A1 · مبتدئ فصل 4

Mastering Numbers and Counting

5 القواعد الإجمالية
54 أمثلة
5 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential by learning how to count everything from money to your new friends!

  • Distinguish between Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems.
  • Apply specific counters for objects, people, and animals correctly.
  • Express quantities naturally in everyday Korean conversations.
Count on your new Korean skills!

ما ستتعلمه

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to unlock a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you? This chapter, 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' is your key! You're about to dive deep into not one, but *two* super cool Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. Sounds tricky? Don't sweat it! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each one. You'll master Sino-Korean for things like money, telling time (minutes!), and dates – super handy for shopping or checking your calendar. Then, you'll tackle Native Korean numbers, perfect for counting everyday objects, people, animals, and even your age! We'll guide you through connecting these numbers with specific counters: use 개 (gae) for almost anything, 명 (myeong) or the polite 분 (bun) for people (depending on who you're talking to – respect is key!), and 마리 (mari) for all sorts of adorable creatures. Imagine this: you're at a Korean market, confidently asking for two apples (사과 두 개), or meeting new friends and casually mentioning

we are three people
(세 명). By the end of this chapter, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently in real-life conversations. It's easier than you think, and we're here to make it fun!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently order items and describe quantities of people and animals.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Welcome to 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' your essential guide to unlocking a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you. This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Korean numbers, a critical component of A1 Korean grammar.
Understanding how to count is fundamental for everyday tasks, from ordering food to telling time, and mastering it will significantly boost your confidence in real-life conversations.
In this chapter, you'll dive deep into not one, but *two* distinct Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. While this might sound daunting, don't worry! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each system, making it much easier than you might expect.
This dual system is a unique aspect of Korean grammar for beginners, but with our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll quickly get the hang of it.
By the end of this guide, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently. We'll cover everything from basic counting to applying specific counters for objects, people, and animals. This foundational knowledge is crucial for progressing in your CEFR A1 Korean journey, setting you up for success in more complex grammatical structures later on.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Korean uniquely employs two distinct number systems: Sino-Korean numbers and Native Korean numbers. Knowing which one to use is key!
Sino-Korean Numbers (일, 이, 삼...) are derived from Chinese and are used for specific contexts like money, dates, years, addresses, phone numbers, and minutes when telling time.
* (il) - one
* (i) - two
* (sam) - three
* (sa) - four
* (o) - five
* Example: 오 분 (o bun) – five minutes. 오월 이일 (owol i-il) – May 2nd.
Native Korean Numbers (하나, 둘, 셋...) are used for counting general objects, people, animals, and for stating your age. They are typically used for numbers 1 through 99. For numbers 1-4, they change form when followed by a counter.
* 하나 (hana) → (han) - one
* (dul) → (du) - two
* (set) → (se) - three
* (net) → (ne) - four
* 다섯 (daseot) - five
* Example: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae) – one apple. 두 명 (du myeong) – two people.
We'll also learn about Korean counters, which are words used after a number to specify what you're counting.
* 개 (gae): This is the most versatile counter, used for almost any general object.
* 연필 세 개 (yeonpil se gae) – three pencils
* 명 (myeong) / 분 (bun): Used for counting people. is general, while is a more polite and respectful counter.
* 친구 네 명 (chingu ne myeong) – four friends
* 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun) – two teachers (polite)
* 마리 (mari): Used specifically for counting animals.
* 강아지 한 마리 (gangaji han mari) – one puppy

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Wrong: 사과 일 개 (sagwa il gae)
Correct: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)
*Explanation:* Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼) are not used with general counters like . For counting objects, you must use Native Korean numbers, and remember that 하나 changes to when followed by a counter.
  1. 1Wrong: 저는 스물 한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumul han sarieyo.)
Correct: 저는 스물한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumulhan sarieyo.)
*Explanation:* When stating age using Native Korean numbers, the number and the counter (sal) are typically treated as one unit and pronounced together without a pause. The numbers 21-99 are formed by combining the tens (스물, 서른, etc.) with the units (하나, 둘, etc.), and these also combine, e.g., 스물하나 (seumulhana) for twenty-one.
  1. 1Wrong: 선생님 세 명 (seonsaengnim se myeong)
Correct: 선생님 세 분 (seonsaengnim se bun)
*Explanation:* While is correct for counting people generally, is the polite counter specifically used when referring to people you want to show respect to, such as teachers, elders, or superiors. Using for a teacher or elder can sound disrespectful.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

사과 몇 개 있어요? (Sagwa myeot gae isseoyo?)

