A1 Verb System 4 min read आसान

फारसी साधारण भूतकाल: मैंने किया, वह गया (-am, -i, -)

To speak in the past, drop the 'an' from any verb and add your personal ending.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The simple past describes completed actions; just add the correct personal ending to the past stem of the verb.

  • Find the past stem by removing '-an' from the infinitive (e.g., raftan -> raft).
  • Add the personal ending: -am, -i, - (none), -im, -id, -and.
  • For negatives, add the prefix 'na-' to the beginning of the verb.
Past Stem + Personal Ending = Completed Action (e.g., رفت + م = رفتم)

Overview

क्या आपको लगता है कि अंग्रेजी का पास्ट टेंस बहुत कठिन है? bought और caught जैसे शब्दों के बारे में सोचें। फारसी बहुत आसान है। 'Simple Past' आपकी फारसी यात्रा की नींव है। इसी तरह आप अपने दोस्तों को अपने सप्ताहांत के बारे में बताते हैं। फारसी में, पास्ट टेंस बहुत नियमित है। एक बार जब आप क्रिया का past stem ढूंढ लेते हैं, तो आपका 90% काम हो जाता है। यह लेगो (LEGO) ब्लॉक के साथ खेलने जैसा है।

How This Grammar Works

हर फारसी क्रिया की एक गुप्त पहचान होती है: 'infinitive'। ये हमेशा an (ـن) पर समाप्त होते हैं। पास्ट टेंस बनाने के लिए, हमें बस उस अंत को हटाना होगा। जो बचता है वह past stem है। उदाहरण के लिए, raftan (जाना) raft बन जाता है। यह स्टेम आपका गोल्डन टिकट है। फारसी में स्टेम हर व्यक्ति के लिए एक जैसा रहता है। आप बस अंत में एक छोटा प्रत्यय (suffix) जोड़ते हैं।

Formation Pattern

1
इन तीन आसान चरणों का पालन करें:
2
'Infinitive' से शुरू करें, जैसे khordan (खाना)।
3
पास्ट स्टेम प्राप्त करने के लिए अंतिम an (ـن) को हटा दें: khord (خورد)।
4
स्टेम में व्यक्तिगत अंत जोड़ें:
5
मैं: -am -> khordam (मैंने खाया)
6
तुम: -i -> khordi (तुमने खाया)
7
वह: कोई अंत नहीं -> khord (उसने खाया)
8
हम: -im -> khordim (हमने खाया)
9
आप (बहुवचन/औपचारिक): -id -> khordid (आपने खाया)
10
वे: -and -> khordand (उन्होंने खाया)
11
तीसरा व्यक्ति एकवचन (वह) केवल स्टेम है। यह बहुत आसान है!

When To Use It

इसका उपयोग किसी भी ऐसे कार्य के लिए करें जो पूरा हो चुका है।
  • सोशल मीडिया: «मैंने एक स्टोरी पोस्ट की» (estori gozashtam)।
  • दैनिक कार्य: «मैंने रोटी खरीदी» (nan kharidam)।
  • नेटफ्लिक्स: «मैंने पूरा सीजन देखा» (tamam-e fasl-o didam)।

Common Mistakes

सबसे आम गलती तीसरे व्यक्ति एकवचन (वह) में अंत जोड़ने की कोशिश करना है। raft-esh न कहें, बस raft कहें। अजनबियों से बात करते समय विनम्र होने के लिए बहुवचन -id का उपयोग करना न भूलें।

Contrast With Similar Patterns

फारसी में 'Simple Past' (raftam) और 'Present Perfect' (rafte-am) दोनों होते हैं। यदि आप अभी शुरुआत कर रहे हैं, तो 'Simple Past' का ही उपयोग करें। इसे 'Imperfect' के साथ न मिलाएँ जिसमें mi- का उपयोग होता है।

Quick FAQ

प्रश्न: क्या पास्ट स्टेम हमेशा नियमित होता है?
उत्तर: हाँ! बस 'infinitive' से an हटा दें।
प्रश्न: मैं इसे नकारात्मक कैसे बनाऊं?
उत्तर: बस शुरू में na- जोड़ें। naraftam (मैं नहीं गया)।
प्रश्न: क्या मुझे 'man' (मैं) जैसे सर्वनामों का उपयोग करने की आवश्यकता है?
उत्तर: आमतौर पर नहीं, क्रिया का अंत ही सब बता देता है।

Meanings

The simple past is used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.

