A1 Numbers & Counters 13 min read 简单

固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)

固有词数词就是你的日常小帮手!用来数“하나”, “둘”, “셋”这些“物品”、“人”、“年龄”和“时间”的时候会用到哦。

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Native Korean numbers are used for counting items and telling the hour, unlike the Sino-Korean system used for dates and money.

  • Use native numbers for counting objects (e.g., 'three apples').
  • Use native numbers for telling the hour (e.g., 'two o'clock').
  • Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 change their form when attached to a counter.
Number + Counter (e.g., 🍎 + 3 = 사과 세 개)

Overview

有没有试过在韩国点两瓶啤酒,却因为不知道该用哪个“二”而惊慌失措?你不是一个人。韩语有两套完全不同的数字系统:汉字词数字(基于中文)和固有词数字(纯韩语)。今天,我们将掌握固有词数字(1-99)。这些是“生存数字”——用来数实物、说年龄和数人的数字。把它们想象成“计数”数字。如果你能摸到它或用手指通过它,你可能就用这个系统。刚开始感觉有点棘手,但一旦你掌握了hanadulset的节奏,它就会变得自然而然。

How This Grammar Works

固有词数字严格用于计数数量年龄。你不要将它们用于金钱、日期或电话号码(那是另一个系统的工作)。这里的感觉是有机的,以人为本的。当你数照片里的人、桌上的烧酒瓶或时钟上的小时时,你依靠这些固有词根。它们通常用到99。100以后,韩语几乎完全切换到汉字词系统,所以你在这里真的只需要背到99。最关键的是什么?有些数字在“量词”(如“个”、“名”或“瓶”)旁边时,形状会略微改变。

Formation Pattern

1
让我们破解代码。你需要记住1-10和十位数(20、30等)。
2
基础 (1-10):
3
1: hana (하나)
4
2: dul (둘)
5
3: set (셋)
6
4: net (넷)
7
5: daseot (다섯)
8
6: yeoseot (여섯)
9
7: ilgop (일곱)
10
8: yeodeol (여덟)
11
9: ahop (아홉)
12
10: yeol (열)
13
十位数 (20-90):
14
20: seumul (스물)
15
30: seoreun (서른)
16
40: maheun (마흔)
17
50: swin (쉰)
18
60: yesun (예순)
19
70: ilheun (이른)
20
80: yeodeun (여든)
21
90: aheun (아흔)
22
组合:
23
就像英语“twenty-one”一样,你把十位和个位放在一起。
24
21 = seumul (20) + hana (1) → seumul-hana
25
35 = seoreun (30) + daseot (5) → seoreun-daseot
26
变形者 (关键!):
27
数字1、2、3、4和20在后面跟量词(如gaemyeongsal)时会改变形状。
28
1: hanahan (han gae)
29
2: duldu (du myeong)
30
3: setse (se byeong)
31
4: netne (ne si)
32
20: seumulseumu (seumu sal)

When To Use It

在这三种主要情况下使用固有词数字:
  • 数实物: “三个苹果” (sagwa se gae),“两张票” (pyo du jang)。
  • 年龄: “我25岁” (seumul-daseot sal)。
  • 小时 (时间): “5点了” (daseot si)。 *注意:分钟使用另一个系统!*

Common Mistakes

  • 在时间中混合系统:il-si (汉字词1 + 时) 而不是 han-si (固有词1 + 时)。小时总是喜欢固有词数字。
  • 忘记变形:hana myeong (一名) 而不是正确的 han myeong。这听起来很笨拙。
  • 用于金钱: 你永远不会付 daseot won。钱严格是汉字词 (o won)。
  • 在大数字中过度使用: 对于60或70以上的数字,年轻的韩国人为了简单起见经常切换到汉字词数字,但严格来说,年龄是固有词。

Contrast With Similar Patterns

固有词 vs. 汉字词 (对决):
  • 固有词 (Hana, Dul, Set): 自然、人、物体、小时、年龄。大约1-99。
  • 汉字词 (Il, I, Sam): 数学、金钱、日期、分钟、地址、电话号码、100以上的数字。
*这样想:固有词是为了现实世界(你摸得到的东西),汉字词是为了数据世界(你计算的东西)。*

Quick FAQ

问: 我真的需要学像60、70、80这样的十位数吗?
答: 老实说?20、30、40和50是最常见的。人们很少在闲聊中说他们的年龄是“yeodeun”(80);他们可能会切换系统。但知道1-50是没商量的。
问: 零呢?
答: 固有词没有真正的“零”。我们使用汉字词的 yeonggong
问: 为什么20变成 seumu
答: 只是为了流畅!seumul sal 很难说得快。seumu sal 顺口多了。

Native Number Forms

Number Base Form With Counter
1
하나
2
3
4
5
다섯
다섯
10
20
스물
스무
30
서른
서른

Irregular Number Changes

Number Original Modified
1
하나
2
3
4
20
스물
스무

Meanings

The native Korean number system is used primarily for counting physical objects, people, and telling the hour of the day.

1

Counting Objects

Used with counters to quantify items.

“책 두 권 (two books)”

“사람 세 명 (three people)”

2

Telling Time

Used specifically for the hour portion of time.

