A1 · 初級 チャプター 5

Talking About Time and Schedules

6 トータルルール
64 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of scheduling and time-telling in Korean with ease.

  • Identify days of the week and relative time markers.
  • Combine native and Sino-Korean numbers to tell accurate time.
  • Apply time particles to build clear, scheduled sentences.
Time is on your side!

学べること

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to master how to talk about time and schedules in Korean? This chapter is your ticket to confidently discussing when things happen, making plans, and understanding timetables. We'll kick things off with those special words for 'today,' 'yesterday,' and 'tomorrow' (오늘, 어제, 내일). These guys are unique because they stand on their own – no need for the time particle '에' here! Then, you'll discover how incredibly easy it is to name all the days of the week; just add the day's root to 요일. Next up, we'll tackle telling time, which has a fun twist: you use native Korean numbers for hours and Sino-Korean numbers for minutes. It might sound tricky, but trust me, it's like riding a bike – you'll get the hang of it super fast! Finally, we'll unlock the power of the particles '에,' '부터,' and '까지.' The particle '에' is your go-to for pinpointing exact moments, like 'at 2 PM.' Just remember not to use it with 'today,' 'yesterday,' or 'tomorrow'! '부터' acts like a 'start button,' letting you say 'from' a certain time, and '까지' sets the finish line – meaning 'until' or 'by' a specific time or deadline. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to tell someone when your Korean class is, set a coffee date with a friend, or even explain your daily schedule with ease. Get ready to become a time-telling pro in Korean!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: State dates and precise times for appointments.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your essential guide for mastering A1 Korean grammar related to time and schedules! In this chapter, you'll gain the foundational skills to confidently discuss when events happen, make plans, and understand timetables in Korean. Being able to talk about time is one of the most practical and frequently used aspects of any language, and Korean is no exception.
Whether you're setting up a coffee date, asking about store hours, or simply describing your daily routine, this knowledge is absolutely crucial for real-world communication.
This guide will walk you through the specifics of telling time, using special words for 'today,' 'yesterday,' and 'tomorrow,' and applying key particles that pinpoint exact moments or define duration. We'll explore how Korean days of the week are formed, the unique system for telling time in Korean (mixing native and Sino-Korean numbers!), and the indispensable particles 에, 부터, and 까지. By the end, you'll not only understand these concepts but also be able to use them in everyday conversations, making your journey to fluency in Korean much smoother.
Get ready to become a time-telling expert!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core mechanics of talking about time in Korean. First, we have three special words: 오늘 (today), 어제 (yesterday), and 내일 (tomorrow). These words are unique because they don't need the time particle 에 when used to indicate 'when' something happens.
For example, 오늘 만나요 (Let's meet today) is perfectly correct.
Next, forming the Korean days of the week is wonderfully straightforward. You simply take the character representing the day's element (like moon, fire, water, etc.) and add 요일 (yo-il), which means 'day of the week'. So, 월요일 (Monday), 화요일 (Tuesday), 수요일 (Wednesday), 목요일 (Thursday), 금요일 (Friday), 토요일 (Saturday), and 일요일 (Sunday) become easy to remember.
Telling time in Korean has a fun twist: you use native Korean numbers for hours and Sino-Korean numbers for minutes. For example, three o'clock is 세 시 (se si), using the native Korean 'three' (셋 becomes 세 before 시). Twenty minutes is 이십 분 (i-sip bun), using the Sino-Korean 'twenty' (이십).
So, 3:20 PM would be 오후 세 시 이십 분 (o-hu se si i-sip bun).
The particle 에 is your go-to for marking specific points in time, like 'at 2 PM' or 'on Monday'. For instance, 두 시에 만나요 (Let's meet at two o'clock). However, remember the golden rule: 에 is *not* used with 오늘, 어제, or 내일.
Finally, we have the dynamic duo for duration: 부터 (bu-teo) and 까지 (kka-ji). 부터 acts like 'from' or 'starting from' a certain time or day. 수요일부터 (from Wednesday).
까지 means 'until', 'up to', or 'by' a specific time or deadline. 다섯 시까지 (until five o'clock). You can use them together to express a duration: 아침 아홉 시부터 저녁 여섯 시까지 일해요 (I work from 9 AM until 6 PM).
Mastering these particles is key for describing schedules and appointments in A1 Korean.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 내일에 만나요. (Nae-il-e man-na-yo.)
✓ Correct: 내일 만나요. (Nae-il man-na-yo.)
*Explanation:* The time particle 에 is not used with 오늘 (today), 어제 (yesterday), or 내일 (tomorrow). These words intrinsically carry the meaning of 'on' or 'at' that day.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 하나 시 삼 분이에요. (Ha-na si sam bun-i-e-yo.) (It's one o'clock and three minutes.)
✓ Correct: 한 시 삼 분이에요. (Han si sam bun-i-e-yo.)
*Explanation:* When telling time, native Korean numbers are used for hours, but specific forms are used for 1, 2, 3, and 4 before the counter 시 (hour). 하나 becomes 한, 둘 becomes 두, 셋 becomes 세, and 넷 becomes 네. For minutes, you *always* use Sino-Korean numbers.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 수업은 두 시부터 세 시. (Su-eop-eun du si-bu-teo se si.) (Class is from two o'clock until three o'clock.)
✓ Correct: 수업은 두 시부터 세 시까지예요. (Su-eop-eun du si-bu-teo se si-kka-ji-ye-yo.)
*Explanation:* When indicating a duration
from X until Y,
both 부터 (from) and 까지 (until) are typically used together to clearly define the start and end points. Omitting 까지 leaves the end point ambiguous.