1

Completed Action

An action that happened and finished in the past.

“او کتاب را خواند”

“ما ناهار خوردیم”

2

Narrative Past

Used in storytelling to sequence events.

“او وارد شد، سلام کرد و نشست”

“خورشید طلوع کرد”

3

Negative Past

Denying an action occurred.

“من نرفتم”

“او نخورد”

Conjugation of 'Raftan' (To Go)

Pronoun Ending Conjugated Form
Man (I) -am Raftam
To (You) -i Rafti
Ou (He/She) none Raft
Ma (We) -im Raftim
Shoma (You pl.) -id Raftid
Anha (They) -and Raftand

Reference Table

Reference table for फारसी साधारण भूतकाल: मैंने किया, वह गया (-am, -i, -)
Person Suffix Example (Raftan - to go)
I (Man) -am raftam (I went)
You (To) -i rafti (You went)
He/She (U) (none) raft (He/She went)
We (Mā) -im raftim (We went)
You pl. (Shomā) -id raftid (You went)
They (Anhā) -and raftand (They went)

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
من به فروشگاه رفتم.

من به فروشگاه رفتم. (Daily errand)

तटस्थ
من به مغازه رفتم.

من به مغازه رفتم. (Daily errand)

अनौपचारिक
رفتم مغازه.

رفتم مغازه. (Daily errand)

बोलचाल
زدم تو کار مغازه.

زدم تو کار مغازه. (Daily errand)

Anatomy of a Past Tense Verb

Past Verb

The Base

  • Past Stem Infinitive minus -an

The Suffixes

  • -am, -i, -im Personal endings

Formal vs. Informal 'You'

Informal (Friends)
rafti you went
Formal (Boss/Elders)
raftid you went (polite)

How to Conjugate

1

Is the subject He/She/It?

YES
Just use the Past Stem (no ending)
NO
Add the specific personal ending
2

Is it negative?

YES
Add 'na-' prefix
NO ↓

Essential Past Stems

🚶

Movement

  • raft (went)
  • āmad (came)
  • resid (arrived)
✍️

Actions

  • khord (ate)
  • did (saw)
  • nevesht (wrote)

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

من دیروز غذا خوردم

I ate food yesterday

2

او به خانه رفت

He went home

3

ما فیلم دیدیم

We watched a movie

4

تو کتاب خواندی

You read a book

1

من دیروز به مدرسه نرفتم

I didn't go to school yesterday

2

آیا تو دیروز کار کردی؟

Did you work yesterday?

3

آنها دیر رسیدند

They arrived late

4

شما چه چیزی خریدید؟

What did you buy?

1

وقتی رسیدم، او رفته بود

When I arrived, he had gone

2

او گفت که دیروز به بازار رفت

He said he went to the market yesterday

3

اگر می‌دانستم، می‌آمدم

If I had known, I would have come

4

او تصمیم گرفت که برود

He decided to go

1

او با دقت نامه را نوشت و امضا کرد

He carefully wrote and signed the letter

2

در آن سال، تغییرات زیادی رخ داد

In that year, many changes occurred

3

او نتوانست حقیقت را بگوید

He could not tell the truth

4

ما به نتیجه نرسیدیم

We did not reach a conclusion

1

او چنان با مهارت سخن گفت که همه تحت تأثیر قرار گرفتند

He spoke with such skill that everyone was impressed

2

او از فرصت استفاده کرد و پیشنهاد داد

He took the opportunity and made a proposal

3

این واقعه مسیر تاریخ را تغییر داد

This event changed the course of history

4

او به ندرت در جلسات شرکت کرد

He rarely participated in the meetings

1

او در آن لحظه به یاد آورد که چه چیزی را فراموش کرده بود

At that moment, he remembered what he had forgotten

2

او با وجود مشکلات، به راه خود ادامه داد

Despite the problems, he continued on his way

3

این تصمیم، سرنوشت او را رقم زد

This decision determined his fate

4

او در نهایت به حقیقت پی برد

He finally realized the truth

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

Persian Simple Past: I Did, He Went (-am, -i, -) बनाम Simple Past vs. Imperfect

Learners often use the simple past for habitual actions.