(How many apples are there?)

B

B

사과 세 개 있어요. (Sagwa se gae isseoyo.)

(There are three apples.)

A

A

이 가방 얼마예요? (I gabang eolmayeyo?)

(How much is this bag?)

B

B

이만 오천 원이에요. (Iman ocheon wonieyo.)

(It's 25,000 won.)

A

A

가족이 몇 명이에요? (Gajogi myeot myeongieyo?)

(How many people are in your family?)

B

B

네 명이에요. 아버지, 어머니, 저, 그리고 남동생 한 명 있어요. (Ne myeongieyo. Abeoji, eomeoni, jeo, geurigo namdongsaeng han myeong isseoyo.)

(There are four people. My father, mother, me, and one younger brother.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

How do I know when to use Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean numbers for time?

For hours, use Native Korean numbers (한 시, *han si* - one o'clock). For minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers (오 분, *o bun* - five minutes).

Q

Do all Native Korean numbers change form when used with a counter?

No, only 하나 (han), (du), (se), and (ne) change form when directly followed by a counter. Numbers from five upwards (e.g., 다섯, 여섯) do not change.

Q

What are some common situations where I *must* use Sino-Korean numbers?

You must use Sino-Korean numbers for money (e.g., 천 원, *cheon won* - 1,000 won), dates (e.g., 십이월 이십오일, *sibiwol isiboil* - December 25th), phone numbers, and minutes.

السياق الثقافي

In Korea, accurately using the two number systems and appropriate counters demonstrates not only your language proficiency but also cultural awareness. The distinction between and for people is particularly important, as using for elders or those in respected positions shows proper politeness and respect, which is highly valued in Korean society. Using Native Korean for age also highlights a personal, relatable context.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

2

제 번호는 공일공 삼사오륙에 칠팔구공입니다.

رقمي هو 010-3456-7890.

الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)
3

Maekju du byeong juseyo.

من فضلك أعطني زجاجتين من البيرة.

الأرقام الكورية الأصلية 1-99 (هانا، دول، سيت)
4

Jeoneun seumul-daseot sarieyo.

أنا عمري 25 سنة.

الأرقام الكورية الأصلية 1-99 (هانا، دول، سيت)
5

사과 두 개 주세요.

من فضلك أعطني تفاحتين.

العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)
6

이거 한 개만 살게.

سأشتري واحدة فقط من هذه.

العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)
7

우리 반에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

يوجد عشرون طالباً في فصلنا.

عد الأشخاص: الأصدقاء مقابل الكبار (명 / 분)
8

식당에 손님이 세 분 오셨어요.

وصل ثلاثة ضيوف (محترمين) إلى المطعم.

عد الأشخاص: الأصدقاء مقابل الكبار (명 / 분)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💬

رقم 4 المنحوس

كلمة رقم 4 هي 사 (sa)، ونطقها زي كلمة 'موت' بالظبط. عشان كدة في أسانسيرات كتير بيكتبوا حرف F بدل رقم 4: «사 층 대신 F 층이라고 해요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)
🎯

قاعدة 1-2-3-4

الأرقام 1 و2 و3 و4 و20 هم المشاغبين اللي بيغيروا شكلهم لما يجي وراهم تمييز، أما 5 و6 و7 بيفضلوا زي ما هم: «사과 다섯 개 주세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الكورية الأصلية 1-99 (هانا، دول، سيت)
🎯

المنقذ العالمي

نسيت الكلمة الخاصة لعد الكتب أو الزهور؟ استخدم فقط! الكل سيفهمك، فهي تعمل مع معظم الأشياء الصغيرة مثل «책 한 개».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)
💡

قاعدة الأربعة الكبار

تذكر أن الأرقام 1، 2، 3، و4 يتغير إملاؤها دائماً عندما تتبعها كلمة عد مثل «명» أو «분». مثلاً 하나 تصبح «한 명».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عد الأشخاص: الأصدقاء مقابل الكبار (명 / 분)

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

일 (il) one (Sino) 하나 (hana) one (Native) 개 (gae) unit/piece 명 (myeong) person (informal) 분 (bun) person (polite) 마리 (mari) animal unit

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Number + Noun (for money/dates/mins)
  • Number + Counter (for objects/people/animals)
  • Native Number + 개
  • Native Number + 명/분
  • Native Number + 마리

أخطاء شائعة

You used a Sino-Korean number with a counter. Always use native numbers with counters like gae.

