A1 · Iniciante Capítulo 4

Mastering Numbers and Counting

5 Regras totais
54 exemplos
5 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential by learning how to count everything from money to your new friends!

  • Distinguish between Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems.
  • Apply specific counters for objects, people, and animals correctly.
  • Express quantities naturally in everyday Korean conversations.
Count on your new Korean skills!

O que você vai aprender

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to unlock a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you? This chapter, 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' is your key! You're about to dive deep into not one, but *two* super cool Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. Sounds tricky? Don't sweat it! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each one. You'll master Sino-Korean for things like money, telling time (minutes!), and dates – super handy for shopping or checking your calendar. Then, you'll tackle Native Korean numbers, perfect for counting everyday objects, people, animals, and even your age! We'll guide you through connecting these numbers with specific counters: use 개 (gae) for almost anything, 명 (myeong) or the polite 분 (bun) for people (depending on who you're talking to – respect is key!), and 마리 (mari) for all sorts of adorable creatures. Imagine this: you're at a Korean market, confidently asking for two apples (사과 두 개), or meeting new friends and casually mentioning

we are three people
(세 명). By the end of this chapter, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently in real-life conversations. It's easier than you think, and we're here to make it fun!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently order items and describe quantities of people and animals.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Welcome to 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' your essential guide to unlocking a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you. This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Korean numbers, a critical component of A1 Korean grammar.
Understanding how to count is fundamental for everyday tasks, from ordering food to telling time, and mastering it will significantly boost your confidence in real-life conversations.
In this chapter, you'll dive deep into not one, but *two* distinct Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. While this might sound daunting, don't worry! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each system, making it much easier than you might expect.
This dual system is a unique aspect of Korean grammar for beginners, but with our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll quickly get the hang of it.
By the end of this guide, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently. We'll cover everything from basic counting to applying specific counters for objects, people, and animals. This foundational knowledge is crucial for progressing in your CEFR A1 Korean journey, setting you up for success in more complex grammatical structures later on.

How This Grammar Works

Korean uniquely employs two distinct number systems: Sino-Korean numbers and Native Korean numbers. Knowing which one to use is key!
Sino-Korean Numbers (일, 이, 삼...) are derived from Chinese and are used for specific contexts like money, dates, years, addresses, phone numbers, and minutes when telling time.
* (il) - one
* (i) - two
* (sam) - three
* (sa) - four
* (o) - five
* Example: 오 분 (o bun) – five minutes. 오월 이일 (owol i-il) – May 2nd.
Native Korean Numbers (하나, 둘, 셋...) are used for counting general objects, people, animals, and for stating your age. They are typically used for numbers 1 through 99. For numbers 1-4, they change form when followed by a counter.
* 하나 (hana) → (han) - one
* (dul) → (du) - two
* (set) → (se) - three
* (net) → (ne) - four
* 다섯 (daseot) - five
* Example: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae) – one apple. 두 명 (du myeong) – two people.
We'll also learn about Korean counters, which are words used after a number to specify what you're counting.
* 개 (gae): This is the most versatile counter, used for almost any general object.
* 연필 세 개 (yeonpil se gae) – three pencils
* 명 (myeong) / 분 (bun): Used for counting people. is general, while is a more polite and respectful counter.
* 친구 네 명 (chingu ne myeong) – four friends
* 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun) – two teachers (polite)
* 마리 (mari): Used specifically for counting animals.
* 강아지 한 마리 (gangaji han mari) – one puppy

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 사과 일 개 (sagwa il gae)
Correct: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)
*Explanation:* Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼) are not used with general counters like . For counting objects, you must use Native Korean numbers, and remember that 하나 changes to when followed by a counter.
  1. 1Wrong: 저는 스물 한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumul han sarieyo.)
Correct: 저는 스물한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumulhan sarieyo.)
*Explanation:* When stating age using Native Korean numbers, the number and the counter (sal) are typically treated as one unit and pronounced together without a pause. The numbers 21-99 are formed by combining the tens (스물, 서른, etc.) with the units (하나, 둘, etc.), and these also combine, e.g., 스물하나 (seumulhana) for twenty-one.
  1. 1Wrong: 선생님 세 명 (seonsaengnim se myeong)
Correct: 선생님 세 분 (seonsaengnim se bun)
*Explanation:* While is correct for counting people generally, is the polite counter specifically used when referring to people you want to show respect to, such as teachers, elders, or superiors. Using for a teacher or elder can sound disrespectful.