Persian Simple Past: I Did, He Went (-am, -i, -) बनाम Simple Past vs. Present Perfect

Learners use simple past when the time is not specified.

Persian Simple Past: I Did, He Went (-am, -i, -) बनाम Simple Past vs. Past Progressive

Mixing up completed actions with ongoing past actions.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Raftam-am

Raftam

Don't double the pronoun ending.

Na-raft

Naraft

The negative prefix should be attached.

Raft-i-am

Raftam

Incorrect suffix combination.

Raftan-i

Rafti

Using the infinitive instead of the stem.

Man rafti

Man raftam

Subject-verb agreement error.

Raftam diruz

Diruz raftam

Word order preference.

Naraftam-i

Naraftam

Redundant suffix.

Raftam-e

Raftam

Confusing with present perfect.

Raftam-im

Raftim

Incorrect pluralization.

Naraft-am

Naraftam

Incorrect prefix placement.

Raftam-e-bud

Raftam

Over-complicating the tense.

Raft-e

Raft

Incorrect third-person suffix.

Naraft-e

Naraft

Incorrect negation.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

من دیروز ___ کردم.

آیا تو ___ رفتی؟

ما ___ را ندیدیم.

او گفت که ___ کرد.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

کجا رفتی؟

Job Interview very common

من در آن پروژه کار کردم.

Travel common

من بلیط را خریدم.

Social Media common

امروز خیلی خوش گذشت!

Food Delivery occasional

من پیتزا سفارش دادم.

News Report constant

رئیس جمهور سخنرانی کرد.

🎯

Drop the Pronoun

Persian is a 'pro-drop' language. Since the verb ending tells you who the subject is, you don't need to say 'Man' or 'To' every time. It makes you sound more like a native!
⚠️

The Silent 3rd Person

Remember: He/She (U) never takes an ending in the past tense. If you add one, people will still understand you, but it's a dead giveaway that you're a beginner.
💬

Politeness Matters

Always use the plural 'you' (-id) when talking to someone you don't know well, even if it's just one person. It's the Persian way of being respectful.

Smart Tips

Always learn the infinitive and past stem together.

Learning 'raftan'. Learning 'raftan' (raft).

The 'na-' prefix is always attached.

Na raftam. Naraftam.

Focus on the ending sound.

Raft-am. Raftam.

Use time markers to clarify.

Raftam. Diruz raftam.

उच्चारण

raf-TAM

Stress

Stress usually falls on the last syllable of the stem.

Question

Rafti? ↑

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Remember 'Past is a Blast': Take the stem, add the ending, and you're done!

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a train (the verb) arriving at a station (the past). The passengers (the endings) hop on at the end of the train.

Rhyme

Take the stem and add the bit, now you've made the past of it!

Story

Yesterday, I (raftam) to the store. I (kharidam) bread. I (khordam) lunch. It was a good day.

Word Web

RaftanKhandanKhardanDidanNeveshtanGoftan

चैलेंज

Write 5 sentences about what you did this morning in 5 minutes.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

In casual speech, the final 'd' in 'raftand' is often dropped.

Always use the full 'd' ending in writing.

The simple past is the primary tense for historical narration.

The Persian simple past is derived from the Old Persian past participle.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

دیروز چه کار کردی؟

آخر هفته کجا رفتی؟

اولین باری که به ایران آمدی چه حسی داشتی؟

در دوران کودکی چه بازی‌هایی انجام دادی؟

डायरी विषय

Write about your favorite childhood memory.
Describe your last vacation in detail.
Write a short story about a mysterious event.
Reflect on a major decision you made last year.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'did' (to see/watch).

Man film rā ____. (I watched the movie)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: didam
The suffix for 'I' (Man) is -am. The stem of 'did-an' is 'did'.
Which sentence is correct for 'He went'? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the right option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U raft.
In Persian simple past, the 3rd person singular (He/She) takes no ending.
Fix the mistake in this sentence: 'Mā ghazā khord.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mā ghazā khord.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mā ghazā khordim.
The subject 'Mā' (We) requires the ending -im.

Score: /3

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises
Conjugate 'raftan' for 'I'.

