 (shòu zāi)"
to suffer from a disaster
许多人受灾。
neutral"灾后重建 (zāi hòu chóng jiàn)"
post-disaster reconstruction
政府正在进行灾后重建。
formal"酿成灾害 (niàng chéng zāi hài)"
to cause a disaster
人为失误酿成了灾害。
formal"飞来横祸 (fēi lái hèng huò)"
unexpected disaster; sudden misfortune
他遭遇了飞来横祸。
neutral"避灾 (bì zāi)"
to avoid disaster
人们开始避灾。
neutral"灾情 (zāi qíng)"
disaster situation
最新的灾情报告。
formal"以防万一 (yǐ fáng wàn yī)"
just in case (of disaster or accident)
我们应该准备好，以防万一。
neutralFacile à confondre
Often confused with similar words that describe unfortunate events or problems, but '灾害' specifically refers to natural or man-made calamities with widespread destructive effects.
'灾害' denotes a significant, usually large-scale event causing severe damage, loss, or suffering.
地震是一种自然<b>灾害</b>。(Earthquakes are a natural <b>disaster</b>.)
Very similar in meaning to '灾害' and often used interchangeably, but '灾难' can sometimes carry a stronger sense of personal tragedy or a more dramatic, catastrophic event.
While both mean disaster, '灾难' might emphasize the catastrophic and tragic aspects more, applicable to both large-scale events and profound personal misfortunes.
那场火灾真是一场巨大的<b>灾难</b>。(That fire was a huge <b>calamity</b>.)
Refers to an unexpected and undesirable event, but it's generally on a smaller scale and often implies human error or malfunction, rather than a natural force.
'事故' is typically an accident, often localized and preventable, like a car crash or a work incident, whereas '灾害' is a larger, more impactful event.
火车发生了<b>事故</b>，造成了多人受伤。(A train <b>accident</b> occurred, causing many injuries.)
Means trouble or inconvenience. While it's an undesirable situation, it's far less severe and impactful than a '灾害'.
'麻烦' describes minor problems or annoyances that are inconvenient, not life-threatening or widely destructive like a '灾害'.
给你添<b>麻烦</b>了。(Sorry to cause you <b>trouble</b>.)
Means difficulty or hardship. This refers to challenges or obstacles, which can be personal or systemic, but doesn't imply a destructive event.
'困难' refers to challenges or hardships one faces, which can be overcome, unlike a '灾害' which is a destructive event that occurs.
我们遇到了很多<b>困难</b>。(We encountered many <b>difficulties</b>.)
Structures de phrases
这 是 一场 [灾害]。
这 是一场 灾害。 (Zhè shì yī chǎng zāihài.) - This is a disaster.
那 是 一场 [灾害]。
那 是一场 灾害。 (Nà shì yī chǎng zāihài.) - That is a disaster.
我们 遇到 了 [灾害]。
我们 遇到了 灾害。 (Wǒmen yùdào le zāihài.) - We encountered a disaster.
[灾害] 发生 了。
灾害 发生了。 (Zāihài fāshēng le.) - A disaster occurred.
这个 地方 经常 有 [灾害]。
这个 地方 经常 有 灾害。 (Zhège dìfāng jīngcháng yǒu zāihài.) - This place often has disasters.
[灾害] 造成 了 很多 损失。
灾害 造成 了 很多 损失。 (Zāihài zàochéng le hěn duō sǔnshī.) - The disaster caused a lot of damage.
预防 [灾害] 很 重要。
预防 灾害 很 重要。 (Yùfáng zāihài hěn zhòngyào.) - Preventing disasters is very important.
我们 应该 帮助 经历 [灾害] 的 人。
我们 应该 帮助 经历 灾害 的 人。 (Wǒmen yīnggāi bāngzhù jīnglì zāihài de rén.) - We should help people who experienced a disaster.
Comment l'utiliser
When talking about a natural disaster like an earthquake, flood, or typhoon, you can use 灾害 (zāihài).
For example, you could say: 这次地震造成了巨大的灾害。(Zhè cì dìzhèn zàochéng le jùdà de zāihài.) This earthquake caused a huge disaster.
You can also use it for man-made disasters, like an accident with many casualties. For example: 这场火灾是一场人为的灾害。(Zhè chǎng huǒzāi shì yī chǎng rénwéi de zāihài.) This fire was a man-made disaster.
You might also hear it in phrases like 自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài), meaning natural disaster, or 防灾减灾 (fáng zāi jiǎn zāi), meaning disaster prevention and mitigation.
A common mistake is to confuse 灾害 (zāihài) with 灾难 (zāinàn). While both mean disaster, 灾难 often implies a more catastrophic and personal tragedy, while 灾害 is more about the event itself and its impact.
