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A1 verb #2,500 よく出る 13分で読める

ترسیدن

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解説 ترسیدن in your Level:
When you are at the A1 beginner level of learning Persian, the verb ترسیدن (tarsidan) is one of the most fundamental and essential verbs you will encounter. It directly translates to 'to be afraid' or 'to fear'. At this initial stage, your primary goal is to express basic emotions, physical states, and immediate reactions to your environment. Fear is a universal human experience, making this verb highly practical for everyday survival and basic communication. You will mostly use this verb in the simple present tense (می‌ترسم - I am afraid) or the simple past tense (ترسیدم - I was afraid). The absolute most important grammatical rule you must memorize at this level is that ترسیدن always takes the preposition از (az), which means 'from' or 'of'. So, unlike English where you say 'afraid of', in Persian, you literally say 'afraid from'. For example, 'I am afraid of dogs' becomes 'من از سگ می‌ترسم' (man az sag mitarsam). You do not need to worry about complex conjugations, subjunctive moods, or abstract fears just yet. Focus purely on memorizing the first-person singular forms, as you will use them most often to talk about yourself and your immediate feelings. Additionally, learning the negative imperative form 'نترس' (natars), meaning 'don't be afraid', is incredibly useful. It is a common phrase used to comfort others, especially children or friends who are startled. Building a small, practical vocabulary of common things people fear, such as تاریکی (darkness), سگ (dogs), گربه (cats), or ارتفاع (heights), will help you practice this verb in realistic contexts. Remember that expressing fear is a great way to build rapport and practice basic sentence structures with native speakers. As you practice, try to write down three things you are afraid of using the pattern 'من از ... می‌ترسم'. This simple repetition will solidify the verb in your memory. Furthermore, listening to basic Persian dialogues will often reveal this verb in contexts like watching a scary movie or hearing a loud noise. Pay attention to the pronunciation, specifically the stress on the 'mi' prefix in the present tense. By mastering this single verb at the A1 level, you unlock a significant portion of expressive capability in everyday Persian conversations, laying a strong, reliable foundation for more complex emotional vocabulary that you will encounter later on in your language learning journey.
As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding and usage of ترسیدن (tarsidan) will naturally expand beyond simple, immediate statements of fear. At this stage, you are beginning to tell short stories, recount past events, and describe the feelings of others, not just yourself. Therefore, mastering the full conjugation of the verb in both the simple present and simple past tenses becomes crucial. You need to comfortably say 'he was afraid' (او ترسید), 'we are afraid' (ما می‌ترسیم), and 'they were not afraid' (آنها نترسیدند). You will also start encountering and using the verb in slightly more complex sentence structures. For instance, you will begin using the conjunction 'چون' (choon - because) or 'برای اینکه' (baraye inke - because) to explain *why* someone is afraid. A typical A2 sentence would be: 'من به آن اتاق نرفتم چون از تاریکی می‌ترسیدم' (I didn't go to that room because I was afraid of the dark). This shows a higher level of cognitive processing in the language, linking an emotion to an action or consequence. Furthermore, at the A2 level, you should start distinguishing between physical fear and mild psychological worry. While you still use ترسیدن for physical threats, you will also start using it to express concern about everyday situations, such as being late or failing a simple test. For example, 'می‌ترسم دیر برسم' (I am afraid I will arrive late). Notice here the introduction of the subjunctive mood (برسم) following the verb of fear, which is a key grammatical milestone for A2/B1 learners. You will also begin to hear and understand basic questions using this verb, such as 'آیا از چیزی می‌ترسی؟' (Are you afraid of anything?) or 'چرا ترسیدی؟' (Why did you get scared?). Engaging in these simple Q&A dialogues is excellent practice. Additionally, you will start noticing the verb in basic media, like children's stories or simple news reports, where characters overcome their fears. The focus remains heavily on the mandatory preposition 'از' (az), ensuring it becomes second nature. By the end of the A2 level, ترسیدن should be a highly active part of your vocabulary, allowing you to narrate personal anecdotes involving fear, ask others about their anxieties, and understand basic narratives centered around overcoming obstacles and fears.
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Reaching the B1 intermediate level marks a significant shift in how you use ترسیدن (tarsidan). You are no longer just expressing basic physical fears; you are now navigating abstract concepts, future anxieties, and complex emotional states. At this level, the subjunctive mood becomes heavily integrated with your use of this verb. You will frequently use the structure 'ترسیدن که' (to be afraid that...) followed by a subjunctive verb to express worry about potential future events. For example, 'می‌ترسم که فردا باران ببارد' (I am afraid that it might rain tomorrow) or 'او می‌ترسید که امتحان را رد شود' (He was afraid that he might fail the exam). This structure is vital for expressing doubt, concern, and hypothetical situations. Furthermore, your vocabulary surrounding the objects of fear will become much more sophisticated. Instead of just fearing dogs or the dark, you will discuss fearing failure (شکست), loneliness (تنهایی), the future (آینده), or making mistakes (اشتباه کردن). You will also start using adverbs to modify the intensity of the fear, such as 'به شدت ترسیدن' (to be intensely afraid) or 'کمی ترسیدن' (to be slightly afraid). At the B1 level, it is also crucial to firmly differentiate ترسیدن (the intransitive experience of fear) from its causative counterpart ترساندن (tarsandan - to scare someone). You should be able to comfortably switch between 'من ترسیدم' (I got scared) and 'آن صدای بلند من را ترساند' (That loud noise scared me). This distinction is a hallmark of intermediate proficiency. You will also begin to encounter common idiomatic expressions related to fear, though you might not use them actively yet. Phrases like 'زهره ترک شدن' (to be scared to death) will appear in the media you consume, such as movies, podcasts, and intermediate reading materials. You should be able to understand the general meaning from context. In conversations, you can use ترسیدن to politely decline invitations or deliver bad news, similar to English: 'می‌ترسم نتوانم به مهمانی شما بیایم' (I'm afraid I cannot come to your party). This polite, pragmatic use of the verb demonstrates cultural awareness and linguistic flexibility. By mastering these nuanced applications, abstract objects of fear, and the accompanying subjunctive grammar, your use of ترسیدن at the B1 level will sound much more natural, fluid, and native-like.