A1 · مبتدئ فصل 5

Talking About Time and Schedules

6 القواعد الإجمالية
64 أمثلة
5 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of scheduling and time-telling in Korean with ease.

  • Identify days of the week and relative time markers.
  • Combine native and Sino-Korean numbers to tell accurate time.
  • Apply time particles to build clear, scheduled sentences.
Time is on your side!

ما ستتعلمه

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to master how to talk about time and schedules in Korean? This chapter is your ticket to confidently discussing when things happen, making plans, and understanding timetables. We'll kick things off with those special words for 'today,' 'yesterday,' and 'tomorrow' (오늘, 어제, 내일). These guys are unique because they stand on their own – no need for the time particle '에' here! Then, you'll discover how incredibly easy it is to name all the days of the week; just add the day's root to 요일. Next up, we'll tackle telling time, which has a fun twist: you use native Korean numbers for hours and Sino-Korean numbers for minutes. It might sound tricky, but trust me, it's like riding a bike – you'll get the hang of it super fast! Finally, we'll unlock the power of the particles '에,' '부터,' and '까지.' The particle '에' is your go-to for pinpointing exact moments, like 'at 2 PM.' Just remember not to use it with 'today,' 'yesterday,' or 'tomorrow'! '부터' acts like a 'start button,' letting you say 'from' a certain time, and '까지' sets the finish line – meaning 'until' or 'by' a specific time or deadline. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to tell someone when your Korean class is, set a coffee date with a friend, or even explain your daily schedule with ease. Get ready to become a time-telling pro in Korean!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: State dates and precise times for appointments.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome to your essential guide for mastering A1 Korean grammar related to time and schedules! In this chapter, you'll gain the foundational skills to confidently discuss when events happen, make plans, and understand timetables in Korean. Being able to talk about time is one of the most practical and frequently used aspects of any language, and Korean is no exception.
Whether you're setting up a coffee date, asking about store hours, or simply describing your daily routine, this knowledge is absolutely crucial for real-world communication.
This guide will walk you through the specifics of telling time, using special words for 'today,' 'yesterday,' and 'tomorrow,' and applying key particles that pinpoint exact moments or define duration. We'll explore how Korean days of the week are formed, the unique system for telling time in Korean (mixing native and Sino-Korean numbers!), and the indispensable particles , 부터, and 까지. By the end, you'll not only understand these concepts but also be able to use them in everyday conversations, making your journey to fluency in Korean much smoother.
Get ready to become a time-telling expert!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Let's dive into the core mechanics of talking about time in Korean. First, we have three special words: 오늘 (today), 어제 (yesterday), and 내일 (tomorrow). These words are unique because they don't need the time particle when used to indicate 'when' something happens.
For example, 오늘 만나요 (Let's meet today) is perfectly correct.
Next, forming the Korean days of the week is wonderfully straightforward. You simply take the character representing the day's element (like moon, fire, water, etc.) and add 요일 (yo-il), which means 'day of the week'. So, 월요일 (Monday), 화요일 (Tuesday), 수요일 (Wednesday), 목요일 (Thursday), 금요일 (Friday), 토요일 (Saturday), and 일요일 (Sunday) become easy to remember.
Telling time in Korean has a fun twist: you use native Korean numbers for hours and Sino-Korean numbers for minutes. For example, three o'clock is 세 시 (se si), using the native Korean 'three' (셋 becomes 세 before 시). Twenty minutes is 이십 분 (i-sip bun), using the Sino-Korean 'twenty' (이십).
So, 3:20 PM would be 오후 세 시 이십 분 (o-hu se si i-sip bun).
The particle is your go-to for marking specific points in time, like 'at 2 PM' or 'on Monday'. For instance, 두 시에 만나요 (Let's meet at two o'clock). However, remember the golden rule: is *not* used with 오늘, 어제, or 내일.
Finally, we have the dynamic duo for duration: 부터 (bu-teo) and 까지 (kka-ji). 부터 acts like 'from' or 'starting from' a certain time or day. 수요일부터 (from Wednesday).
까지 means 'until', 'up to', or 'by' a specific time or deadline. 다섯 시까지 (until five o'clock). You can use them together to express a duration: 아침 아홉 시부터 저녁 여섯 시까지 일해요 (I work from 9 AM until 6 PM).
Mastering these particles is key for describing schedules and appointments in A1 Korean.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Wrong: 내일에 만나요. (Nae-il-e man-na-yo.)
Correct: 내일 만나요. (Nae-il man-na-yo.)
*Explanation:* The time particle is not used with 오늘 (today), 어제 (yesterday), or 내일 (tomorrow). These words intrinsically carry the meaning of 'on' or 'at' that day.
  1. 1Wrong: 하나 시 삼 분이에요. (Ha-na si sam bun-i-e-yo.) (It's one o'clock and three minutes.)
Correct: 한 시 삼 분이에요. (Han si sam bun-i-e-yo.)
*Explanation:* When telling time, native Korean numbers are used for hours, but specific forms are used for 1, 2, 3, and 4 before the counter (hour). 하나 becomes , becomes , becomes , and becomes . For minutes, you *always* use Sino-Korean numbers.
  1. 1Wrong: 수업은 두 시부터 세 시. (Su-eop-eun du si-bu-teo se si.) (Class is from two o'clock until three o'clock.)
Correct: 수업은 두 시부터 세 시까지예요. (Su-eop-eun du si-bu-teo se si-kka-ji-ye-yo.)
*Explanation:* When indicating a duration
from X until Y,
both 부터 (from) and 까지 (until) are typically used together to clearly define the start and end points. Omitting 까지 leaves the end point ambiguous.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