For example, if a family loses everything in a flood, that's a 灾难 for them. The flood itself, in terms of its general impact on the region, would be a 灾害.
Don't use 灾害 to talk about small misfortunes or bad luck. For those, you'd use words like 倒霉 (dǎoméi) or 不幸 (bùxìng).
Astuces
Basic Meaning of 灾害
The word 灾害 (zāihài) directly translates to disaster or calamity. It's a general term for serious, large-scale problems caused by natural events or human actions.
Natural Disasters
Often, 灾害 refers to natural disasters. Think of things like earthquakes, floods, or typhoons. You can add specific natural phenomena before it, like 地震 (dìzhèn - earthquake) 灾害.
Human-Made Disasters
It can also describe disasters caused by humans, such as accidents or pollution. For example, 污染 (wūrǎn - pollution) 灾害.
Common Usage with 发生 (to happen)
You'll frequently see 灾害 used with the verb 发生 (fāshēng), meaning to happen or to occur. So, 发生灾害 means a disaster occurs.
Examples: Natural Disaster
去年这里发生了一场自然灾害。 (Qùnián zhèlǐ fāshēng le yī chǎng zìrán zāihài.) -> Last year, a natural disaster happened here.
Examples: Serious Disaster
这是一场严重的灾害。 (Zhè shì yī chǎng yánzhòng de zāihài.) -> This is a serious disaster.
Related Term: 灾难 (zāinàn)
A very similar word is 灾难 (zāinàn). While both mean disaster, 灾难 can sometimes carry a stronger sense of tragedy or misfortune, often used in a more emotional context. For A1, 灾害 is a solid start.
Formal Context
灾害 is a more formal term, often used in news reports, government statements, or official discussions about disasters and their management.
Action verbs with 灾害
You can use verbs like 预防 (yùfáng - to prevent) or 减轻 (jiǎnqīng - to alleviate) with 灾害. For example, 预防灾害 (to prevent disasters).
Remember the Two Characters
Break down the characters: 灾 (zāi) means disaster, misfortune. 害 (hài) means harm, damage. Together, they clearly convey the meaning of disaster or calamity.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a big **ZAI** (zai, like 'sigh') of relief after surviving a **HAI** (hai, like 'high') wave of **disaster**. So, 灾害 (zāihài) means disaster.
Association visuelle
Picture a scene of utter chaos and destruction. Perhaps a building is crumbling, a flood is raging, or a fire is engulfing a forest. This dramatic, impactful image is your visual anchor for 灾害 (zāihài). The stronger and more vivid the image, the better it will stick.
Word Web
Défi
Think about recent news stories or events you've heard about. Can you describe a disaster using 灾害 (zāihài) in a simple sentence? For example: 这场地震是一个很大的灾害。(Zhè chǎng dìzhèn shì yīgè hěn dà de zāihài.) - This earthquake was a very big disaster.
Origine du mot
The character '灾' (zāi) originally depicted a flood or a conflagration. The character '害' (hài) means harm or damage. Together, they form a compound indicating a harmful event of great scale.
Sens originel : A destructive event causing widespread damage and suffering.
Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic languages, ChineseContexte culturel
Natural disasters like floods and earthquakes have historically played a significant role in shaping Chinese society and culture. There's a strong emphasis on resilience and community support in the face of such events. The concept of '天灾人祸' (tiānzāi rénhuò), meaning 'natural calamities and man-made misfortunes,' is a common expression reflecting a holistic view of disaster.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
natural disasters
- 自然灾害 (natural disaster)
- 预防灾害 (prevent disasters)
- 减少灾害损失 (reduce disaster losses)
man-made disasters
- 人为灾害 (man-made disaster)
- 避免人为灾害 (avoid man-made disasters)
- 人为造成的灾害 (disasters caused by humans)
economic disasters
- 经济灾害 (economic disaster)
- 金融危机是一场经济灾害 (financial crisis is an economic disaster)
- 避免经济灾害 (avoid economic disasters)
dealing with disasters
- 灾害管理 (disaster management)
- 应对灾害 (respond to disasters)
- 灾害救援 (disaster relief)
impact of disasters
- 灾害影响 (disaster impact)
- 灾害造成的破坏 (damage caused by disasters)
- 灾害恢复 (disaster recovery)
Amorces de conversation
"你觉得最可怕的自然灾害是什么？ (What do you think is the most terrifying natural disaster?)"
"你有没有经历过什么灾害？ (Have you ever experienced any disasters?)"
"我们能做些什么来预防灾害发生？ (What can we do to prevent disasters from happening?)"
"政府在灾害管理方面做得怎么样？ (How is the government doing in disaster management?)"
"你认为人类活动对自然灾害有影响吗？ (Do you think human activities affect natural disasters?)"
