A1 · 入门 章节 4

Mastering Numbers and Counting

5 总规则
54 例句
5 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential by learning how to count everything from money to your new friends!

  • Distinguish between Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems.
  • Apply specific counters for objects, people, and animals correctly.
  • Express quantities naturally in everyday Korean conversations.
Count on your new Korean skills!

你将学到什么

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to unlock a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you? This chapter, 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' is your key! You're about to dive deep into not one, but *two* super cool Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. Sounds tricky? Don't sweat it! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each one. You'll master Sino-Korean for things like money, telling time (minutes!), and dates – super handy for shopping or checking your calendar. Then, you'll tackle Native Korean numbers, perfect for counting everyday objects, people, animals, and even your age! We'll guide you through connecting these numbers with specific counters: use 개 (gae) for almost anything, 명 (myeong) or the polite 분 (bun) for people (depending on who you're talking to – respect is key!), and 마리 (mari) for all sorts of adorable creatures. Imagine this: you're at a Korean market, confidently asking for two apples (사과 두 개), or meeting new friends and casually mentioning

we are three people
(세 명). By the end of this chapter, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently in real-life conversations. It's easier than you think, and we're here to make it fun!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently order items and describe quantities of people and animals.

章节指南

Overview

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Welcome to 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' your essential guide to unlocking a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you. This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Korean numbers, a critical component of A1 Korean grammar.
Understanding how to count is fundamental for everyday tasks, from ordering food to telling time, and mastering it will significantly boost your confidence in real-life conversations.
In this chapter, you'll dive deep into not one, but *two* distinct Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. While this might sound daunting, don't worry! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each system, making it much easier than you might expect.
This dual system is a unique aspect of Korean grammar for beginners, but with our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll quickly get the hang of it.
By the end of this guide, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently. We'll cover everything from basic counting to applying specific counters for objects, people, and animals. This foundational knowledge is crucial for progressing in your CEFR A1 Korean journey, setting you up for success in more complex grammatical structures later on.

How This Grammar Works

Korean uniquely employs two distinct number systems: Sino-Korean numbers and Native Korean numbers. Knowing which one to use is key!
Sino-Korean Numbers (일, 이, 삼...) are derived from Chinese and are used for specific contexts like money, dates, years, addresses, phone numbers, and minutes when telling time.
* 일 (il) - one
* 이 (i) - two
* 삼 (sam) - three
* 사 (sa) - four
* 오 (o) - five
* Example: 오 분 (o bun) – five minutes. 오월 이일 (owol i-il) – May 2nd.
Native Korean Numbers (하나, 둘, 셋...) are used for counting general objects, people, animals, and for stating your age. They are typically used for numbers 1 through 99. For numbers 1-4, they change form when followed by a counter.
* 하나 (hana) → 한 (han) - one
* 둘 (dul) → 두 (du) - two
* 셋 (set) → 세 (se) - three
* 넷 (net) → 네 (ne) - four
* 다섯 (daseot) - five
* Example: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae) – one apple. 두 명 (du myeong) – two people.
We'll also learn about Korean counters, which are words used after a number to specify what you're counting.
* 개 (gae): This is the most versatile counter, used for almost any general object.
* 연필 세 개 (yeonpil se gae) – three pencils
* 명 (myeong) / 분 (bun): Used for counting people. 명 is general, while 분 is a more polite and respectful counter.
* 친구 네 명 (chingu ne myeong) – four friends
* 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun) – two teachers (polite)
* 마리 (mari): Used specifically for counting animals.
* 강아지 한 마리 (gangaji han mari) – one puppy

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 사과 일 개 (sagwa il gae)
✓ Correct: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)
*Explanation:* Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼) are not used with general counters like 개. For counting objects, you must use Native Korean numbers, and remember that 하나 changes to 한 when followed by a counter.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 스물 한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumul han sarieyo.)
✓ Correct: 저는 스물한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumulhan sarieyo.)
*Explanation:* When stating age using Native Korean numbers, the number and the counter 살 (sal) are typically treated as one unit and pronounced together without a pause. The numbers 21-99 are formed by combining the tens (스물, 서른, etc.) with the units (하나, 둘, etc.), and these also combine, e.g., 스물하나 (seumulhana) for twenty-one.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 선생님 세 명 (seonsaengnim se myeong)
✓ Correct: 선생님 세 분 (seonsaengnim se bun)
*Explanation:* While 명 is correct for counting people generally, 분 is the polite counter specifically used when referring to people you want to show respect to, such as teachers, elders, or superiors. Using 명 for a teacher or elder can sound disrespectful.