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your command of ترسیدن (tarsidan) should be highly nuanced, grammatically flawless, and culturally informed. You are expected to use this verb not just for personal expression, but for abstract discussion, debate, and analyzing complex situations. You will seamlessly integrate it into conditional sentences and hypothetical scenarios. For example, 'اگر از شکست نمی‌ترسید، ریسک بیشتری می‌کرد' (If he weren't afraid of failure, he would take more risks). You will also use it in passive constructions or impersonal statements, such as 'ترس از ناشناخته‌ها طبیعی است' (Fear of the unknown is natural), utilizing the noun form 'ترس' (tars) alongside the verb. At this stage, you must have a deep understanding of the subtle differences between ترسیدن and its synonyms. You should know exactly when to use وحشت کردن (to panic/be terrified) for extreme situations, هراسیدن (to dread) for formal or lingering anxieties, and نگران بودن (to be worried) for general concern. Choosing the precise word demonstrates a high level of vocabulary control. Furthermore, you will actively use idiomatic expressions involving fear in your daily speech. Phrases like 'بند دلم پاره شد' (my heart dropped/I was terrified) or 'مثل بید لرزیدن' (to tremble like a willow) should be part of your active repertoire, adding color and authenticity to your Persian. In professional or academic settings, you will use ترسیدن to discuss socio-economic issues, political anxieties, or psychological concepts. For instance, discussing how 'جامعه از تورم می‌ترسد' (society fears inflation) or analyzing a character's motivations in a novel based on their hidden fears. You will also be comfortable with advanced grammatical structures, such as using the past perfect tense to describe fears that existed before another past action: 'او همیشه از پرواز ترسیده بود، تا اینکه مجبور شد سفر کند' (He had always been afraid of flying, until he was forced to travel). Your pronunciation and intonation will also reflect the emotional weight of the verb, using stress to emphasize the degree of fear. At the B2 level, ترسیدن is a tool for deep, meaningful communication, allowing you to articulate complex emotional landscapes, participate in sophisticated discussions, and understand the subtle psychological undercurrents in Persian literature, news, and daily life.
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At the C1 advanced level, your use of ترسیدن (tarsidan) transcends basic communication and enters the realm of stylistic mastery, literary appreciation, and complex rhetorical application. You possess a near-native intuition for the verb's placement, tone, and emotional resonance. You are no longer just constructing grammatically correct sentences; you are using the verb to manipulate tone, create irony, or express profound philosophical concepts. In C1, you will frequently encounter and utilize the verb in classical and contemporary Persian literature. You will understand how poets like Hafez or Rumi use the concept of fear—often the fear of divine separation or the fear of the ego—as a central metaphor. You will comfortably read texts where ترسیدن is used in archaic or highly formal structures, such as 'بیم آن می‌رود که...' (It is feared that...). You will effortlessly navigate complex compound sentences where fear is a driving psychological factor for characters or historical figures. Furthermore, your active vocabulary will include highly specific, nuanced synonyms and related terms, such as رعب (terror), خوف (dread), and باک (fear/hesitation), and you will know exactly which register (formal, poetic, colloquial) each belongs to. You will use phrases like 'بی‌باکانه' (fearlessly) or 'رعب‌آور' (terrifying) with precision. In spoken Persian, you will use ترسیدن rhetorically. For example, using it sarcastically: 'وای، چقدر ترسیدم!' (Wow, I'm so scared! - meaning you are not scared at all). You will also use it to express deep empathy or complex psychological states in serious discussions, such as analyzing societal phobias or political deterrence strategies. The grammatical structures surrounding the verb, including complex subjunctives, conditionals, and passive voices, will be executed flawlessly and without hesitation. You will understand the subtle cultural implications of fear in Iranian society, such as the concept of 'آبرو' (saving face) and the fear of social judgment. At this level, you can write essays, deliver presentations, or engage in deep debates where the concept of fear is a central theme, using ترسیدن and its extensive word family to articulate highly sophisticated, abstract, and nuanced arguments. Your language is rich, idiomatic, and deeply connected to the cultural and literary heritage of the Persian language.
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At the C2 mastery level, your command of ترسیدن (tarsidan) and the entire conceptual framework of fear in Persian is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You possess an exhaustive understanding of the verb's etymology, its historical evolution, and its most obscure literary applications. You can effortlessly dissect classical texts, such as the Shahnameh or the works of Attar, analyzing how the morphology of the word 'tars' and its derivatives shape the epic or mystical narrative. You are intimately familiar with archaic forms and poetic contractions that are no longer used in modern speech but are essential for deep literary analysis. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, you manipulate the verb for advanced rhetorical effect in both writing and speech. You can craft compelling persuasive arguments, utilizing the psychology of fear (ترس روانشناختی) to influence an audience, using precise terminology drawn from sociology, psychology, or political science. You understand the microscopic nuances between words like بیم (bim), خوف (khouf), هراس (haras), وحشت (vahshat), and رعب (ro'b), and can debate their specific theological or philosophical implications in Persian intellectual discourse. Your use of idioms is not just accurate; it is creative. You can play with established idioms, subverting them for comedic or dramatic effect. You instinctively know when to use a heavy, formal Arabic-derived synonym versus a pure, ancient Persian root to adjust the register and rhythm of your sentence perfectly. Furthermore, you can seamlessly translate complex emotional states from your native language into Persian, finding the exact cultural equivalent for concepts like 'existential dread' or 'phobia', utilizing compound structures built around ترسیدن. You can write academic papers, deliver keynote speeches, or compose poetry where the concept of fear is explored with profound depth and linguistic elegance. There are no grammatical structures, no matter how convoluted, involving this verb that cause you hesitation. Your understanding of ترسیدن at the C2 level is a testament to your complete immersion in the Persian language, reflecting a profound synthesis of grammar, vocabulary, culture, history, and literature.
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ترسیدن 30秒で