몇 시에 만날까요? (Myeot si-e man-nal-kka-yo?) (What time should we meet?)
B

B

세 시에 만나요. (Se si-e man-na-yo.) (Let's meet at three o'clock.)
A

A

한국어 수업은 언제예요? (Han-gu-geo su-eop-eun eon-je-ye-yo?) (When is Korean class?)
B

B

매주 화요일 오전 열 시부터 열한 시 반까지예요. (Mae-ju hwa-yo-il o-jeon yeol si-bu-teo yeol-han si ban-kka-ji-ye-yo.) (It's every Tuesday from 10 AM until 11:30 AM.)
A

A

언제까지 이메일을 보내야 해요? (Eon-je-kka-ji i-me-il-eul bo-nae-ya hae-yo?) (By when do I need to send the email?)
B

B

내일까지 보내 주세요. (Nae-il-kka-ji bo-nae ju-se-yo.) (Please send it by tomorrow.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

How do I ask

What time is it?
in Korean?

You can ask 지금 몇 시예요? (Ji-geum myeot si-ye-yo?) which literally means

What time is it now?
This is a key A1 Korean phrase for basic communication.

Q

Can I use 오늘부터 or 내일부터?

Yes! While 오늘, 어제, and 내일 don't take , they *can* be combined with 부터 and 까지 to indicate a starting or ending point. For example, 오늘부터 운동할 거예요 (I will exercise from today).

Q

What's the difference between 오전 and 오후?

오전 (o-jeon) means 'AM' (ante meridiem), referring to the morning before noon. 오후 (o-hu) means 'PM' (post meridiem), referring to the afternoon and evening after noon. These are essential for specifying times in Korean grammar.

Q

Is there a specific way to say 'noon' or 'midnight'?

Yes! 정오 (jeong-o) means 'noon' (literally 'exact noon'), and 자정 (ja-jeong) means 'midnight'. You can use them with , like 정오에 만나요 (Let's meet at noon).

السياق الثقافي

In Korean culture, punctuality is highly valued, so clearly communicating times and schedules is very important. When making plans, it's common to confirm the exact time and day using the patterns learned here. Koreans often use 오전 (AM) and 오후 (PM) to avoid ambiguity, especially in formal settings or when scheduling.
Using 부터 and 까지 to describe work hours or class schedules is a fundamental part of daily conversation, reflecting the structured nature of many aspects of Korean life.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

오늘 뭐 해요?

شو عم تعمل اليوم؟

اليوم، أمس، غدًا (오늘, 어제, 내일)
2

어제 너무 피곤했어요.

كنت كتير تعبان مبارح.

اليوم، أمس، غدًا (오늘, 어제, 내일)
3

월요일에 학교에 가요.

أذهب إلى المدرسة يوم الاثنين.

أيام الأسبوع في الكورية (요일)
4

금요일은 불금이에요!

الجمعة هي الجمعة المشتعلة!

أيام الأسبوع في الكورية (요일)
5

저는 보통 아침 7시에 일어나요.

أنا عادةً أستيقظ في الساعة السابعة صباحاً.

أداة الزمن الكورية `에`: تحديد 'متى' يحدث شيء ما
6

우리 토요일 저녁에 맛있는 거 먹자!

يلا نأكل حاجة لذيذة مساء السبت!

أداة الزمن الكورية `에`: تحديد 'متى' يحدث شيء ما
7

Naeil-buteo daieoteu sijakal geoya.

سأبدأ الرجيم من الغد.

الأداة 부터: زر "البدء" للوقت (من...)
8

Jeomsimsiganeun yeol-du-si-buteo han-si-kkaji-yeyo.

وقت الغداء من الساعة 12 إلى 1.

الأداة 부터: زر "البدء" للوقت (من...)

نصائح وحيل (4)

⚠️

انسى حرف '에'!