Real Conversations

A

A

사과 몇 개 있어요? (Sagwa myeot gae isseoyo?)

(How many apples are there?)

B

B

사과 세 개 있어요. (Sagwa se gae isseoyo.)

(There are three apples.)

A

A

이 가방 얼마예요? (I gabang eolmayeyo?)

(How much is this bag?)

B

B

이만 오천 원이에요. (Iman ocheon wonieyo.)

(It's 25,000 won.)

A

A

가족이 몇 명이에요? (Gajogi myeot myeongieyo?)

(How many people are in your family?)

B

B

네 명이에요. 아버지, 어머니, 저, 그리고 남동생 한 명 있어요. (Ne myeongieyo. Abeoji, eomeoni, jeo, geurigo namdongsaeng han myeong isseoyo.)

(There are four people. My father, mother, me, and one younger brother.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean numbers for time?

For hours, use Native Korean numbers (한 시, *han si* - one o'clock). For minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers (오 분, *o bun* - five minutes).

Q

Do all Native Korean numbers change form when used with a counter?

No, only 하나 (han), 둘 (du), 셋 (se), and 넷 (ne) change form when directly followed by a counter. Numbers from five upwards (e.g., 다섯, 여섯) do not change.

Q

What are some common situations where I *must* use Sino-Korean numbers?

You must use Sino-Korean numbers for money (e.g., 천 원, *cheon won* - 1,000 won), dates (e.g., 십이월 이십오일, *sibiwol isiboil* - December 25th), phone numbers, and minutes.

Cultural Context

In Korea, accurately using the two number systems and appropriate counters demonstrates not only your language proficiency but also cultural awareness. The distinction between 명 and 분 for people is particularly important, as using 분 for elders or those in respected positions shows proper politeness and respect, which is highly valued in Korean society. Using Native Korean for age also highlights a personal, relatable context.

关键例句 (8)

1

이천오백 원입니다.

两千五百韩元。

汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)
2

제 번호는 공일공 삼사오륙에 칠팔구공입니다.

我的电话是010-3456-7890。

汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)
3

Maekju du byeong juseyo.

请给我两瓶啤酒。

固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
4

Jeoneun seumul-daseot sarieyo.

我25岁。

固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
5

사과 두 개 주세요.

请给我两个苹果。

通用量词 개 (数东西)
6

이거 한 개만 살게.

我就买这一个。

通用量词 개 (数东西)
7

우리 반에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

我们班有二十个学生。

人数计数：朋友与长辈 (명 / 分)
8

식당에 손님이 세 분 오셨어요.

餐厅来了三位（尊敬的）客人。

人数计数：朋友与长辈 (명 / 分)

技巧与窍门 (4)

💬

不吉利的数字4

韩语中数字4 (사) 的发音和“死”的发音一模一样。所以在韩国，一些电梯里会用“F”来代替4楼的按钮哦。比如，你可能会听到：“사 층으로 오세요.”
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)
🎯

1-2-3-4 变身小秘诀

只有 1、2、3、4 和 20 这些数字，碰到量词的时候会偷偷变个样子。其他数字比如 5、6、7 就很省心，它们不会变！比如你想说“两个啤酒”，«맥주 두 병»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
🎯

“万能备用”计数法

忘了书本、鲜花的专用计数词怎么办？没关系，直接用“개”就行！大家都会明白你的意思。它就像韩语计数界的“万能胶布”！«책 세 개 주세요.» (请给我三本书。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 通用量词 개 (数东西)
💡

数字‘大四’法则

记住数字 1, 2, 3, 4 后面跟 «명» 或 «분» 时，它们会改变拼写。比如 하나 变成 한，둘 变成 두，셋 变成 세，넷 变成 네。«한 명»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人数计数：朋友与长辈 (명 / 分)

核心词汇 (6)

일 (il) one (Sino) 하나 (hana) one (Native) 개 (gae) unit/piece 명 (myeong) person (informal) 분 (bun) person (polite) 마리 (mari) animal unit

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Number + Noun (for money/dates/mins)
  • Number + Counter (for objects/people/animals)
  • Native Number + 개
  • Native Number + 명/분
  • Native Number + 마리

常见错误

You used a Sino-Korean number with a counter. Always use native numbers with counters like gae.