  • Meaning: To fear, to be afraid, or to be frightened.
  • Grammar Rule: Always use the preposition 'از' (az - from) before the object of fear.
  • Common Usage: Used for both physical dangers (dogs, heights) and abstract worries (failure, the future).
  • Key Distinction: 'ترسیدن' is to experience fear; 'ترساندن' is to cause fear in someone else.
To truly understand the Persian verb ترسیدن (tarsidan), we must delve deeply into both its linguistic roots and its emotional resonance within the Persian-speaking world. At its core, ترسیدن translates to 'to fear', 'to be afraid', or 'to be frightened'. However, limiting it to a simple translation ignores the rich tapestry of contexts in which it is used. Fear is a universal human emotion, a primary survival mechanism that alerts us to danger, and the Persian language captures this spectrum of emotion beautifully through this single, versatile verb. When a Persian speaker uses ترسیدن, they might be describing anything from a mild apprehension about an upcoming exam to a paralyzing terror in the face of physical danger. The beauty of this verb lies in its scalability; it adapts to the intensity of the situation based on the adverbs and context surrounding it. Understanding this verb is absolutely crucial for any learner, as expressing fear, anxiety, or concern is a fundamental part of daily communication.
Linguistic Root
The verb comes from the Old Persian root 'tars-', which has cognates in other Indo-European languages, signifying trembling or shaking in fear.

من از تاریکی می‌ترسم.

Beyond just physical fear, ترسیدن is extensively used to express psychological and abstract fears. For instance, one might fear failure, fear the loss of a loved one, or fear the unknown. In these cases, the verb transcends the immediate physical reaction and enters the realm of existential or emotional dread. This makes it an indispensable tool for deep, meaningful conversations. Furthermore, the concept of fear in Persian culture is often intertwined with respect, especially in religious or familial contexts.
Emotional Spectrum
It covers everything from mild worry (نگرانی) to absolute panic (وحشت), depending entirely on the context and tone of voice.

کودک از صدای بلند ترسید.

When analyzing the physiological response to fear—the racing heart, the sweaty palms, the sudden urge to flee—Persian literature often pairs ترسیدن with vivid imagery. You will frequently encounter phrases describing the blood freezing in one's veins or the color draining from one's face. These idiomatic expressions amplify the base meaning of the verb. As a learner, mastering ترسیدن allows you to tap into this expressive power. You are not just learning a word; you are learning how to articulate a fundamental human experience in a new cultural framework.
Abstract Usage
Used to express concern about future events, similar to saying 'I am afraid that...' in English when delivering bad news.

ما از آینده مبهم می‌ترسیم.

او هرگز از شکست نترسیده است.

In summary, ترسیدن is a foundational pillar of Persian emotional vocabulary. It bridges the gap between instinctual animalistic reactions and complex human anxieties. Whether you are reading a classic poem by Ferdowsi where heroes face mythical beasts, or simply chatting with a friend about a scary movie, this verb will be front and center. By deeply understanding its nuances, its grammatical requirements, and its cultural weight, you significantly enhance your fluency and your ability to connect with native speakers on a genuine, emotional level.

قهرمانان واقعی کسانی هستند که با وجود ترسیدن، عمل می‌کنند.

Mastering the usage of ترسیدن (tarsidan) requires a solid understanding of Persian syntax, specifically regarding prepositions and verb conjugations. The most critical rule, which cannot be overstated, is that this verb intrinsically pairs with the preposition از (az), meaning 'from'. In English, you say 'I am afraid OF spiders', but in Persian, the literal translation is 'I am afraid FROM spiders' (من از عنکبوت می‌ترسم). Failing to use 'az' is one of the most immediate giveaways of a non-native speaker. This prepositional requirement applies regardless of the tense or the object of fear. Whether you are fearing a tangible object, an abstract concept, or a person, 'az' must precede it.
Present Stem
The present stem of the verb is 'tars' (ترس). This is used to form the present tense, the subjunctive, and the imperative.

من از ارتفاع می‌ترسم.

Let us break down the conjugations. In the simple present tense, which is used for general fears or ongoing states of being afraid, you attach the prefix 'mi-' (می) to the present stem 'tars', followed by the personal endings: می‌ترسم (I fear), می‌ترسی (you fear), می‌ترسد (he/she fears), می‌ترسیم (we fear), می‌ترسید (you all fear), می‌ترسند (they fear). For the simple past tense, which describes a specific instance of fear that occurred and ended in the past, you use the past stem 'tarsid' (ترسید): ترسیدم (I feared), ترسیدی (you feared), ترسید (he/she feared), etc.
Subjunctive Mood
Formed with the prefix 'be-' (بـ) plus the present stem. Used after verbs of wanting, necessity, or possibility.

نباید از اشتباه کردن بترسی.

Another vital aspect of using ترسیدن is the imperative form, used to give commands. The affirmative command 'fear!' is بترس (betars), though this is rarely used except in dramatic or religious contexts (e.g., 'fear God'). Much more common is the negative imperative, نترس (natars), meaning 'do not fear' or 'don't be afraid'. This is a standard phrase of comfort used daily in Iran. If a child is crying because of a loud noise, a parent will immediately say 'نترس عزیزم' (natars azizam - don't be afraid, my dear).
Compound Structures
While 'tarsidan' is a simple verb, it can be part of complex sentences using 'ke' (that) to explain the reason for fear.

می‌ترسیدم که دیر برسم.

لطفاً از من نترسید.

Furthermore, it is important to distinguish between the intransitive verb ترسیدن (to be afraid) and its transitive causative counterpart ترساندن (tarsandan - to scare someone). You use ترسیدن when you are the one experiencing the fear. You use ترساندن when you are causing someone else to feel fear. For example, 'من ترسیدم' means 'I got scared', while 'من او را ترساندم' means 'I scared him'. Mixing these up is a common beginner mistake but completely changes the meaning of the sentence. By practicing these conjugations and consistently applying the preposition 'az', you will quickly become comfortable using this essential verb in any conversational context.

