A1 · 初級 チャプター 4

Mastering Numbers and Counting

5 トータルルール
54 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential by learning how to count everything from money to your new friends!

  • Distinguish between Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems.
  • Apply specific counters for objects, people, and animals correctly.
  • Express quantities naturally in everyday Korean conversations.
Count on your new Korean skills!

学べること

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Ready to unlock a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you? This chapter, 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' is your key! You're about to dive deep into not one, but *two* super cool Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. Sounds tricky? Don't sweat it! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each one. You'll master Sino-Korean for things like money, telling time (minutes!), and dates – super handy for shopping or checking your calendar. Then, you'll tackle Native Korean numbers, perfect for counting everyday objects, people, animals, and even your age! We'll guide you through connecting these numbers with specific counters: use 개 (gae) for almost anything, 명 (myeong) or the polite 분 (bun) for people (depending on who you're talking to – respect is key!), and 마리 (mari) for all sorts of adorable creatures. Imagine this: you're at a Korean market, confidently asking for two apples (사과 두 개), or meeting new friends and casually mentioning

we are three people
(세 명). By the end of this chapter, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently in real-life conversations. It's easier than you think, and we're here to make it fun!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently order items and describe quantities of people and animals.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, future Korean speaker! Welcome to 'Mastering Numbers and Counting,' your essential guide to unlocking a superpower that will change how you interact with everything around you. This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Korean numbers, a critical component of A1 Korean grammar.
Understanding how to count is fundamental for everyday tasks, from ordering food to telling time, and mastering it will significantly boost your confidence in real-life conversations.
In this chapter, you'll dive deep into not one, but *two* distinct Korean number systems: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. While this might sound daunting, don't worry! We'll show you exactly *when* to use each system, making it much easier than you might expect.
This dual system is a unique aspect of Korean grammar for beginners, but with our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll quickly get the hang of it.
By the end of this guide, you won't just *know* numbers; you'll be able to *use* them naturally and confidently. We'll cover everything from basic counting to applying specific counters for objects, people, and animals. This foundational knowledge is crucial for progressing in your CEFR A1 Korean journey, setting you up for success in more complex grammatical structures later on.

How This Grammar Works

Korean uniquely employs two distinct number systems: Sino-Korean numbers and Native Korean numbers. Knowing which one to use is key!
Sino-Korean Numbers (일, 이, 삼...) are derived from Chinese and are used for specific contexts like money, dates, years, addresses, phone numbers, and minutes when telling time.
* 일 (il) - one
* 이 (i) - two
* 삼 (sam) - three
* 사 (sa) - four
* 오 (o) - five
* Example: 오 분 (o bun) – five minutes. 오월 이일 (owol i-il) – May 2nd.
Native Korean Numbers (하나, 둘, 셋...) are used for counting general objects, people, animals, and for stating your age. They are typically used for numbers 1 through 99. For numbers 1-4, they change form when followed by a counter.
* 하나 (hana) → 한 (han) - one
* 둘 (dul) → 두 (du) - two
* 셋 (set) → 세 (se) - three
* 넷 (net) → 네 (ne) - four
* 다섯 (daseot) - five
* Example: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae) – one apple. 두 명 (du myeong) – two people.
We'll also learn about Korean counters, which are words used after a number to specify what you're counting.
* 개 (gae): This is the most versatile counter, used for almost any general object.
* 연필 세 개 (yeonpil se gae) – three pencils
* 명 (myeong) / 분 (bun): Used for counting people. 명 is general, while 분 is a more polite and respectful counter.
* 친구 네 명 (chingu ne myeong) – four friends
* 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun) – two teachers (polite)
* 마리 (mari): Used specifically for counting animals.
* 강아지 한 마리 (gangaji han mari) – one puppy

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 사과 일 개 (sagwa il gae)
✓ Correct: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)
*Explanation:* Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼) are not used with general counters like 개. For counting objects, you must use Native Korean numbers, and remember that 하나 changes to 한 when followed by a counter.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 스물 한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumul han sarieyo.)
✓ Correct: 저는 스물한 살이에요. (jeoneun seumulhan sarieyo.)
*Explanation:* When stating age using Native Korean numbers, the number and the counter 살 (sal) are typically treated as one unit and pronounced together without a pause. The numbers 21-99 are formed by combining the tens (스물, 서른, etc.) with the units (하나, 둘, etc.), and these also combine, e.g., 스물하나 (seumulhana) for twenty-one.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 선생님 세 명 (seonsaengnim se myeong)
✓ Correct: 선생님 세 분 (seonsaengnim se bun)
*Explanation:* While 명 is correct for counting people generally, 분 is the polite counter specifically used when referring to people you want to show respect to, such as teachers, elders, or superiors. Using 명 for a teacher or elder can sound disrespectful.