Real Conversations

A

A

사과 몇 개 있어요? (Sagwa myeot gae isseoyo?)

(How many apples are there?)

B

B

사과 세 개 있어요. (Sagwa se gae isseoyo.)

(There are three apples.)

A

A

이 가방 얼마예요? (I gabang eolmayeyo?)

(How much is this bag?)

B

B

이만 오천 원이에요. (Iman ocheon wonieyo.)

(It's 25,000 won.)

A

A

가족이 몇 명이에요? (Gajogi myeot myeongieyo?)

(How many people are in your family?)

B

B

네 명이에요. 아버지, 어머니, 저, 그리고 남동생 한 명 있어요. (Ne myeongieyo. Abeoji, eomeoni, jeo, geurigo namdongsaeng han myeong isseoyo.)

(There are four people. My father, mother, me, and one younger brother.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean numbers for time?

For hours, use Native Korean numbers (한 시, *han si* - one o'clock). For minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers (오 분, *o bun* - five minutes).

Q

Do all Native Korean numbers change form when used with a counter?

No, only 하나 (han), (du), (se), and (ne) change form when directly followed by a counter. Numbers from five upwards (e.g., 다섯, 여섯) do not change.

Q

What are some common situations where I *must* use Sino-Korean numbers?

You must use Sino-Korean numbers for money (e.g., 천 원, *cheon won* - 1,000 won), dates (e.g., 십이월 이십오일, *sibiwol isiboil* - December 25th), phone numbers, and minutes.

Cultural Context

In Korea, accurately using the two number systems and appropriate counters demonstrates not only your language proficiency but also cultural awareness. The distinction between and for people is particularly important, as using for elders or those in respected positions shows proper politeness and respect, which is highly valued in Korean society. Using Native Korean for age also highlights a personal, relatable context.

Exemplos-chave (8)

1
2

제 번호는 공일공 삼사오륙에 칠팔구공입니다.

Meu número é 010-3456-7890.

Números Sino-Coreanos: Dinheiro, Datas e Minutos (일, 이, 삼)
3

Maekju du byeong juseyo.

Por favor, me dê duas garrafas de cerveja.

Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
4

Jeoneun seumul-daseot sarieyo.

Eu tenho 25 anos de idade.

Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
5

사과 두 개 주세요.

Por favor, me dê duas maçãs.

Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)
6

이거 한 개만 살게.

Vou comprar só um deste.

Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)
7

우리 반에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

Tem vinte alunos na nossa sala.

Contando pessoas: Amigos vs. Idosos (명 / 분)
8

식당에 손님이 세 분 오셨어요.

Três clientes (respeitados) chegaram ao restaurante.

Contando pessoas: Amigos vs. Idosos (명 / 분)

Dicas e truques (4)

💬

O número 4 dá azar?

A palavra para 4 é 사 (sa), que soa como 'morte'. Em elevadores, você verá 'F' no lugar do 4: «사 층으로 오세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Sino-Coreanos: Dinheiro, Datas e Minutos (일, 이, 삼)
🎯

A Regra do 1-2-3-4

Apenas o 1, 2, 3, 4 e o 20 são teimosos e mudam de forma. Do 5 em diante, eles ficam iguais: «다섯 명 있어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
🎯

O Quebra-Galho Universal

Esqueceu o contador específico para livros ou flores? Use ! Todo mundo vai te entender. É o 'bombril' da contagem coreana. «이거 한 개 주세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)
💡

A regra dos '4 Grandes'

Os números 1, 2, 3 e 4 sempre mudam de roupa antes de encontrar as palavras 명 ou 분. Por exemplo: «한 명».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contando pessoas: Amigos vs. Idosos (명 / 분)

Vocabulário-chave (6)

일 (il) one (Sino) 하나 (hana) one (Native) 개 (gae) unit/piece 명 (myeong) person (informal) 분 (bun) person (polite) 마리 (mari) animal unit

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Number + Noun (for money/dates/mins)
  • Number + Counter (for objects/people/animals)
  • Native Number + 개
  • Native Number + 명/분
  • Native Number + 마리

Erros comuns

You used a Sino-Korean number with a counter. Always use native numbers with counters like gae.