آنها از عواقب کار خود خواهند ترسید.

The verb ترسیدن (tarsidan) is ubiquitous in the Persian language, echoing through every layer of society and across all forms of media. Because fear is such a fundamental human experience, the vocabulary surrounding it is naturally prevalent. You will hear this verb in the most mundane daily interactions, as well as in the highest forms of classical literature. In everyday conversation, it is frequently used to express minor anxieties or to comfort others. If you are walking down the street in Tehran and a stray cat suddenly jumps out, you might exclaim 'ترسیدم!' (I got scared!). If a friend is nervous about an upcoming job interview, you would reassure them by saying 'نترس، تو موفق می‌شوی' (Don't be afraid, you will succeed).
Daily Conversation
Used constantly to express startle responses, worries about the future, or to offer comfort to friends and family.

وقتی برق رفت، بچه‌ها ترسیدند.

In the realm of media and entertainment, ترسیدن is the cornerstone of the horror and thriller genres. When discussing a scary movie, a native speaker will almost certainly use this verb. They might say 'فیلم خیلی ترسناکی بود، واقعاً ترسیدم' (It was a very scary movie, I was truly frightened). News broadcasts also utilize this verb, though often in a more abstract or collective sense. You might hear news anchors discussing how the public 'fears' economic instability (مردم از تورم می‌ترسند) or how a nation 'fears' the outbreak of war. In these contexts, the verb scales up from individual panic to societal anxiety.
News and Politics
Frequently employed to describe the collective anxieties of a population regarding economic, social, or political crises.

سرمایه‌گذاران از سقوط بازار می‌ترسند.

Classical Persian literature, renowned for its epic poetry and profound philosophical prose, relies heavily on the concept of fear to build tension and develop characters. In Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), heroes like Rostam are often defined by their lack of fear in the face of terrifying demons (Divs) and dragons. The text frequently contrasts the bravery of the protagonist with the cowardice of their enemies, using various forms of ترسیدن to highlight these traits. Similarly, in Sufi poetry, such as the works of Rumi or Hafez, fear takes on a spiritual dimension. Poets often write about the fear of separation from the Divine, or conversely, the necessity of abandoning earthly fears to achieve spiritual enlightenment.
Literature and Poetry
Used to explore existential dread, the courage of epic heroes, and the spiritual awe of the Divine in classical texts.

دلاور از مرگ نمی‌ترسد.

از خدا بترس و به مردم ظلم نکن.

Finally, you will hear this verb extensively in educational and child-rearing environments. Parents and teachers constantly navigate the fears of children, teaching them what is genuinely dangerous (like a hot stove) and what is safe. You will hear phrases like 'از سگ نترس، کاری با تو ندارد' (Don't be afraid of the dog, it won't bother you). By paying attention to these diverse contexts—from the casual streets to the dramatic screens, from the nightly news to ancient poetry—you will gain a profound appreciation for the depth and utility of the verb ترسیدن in the Persian language.

بیماران معمولاً از عمل جراحی می‌ترسند.

When learning the Persian verb ترسیدن (tarsidan), students frequently encounter a few specific stumbling blocks. These errors usually stem from direct translation habits from their native languages, particularly English, or from confusing the verb with its morphological relatives. By far the most prevalent and glaring mistake is the incorrect use of prepositions. In English, the standard phrasing is 'to be afraid OF something'. If a learner translates this directly into Persian, they might be tempted to use a preposition that equates to 'of' or 'about', or worse, use no preposition at all. However, in Persian, the verb ترسیدن strictly governs the preposition از (az), which translates to 'from'. Therefore, saying 'من ترسیدم سگ' (I feared dog) or 'من به سگ می‌ترسم' (I fear to dog) is grammatically incorrect and sounds highly unnatural to a native speaker. You must always say 'من از سگ می‌ترسم' (I fear FROM the dog).
Preposition Error
Using 'be' (به) or omitting the preposition entirely instead of using the mandatory 'az' (از) before the object of fear.

غلط: من سگ می‌ترسم. صحیح: من از سگ می‌ترسم.

Another major source of confusion is the distinction between the intransitive verb ترسیدن (to be afraid) and its transitive, causative counterpart ترساندن (tarsandan - to scare/frighten someone). Because they share the same root (ترس), learners often mix them up. If you want to say 'The movie scared me', you should use ترساندن: 'فیلم من را ترساند'. If you use ترسیدن, you would have to rephrase the sentence to 'I was scared by the movie': 'من از فیلم ترسیدم'. A common mistake is saying 'فیلم من را ترسید', which literally means 'The movie was afraid of me'—a comical error that completely reverses the intended meaning. Understanding the difference between experiencing the emotion (intransitive) and causing the emotion (transitive) is vital.
Causative Confusion
Mixing up 'tarsidan' (to experience fear) with 'tarsandan' (to cause fear in someone else).

غلط: تو من را ترسیدی. صحیح: تو من را ترساندی.

Tense conjugation also presents challenges, particularly with the subjunctive mood. When expressing a fear that something *might* happen, Persian uses the subjunctive. For example, 'I am afraid that he will come' is 'می‌ترسم که بیاید' (mitarsam ke biyayad). Learners sometimes use the future or simple present tense in the subordinate clause, which is incorrect. Furthermore, when forming the negative imperative ('don't be afraid'), learners sometimes incorrectly apply the 'mi' prefix, saying 'نمی‌ترس' instead of the correct 'نترس' (natars). The imperative is formed from the present stem without the 'mi' prefix.
Imperative Error
Incorrectly adding the continuous prefix 'mi-' to the negative command, resulting in ungrammatical forms.

غلط: از تاریکی نمی‌ترس. صحیح: از تاریکی نترس.