Real Conversations

A

A

몇 시에 만날까요? (Myeot si-e man-nal-kka-yo?) (What time should we meet?)
B

B

세 시에 만나요. (Se si-e man-na-yo.) (Let's meet at three o'clock.)
A

A

한국어 수업은 언제예요? (Han-gu-geo su-eop-eun eon-je-ye-yo?) (When is Korean class?)
B

B

매주 화요일 오전 열 시부터 열한 시 반까지예요. (Mae-ju hwa-yo-il o-jeon yeol si-bu-teo yeol-han si ban-kka-ji-ye-yo.) (It's every Tuesday from 10 AM until 11:30 AM.)
A

A

언제까지 이메일을 보내야 해요? (Eon-je-kka-ji i-me-il-eul bo-nae-ya hae-yo?) (By when do I need to send the email?)
B

B

내일까지 보내 주세요. (Nae-il-kka-ji bo-nae ju-se-yo.) (Please send it by tomorrow.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I ask

What time is it?
in Korean?

You can ask 지금 몇 시예요? (Ji-geum myeot si-ye-yo?) which literally means

What time is it now?
This is a key A1 Korean phrase for basic communication.

Q

Can I use 오늘부터 or 내일부터?

Yes! While 오늘, 어제, and 내일 don't take 에, they *can* be combined with 부터 and 까지 to indicate a starting or ending point. For example, 오늘부터 운동할 거예요 (I will exercise from today).

Q

What's the difference between 오전 and 오후?

오전 (o-jeon) means 'AM' (ante meridiem), referring to the morning before noon. 오후 (o-hu) means 'PM' (post meridiem), referring to the afternoon and evening after noon. These are essential for specifying times in Korean grammar.

Q

Is there a specific way to say 'noon' or 'midnight'?

Yes! 정오 (jeong-o) means 'noon' (literally 'exact noon'), and 자정 (ja-jeong) means 'midnight'. You can use them with 에, like 정오에 만나요 (Let's meet at noon).

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, punctuality is highly valued, so clearly communicating times and schedules is very important. When making plans, it's common to confirm the exact time and day using the patterns learned here. Koreans often use 오전 (AM) and 오후 (PM) to avoid ambiguity, especially in formal settings or when scheduling.
Using 부터 and 까지 to describe work hours or class schedules is a fundamental part of daily conversation, reflecting the structured nature of many aspects of Korean life.