Sujets d'écriture
描述一次你听过的灾害，并思考人们是如何应对的。 (Describe a disaster you've heard about and reflect on how people dealt with it.)
如果你的城市发生灾害，你会如何准备？ (If a disaster happened in your city, how would you prepare?)
写下你对全球变暖与自然灾害之间关系的看法。 (Write down your thoughts on the relationship between global warming and natural disasters.)
设想一下，如果没有任何灾害，我们的世界会是什么样子？ (Imagine what our world would be like without any disasters.)
你认为灾害给我们带来了哪些教训？ (What lessons do you think disasters have taught us?)
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsThe word for 'disaster' or 'calamity' in Chinese is 灾害 (zāihài). It's a noun and is commonly used to refer to both natural and man-made disasters.
Sure! You could say:
地震造成了严重的灾害。
(Dìzhèn zàochéngle yánzhòng de zāihài.)
This means: The earthquake caused a severe disaster.
Yes, 灾害 is a very common and practical word. You'll hear it in news reports, discussions about current events, and when talking about emergencies or unfortunate events.
Absolutely! 灾害 is a broad term. You can combine it with other words to specify the type, like 自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) for 'natural disaster' or 旱灾 (hànzāi) for 'drought disaster'.
灾害 is considered an A1 level word in the CEFR framework. This means it's a fundamental word that beginners should learn early on.
The pinyin for 灾害 is zāihài. 'Zāi' is a first tone (high and flat), and 'hài' is a fourth tone (falling).
You can listen to its pronunciation online or use an app to practice.
While 灾害 often refers to large-scale events, it can also be used in a more general sense for significant misfortunes or calamitous situations, even if they are personal, though less common than for large events.
灾害 is already quite straightforward. For A1 level, focusing on this specific term is best. As you progress, you'll learn more nuanced words.
That's a good question! 灾害 (zāihài) generally refers to large-scale disasters, often natural or with widespread impact. 事故 (shìgù) means 'accident' and is typically used for smaller, often man-made incidents, like a car accident (交通事故 - jiāotōng shìgù).
Certainly!
预防自然灾害很重要。
(Yùfáng zìrán zāihài hěn zhòngyào.)
This means: Preventing natural disasters is very important.
Teste-toi 120 questions
昨天晚上这里发生了很大的___。
The sentence talks about something 'big' happening last night. '灾害' (disaster) fits the context of something significant and often negative. '好' (good) and '吃' (eat) do not fit. '去' (go) is also incorrect.
下雨天常常会带来一些自然___。
The sentence says 'rainy days often bring some natural ___'. '灾害' (disasters) fits as natural disasters are often related to weather. '衣服' (clothes), '朋友' (friends), and '书' (books) do not fit.
我们应该帮助那些受到___影响的人。
The sentence means 'we should help those affected by ___'. '灾害' (disaster) fits, as people are often affected by disasters. '开心' (happy) is an adjective, '睡觉' (sleep) is a verb, and '水' (water) doesn't fit the context as well.
这个地方经常发生地震，是一种自然___。
The sentence describes earthquakes as a 'natural ___'. '灾害' (disaster) is the correct word here, as earthquakes are natural disasters. '商店' (shop), '学校' (school), and '家' (home) are all incorrect.
我们看到了新闻，说有很多森林火灾，这是一种环境___。
The sentence talks about 'forest fires' and describes them as an 'environmental ___'. '灾害' (disaster) fits perfectly. '苹果' (apple), '笔' (pen), and '桌子' (table) are unrelated.
暴风雨是一种常见的自然___。
The sentence states 'storm is a common natural ___'. '灾害' (disaster) is the correct word to complete this sentence, as storms are natural disasters. '饭' (rice/meal), '朋友' (friend), and '衣服' (clothes) do not fit the context.
Earthquakes are natural...
This fire was a big...
We should help people in...
Read this aloud:
避免自然灾害。
Focus: zāi hài
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
这是一个大灾害。
Focus: dà zāi hài
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我害怕灾害。
Focus: zāi hài
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence about a natural disaster you know. Use the word '灾害' (zāihài).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
地震是一种自然灾害。 (Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster.)
Imagine a big storm. Write a simple sentence using '灾害' (zāihài) to describe the storm's effect.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这场大风暴造成了很大的灾害。 (This big storm caused a lot of disaster.)
Write a sentence saying 'This year, there were many disasters.' using '灾害' (zāihài).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今年有很多灾害。 (This year had many disasters.)
根据这段文字，洪水是什么？ (According to this text, what is a flood?)
Read this passage:
这个地方去年发生了洪水。洪水是一种自然灾害。很多人失去了家园。
根据这段文字，洪水是什么？ (According to this text, what is a flood?)
文中说“洪水是一种自然灾害”。 (The text says 'floods are a natural disaster'.)