دانش‌آموز از امتحان می‌ترسید.

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the past stem 'tarsid'. The emphasis should be on the final syllable in the infinitive (tarsiDAN), but in conjugated past forms, the stress shifts depending on the person. Misplacing the stress can make the speech sound robotic. By consciously practicing the 'az' preposition, clearly separating the causative form, and mastering the imperative and subjunctive conjugations, you can easily avoid these common pitfalls and use ترسیدن with native-like fluency and confidence.

ما نباید از حقیقت بترسیم.

The Persian language boasts a rich and nuanced vocabulary for expressing fear, anxiety, and apprehension. While ترسیدن (tarsidan) is the most common and versatile verb for 'to be afraid', understanding its synonyms allows for much greater precision and emotional depth in your communication. By learning these similar words, you can specify whether you are talking about a mild worry, a sudden shock, a deep-seated dread, or an overwhelming panic. One of the most common synonyms is وحشت کردن (vahshat kardan). While ترسیدن is a general fear, وحشت کردن implies a much stronger, more intense reaction—terror or panic. You might 'tarsidan' from a spider, but you would 'vahshat kardan' during a severe earthquake. It denotes a loss of control due to extreme fear.
وحشت کردن (Vahshat Kardan)
Means to panic or be terrified. It is used for extreme, overwhelming fear, often accompanied by a physical reaction.

مردم از زلزله وحشت کردند، اما من فقط کمی ترسیدم.

Another important synonym is هراسیدن (harasidan) or having هراس (haras). This word leans more towards 'dread' or 'apprehension'. It is often used in more formal or literary contexts and implies a lingering, perhaps less immediate, but deeply felt fear. For example, one might have 'haras' about the long-term consequences of climate change. It is less about a sudden jump-scare and more about a pervasive sense of foreboding. Similarly, بیم داشتن (bim dashtan) translates to 'to have fear' or 'to be apprehensive'. It is highly formal and is frequently used in news reporting or official statements. A politician might say 'ما از عواقب این تصمیم بیم داریم' (We are apprehensive about the consequences of this decision).
هراسیدن (Harasidan)
Means to dread or be apprehensive. It is more formal and often refers to a lingering, deep-seated fear rather than a sudden shock.

او از تنهایی هراس داشت و همیشه می‌ترسید که رها شود.

For milder forms of fear, akin to anxiety or worry, the phrase نگران بودن (negaran boodan) is essential. This means 'to be worried' or 'to be anxious'. If your friend is late, you aren't necessarily terrified (ترسیدن), but you are worried (نگران). It is crucial to distinguish between fear of danger and anxiety about an outcome. Furthermore, Persian has highly expressive idiomatic phrases that act as synonyms for extreme fear. For instance, زهره ترک شدن (zahre tarak shodan), which literally means 'the gallbladder bursting', is a colloquial way to say 'to be scared to death'.
نگران بودن (Negaran Boodan)
Means to be worried or anxious. Used for concern about outcomes or people, rather than fear of immediate danger.

مادر نگران بود، اما پدر واقعاً ترسیده بود.

از صدای انفجار زهره ترک شدم و به شدت ترسیدم.

In conclusion, while ترسیدن is your reliable, everyday verb for fear, expanding your vocabulary to include words like وحشت کردن, هراسیدن, بیم داشتن, and نگران بودن will drastically improve your fluency. It allows you to paint a much more accurate emotional picture. You can specify exactly how afraid you are, whether it's a formal apprehension about the economy, a terrifying encounter with a wild animal, or just a nagging worry about a friend. Mastering this spectrum of fear-related vocabulary is a hallmark of an advanced Persian speaker.

هیچ دلیلی برای بیم داشتن و ترسیدن وجود ندارد.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Prepositions with verbs (افعال حرف اضافه‌دار).

The Subjunctive Mood (وجه التزامی) used after verbs of emotion.

Causative Verbs (افعال گذرا/سببی) - distinguishing tarsidan vs tarsandan.

Negative Imperative (فعل نهی) - forming 'natars'.

Past Continuous Tense (ماضی استمراری) - 'I used to be afraid'.

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レベル別の例文

1

من از سگ می‌ترسم.

I am afraid of the dog.

Uses present tense 'می‌ترسم' with the mandatory preposition 'از'.

2

او از تاریکی ترسید.

He was afraid of the dark.

Simple past tense 'ترسید'.

3

لطفاً نترس.

Please don't be afraid.

Negative imperative form 'نترس'.

4

ما از گربه نمی‌ترسیم.

We are not afraid of cats.

Negative present tense 'نمی‌ترسیم'.

5

آیا تو از عنکبوت می‌ترسی؟

Are you afraid of spiders?

Question form in the second person singular.

6

علی از صدای بلند می‌ترسد.

Ali is afraid of loud noises.

Third person singular present tense.

7

من خیلی ترسیدم!

I got very scared!

Using the adverb 'خیلی' (very) to intensify the verb.

8

آنها از معلم می‌ترسند.

They are afraid of the teacher.

Third person plural present tense.

1

دیروز فیلم ترسناکی دیدم و خیلی ترسیدم.

Yesterday I saw a scary movie and got very scared.

Connecting a past action with the resulting fear.

2

بچه گریه کرد چون از آمپول می‌ترسید.

The child cried because he was afraid of the injection.

Using 'چون' (because) to explain the reason for fear in the past continuous.

3

می‌ترسم که فردا باران ببارد.

I am afraid that it might rain tomorrow.

Introduction to the subjunctive mood 'ببارد' after 'می‌ترسم که'.

4

شما نباید از اشتباه کردن بترسید.

You should not be afraid of making mistakes.

Using 'نباید' (must not) with the subjunctive 'بترسید'.

5

وقتی برق رفت، همه ما ترسیدیم.

When the power went out, we all got scared.

Using 'وقتی' (when) to establish a time frame for the fear.

6

او قبلاً از آب می‌ترسید، اما الان شنا می‌کند.