重要な例文 (8)

1

오늘 뭐 해요?

今日、何をしますか？

今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)
2

어제 너무 피곤했어요.

昨日はとても疲れました。

今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)
3

월요일에 학교에 가요.

月曜日に学校に行きます。

韓国語の曜日 (요일)
4

금요일은 불금이에요!

金曜日はプルグム（花金）です！

韓国語の曜日 (요일)
5

지금 몇 시예요?

今、何時ですか？

時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」
6

우리 내일 오후 두 시에 만나요.

明日、午後2時に会いましょう。

時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」
7

저는 보통 아침 7시에 일어나요.

私は普段、朝の7時に起きます。

韓国語の時間助詞`에`: 「いつ」何かが起こるかを示す
8

우리 토요일 저녁에 맛있는 거 먹자!

私たち、土曜日の夜に美味しいもの食べよう！

韓国語の時間助詞`에`: 「いつ」何かが起こるかを示す

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

「에」は捨てて！

「오늘」「어제」「내일」には絶対に「에」を付けません。そのままで完璧です。 «오늘 학교에 가요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)
🎯

助詞を省略するテクニック

友達とのメッセージでは「에（に）」を省略してもOK！より自然に聞こえます。 «토요일 만날까?»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の曜日 (요일)
💡

「30分」は「半分」でOK！

日本語の「〜時半」と同じように、韓国語でも 반 を使います。 «세 시 삼십 분» よりも «세 시 반» と言うほうが10倍自然に聞こえますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」
🎯

セットで覚えちゃおう！

「朝」と「に」をバラバラに覚えるより、«아침에»（朝に）のように一つの塊として覚えちゃいましょう。口に馴染んで、もっと自然に話せるようになりますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の時間助詞`에`: 「いつ」何かが起こるかを示す

重要な語彙 (5)

오늘 (oneul) today 요일 (yoil) day of the week 시간 (sigan) time/hour 분 (bun) minute 공부하다 (gongbuhada) to study

Real-World Preview

coffee

Making a Plan

Review Summary

  • Word + (optional particle)
  • Time + 에
  • Time + 부터
  • Time + 까지

よくある間違い

You cannot use the time particle '에' with relative time words like 'today', 'yesterday', or 'tomorrow'.

Wrong: 오늘에 공부해요.
正解: 오늘 공부해요.

When using native numbers for hours, 1, 2, 3, and 4 change their form.

Wrong: 셋 시 (set si)
正解: 세 시 (se si)

Don't confuse 'until' (까지) with 'from' (부터).

Wrong: 2시까지 공부해요 (from 2 o'clock).
正解: 2시부터 공부해요 (from 2 o'clock).

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)

A1
「오늘」「어제」「내일」は、文の時間を決める魔法の言葉。助詞の「에」は付けないのが鉄則です！
오늘 뭐 해요?
12 例文
2

韓国語の曜日 (요일)

A1
曜日の名前に「요일」をくっつけるだけ！「월」「화」「수」「목」「금」「토」「일」という7つの漢字のルーツを覚えれば、もう完璧です。
월요일에 학교에 가요.
10 例文
3

時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」

A1
時間は「ゆっくりした固有数詞」、分は「テキパキした漢字語」と使い分けましょう！ «시» と «분» のコンビネーションがカギです。
지금 몇 시예요?
10 例文
4

韓国語の時間助詞`에`: 「いつ」何かが起こるかを示す

A1
「いつ」するかをハッキリさせる魔法のパーツ «에»。でも «오늘» (今日) や «내일» (明日) には付けないのが韓国語のルールだよ！
저는 보통 아침 7시에 일어나요.
10 例文
5

助詞 부터: 時間の「スタート」ボタン (〜から)

A1
時間は «부터»、場所は «에서» と使い分けましょう。 pill badges: «부터» は時間のスタート、 «에서» は場所のスタート。
Naeil-buteo daieoteu sijakal geoya.
10 例文
6

韓国語のゴールライン：〜まで、〜までに (까지)

A1
目的地や時間のゴール（締め切り）を言いたい時は、名詞の後ろに «까지» をつけるだけでOK！
여기까지 오세요.
12 例文

Next Steps

You have mastered the clock! Keep this energy up as we move into describing the world around you. You're doing fantastic!