Wrong: 삼 개 (sam gae)
正确: 세 개 (se gae)

When 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are followed by a counter, they change form (hana -> han).

Wrong: 사과 하나 개 (sagwa hana gae)
正确: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)

Use the honorific counter 'bun' for teachers or elders to show respect.

Wrong: 선생님 두 명 (seonsaengnim du myeong)
正确: 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these numbers and they will become second nature.

Count objects in your room

Continue to: Talking About Time and Schedules

快速练习 (10)

哪个选项正确地表示了一万韩元？

选择正确的短语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만 원
10,000在韩语中有它自己的词：만。我们不说 십천（十个千）或 일만（一个万）。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)

哪句话能正确点3杯咖啡？

请选出正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피 세 개 주세요.
你需要使用固有词数字'셋'的变形'세'（而不是汉字词'삼'），而且顺序是：名词 + 数字 + 计数词。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 通用量词 개 (数东西)

选择正确表示“两点”的句子：

Select the correct time phrase:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du si (두 시)
小时用固有词数词，«둘» 在量词/名词前变为了 «두»。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

Choose the correct counter.

고양이 두 ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 마리
Animals use '마리'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 数动物：使用 마리 (mari)

填空，用正确的计数词数朋友。

제 친구가 세 ___ 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 명
数朋友这样的普通人时用 명。분 用于长辈/老师，개 用于物品。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人数计数：朋友与长辈 (명 / 分)

用正确的韩语汉字数词填空。

The coffee costs 3,000 won: ___천 원

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 삼
3是삼 (sam)。因此，3,000是삼천。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)

找出计数中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Students: 'Set myeong' (3 people)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Should be 'Se myeong'
«셋» (3) 在和 «명» 这样的量词一起使用时，必须变为 «세»。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

找出并修正人数计数中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

우리 가족은 하나 명이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리 가족은 한 명이에요.
韩语固有词 하나 在 명 这样的计数词前必须缩短为 한。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人数计数：朋友与长辈 (명 / 分)

请填入“两个”的正确计数词。

사과 ___ 주세요. (请给我两个苹果。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 두 개
韩语固有词数字'둘'(2)在计数词前要变为'두'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 通用量词 개 (数东西)

找出并纠正报时中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

3:20 -> 삼 시 이십 분

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 시 이십 분
小时严格使用韩语固有数词 (세)。分钟使用韩语汉字数词 (이십)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 汉字词数字：金钱、日期与分钟 (일, 이, 삼)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

是的，当然需要。固有数词用来数物品（比如“三杯咖啡”），而汉字数词用来支付（比如“一万五千韩元”）。混淆使用会让母语者觉得很不自然。比如：“커피 세 잔.”
不用！虽然这些数字起源于汉字，但现代韩国人纯粹用韩语（일, 이, 삼）或只是在日常文本中使用阿拉伯数字（1, 2, 3）来书写。所以你不需要背汉字哦。
不可以哦！时间是个混搭系统。小时用固有词（比如 «다섯 시»），但分钟要用汉字词（比如 «삼십 분»）。
99之后我们就要切换到汉字词系统啦。100 是 «백»。
这纯粹是为了发音更流畅！说“하나 개” (hana gae) 听起来会很卡顿，而“한 개” (han gae) 说起来就快多了，顺口！
不行哦，那样一听就知道你是外国人啦！固有词数字是和计数词一起用的，而汉字词数字（像il, i, sam）是用于钱、日期和分钟的。比如你想说一个，用“한 개”才是对的。
上一章
Describing Places and Actions
下一章
Talking About Time and Schedules
返回学习路线