文中说“洪水是一种自然灾害”。 (The text says 'floods are a natural disaster'.)
这段文字主要告诉我们什么？ (What does this text mainly tell us?)
Read this passage:
地震是一种可怕的灾害。它会让房子倒塌。我们要学习如何在地震中保护自己。
这段文字主要告诉我们什么？ (What does this text mainly tell us?)
文中说“地震是一种可怕的灾害”。 (The text says 'earthquakes are a scary disaster'.)
文中说“地震是一种可怕的灾害”。 (The text says 'earthquakes are a scary disaster'.)
什么季节容易发生森林火灾？ (What season are forest fires likely to occur?)
Read this passage:
森林火灾也是一种灾害。夏天天气很热，火灾容易发生。我们要小心用火。
什么季节容易发生森林火灾？ (What season are forest fires likely to occur?)
文中提到“夏天天气很热，火灾容易发生”。 (The text mentions 'summer weather is very hot, fires are easy to occur'.)
文中提到“夏天天气很热，火灾容易发生”。 (The text mentions 'summer weather is very hot, fires are easy to occur'.)
This sentence means 'Earthquake is a natural disaster.' The correct order is to state the subject (earthquake), then the verb (is), then the type (a natural disaster).
This sentence means 'This area often experiences flood disasters.' The structure is 'Subject (this area) + Adverb (often) + Verb (experience) + Object (flood disasters).'
This sentence means 'They helped each other in the disaster.' The prepositional phrase '在灾害中' (in the disaster) comes before the main verb '互相帮助' (helped each other).
地震是一种自然__。
地震 (dìzhèn) means earthquake. Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster (自然灾害).
台风给这个城市带来了很大的__。
台风 (táifēng) means typhoon. Typhoons often bring great disaster (很大的灾害) to cities.
我们应该学习如何预防__。
预防 (yùfáng) means to prevent. It's important to learn how to prevent disasters (预防灾害).
这次洪水造成了严重的__。
洪水 (hóngshuǐ) means flood. Floods often cause serious disasters (严重的灾害).
政府正在努力减少__的影响。
政府 (zhèngfǔ) means government. The government works to reduce the impact of disasters (灾害的影响).
很多国家都有专门应对自然__的机构。
机构 (jīgòu) means organization or agency. Many countries have agencies specifically for dealing with natural disasters (自然灾害).
Write a short sentence describing a natural disaster using '灾害'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
地震是一种自然灾害，对人类社会影响很大。(Earthquake is a natural disaster, which has a great impact on human society.)
Imagine you are reporting on a recent disaster. Write one sentence about how people are affected, using '灾害'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这场灾害给当地人民的生活带来了很大的困难。(This disaster brought great difficulties to the lives of the local people.)
Write a sentence suggesting a way to prevent or mitigate the impact of a disaster, using '灾害'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我们应该加强预防，减少自然灾害带来的损失。(We should strengthen prevention to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters.)
文章中提到的“灾害”是什么？
Read this passage:
最近，这里发生了一场洪水灾害。很多房屋被毁，人们失去了家园。政府正在组织救援，帮助受灾的人们。
文章中提到的“灾害”是什么？
文章中明确提到了“洪水灾害”。
文章中明确提到了“洪水灾害”。
根据文章，什么可能导致更多自然灾害的发生？
Read this passage:
全球变暖可能导致更多自然灾害的发生，比如极端天气和海平面上升。我们需要共同努力，保护我们的地球。
根据文章，什么可能导致更多自然灾害的发生？
文章中提到“全球变暖可能导致更多自然灾害的发生”。
文章中提到“全球变暖可能导致更多自然灾害的发生”。
文章建议我们如何应对未来的“灾害”？
Read this passage:
为了应对未来的灾害，我们应该提前做好准备，例如准备应急包和学习逃生知识。这样可以在灾害发生时保护自己和家人。
文章建议我们如何应对未来的“灾害”？
文章中提到“我们应该提前做好准备”。
文章中提到“我们应该提前做好准备”。
This sentence means 'Earthquakes are a type of natural disaster.' The correct order is subject (地震) + verb (是) + quantifier (一种) + adjective (自然) + noun (灾害).
This sentence means 'We should prepare for disasters.' The structure is subject (我们) + auxiliary verb (应该) + prepositional phrase (为灾害) + verb phrase (做好准备).
This sentence means 'This area often suffers from flood disasters.' The structure is subject (这个地区) + adverb (经常) + verb (遭受) + object (水灾灾害).