أوعك تستخدم حرف الجر '에' مع 오늘 أو 어제 أو 내일. هنّي بيوقفوا لحالهم بكل قوة: «어제 친구를 만났어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اليوم، أمس، غدًا (오늘, 어제, 내일)
🎯

اختصار حرف الجر

لما تبعت رسالة لصحابك، ممكن تطنش حرف الجر وهتبان طبيعي جداً: «토요일 만날까?»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أيام الأسبوع في الكورية (요일)
💡

خدعة 'النصف'

تماماً مثل قولنا 'الساعة الثالثة والنصف'، الكورية تستخدم كلمة . استخدم «세 시 반» بدلاً من «세 시 삼십 분» لتبدو كمتحدث أصلي.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قراءة الوقت: ساعات كورية ودقائق صينية (시 / 분)
🎯

احفظ الكلمات كقطعة واحدة

لا تحفظ كلمة 'صباح' وكلمة لوحدهم. احفظهم كأنهم كلمة واحدة: «아침에». ده هيخلي كلامك أسرع وأكثر طبيعية.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أداة الزمن الكورية `에`: تحديد 'متى' يحدث شيء ما

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

오늘 (oneul) today 요일 (yoil) day of the week 시간 (sigan) time/hour 분 (bun) minute 공부하다 (gongbuhada) to study

Real-World Preview

coffee

Making a Plan

Review Summary

  • Word + (optional particle)
  • Time + 에
  • Time + 부터
  • Time + 까지

أخطاء شائعة

You cannot use the time particle '에' with relative time words like 'today', 'yesterday', or 'tomorrow'.

Wrong: 오늘에 공부해요.
صحيح: 오늘 공부해요.

When using native numbers for hours, 1, 2, 3, and 4 change their form.

Wrong: 셋 시 (set si)
صحيح: 세 시 (se si)

Don't confuse 'until' (까지) with 'from' (부터).

Wrong: 2시까지 공부해요 (from 2 o'clock).
صحيح: 2시부터 공부해요 (from 2 o'clock).

القواعد في هذا الفصل (6)

Next Steps

You have mastered the clock! Keep this energy up as we move into describing the world around you. You're doing fantastic!

Write your next weekend's schedule in Korean.

تدريب سريع (6)

اختار حرف الجر الصح حسب السياق.

أي جملة معناها 'أنا أتمرن من الساعة 9 صباحاً'؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 9시부터 운동해요.
لنقاط بداية الوقت، دايماً بنستخدم 부터. أما 에서 للمكان، و 까지 معناها 'حتى'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأداة 부터: زر "البدء" للوقت (من...)

وصل العبارة الكورية بمعناها بالعربي.

وصل عبارات الوقت بترجمتها:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
كلمة 내일 تعني غداً، 지금 تعني الآن، و 아침 تعني الصباح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأداة 부터: زر "البدء" للوقت (من...)

أنت في تاكسي، قول للسواق وجهتك.

إيه هي الطريقة الطبيعية لقول 'إلى المطار لو سمحت'؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공항까지 가 주세요.
رغم إن '에' ممكنة، بس '까지' (لحد/لغاية) هي الطريقة الطبيعية والأكثر شيوعاً لتحديد وجهة التاكسي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقاط النهاية الكورية: حتى، بحلول، وإلى (까지)

طلع غلطة المسافة.

سأنتظر حتى الغد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일까지 기다릴게요.
الحروف في الكورية لازم تلزق في الاسم بدون أي مسافة. '내일까지' هي الصح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقاط النهاية الكورية: حتى، بحلول، وإلى (까지)

حدد الخطأ في المسافات.

أي كتابة هي الصحيحة؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘부터
في اللغة الكورية، الحروف المضافة (الجسيمات) بتلزق في الاسم مباشرة بدون أي مسافة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأداة 부터: زر "البدء" للوقت (من...)

وصل حرف البداية بسياق حرف النهاية الصحيح.

زاوج كلمات 'من' مع استخدامها:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
بنستخدم '부터' لبداية الوقت (من الساعة 1) و '에서' لبداية المكان (من البيت).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقاط النهاية الكورية: حتى، بحلول، وإلى (까지)

Score: /6

أسئلة شائعة (6)

طبعاً! رغم إنك ما بتقدر تستخدم '에'، بس عادي تستخدم '은/는' للتوكيد أو '도' بمعنى أيضاً. مثلاً: «오늘도 일해요» يعني 'أنا بشتغل اليوم كمان'.
عادةً في أول الجملة، أو بعد الفاعل مباشرة. الجملتين «저는 오늘 쉬어요» و «오늘 저는 쉬어요» صحيحات تماماً.
요일 هي كلمة معناها 'يوم من أيام الأسبوع'، زي اللاحقة '-day' في الإنجليزي: «월요일».
اللغة الكورية ما فيهاش حروف كبيرة وصغيرة، اكتبها زي ما هي: «화요일».
بسبب تاريخ كوريا! الأرقام الأصلية هي اللغة المحكية القديمة، بينما الصينية جاءت من التأثير الصيني. نستخدم الاثنين لأن الساعات عد بسيط (1-12) بينما الدقائق حسابية أكثر (1-60): «지금은 한 시 오 분이에요.»
فقط في الجيش أو عند إعلان رحلات الطيران بنظام 24 ساعة. في 99% من حياتك اليومية، الإجابة هي لا! «세 시» هي الصحيحة.