A1 · शुरुआती चैप्टर 4

Mastering Numbers and Counting

5 कुल नियम
54 उदाहरण
5 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential by learning how to count everything from money to your new friends!

  • Distinguish between Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems.
  • Apply specific counters for objects, people, and animals correctly.
  • Express quantities naturally in everyday Korean conversations.
Count on your new Korean skills!

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to unlock a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you? This chapter, 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' is your key! You're about to dive deep into not one, but *two* super cool Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. Sounds tricky? Don't sweat it! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each one. You'll master Sino-Korean for things like money, telling time (minutes!), and dates – super handy for shopping or checking your calendar. Then, you'll tackle Native Korean numbers, perfect for counting everyday objects, people, animals, and even your age! We'll guide you through connecting these numbers with specific counters: use 개 (gae) for almost anything, 명 (myeong) or the polite 분 (bun) for people (depending on who you're talking to – respect is key!), and 마리 (mari) for all sorts of adorable creatures. Imagine this: you're at a Korean market, confidently asking for two apples (사과 두 개), or meeting new friends and casually mentioning

we are three people
(세 명). By the end of this chapter, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently in real-life conversations. It's easier than you think, and we're here to make it fun!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently order items and describe quantities of people and animals.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Welcome to 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' your essential guide to unlocking a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you. This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Korean numbers, a critical component of A1 Korean grammar.
Understanding how to count is fundamental for everyday tasks, from ordering food to telling time, and mastering it will significantly boost your confidence in real-life conversations.
In this chapter, you'll dive deep into not one, but *two* distinct Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. While this might sound daunting, don't worry! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each system, making it much easier than you might expect.
This dual system is a unique aspect of Korean grammar for beginners, but with our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll quickly get the hang of it.
By the end of this guide, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently. We'll cover everything from basic counting to applying specific counters for objects, people, and animals. This foundational knowledge is crucial for progressing in your CEFR A1 Korean journey, setting you up for success in more complex grammatical structures later on.

How This Grammar Works

Korean uniquely employs two distinct number systems: Sino-Korean numbers and Native Korean numbers. Knowing which one to use is key!
Sino-Korean Numbers (일, 이, 삼...) are derived from Chinese and are used for specific contexts like money, dates, years, addresses, phone numbers, and minutes when telling time.
* (il) - one
* (i) - two
* (sam) - three
* (sa) - four
* (o) - five
* Example: 오 분 (o bun) – five minutes. 오월 이일 (owol i-il) – May 2nd.
Native Korean Numbers (하나, 둘, 셋...) are used for counting general objects, people, animals, and for stating your age. They are typically used for numbers 1 through 99. For numbers 1-4, they change form when followed by a counter.
* 하나 (hana) → (han) - one
* (dul) → (du) - two
* (set) → (se) - three
* (net) → (ne) - four
* 다섯 (daseot) - five
* Example: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae) – one apple. 두 명 (du myeong) – two people.
We'll also learn about Korean counters, which are words used after a number to specify what you're counting.
* 개 (gae): This is the most versatile counter, used for almost any general object.
* 연필 세 개 (yeonpil se gae) – three pencils
* 명 (myeong) / 분 (bun): Used for counting people. is general, while is a more polite and respectful counter.
* 친구 네 명 (chingu ne myeong) – four friends
* 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun) – two teachers (polite)
* 마리 (mari): Used specifically for counting animals.
* 강아지 한 마리 (gangaji han mari) – one puppy

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 사과 일 개 (sagwa il gae)
Correct: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)
*Explanation:* Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼) are not used with general counters like . For counting objects, you must use Native Korean numbers, and remember that 하나 changes to when followed by a counter.
  1. 1Wrong: 저는 스물 한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumul han sarieyo.)
Correct: 저는 스물한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumulhan sarieyo.)
*Explanation:* When stating age using Native Korean numbers, the number and the counter (sal) are typically treated as one unit and pronounced together without a pause. The numbers 21-99 are formed by combining the tens (스물, 서른, etc.) with the units (하나, 둘, etc.), and these also combine, e.g., 스물하나 (seumulhana) for twenty-one.
  1. 1Wrong: 선생님 세 명 (seonsaengnim se myeong)
Correct: 선생님 세 분 (seonsaengnim se bun)
*Explanation:* While is correct for counting people generally, is the polite counter specifically used when referring to people you want to show respect to, such as teachers, elders, or superiors. Using for a teacher or elder can sound disrespectful.

Real Conversations

A

A

사과 몇 개 있어요? (Sagwa myeot gae isseoyo?)

(How many apples are there?)

B

B

사과 세 개 있어요. (Sagwa se gae isseoyo.)

(There are three apples.)