Write your next weekend's schedule in Korean.

Continue to: Connecting People and Things

クイック練習 (10)

韓国語のフレーズと日本語の意味を繋げてください。

時間の表現を正しくマッチさせましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
내일は明日、지금は今、아침は朝という意味です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助詞 부터: 時間の「スタート」ボタン (〜から)

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

助詞の使い方が正しい文はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 피자를 먹었어요.
오늘と내일には「에」を付けません。「어제 피자를 먹었어요」は助詞がなく、過去形も正しく使われています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)

4:30の正しい言い方はどれ？

4時30分を韓国語で選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 네 시 삼십 분
4は 넷 ですが、 시 の前では 네 になります。時は固有数詞、分は漢字語（삼십）を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」

空欄に正しい「時」の形を入れてください。

2時に会いましょう：우리 ___ 시에 만나요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 두
「時」には固有数詞を使います。「2」は 둘 ですが、 시 がつくと 두 に変化します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」

正しい文章を選んでください。

文法的に正しいのはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일 뭐 해요?
「明日（내일）」は相対的な時間単語なので、助詞の「에」を付ける必要はありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の時間助詞`에`: 「いつ」何かが起こるかを示す

分かち書き（スペース）の間違いを見つけてください。

正しい綴りはどれですか？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘부터
韓国語の助詞は、前の名詞にスペースを空けずに直接くっつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助詞 부터: 時間の「スタート」ボタン (〜から)

文の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

내일 학교에 갔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일 학교에 갈 거예요.
「내일」（明日）と過去形の「갔어요」は一緒に使えません。未来形の「갈 거예요」に直す必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 今日、昨日、明日 (오늘, 어제, 내일)

スペースの使い方に注目して間違いを探しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

「明日まで待ちます」という文章です。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일까지 기다릴게요.
韓国語の助詞は、前の名詞にスペースを空けずにくっつけるのがルールです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語のゴールライン：〜まで、〜までに (까지)

タクシーに乗っています。運転手さんに行き先を伝えましょう。

「空港までお願いします」と言う時、最も自然なのは？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공항까지 가 주세요.
「에」も間違いではありませんが、目的地を「〜まで」と強調する「까지」を使うのが最も一般的で自然な表現です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語のゴールライン：〜まで、〜までに (까지)

不自然な部分を見つけてください。

지금은 일 시 오 분이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 지금은 한 시 오 분이에요.
「時」に漢字語の 일 (1) は使えません。固有数詞の 한 を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 時間の言い方：固有数詞の「時」と漢数詞の「分」

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい！「에」はダメですが、「은/는」（は）や「도」（も）はOKです。 «오늘도 일해요» （今日も働きます）のように使います。
文の最初か、主語のすぐ後が一般的です。 «저는 오늘 쉬어요» も «오늘 저는 쉬어요» も両方自然です。
「요일」は「曜日」という意味の名詞なんだ。英語の「-day」と同じ役割だね。 «월요일»
韓国語には大文字・小文字の区別がないから、そのまま書けば大丈夫だよ！ «화요일»
韓国の歴史が理由です！固有数詞はもともとの言葉で、漢字語は中国の影響で入ってきました。時間は12までなので数えやすい固有数詞、分は60まであって計算が必要なので漢字語を使います。 «한 시 십 분» のように使い分けます。
軍隊や飛行機の出発案内などで24時間制を使う時以外は、日常では使いません。 «삼 시» と言うとすごく変に聞こえるので注意しましょう。
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