洪水给那个村庄带来了巨大的___。
“灾害”是表示自然或人为的灾祸，这里指洪水造成的破坏。
地震是一种常见的自然___。
“灾害”常用来指自然界发生的、对人类造成损害的事件。
我们应该学习如何应对各种自然___。
“灾害”在这里泛指各种自然界发生的具有破坏性的事件。
这次森林火灾造成的___是巨大的。
“灾害”常用于形容由于自然或人为因素引起的严重损害。
全球变暖可能导致更多的极端天气___。
“灾害”在这里指极端天气带来的破坏性影响。
政府正在采取措施减少自然___带来的损失。
“灾害”是表示自然或人为的灾祸，这里指自然界发生的破坏性事件。
This flood caused a huge disaster.
Natural disasters are unavoidable.
The earthquake brought serious disaster.
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: “那场地震给当地居民带来了巨大的___。”
The sentence talks about the impact of an earthquake, which is typically negative. '灾害' (disaster) fits this context perfectly. '愉快' (pleasant), '成功' (success), and '发展' (development) do not make sense in this context.
Which of the following describes a situation that could be called a '灾害'?
'灾害' refers to a disaster or calamity. A sudden flood (一场突如其来的洪水) is a natural disaster. The other options describe positive or neutral events.
Select the sentence where '灾害' is used correctly.
'灾害' means disaster or calamity. It is appropriate to learn lessons from historical disasters. The other sentences misuse the word '灾害' in an illogical or grammatically incorrect way.
“台风是一种自然灾害。” (A typhoon is a natural disaster.)
Typhoons are indeed a type of natural disaster, causing significant damage and disruption.
“一场突如其来的大雪可以被称为一次灾害。” (A sudden heavy snowfall can be called a disaster.)
Heavy snowfalls, especially if unexpected or severe, can cause significant problems like power outages and traffic disruption, making them a type of disaster.
“获得一等奖是一件灾害。” (Winning first prize is a disaster.)
Winning first prize is typically a positive event, not a disaster. '灾害' refers to a calamity or misfortune.
The speaker is talking about natural disasters and preparation.
The speaker is discussing the impact of an earthquake on residents.
The government is taking steps to mitigate future disaster losses.
Read this aloud:
请你用“灾害”造一个句子，描述一种自然灾害。
Focus: zai1 hai4
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
你认为人类活动是否会加剧某些灾害的发生？请解释你的看法。
Focus: jia1 ju4 zai1 hai4
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
如果你的家乡遭遇了一场灾害，你觉得最重要的是什么？
Focus: zao1 yu4 zai1 hai4
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine a natural disaster happened in your city. Describe what kind of disaster it was, its immediate impact, and what people did to help each other.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
去年，我们城市经历了一场严重的洪涝灾害。大水淹没了街道和房屋，许多人无家可归。但是，市民们互相帮助，志愿者们也积极参与救援工作，展现了团结的力量。
Discuss the importance of disaster preparedness in modern society. What measures can individuals and governments take to mitigate the risks and impact of disasters?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
在现代社会，灾害防备至关重要。个人可以准备应急物资、了解疏散路线。政府则应加强基础设施建设、完善预警系统，并进行灾害演练，以最大程度地减少灾害带来的损失和影响。
Compare and contrast two different types of natural disasters. Discuss their causes, characteristics, and the unique challenges they pose to communities.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
地震和洪水是两种常见的自然灾害。地震是由地壳运动引起的，破坏性强且难以预测，其主要挑战是建筑物倒塌和人员伤亡。而洪水通常由强降雨或河流决堤造成，导致农田淹没和交通中断，其挑战在于如何有效疏散人群和防止疾病传播。
根据文章内容，下列哪项是正确的？
Read this passage:
近日，X国发生了一场罕见的地震灾害，导致大量房屋倒塌，交通中断。政府迅速启动应急预案，组织救援队前往灾区。同时，国际社会也伸出援手，向X国提供了紧急援助物资。灾民们在临时安置点得到了妥善照顾。
根据文章内容，下列哪项是正确的？
文章中明确提到“地震灾害，导致大量房屋倒塌，交通中断”。
文章中明确提到“地震灾害，导致大量房屋倒塌，交通中断”。
这篇文章主要讨论了什么？
Read this passage:
全球气候变化导致极端天气事件频发，自然灾害的种类和强度都在增加。例如，一些地区经历了前所未有的干旱，而另一些地区则遭受了毁灭性的洪灾。这给全球经济和社会发展带来了严峻挑战。
这篇文章主要讨论了什么？
文章主旨是气候变化导致极端天气，进而使自然灾害增多和增强。
文章主旨是气候变化导致极端天气，进而使自然灾害增多和增强。
根据文章，提高公众防灾意识和应对能力的主要方式是什么？
Read this passage:
面对突发的自然灾害，公众的应急知识和自救能力至关重要。许多政府和非政府组织定期举办灾害演习和培训，旨在提高民众的防灾意识和应对能力。这些措施在关键时刻能够有效减少人员伤亡和财产损失。
根据文章，提高公众防灾意识和应对能力的主要方式是什么？
文章明确指出“许多政府和非政府组织定期举办灾害演习和培训，旨在提高民众的防灾意识和应对能力”。
文章明确指出“许多政府和非政府组织定期举办灾害演习和培训，旨在提高民众的防灾意识和应对能力”。
This sentence describes the severe disaster bringing huge losses to local residents. The order follows a natural subject-verb-object structure with modifiers.