Wrong: 삼 개 (sam gae)
صحيح: 세 개 (se gae)

When 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are followed by a counter, they change form (hana -> han).

Wrong: 사과 하나 개 (sagwa hana gae)
صحيح: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)

Use the honorific counter 'bun' for teachers or elders to show respect.

Wrong: 선생님 두 명 (seonsaengnim du myeong)
صحيح: 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun)

القواعد في هذا الفصل (5)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these numbers and they will become second nature.

Count objects in your room

تدريب سريع (10)

أي خيار يكتب 10,000 وون بشكل صحيح؟

اختر العبارة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만 원
رقم 10,000 ليه كلمة خاصة في الكورية وهي 만. مش بنقول 십천.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)

طلع الغلط في الجملة دي.

강아지 세 개를 키워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 강아지 세 마리를 키워요.
الحيوانات لازم تتعد بـ 마리 مش (للأشياء) أو (للأشخاص).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عد الحيوانات: استخدام 마리 (mari)

أي جملة تطلب 3 قهوة بشكل صحيح؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피 세 개 주세요.
يجب استخدام الرقم الكوري الأصلي 'se' (وليس الصيني 'sam') والترتيب هو: اسم + رقم + معدود.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)

املأ الفراغ لتكمل مفتاح التليفون (010).

___일___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공일공
في أرقام التليفونات، الصفر بيتنطق 공 مش 영.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)

جد الخطأ في الجملة التالية.

Find and fix the mistake:

바나나 하나 개 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바나나 한 개 있어요.
الرقم 'Hana' (1) يجب أن يقصر إلى 'Han' عند استخدامه مع كلمة العد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)

صحح الخطأ في قول الوقت.

3:20 -> 삼 시 이십 분

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 시 이십 분
الساعات دايماً بنستخدم فيها الأرقام الأصلية (세)، أما الدقائق فبنستخدم السينوكورية (이십).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)

املأ الفراغ بالرقم السينوكوري الصحيح.

القهوة سعرها 3,000 وون: ___천 원

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
رقم 3 هو 삼 (sam)، وعشان كدة 3,000 هي 삼천.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأرقام الصينية-الكورية: المال والتواريخ والدقائق (일, 이, 삼)

أي جملة بتقول 'كلب واحد' بشكل صحيح؟

اختر العبارة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 개 한 마리
لازم نستخدم الأرقام الأصلية، و하나 بتتحول لـ قبل المعدود.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عد الحيوانات: استخدام 마리 (mari)

املأ الفراغ بالمعدود الصحيح لـ 'قطتين'.

고양이 두 ___ 가 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 마리
마리 هو المعدود المستخدم للحيوانات. للأشياء، و للأشخاص.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عد الحيوانات: استخدام 마리 (mari)

املأ الفراغ بعبارة العد الصحيحة لـ 'قطعتين'.

사과 ___ 주세요. (من فضلك أعطني تفاحتين.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 두 개
الرقم الكوري الأصلي 'dul' (2) يتحول إلى 'du' عندما يأتي قبل كلمة العد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العداد العام 개 (عد الأشياء)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

أيوة طبعاً! بتستخدم الأرقام الأصلية لعد الأشياء (زي '3 قهوة')، بس السينوكورية للدفع (زي '15,000 وون'). الخلط بينهم بيبان مش طبيعي للكوريين.
لأ خالص! رغم إن أصلها صيني، الكوريين بيكتبوها بالهانغل عادي «일, 이, 삼» أو بالأرقام العربية (1, 2, 3) في حياتهم اليومية.
لا! الوقت نظام مختلط. الساعات تستخدم الأرقام الأصلية «다섯 시»، لكن الدقائق تستخدم الأرقام الصينية «삼십 분».
ننتقل للنظام الصيني الكوري. الرقم 100 هو «백».
الأمر يتعلق بسهولة النطق فقط. قول «하나 개» يبدو ثقيلاً، بينما «한 개» تنزلق على اللسان بسلاسة أكبر.
لا، هذا سيظهر فوراً أنك أجنبي! الأرقام الكورية الأصلية هي التي تأتي مع المعدودات، أما الأرقام الصينية فتستخدم للمال والتاريخ والدقائق. مثل «한 개» وليس «일 개».