Wrong: 삼 개 (sam gae)
Correto: 세 개 (se gae)

When 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are followed by a counter, they change form (hana -> han).

Wrong: 사과 하나 개 (sagwa hana gae)
Correto: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)

Use the honorific counter 'bun' for teachers or elders to show respect.

Wrong: 선생님 두 명 (seonsaengnim du myeong)
Correto: 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these numbers and they will become second nature.

Count objects in your room

Prática rápida (10)

Qual frase diz corretamente '2 horas'?

Selecione a frase de tempo correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du si (두 시)
Horas usam números nativos, e dul muda para du antes de um contador.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

Encontre e corrija o erro na hora.

3:20 -> 삼 시 이십 분

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 시 이십 분
As horas usam números Nativos (세), enquanto os minutos usam Sino (이십).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Sino-Coreanos: Dinheiro, Datas e Minutos (일, 이, 삼)

Encontre o erro na frase abaixo.

Find and fix the mistake:

바나나 하나 개 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바나나 한 개 있어요.
'Hana' (1) precisa encurtar para 'Han' quando usado com um contador.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)

Qual frase ordena corretamente 3 cafés?

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피 세 개 주세요.
Você deve usar o número nativo 'se' (não o sino 'sam') e a ordem é Substantivo + Número + Contador.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)

Complete o número de telefone (010).

___일___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공일공
Para telefones, o zero é pronunciado como 공.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Sino-Coreanos: Dinheiro, Datas e Minutos (일, 이, 삼)

Preencha o espaço com o contador correto para amigos.

제 친구가 세 ___ 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Usamos para pessoas em geral, como amigos. é para idosos e para objetos.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contando pessoas: Amigos vs. Idosos (명 / 분)

Preencha a lacuna com o número Sino-Coreano correto.

O café custa 3.000 won: ___천 원

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
3 em coreano é 삼 (sam), logo 3.000 é 삼천.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Sino-Coreanos: Dinheiro, Datas e Minutos (일, 이, 삼)

Preencha a lacuna com a forma correta de 'um'.

Coffee ___ cup please. (kheopi ___ jan juseyo)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: han
Como é seguido por um contador (jan), o hana muda para han.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

Encontre e corrija o erro na contagem de pessoas.

Find and fix the mistake:

우리 가족은 하나 명이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리 가족은 한 명이에요.
O número nativo 하나 deve ser encurtado para antes de um contador como .

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contando pessoas: Amigos vs. Idosos (명 / 분)

Preencha o espaço com a frase correta para 'duas unidades'.

사과 ___ 주세요. (Por favor, me dê duas maçãs.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 두 개
O número nativo 'dul' (2) muda para 'du' antes de um contador.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contador Geral 개 (Contando coisas)

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

Sim! Você usa os Nativos para contar coisas (como 'três cafés'), mas os Sino para pagar por eles: «만 오천 원».
Não! Embora venham do chinês, hoje os coreanos escrevem tudo em Hangeul: «일, 이, 삼».
Não! O tempo é um sistema híbrido. Horas usam nativos («다섯 시»), mas minutos usam sino-coreanos («삼십 분»).
Mudamos para o sistema sino-coreano. O 100 é «백».
É apenas para a pronúncia fluir melhor. Falar «하나 개» trava a língua, mas «한 개» sai rapidinho.
Não, isso entrega na hora que você é estrangeiro! Números nativos vão com contadores. «한 개» é o correto.