He used to be afraid of water, but now he swims.

Contrasting past continuous fear with a present action.

7

چرا اینقدر می‌ترسی؟ اتفاقی نمی‌افتد.

Why are you so afraid? Nothing will happen.

Asking for the cause of fear using 'چرا' (why).

8

من از ارتفاع می‌ترسم، بنابراین به کوه نمی‌روم.

I am afraid of heights, therefore I don't go to the mountains.

Linking fear to a consequence using 'بنابراین' (therefore).

1

می‌ترسم نتوانم در جلسه فردا شرکت کنم.

I'm afraid I won't be able to attend tomorrow's meeting.

Polite usage of 'می‌ترسم' to deliver bad news, followed by negative subjunctive.

2

او از اینکه شغلش را از دست بدهد، به شدت می‌ترسید.

He was intensely afraid of losing his job.

Using 'از اینکه' (of the fact that) followed by a subjunctive clause.

3

ترسیدن از آینده یک احساس کاملاً طبیعی است.

Fearing the future is a completely natural feeling.

Using the infinitive 'ترسیدن' as a noun/subject of the sentence.

4

اگر از شکست نمی‌ترسید، حتماً موفق می‌شد.

If he wasn't afraid of failure, he would definitely have succeeded.

Using the verb in a past conditional (Type 2) sentence.

5

صدای انفجار به قدری بلند بود که همه وحشت کردند و ترسیدند.

The sound of the explosion was so loud that everyone panicked and got scared.

Pairing 'ترسیدن' with its stronger synonym 'وحشت کردن' for emphasis.

6

هیچ دلیلی برای ترسیدن وجود ندارد، ما در امان هستیم.

There is no reason to be afraid, we are safe.

Using 'دلیلی برای ترسیدن' (reason to fear).

7

مردم از افزایش دوباره قیمت‌ها می‌ترسند.

People are afraid of prices increasing again.

Expressing societal or collective fear regarding an abstract concept (inflation).

8

سعی کن با ترس‌هایت روبرو شوی و از آنها نترسی.

Try to face your fears and not be afraid of them.

Using the noun 'ترس' alongside the negative subjunctive verb 'نترسی'.

1

ترس از ناشناخته‌ها همواره مانعی بر سر راه پیشرفت بشر بوده است.

The fear of the unknown has always been an obstacle in the path of human progress.

Advanced vocabulary integration; using 'ترس' as an abstract concept.

2

او به قدری از عنکبوت می‌ترسد که به آن فوبیا می‌گویند.

He is so afraid of spiders that they call it a phobia.

Using 'به قدری... که' (so much... that) to show the extent of the fear.

3

با وجود اینکه به شدت ترسیده بود، اما شجاعانه به راه خود ادامه داد.

Even though he was intensely afraid, he bravely continued on his way.

Using 'با وجود اینکه' (even though) with the past perfect/pluperfect tense.

4

سیاستمداران اغلب از واکنش منفی افکار عمومی می‌ترسند.

Politicians are often afraid of the negative reaction of public opinion.

Discussing complex social dynamics and public opinion.

5

از آن می‌ترسم که مبادا تلاش‌هایمان بی‌نتیجه بماند.

I fear lest our efforts remain fruitless.

Using the literary/formal conjunction 'مبادا' (lest) with the subjunctive.

6

ترسیدن از مرگ، ریشه در غریزه بقای انسان دارد.

Fearing death is rooted in the human survival instinct.

Academic/analytical sentence structure discussing psychology.

7

وقتی حقیقت را فهمیدم، بند دلم پاره شد و از عواقب آن ترسیدم.

When I understood the truth, my heart dropped and I feared the consequences.

Combining the verb with the advanced idiom 'بند دلم پاره شد'.

8

نباید اجازه دهیم که ترسیدن، قدرت تصمیم‌گیری منطقی را از ما بگیرد.

We must not allow fearing to take away our power of logical decision-making.

Using the infinitive as an active conceptual subject in a complex sentence.

1

در ادبیات حماسی، قهرمان کسی است که بر ترسیدن غلبه کند، نه کسی که هرگز نمی‌ترسد.

In epic literature, a hero is one who overcomes fear, not one who never fears.

Literary analysis structure, contrasting two relative clauses.

2

بیم آن می‌رفت که با تشدید بحران، شیرازه امور از هم بپاشد.

It was feared that with the escalation of the crisis, the fabric of affairs would disintegrate.

Using the highly formal passive construction 'بیم آن می‌رفت که'.

3

ترسیدن از قضاوت دیگران، یکی از بزرگترین موانع خودشکوفایی در جوامع سنتی است.

Fearing the judgment of others is one of the greatest obstacles to self-actualization in traditional societies.

Sociological vocabulary and abstract conceptualization.

4

او با لحنی طعنه‌آمیز گفت: «وای، چقدر از تهدیدهای تو ترسیدم!»

He said with a sarcastic tone: 'Wow, I am so scared of your threats!'

Using the verb rhetorically and sarcastically in reported speech.

5

دولت‌ها گاهی از ایجاد رعب و ترسیدن جامعه برای پیشبرد اهداف خود استفاده می‌کنند.

Governments sometimes use the creation of terror and societal fear to advance their goals.

Political science context, pairing 'ترسیدن' with 'رعب'.

6

عرفا معتقدند که تنها ترسی که ممدوح است، ترسیدن از مقام ربوبی است.

Mystics believe that the only praiseworthy fear is fearing the divine presence.

Theological/mystical context using advanced vocabulary ('ممدوح', 'مقام ربوبی').

7

هرچه بیشتر در اعماق جنگل پیش می‌رفتیم، حس وهم‌آلودی از ترسیدن بر ما مستولی می‌شد.

The deeper we advanced into the forest, an eerie sense of fear overcame us.

Descriptive literary prose using 'مستولی شدن' (to overcome/dominate).