This sentence talks about taking measures to prevent the occurrence of natural disasters. The structure is 'subject + auxiliary verb + verb + object + verb phrase'.
This sentence describes people showing strong vitality in the face of sudden disaster. '面对' acts as a prepositional phrase introducing the context.
面对突如其来的自然___，我们必须迅速采取行动，保护人民的生命财产安全。
“灾害”是表示自然或人为造成的损害和不幸，通常指对社会和人类生活造成损失的事件。在这里，与“自然”搭配，指自然界的危害事件。
那场严重的洪水___导致无数人流离失所，家园尽毁。
“洪水灾害”是常见的固定搭配，指由洪水引起的灾难性事件。
政府正在积极组织救援，帮助受___影响的居民重建家园。
“受灾害影响”是常用的表达方式，指受到灾害的冲击和破坏。
气候变化加剧了全球范围内的极端天气___，对生态环境造成了巨大威胁。
“极端天气灾害”是指由极端天气现象引起的灾害，例如干旱、洪涝、风暴等。
在地震___面前，人类显得如此渺小，但我们仍然要团结一心，共渡难关。
“地震灾害”是常见的搭配，指地震造成的损害和不幸。
面对日益频繁的自然___，我们需要加强防范意识，提高应急响应能力。
“自然灾害”是指自然界发生的异常现象，对人类社会造成危害的事件。
面对全球气候变暖带来的极端天气，我们必须采取有效措施以避免未来可能发生的巨大___。
Contextually, 'extreme weather' leads to 'disasters'. '障碍' (obstacle), '危害' (harm/danger), and '困境' (predicament) don't fit as well as the direct result of climate change impacts.
政府紧急调拨物资，以应对地震后受灾地区人民的急迫需求，防止次生___的发生。
After a primary disaster like an earthquake, there's a risk of 'secondary disasters' (次生灾害), such as epidemics or further collapses. '事件' (incident), '问题' (problem), and '影响' (influence/effect) are too general.
由于连续干旱，农作物大面积减产，这无疑给当地经济带来了沉重的___。
A widespread crop failure due to drought can be considered an agricultural 'disaster' (农业灾害), directly impacting the economy. While '打击' (blow) or '负担' (burden) are related, '灾害' better describes the scale and nature of the agricultural loss.
在应对重大自然灾害时，国际合作与信息共享至关重要，能有效提升救援效率。
International cooperation and information sharing are indeed crucial for effective disaster response, as they facilitate resource allocation and coordinated efforts, thus improving rescue efficiency.
人为因素导致的工业事故，虽然造成了巨大损失，但通常不被归类为“灾害”。
Human-caused industrial accidents, especially those with significant damage and casualties, are frequently categorized as 'disasters' (如：工业灾害、人为灾害), alongside natural ones. The term '灾害' encompasses both natural and man-made calamities.
随着科技的进步，我们已经能够完全预测并阻止所有自然灾害的发生。
Despite technological advancements, it's currently impossible to fully predict and prevent all natural disasters. We can improve early warning systems and mitigation strategies, but complete prevention remains beyond our capabilities.
Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) about a time you experienced or heard about a natural disaster, using the word "灾害". Describe its impact.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
去年我们家乡遭遇了一场严重的自然灾害——洪水。这场灾害给当地居民带来了巨大的经济损失和精神创伤。许多房屋被冲毁，农田也被淹没。人们生活受到了严重影响，灾后重建工作非常艰巨。
Imagine you are a government official. Write a brief public announcement (3-4 sentences) addressing the aftermath of a major disaster, using "灾害" and emphasizing relief efforts.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
各位市民，近期发生的特大自然灾害给我们的城市带来了严峻的挑战。政府将全力以赴进行救援工作，确保受灾群众的基本生活需求。我们正在组织力量进行灾后重建，希望大家团结一致，共渡难关。
Describe the difference between a natural disaster and a man-made disaster using the word "灾害" in your explanation. (3-4 sentences)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
自然灾害是由自然因素引起的，例如地震、洪水、台风等，这些灾害通常是人类无法控制的。而人为灾害，顾名思义，是由于人类活动造成的，比如核泄漏、环境污染或恐怖袭击。尽管成因不同，这两种灾害都会给社会带来巨大的损失和负面影响。
根据文章，为什么自然灾害的强度和频率增加了？
Read this passage:
近些年，全球气候变暖导致极端天气事件频发，自然灾害的强度和频率都有所增加。例如，一些地区经历了前所未有的干旱，另一些地区则遭受了毁灭性的洪涝。这些灾害不仅造成了巨大的经济损失，也对人们的生命财产安全构成了严重威胁。面对日益严峻的挑战，国际社会需要加强合作，共同应对气候变化带来的灾害。
根据文章，为什么自然灾害的强度和频率增加了？
文章明确指出“全球气候变暖导致极端天气事件频发，自然灾害的强度和频率都有所增加”。
文章明确指出“全球气候变暖导致极端天气事件频发，自然灾害的强度和频率都有所增加”。
在地震发生时，以下哪项不是保护自身安全的正确做法？
Read this passage:
地震是一种突发的自然灾害，其破坏力巨大。在地震发生时，保护自身安全至关重要。首先，要迅速躲到坚固的家具下面或墙角，并用手或物品保护头部。其次，远离窗户、镜子和高大的家具，以防被掉落的物品砸伤。地震结束后，应听从应急指挥，有序撤离到安全地带。
在地震发生时，以下哪项不是保护自身安全的正确做法？
文章建议“迅速躲到坚固的家具下面或墙角”，并提及地震结束后才“有序撤离”，因此立即跑出建筑物并非首要的正确做法。
文章建议“迅速躲到坚固的家具下面或墙角”，并提及地震结束后才“有序撤离”，因此立即跑出建筑物并非首要的正确做法。
根据文章，除了房屋倒塌和农田被淹，洪水灾害还可能引发什么？
Read this passage:
洪水是最常见的自然灾害之一，通常由持续强降雨或冰雪融化引起。洪水灾害不仅会导致房屋倒塌、农田被淹，还可能引发泥石流和山体滑坡等次生灾害。为了有效防范洪水，各地政府会修建水利工程，并提前发布预警信息。居民也应学习防洪知识，提高自救互救能力。
根据文章，除了房屋倒塌和农田被淹，洪水灾害还可能引发什么？
文章明确指出“洪水灾害不仅会导致房屋倒塌、农田被淹，还可能引发泥石流和山体滑坡等次生灾害”。
文章明确指出“洪水灾害不仅会导致房屋倒塌、农田被淹，还可能引发泥石流和山体滑坡等次生灾害”。
This sentence describes how the snow disaster brought great calamity to local residents. The order of words is crucial for conveying this meaning correctly.
This sentence emphasizes the importance of raising disaster prevention awareness to minimize losses from natural disasters.
This sentence explains that the government is taking measures to help rebuild areas affected by the disaster.
面对突如其来的自然___，我们必须团结一致，共同应对。
这句话在谈论自然界发生的严重破坏，因此“灾害”是最佳选择。
全球气候变暖可能导致更多极端天气___，对人类社会造成巨大影响。
“极端天气灾害”是一个常见的搭配，表示由极端天气引起的严重破坏。
这次地震给当地居民带来了巨大的___，许多房屋被毁，人员伤亡惨重。
地震造成了严重的破坏和人员伤亡，这正符合“灾害”的定义。
政府正在采取措施，以减轻自然___对农业生产的影响。
这里指的是自然界对农业造成的破坏，所以用“灾害”最准确。
人类活动对环境的破坏，最终可能导致生态___的发生。
生态灾害是指生态系统遭受严重破坏的情况，符合语境。
在经历了严重的洪涝___后，灾区人民开始了重建家园的工作。
“洪涝灾害”特指由洪水泛滥造成的灾难。
Choose the most appropriate synonym for “灾害” in the following sentence: “全球气候变化正在加剧自然灾害的频率和强度。”
“灾祸” (zāihuò) is a close synonym for “灾害” (zāihài), both referring to disasters or calamities. The other options are antonyms or unrelated concepts.
Which of the following phrases best describes the aftermath of a severe “灾害”?
“百废待兴” (bǎifèi dàixīng) means 'a hundred things waiting to be done after a disaster,' aptly describing the recovery period. The other options describe prosperous or peaceful conditions.
In the context of international aid, what does “减少灾害风险” primarily aim to achieve?
“减少灾害风险” (jiǎnshǎo zāihài fēngxiǎn) focuses on building resilience and capacity to respond to disasters, not necessarily eliminating them or forcing relocation. Predicting all disasters is not feasible.
“防患于未然” means to prevent disaster before it happens, which is an effective approach to managing “灾害”。
“防患于未然” (fánghuàn yú wèirán) directly translates to 'prevent trouble before it happens,' which aligns perfectly with proactive disaster management.
After a major “灾害”， governments typically provide limited humanitarian assistance to affected areas.