Real Conversations

A

A

사과 몇 개 있어요? (Sagwa myeot gae isseoyo?)

(How many apples are there?)

B

B

사과 세 개 있어요. (Sagwa se gae isseoyo.)

(There are three apples.)

A

A

이 가방 얼마예요? (I gabang eolmayeyo?)

(How much is this bag?)

B

B

이만 오천 원이에요. (Iman ocheon wonieyo.)

(It's 25,000 won.)

A

A

가족이 몇 명이에요? (Gajogi myeot myeongieyo?)

(How many people are in your family?)

B

B

네 명이에요. 아버지, 어머니, 저, 그리고 남동생 한 명 있어요. (Ne myeongieyo. Abeoji, eomeoni, jeo, geurigo namdongsaeng han myeong isseoyo.)

(There are four people. My father, mother, me, and one younger brother.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean numbers for time?

For hours, use Native Korean numbers (한 시, *han si* - one o'clock). For minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers (오 분, *o bun* - five minutes).

Q

Do all Native Korean numbers change form when used with a counter?

No, only 하나 (han), 둘 (du), 셋 (se), and 넷 (ne) change form when directly followed by a counter. Numbers from five upwards (e.g., 다섯, 여섯) do not change.

Q

What are some common situations where I *must* use Sino-Korean numbers?

You must use Sino-Korean numbers for money (e.g., 천 원, *cheon won* - 1,000 won), dates (e.g., 십이월 이십오일, *sibiwol isiboil* - December 25th), phone numbers, and minutes.

Cultural Context

In Korea, accurately using the two number systems and appropriate counters demonstrates not only your language proficiency but also cultural awareness. The distinction between 명 and 분 for people is particularly important, as using 분 for elders or those in respected positions shows proper politeness and respect, which is highly valued in Korean society. Using Native Korean for age also highlights a personal, relatable context.

重要な例文 (8)

1

이천오백 원입니다.

2,500ウォンです。

漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)
2

제 번호는 공일공 삼사오륙에 칠팔구공입니다.

私の番号は010-3456-7890です。

漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)
3

사과 두 개 주세요.

リンゴを2個ください。

一般的な助数詞 개 (個・つ)
4

이거 한 개만 살게.

これ1個だけ買うね。

一般的な助数詞 개 (個・つ)
5

우리 반에 학생이 스무 명 있어요.

私たちのクラスには学生が20人います。

人の数え方：友達と目上の人 (명 / 分)
6

식당에 손님이 세 분 오셨어요.

レストランにお客さまが3名いらっしゃいました。

人の数え方：友達と目上の人 (명 / 分)
7

고양이 두 마리가 거실에 있어요.

猫が2匹、リビングにいます。

動物の数え方：마리 (mari) を使おう
8

강아지 세 마리 키우고 싶어요.

子犬を3匹飼いたいです。

動物の数え方：마리 (mari) を使おう

ヒントとコツ (4)

💬

不吉な数字「4」

漢数詞の4は «사» と言いますが、これは「死」と同じ発音なんです。そのため、エレベーターの4階が 'F' と表記されることもあります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)
🎯

1-2-3-4のルール

1, 2, 3, 4, そして20は、後ろに単位が来ると形が変わる「お騒がせもの」です。5以降は形が変わりません。 «한 개» «두 명»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 固有数詞 1-99 (ハナ、ドゥル、セッ)
🎯

困った時の万能ワード

本や花など、専用の数え方を忘れても大丈夫！ «개» を使えば誰にでも通じます。韓国語の数え方の「万能テープ」みたいな存在です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一般的な助数詞 개 (個・つ)
💡