8

ترسیده و لرزان، در گوشه‌ای کز کرده بود و یارای سخن گفتن نداشت.

Frightened and trembling, he had huddled in a corner and lacked the power to speak.

Using the past participle 'ترسیده' as an adjective/adverb of manner.

1

مفهوم «ترس آگاهی» در فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم، فراتر از صرفِ ترسیدن از یک ابژه فیزیکی است.

The concept of 'angst' in existentialist philosophy goes beyond merely fearing a physical object.

Philosophical discourse, distinguishing existential dread from basic fear.

2

در خوانش روانکاوانه بوف کور، راوی مدام از سایه خویش می‌ترسد که نمادی از ناخودآگاه سرکوب‌شده اوست.

In a psychoanalytical reading of The Blind Owl, the narrator constantly fears his own shadow, which is a symbol of his repressed unconscious.

Literary criticism, applying psychoanalytical terminology.

3

استراتژی بازدارندگی هسته‌ای بر پایه ترسیدن متقابل و تضمین نابودی حتمی طرفین بنا شده است.

The strategy of nuclear deterrence is built upon mutual fear and mutually assured destruction.

Geopolitical and strategic analysis vocabulary.

4

شاعر با ظرافتی بی‌بدیل، مرز باریک میان عشق و ترسیدن از هجران را در غزلیاتش به تصویر می‌کشد.

The poet, with unparalleled elegance, depicts the thin line between love and the fear of separation in his sonnets.

Literary appreciation and stylistic analysis.

5

آنچنان رعبی در دل دشمن افکند که پیش از آغاز نبرد، از سایه شمشیرهای خود نیز می‌ترسیدند.

He cast such terror into the enemy's heart that before the battle began, they feared even the shadows of their own swords.

Epic, archaic storytelling style using hyperbole.

6

تحلیل‌گران اقتصادی هشدار می‌دهند که ترسیدن بازار از تورم انتظاری، خود می‌تواند کاتالیزوری برای رکود تورمی باشد.

Economic analysts warn that the market's fear of expected inflation can itself be a catalyst for stagflation.

Advanced macroeconomic terminology and cause-effect structures.

7

او با وقاحتی تمام‌عیار، بی‌آنکه از عواقب حقوقی و کیفری اعمالش بترسد، به اختلاس ادامه داد.

With absolute audacity, without fearing the legal and penal consequences of his actions, he continued to embezzle.

Legal and journalistic register, using 'بی‌آنکه' (without).

8

در گذار از سنت به مدرنیته، جامعه همواره از فروپاشی ارزش‌های بنیادین خود ترسیده و در برابر تغییر مقاومت کرده است.

In the transition from tradition to modernity, society has always feared the collapse of its fundamental values and resisted change.

Sociological and historical analysis of cultural shifts.

よく使う組み合わせ

از چیزی ترسیدن
به شدت ترسیدن
بی‌دلیل ترسیدن
از مرگ ترسیدن
از تاریکی ترسیدن
از ارتفاع ترسیدن
ترسیدن و لرزیدن
از خدا ترسیدن
از آینده ترسیدن
از تنهایی ترسیدن

よく使うフレーズ

نترس!
چیزی برای ترسیدن نیست
از چه می‌ترسی؟
ترسیدم!
نباید بترسی
ترس نداره
از سایه خودش می‌ترسه
زهره‌ام آب شد از ترس
ترس برادر مرگه
ترسیدن عیب نیست

よく混同される語

ترسیدن vs ترساندن (tarsandan) - This means 'to scare'. Learners often say 'you feared me' instead of 'you scared me'.

ترسیدن vs نگران بودن (negaran boodan) - This means 'to be worried'. Use this for anxiety about outcomes, use tarsidan for actual fear or danger.

ترسیدن vs لرزیدن (larzidan) - This means 'to tremble'. Often used together (ترسید و لرزید - he feared and trembled), but they are distinct actions.

慣用句と表現

"زهره ترک شدن"
"بند دل پاره شدن"
"قالب تهی کردن"
"رنگ از رخسار پریدن"
"مو بر تن سیخ شدن"
"مثل بید لرزیدن"
"خون در رگ خشک شدن"
"نفس در سینه حبس شدن"
"چشم‌ها از حدقه بیرون زدن"
"زبان بند آمدن"

間違えやすい

ترسیدن vs

ترسیدن vs

ترسیدن vs

ترسیدن vs

ترسیدن vs

文型パターン

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使い方

formal vs informal

'ترسیدن' is perfectly acceptable in both formal and informal contexts. However, in highly formal or literary texts, 'هراس داشتن' or 'بیم داشتن' might be preferred for stylistic variety.

regional variations

The core verb is standard across all Persian dialects (Iranian, Dari, Tajik). Pronunciation of the vowels might shift slightly (e.g., 'a' sounding more like 'e' in some regions), but the root remains identical.

よくある間違い
  • Omitting the preposition 'از' or using 'به' instead (e.g., saying من سگ می‌ترسم instead of من از سگ می‌ترسم).
  • Confusing the intransitive 'ترسیدن' (to be afraid) with the transitive 'ترساندن' (to scare).
  • Failing to use the subjunctive mood after 'می‌ترسم که' when describing a hypothetical future fear.
  • Incorrectly forming the negative imperative by adding 'می', saying 'نمی‌ترس' instead of the correct 'نترس'.
  • Misplacing the stress in pronunciation, especially in the past tense forms, making the speech sound unnatural.

ヒント

The Golden Rule of 'Az'

Never forget the preposition 'از' (az). Whenever you want to say you are afraid of something, immediately think 'afraid FROM'. This single habit will make your Persian sound instantly more native.

Tarsidan vs. Tarsandan

Create a mental image to separate these two. Imagine yourself shivering (Tarsidan). Then imagine a ghost jumping out and yelling 'Boo!' (Tarsandan). You experience the first; the ghost does the second.

Comforting Others

Memorize the word 'نترس' (natars). It is one of the most useful words for building relationships. Use it when a friend is nervous about a test, or when a child is startled by a loud noise.