Following a major disaster, governments usually mobilize significant resources and provide extensive humanitarian assistance, not limited aid.
The term “次生灾害” refers to smaller, less significant disasters that occur independently of a primary “灾害”。
“次生灾害” (cìshēng zāihài) refers to secondary disasters that are triggered by or result from a primary disaster, not independent ones. For example, landslides after an earthquake.
Describe a major natural disaster that has occurred in your country, detailing its impact and the recovery efforts. Use '灾害' at least twice.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
近年来，我国经历了一场严重的自然灾害，即2008年的汶川大地震。这场灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失，对当地社会经济发展产生了深远影响。然而，全国人民团结一心，积极投入到救援和重建工作中，展现了强大的抗灾精神。通过政府和民间的共同努力，灾区逐渐恢复了生机。
Discuss the long-term psychological effects that people might experience after surviving a catastrophic disaster. Integrate the word '灾害' into your response.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
经历灾害后，幸存者可能会面临严重的心理创伤，例如焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）等。这些心理影响往往是长期的，甚至可能伴随一生。因此，在灾害后的恢复阶段，除了物质援助，提供专业的心理咨询和精神支持同样至关重要，帮助他们走出阴霾，重建生活。
Imagine you are a government official drafting a speech about disaster preparedness. Write an excerpt emphasizing the importance of community involvement in mitigating the impact of potential disasters. Ensure to use '灾害' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
各位市民，应对各类自然灾害，除了政府的努力，社区的积极参与同样是不可或缺的一环。我们必须认识到，有效的灾害预防和响应需要我们每个人的共同努力。只有通过社区成员之间的紧密合作，建立完善的应急体系，我们才能最大限度地减少灾害带来的损失，保护我们的家园和生命财产安全。
根据这段文字，导致自然灾害日益频繁的主要原因是什么？
Read this passage:
全球气候变化加剧了极端天气事件的频率和强度，导致自然灾害日益频繁。洪水、干旱、飓风等灾害给人类社会带来了巨大挑战。如何有效应对这些灾害，成为了国际社会共同关注的焦点。科学家们正在积极研究预警系统和防灾技术，以期降低灾害造成的损失。
根据这段文字，导致自然灾害日益频繁的主要原因是什么？
文章明确指出“全球气候变化加剧了极端天气事件的频率和强度，导致自然灾害日益频繁”。
文章明确指出“全球气候变化加剧了极端天气事件的频率和强度，导致自然灾害日益频繁”。
这段文字主要表达了什么观点？
Read this passage:
每一次重大灾害都会引发我们对生命脆弱性的深思。从地震中倒塌的房屋到海啸中被吞噬的村庄，这些惨痛的教训促使我们不断改进防灾减灾措施。然而，除了物质层面的重建，心灵的修复同样重要，帮助受灾民众走出阴影，重拾生活的信心。
这段文字主要表达了什么观点？
文章强调了“除了物质层面的重建，心灵的修复同样重要”，表明了对灾害影响的全面认识。
文章强调了“除了物质层面的重建，心灵的修复同样重要”，表明了对灾害影响的全面认识。
根据这段文字，除了应急响应机制，哪些因素对于应对灾害同样重要？
Read this passage:
面对突如其来的自然灾害，应急响应机制的效率至关重要。快速的救援行动、有效的物资调配以及信息的及时发布，都能在很大程度上减少人员伤亡和财产损失。同时，公众的防灾意识和自救互救能力也是应对灾害的关键组成部分。
根据这段文字，除了应急响应机制，哪些因素对于应对灾害同样重要？
文章指出“公众的防灾意识和自救互救能力也是应对灾害的关键组成部分”。
文章指出“公众的防灾意识和自救互救能力也是应对灾害的关键组成部分”。
/ 120 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Understanding 灾害 (zāihài) helps you talk about impactful events, both natural and man-made, in Chinese.
- 灾害 (zāihài) means disaster or calamity.
- It refers to events causing significant damage or suffering.
- Examples include natural disasters like floods or earthquakes.
Basic Meaning of 灾害
The word 灾害 (zāihài) directly translates to disaster or calamity. It's a general term for serious, large-scale problems caused by natural events or human actions.
Natural Disasters
Often, 灾害 refers to natural disasters. Think of things like earthquakes, floods, or typhoons. You can add specific natural phenomena before it, like 地震 (dìzhèn - earthquake) 灾害.
Human-Made Disasters
It can also describe disasters caused by humans, such as accidents or pollution. For example, 污染 (wūrǎn - pollution) 灾害.
Common Usage with 发生 (to happen)
You'll frequently see 灾害 used with the verb 发生 (fāshēng), meaning to happen or to occur. So, 发生灾害 means a disaster occurs.