A

A

이 가방 얼마예요? (I gabang eolmayeyo?)

(How much is this bag?)

B

B

이만 오천 원이에요. (Iman ocheon wonieyo.)

(It's 25,000 won.)

A

A

가족이 몇 명이에요? (Gajogi myeot myeongieyo?)

(How many people are in your family?)

B

B

네 명이에요. 아버지, 어머니, 저, 그리고 남동생 한 명 있어요. (Ne myeongieyo. Abeoji, eomeoni, jeo, geurigo namdongsaeng han myeong isseoyo.)

(There are four people. My father, mother, me, and one younger brother.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean numbers for time?

For hours, use Native Korean numbers (한 시, *han si* - one o'clock). For minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers (오 분, *o bun* - five minutes).

Q

Do all Native Korean numbers change form when used with a counter?

No, only 하나 (han), (du), (se), and (ne) change form when directly followed by a counter. Numbers from five upwards (e.g., 다섯, 여섯) do not change.

Q

What are some common situations where I *must* use Sino-Korean numbers?

You must use Sino-Korean numbers for money (e.g., 천 원, *cheon won* - 1,000 won), dates (e.g., 십이월 이십오일, *sibiwol isiboil* - December 25th), phone numbers, and minutes.

Cultural Context

In Korea, accurately using the two number systems and appropriate counters demonstrates not only your language proficiency but also cultural awareness. The distinction between and for people is particularly important, as using for elders or those in respected positions shows proper politeness and respect, which is highly valued in Korean society. Using Native Korean for age also highlights a personal, relatable context.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

Maekju du byeong juseyo.

कृपया मुझे दो बोतल बीयर दीजिए।

मूल कोरियाई संख्याएँ 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
2

Jeoneun seumul-daseot sarieyo.

मैं 25 साल का हूँ।

मूल कोरियाई संख्याएँ 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
3

사과 두 개 주세요.

कृपया मुझे दो सेब दीजिए।

सामान्य काउंटर 개 (चीज़ें गिनना)
4

이거 한 개만 살게.

मैं इसमें से सिर्फ एक खरीदूँगा।

सामान्य काउंटर 개 (चीज़ें गिनना)
5

우리 반에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

हमारी क्लास में बीस स्टूडेंट्स हैं।

लोगों को गिनना: दोस्त बनाम बड़े (명 / 분)
6

식당에 손님이 세 분 오셨어요.

रेस्टोरेंट में तीन (इज़्ज़तदार) मेहमान आए हैं।

लोगों को गिनना: दोस्त बनाम बड़े (명 / 분)
7

고양이 두 마리가 거실에 있어요.

ड्राइंग रूम में दो बिल्लियाँ हैं।

जानवरों की गिनती: 마리 (mari) का प्रयोग करें
8

강아지 세 마리 키우고 싶어요.

मैं तीन पिल्ले पालना चाहता हूँ।

जानवरों की गिनती: 마리 (mari) का प्रयोग करें

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💬

अनलकी नंबर 4

कोरियन में 4 को «사» कहते हैं, जिसका साउंड 'मौत' जैसा होता है। इसलिए कई लिफ्ट में 4 की जगह 'F' लिखा होता है।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: साइनो-कोरियन नंबर: पैसे, तारीखें और मिनट (일, 이, 삼)
🎯

1-2-3-4 का नियम

सिर्फ 1, 2, 3, 4 और 20 ही ऐसे नंबर हैं जो काउंटर के साथ आने पर अपना रूप बदलते हैं। जैसे «하나» बन जाता है «한 개»।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: मूल कोरियाई संख्याएँ 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
🎯

सबका साथ, सबका विकास!

अगर तुम किसी चीज़ का खास काउंटर भूल जाओ, तो बस «개» बोल दो! सब समझ जाएंगे। यह कोरियन गिनती का 'जुगाड़' है: «꽃 한 개 주세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सामान्य काउंटर 개 (चीज़ें गिनना)
💡

'Big 4' वाला नियम

जब भी तुम 1, 2, 3, या 4 के बाद '명' या '분' लगाओगे, तो उनके स्पेलिंग थोड़े छोटे हो जाएंगे। जैसे 하나 बन जाएगा «한 명»।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लोगों को गिनना: दोस्त बनाम बड़े (명 / 분)

मुख्य शब्दावली (6)

일 (il) one (Sino) 하나 (hana) one (Native) 개 (gae) unit/piece 명 (myeong) person (informal) 분 (bun) person (polite) 마리 (mari) animal unit

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Number + Noun (for money/dates/mins)
  • Number + Counter (for objects/people/animals)
  • Native Number + 개
  • Native Number + 명/분
  • Native Number + 마리

सामान्य गलतियाँ

You used a Sino-Korean number with a counter. Always use native numbers with counters like gae.