Catching the Dropped 'D'

When listening to native speakers, be aware that the third-person singular 'می‌ترسد' (mitarsad) is almost always pronounced as 'می‌ترسه' (mitarse) in casual conversation. Train your ear to recognize this colloquial form.

Polite Refusals

Use 'می‌ترسم' to soften bad news in emails or texts. Instead of a blunt 'من نمی‌آیم' (I am not coming), write 'می‌ترسم نتوانم بیایم' (I'm afraid I can't come). It shows excellent cultural competence.

Subjunctive Trigger

Treat 'می‌ترسم که' (I am afraid that) as a strict trigger for the subjunctive mood. Whenever you write or say this phrase, force yourself to add the 'بـ' (be-) prefix to the next verb.

Expanding Your Fear Vocab

Once you are comfortable with 'ترسیدن', learn the noun 'ترس' (fear) and the adjective 'ترسناک' (scary). Being able to say 'فیلم ترسناک بود' (The movie was scary) is just as important as saying 'من ترسیدم' (I was scared).

Fear and Respect

Understand that in religious or highly traditional contexts, 'fearing God' (از خدا ترسیدن) is a positive trait synonymous with piety. Context dictates whether fear is seen as a weakness or a virtue.

Stress Matters

Practice the stress shift. In the present tense, stress the prefix: MI-tarsam. In the past tense, stress the stem: tar-SI-dam. Correct stress makes you much easier to understand.

Learn One Idiom

To impress native speakers, learn the idiom 'زهره‌ام آب شد' (My gallbladder melted). Use it jokingly when a friend sneaks up behind you and startles you. It will definitely get a smile.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a T-Rex (Tars). You see a T-Rex and you run away. Tars-idan = to fear the T-Rex.

語源

Old Persian

文化的な背景

Using 'می‌ترسم' (I'm afraid) is a polite way to introduce bad news or decline an offer, similar to English. E.g., 'می‌ترسم نتوانم بیایم' (I'm afraid I can't come).

Historically, men were expected not to show physical fear, while it was more socially acceptable for women. However, modern Iranian society is much more open to discussing mental health and anxieties across all genders.

Many superstitions involve fear, such as fearing the 'evil eye' (چشم زخم). People might say 'بزنم به تخته' (knock on wood) to ward off the fear of something good being ruined.

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実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"تو از چه چیزی بیشتر از همه می‌ترسی؟ (What are you most afraid of?)"

"آیا تا به حال فیلمی دیده‌ای که خیلی تو را بترساند؟ (Have you ever seen a movie that scared you a lot?)"

"وقتی بچه بودی از تاریکی می‌ترسیدی؟ (Were you afraid of the dark when you were a kid?)"

"به نظر تو چرا مردم از ناشناخته‌ها می‌ترسند؟ (Why do you think people are afraid of the unknown?)"

"آیا ترسیدن همیشه چیز بدی است؟ (Is fearing always a bad thing?)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time when you were extremely afraid. What happened?

List three things you used to be afraid of as a child but are not anymore.

Describe your biggest fear regarding the future and why it scares you.

Write a short story about a character who has to face their biggest fear.

How does fear affect your decision-making process?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, absolutely. In Persian grammar, the verb ترسیدن strictly governs the preposition از (az). You cannot say you are afraid 'of' something using a direct translation; you must say you are afraid 'from' it. Omitting 'az' is grammatically incorrect. Even if the object is a pronoun, you must use 'از', for example, 'از او می‌ترسم' (I am afraid of him).

ترسیدن (tarsidan) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to experience fear' or 'to be afraid'. You use it when you are the one feeling the emotion. ترساندن (tarsandan) is a transitive, causative verb meaning 'to cause fear' or 'to scare someone'. If a dog barks, you experience 'tarsidan', but the dog is doing the 'tarsandan'.

The most common and natural way to say 'don't be afraid' is 'نترس' (natars). This is the negative imperative form in the singular. If you are addressing a group of people or speaking formally to one person, you would say 'نترسید' (natarsid). It is widely used to comfort people.

Yes, you can. Persian uses a very similar pragmatic structure. You can say 'می‌ترسم نتوانم بیایم' (mitarsam natavanam biyayam), which literally translates to 'I fear I cannot come'. It is a polite way to express regret or deliver mild bad news, just as it is in English.

When you use the structure 'می‌ترسم که' to express fear about a potential future event, the verb that follows must be in the subjunctive mood. For example, 'می‌ترسم که باران ببارد' (I am afraid that it might rain). The subjunctive 'ببارد' indicates that the event is hypothetical or uncertain.

Yes, it is quite normal. Expressing fear, especially concerning the safety of family members, health, or economic stability, is a common part of daily conversation. It is not generally seen as a sign of weakness, but rather as a natural human emotion and a way to seek support from friends and family.

If you want to express extreme fear, terror, or panic, the best synonym to use is 'وحشت کردن' (vahshat kardan). While 'tarsidan' can mean anything from a mild scare to a big fright, 'vahshat kardan' specifically means to be terrified or to panic completely. Another strong idiom is 'زهره ترک شدن' (to be scared to death).

The pronunciation is 'tar-SI-dam'. In the past tense conjugations, the stress typically falls on the syllable just before the personal ending. So, 'tar-SI-dam', 'tar-SI-di', 'tar-SID'. Make sure not to stress the first syllable, as that sounds unnatural.

Absolutely. Just like in English, you can fear tangible things (dogs, heights) and abstract concepts. You would say 'از شکست می‌ترسم' (I am afraid of failure) or 'از آینده می‌ترسد' (He is afraid of the future). The grammar remains exactly the same, using the preposition 'از'.

This is a famous Persian proverb that literally translates to 'Fear is the brother of death'. It means that living in constant fear is as bad as being dead, or that fear paralyzes you and prevents you from truly living. It is used to encourage someone to be brave and take action despite their anxieties.

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