من به خانه ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رفتم
The ending for 'I' is -am.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او نرفتم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او نرفت
Third person singular has no suffix.
Select the correct negative form. बहुविकल्पी

من غذا ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نخوردم
Negative for 'I' is 'na-' + stem + '-am'.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

دیروز / رفتم / من / بازار

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دیروز بازار رفتم
Standard word order is Subject-Time-Object-Verb.
Translate to Persian. अनुवाद

They arrived.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: آنها رسیدند
Third person plural ending is -and.
Match the pronoun to the ending. Match Pairs

Match: Man, To, Ma

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -am, -i, -im
Correct endings for I, You, We.
Which is the past stem? बहुविकल्पी

Infinitive: 'Khandan'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Khand
Remove -an to get the stem.
Conjugate for 'We'.

ما فیلم ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دیدیم
The ending for 'We' is -im.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank: Shomā be Tehrān ____ (You plural arrived). खाली जगह भरो

Shomā be Tehrān ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: residid
Translate to Persian: They read the book. अनुवाद

They read the book. (to read = khāndan, book = ketāb)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Anhā ketāb rā khāndand.
Reorder the words to say 'I bought bread.' Sentence Reorder

kharidam / man / nān

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man nān kharidam
Match the pronoun to the verb ending. Match Pairs

Match them:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man : -am, To : -i, Mā : -im, Anhā : -and
Find the error: To ketāb khāndam. Error Correction

To ketāb khāndam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: To ketāb khāndi.
How do you say 'She did not go'? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the negative form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U naraft.
Fill in the blank: Man emruz dars ____ (I studied today). खाली जगह भरो

Man emruz dars ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khāndam
Translate to Persian: We ate. अनुवाद

We ate.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mā khordim.
Reorder: didid / shomā / rā / film Sentence Reorder

didid / shomā / rā / film

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: shomā film rā didid
Which is the past stem of 'neveshtan' (to write)? बहुविकल्पी

Past stem of neveshtan:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nevesht

Score: /10

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

Remove the '-an' from the infinitive verb. For example, 'raftan' becomes 'raft'.

Yes, the endings are consistent for almost every verb in Persian.

Add 'na-' to the beginning of the verb. 'Raftam' becomes 'naraftam'.

Most Persian verbs are regular in the past tense. Only a few have irregular stems.

No, this is only for past actions.

No, Persian verbs do not change based on the gender of the subject.

Use the same structure as a statement but raise your intonation at the end.

Confusing the past stem with the present stem.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Pretérito indefinido

Spanish has more irregular stems.

French moderate

Passé composé

Persian uses suffixes, not auxiliaries.

German moderate

Präteritum

German has strong/weak verb classes.

Japanese low

Ta-form

Persian conjugates for person.

Arabic moderate

Madi

Arabic has gendered endings.

Chinese none

Le particle

Persian is inflectional.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

A2

औपचारिक भविष्य काल: मैं जाऊंगा (khāham raft)

कल्पना करें कि आप एक फ़ारसी समाचार प्रसारण देख रहे हैं, और अचानक क्रियाएँ बहुत नाटकीय और काव्यात्मक लगने लगती हैं। आप इन...

A2

फारसी सामान्य भूतकाल: पूर्ण कार्यों के बारे में बात करना (Gozašte-ye Sāde)

### Overview नमस्ते! आज हम फारसी (Persian) व्याकरण के एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण और दिलचस्प हिस्से को समझेंगे: `Gozašte-ye S...

B2

अतीत से पहले का अतीत: पूर्ण भूतकाल (Past Perfect / گذشته بعید)

### Overview नमस्ते! आज हम फारसी व्याकरण के एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण और दिलचस्प विषय पर बात करेंगे: 'Past Perfect' जिसे फा...

A1

बागी क्रिया: वर्तमान काल में 'dāshtan' (बिना mi- उपसर्ग के!)

### Overview नमस्ते! आज हम फारसी (Persian) भाषा के एक बहुत ही खास और 'बागी' क्रिया (Verb) के बारे में बात करने जा रहे ह...

C2

फारसी में जारी क्रियाएं: सहायक क्रिया 'dāštan'

### Overview नमस्ते! आज हम फारसी (Persian) के एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण और दिलचस्प व्याकरण विषय पर चर्चा करेंगे: 'Ongoing A...

Was this helpful?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!