Wrong: 삼 개 (sam gae)
सही: 세 개 (se gae)

When 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are followed by a counter, they change form (hana -> han).

Wrong: 사과 하나 개 (sagwa hana gae)
सही: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)

Use the honorific counter 'bun' for teachers or elders to show respect.

Wrong: 선생님 두 명 (seonsaengnim du myeong)
सही: 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun)

इस अध्याय के नियम (5)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these numbers and they will become second nature.

Count objects in your room

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

कौन सा वाक्य '2 बजे' सही तरह से बताता है?

सही समय चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du si (두 시)
घंटों के लिए नेटिव नंबर यूज़ होते हैं, और काउंटर से पहले 'dul' बदलकर 'du' हो जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: मूल कोरियाई संख्याएँ 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

फोन नंबर (010) पूरा करने के लिए खाली जगह भरें।

___일___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공일공
फोन नंबर में जीरो को '공' बोला जाता है, '영' नहीं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: साइनो-कोरियन नंबर: पैसे, तारीखें और मिनट (일, 이, 삼)

3 कॉफी ऑर्डर करने का सही तरीका चुनें।

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피 세 개 주세요.
आपको Native नंबर 'se' का इस्तेमाल करना होगा और क्रम चीज़ + नंबर + काउंटर होना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सामान्य काउंटर 개 (चीज़ें गिनना)

कौन सा वाक्य 'एक कुत्ता' सही तरह से कहता है?

सही वाक्यांश चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 개 한 마리
Native नंबर का इस्तेमाल ज़रूरी है, और काउंटर से पहले 하나, में बदल जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: जानवरों की गिनती: 마리 (mari) का प्रयोग करें

इस वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें।

Find and fix the mistake:

강아지 세 개를 키워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 강아지 세 마리를 키워요.
जानवरों को 마리 से गिना जाना चाहिए, न कि (चीज़ें) या (लोग) से।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: जानवरों की गिनती: 마리 (mari) का प्रयोग करें

'दो बिल्लियाँ' बोलने के लिए सही काउंटर भरें।

고양이 두 ___ 가 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 마리
마리 जानवरों के लिए इस्तेमाल होता है। चीज़ों के लिए और लोगों के लिए है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: जानवरों की गिनती: 마리 (mari) का प्रयोग करें

लोगों की गिनती में गलती ढूँढें और उसे ठीक करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

우리 가족은 하나 명이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리 가족은 한 명이에요.
Native Korean नंबर 하나 काउंटर (जैसे ) से पहले छोटा होकर बन जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लोगों को गिनना: दोस्त बनाम बड़े (명 / 분)

दो टीचर्स को गिनने के लिए कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

सबसे विनम्र और सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님 두 분 계세요.
टीचर्स के लिए हम (Native 2 का छोटा रूप) और (सम्मानजनक काउंटर) का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लोगों को गिनना: दोस्त बनाम बड़े (명 / 분)

गिनती में गलती पहचानें।

Find and fix the mistake:

Students: 'Set myeong' (3 people)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Should be 'Se myeong'
'Set' (3) को जब 'myeong' जैसे काउंटर के साथ यूज़ करते हैं, तो यह 'se' बन जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: मूल कोरियाई संख्याएँ 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

समय बताने में हुई गलती को सुधारें।

3:20 -> 삼 시 이십 분

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 시 이십 분
घंटों के लिए हमेशा Native कोरियन (세) यूज़ होता है और मिनटों के लिए Sino (이십)।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: साइनो-कोरियन नंबर: पैसे, तारीखें और मिनट (일, 이, 삼)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

हाँ, बिल्कुल! चीज़ें गिनने के लिए Native नंबर्स चाहिए, लेकिन पैसे देने के लिए Sino, जैसे «만 오천 원»।
नहीं! बस हंगुल में «일, 이, 삼» याद कर लो या नॉर्मल 1, 2, 3 लिखो।
नहीं! समय के लिए मिक्स सिस्टम है। घंटों के लिए नेटिव नंबर जैसे «다섯 시» और मिनटों के लिए सिनो नंबर यूज़ होते हैं।
99 के बाद हम सिनो-कोरियन सिस्टम पर चले जाते हैं। 100 को «백» कहते हैं।
यह सिर्फ बोलने की आसानी के लिए है। «하나 개» बोलना थोड़ा अटकने जैसा लगता है, जबकि «한 개» ज़ुबान से फिसल जाता है।
नहीं! इससे तुरंत पता चल जाएगा कि आप विदेशी हैं। चीज़ें गिनने के लिए हमेशा Native numbers का इस्तेमाल करें, जैसे «두 개»।