「4大スター」の変身ルール

数字の1, 2, 3, 4は、後ろに「명」や「분」がつくと形がマジックのように変わります。 «하나→한», «둘→두», «셋→세», «넷→네» と覚えましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人の数え方：友達と目上の人 (명 / 分)

重要な語彙 (6)

일 (il) one (Sino) 하나 (hana) one (Native) 개 (gae) unit/piece 명 (myeong) person (informal) 분 (bun) person (polite) 마리 (mari) animal unit

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Number + Noun (for money/dates/mins)
  • Number + Counter (for objects/people/animals)
  • Native Number + 개
  • Native Number + 명/분
  • Native Number + 마리

よくある間違い

You used a Sino-Korean number with a counter. Always use native numbers with counters like gae.

Wrong: 삼 개 (sam gae)
正解: 세 개 (se gae)

When 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are followed by a counter, they change form (hana -> han).

Wrong: 사과 하나 개 (sagwa hana gae)
正解: 사과 한 개 (sagwa han gae)

Use the honorific counter 'bun' for teachers or elders to show respect.

Wrong: 선생님 두 명 (seonsaengnim du myeong)
正解: 선생님 두 분 (seonsaengnim du bun)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these numbers and they will become second nature.

Count objects in your room

Continue to: Talking About Time and Schedules

クイック練習 (10)

「2個」を表す正しいフレーズを選んで空欄を埋めてください。

사과 ___ 주세요. (リンゴを2個ください。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 두 개
固有数詞の '둘' (2) は、助数詞の前では '두' に形が変わります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一般的な助数詞 개 (個・つ)

正しい漢数詞を空欄に入れてください。

コーヒーは3,000ウォンです：___천 원

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 삼
3は 삼 (sam) です。なので、3,000は 삼천 になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)

人数を数える表現の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

우리 가족은 하나 명이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리 가족은 한 명이에요.
数字の 하나 は、単位が後ろに来ると 한 に形を変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人の数え方：友達と目上の人 (명 / 分)

コーヒー3個を注文する正しい文章はどれですか？

正しい文章を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피 세 개 주세요.
漢数詞の '삼' ではなく固有数詞の '세' を使い、語順は「名詞 + 数字 + 助数詞」にします。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一般的な助数詞 개 (個・つ)

電話番号の(010)を完成させてください。

___일___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공일공
電話番号の「0」は 영 ではなく 공 と発音します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)

数え方の間違いを見つけてください。

学生： 'Set myeong' (3人)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 'Se myeong' にすべき
set (3) は、 myeong のような単位と一緒に使うときは se に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 固有数詞 1-99 (ハナ、ドゥル、セッ)

時間の言い方の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

3:20 -> 삼 시 이십 분

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 시 이십 분
「時」は必ず固有数詞 (세) を使い、「分」は漢数詞 (이십) を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)

この文章の間違いを見つけてください。

강아지 세 개를 키워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 강아지 세 마리를 키워요.
動物は 개（物）や 명（人）ではなく、마리 で数えるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動物の数え方：마리 (mari) を使おう

「猫2匹」を表す正しい助数詞を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

고양이 두 ___ 가 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 마리
마리 は動物を数える時に使います。개 は物、명 は人に使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動物の数え方：마리 (mari) を使おう

「1万ウォン」の正しい表記を選んでください。

正しいフレーズはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만 원
1万は韓国語で専用の単語 만 を使います。십천 や 일만 とは言いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 漢数詞：お金、日付、分の数え方 (일, 이, 삼)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい、絶対に必要です！コーヒーを数えるときは固有数詞を使いますが、支払うときは «15,000원»（漢数詞）を使います。混ぜて使うと不自然に聞こえてしまいます。
いいえ！由来は漢字ですが、現代の韓国人はハングル（일, 이, 삼）で書くか、日常的には算用数字（1, 2, 3）を使います。
いいえ！時間はハイブリッド方式です。「時」は固有数詞（5-si）ですが、「分」は漢字語（30-bun）を使います。 «다섯 시 삼십 분»
100からは漢字語のシステムに切り替わります。100は «백» と言います。
純粋に発音しやすくするためです！ «하나 개» と言うより «한 개» と言う方が、言葉がスムーズに出てくるんですよ。
いいえ、それは不自然に聞こえてしまいます。助数詞には固有数詞、お金や日付には漢数詞を使うのがルールです。
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