“한 시 (1:00)”

“다섯 시 (5:00)”

Reference Table

Reference table for 固有词数字 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
数字 基本形式 接量词时 (变形) 例子
1
hana (하나)
han (한)
han gae (1 item)
2
dul (둘)
du (두)
du myeong (2 people)
3
set (셋)
se (세)
se si (3 o'clock)
4
net (넷)
ne (네)
ne mari (4 animals)
10
yeol (열)
yeol (열) - No change
yeol sal (10 years old)
20
seumul (스물)
seumu (스무)
seumu beon (20 times)

正式程度

正式
사과 한 개 있습니다.

사과 한 개 있습니다. (Daily life)

中性
사과 한 개 있어요.

사과 한 개 있어요. (Daily life)

非正式
사과 한 개 있어.

사과 한 개 있어. (Daily life)

俚语
사과 한 개 있네.

사과 한 개 있네. (Daily life)

固有词数词使用地图

固有词数词

实体物品

  • Bottles 瓶 (Byeong)
  • People 人 (Myeong)

时间与年龄

  • Hours 点 (Si)
  • Age 岁 (Sal)

变身小能手:基本形式 vs. 接量词形式

基本形式
하나 (Hana) 1
둘 (Dul) 2
셋 (Set) 3
스물 (Seumul) 20
接量词形式
한 (Han) 1个
두 (Du) 2个人
세 (Se) 3只动物
스무 (Seumu) 20岁

如何选择数词系统?

1

你是在数实体物品或人吗?

YES
用固有词数词 (하나, 둘...)
NO
下一个问题
2

是关于年龄或小时吗?

YES
用固有词数词 (하나, 둘...)
NO
用汉字词数词 (일, 이, 삼...)

固有词的“几十”们

👶

小几十

  • 10: 열 (Yeol)
  • 20: 스물 (Seumul)
  • 30: 서른 (Seoreun)
👴

大几十

  • 50: 쉰 (Swin)
  • 60: 예순 (Yesun)
  • 90: 아흔 (Aheun)

按水平分级的例句

1

사과 한 개 주세요.

Please give me one apple.

2

지금 두 시예요.

It is two o'clock now.

3

책 세 권 있어요.

I have three books.

4

네 명이에요.

There are four people.

1

스무 살이에요.

I am twenty years old.

2

다섯 명 왔어요.

Five people came.

3

여섯 시에 만나요.

Let's meet at six o'clock.

4

열 개 샀어요.

I bought ten items.

1

서른다섯 살에 결혼했어요.

I got married at thirty-five.

2

일흔일곱 개가 필요해요.

I need seventy-seven items.

3

아홉 시 반에 시작해요.

It starts at nine-thirty.

4

여든 명의 학생이 있어요.

There are eighty students.

1

마흔두 살의 나이로 은퇴했습니다.

I retired at the age of forty-two.

2

쉰여섯 개의 상자를 옮겼어요.

I moved fifty-six boxes.

3

일곱 시 사십 분에 도착합니다.

I arrive at seven-forty.

4

예순아홉 명의 참가자가 있습니다.

There are sixty-nine participants.

1

아흔아홉 번의 시도 끝에 성공했습니다.

I succeeded after ninety-nine attempts.

2

열여덟 살의 청년이 도전했습니다.

An eighteen-year-old youth took on the challenge.

3

스물네 시간 동안 쉬지 않았습니다.

I didn't rest for twenty-four hours.

4

열다섯 명의 전문가가 모였습니다.

Fifteen experts gathered.

1

일흔두 살의 노장이 다시 일어섰습니다.

The seventy-two-year-old veteran stood up again.

2

여든여덟 개의 별이 빛나고 있습니다.

Eighty-eight stars are shining.

3

마흔아홉 명의 사상자가 발생했습니다.

Forty-nine casualties occurred.

4

예순다섯 번의 회의를 거쳤습니다.

We went through sixty-five meetings.

容易混淆

Native Korean Numbers 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set) 对比 Sino-Korean vs Native

Learners mix them up constantly.

Native Korean Numbers 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set) 对比 Age Counter

Using '살' with Sino-Korean.

Native Korean Numbers 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set) 对比 Time Counter

Using Native for minutes.

常见错误

하나 개

한 개

1 changes to '한' before a counter.

둘 시

두 시

2 changes to '두' before '시'.

셋 명

세 명

3 changes to '세' before a counter.

넷 개

네 개

4 changes to '네' before a counter.

일십 개

열 개

Use native for counting objects.

이십 살

스무 살

20 changes to '스무' before '살'.

삼 시

세 시

Use native for hours.

백 개

백 개 (Sino-Korean)

Native numbers stop at 99.

오십 살

쉰 살

Use native for age.

십 시

열 시

Use native for hours.

일흔일곱 시

일곱 시

Time only goes to 12.

스물 개

스무 개

20 changes to '스무' before counter.

아흔아홉 살

아흔아홉 살

Correct, but check context.

句型

저는 ___ 살이에요.

지금 ___ 시예요.

사과 ___ 개 주세요.

친구 ___ 명 있어요.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

김밥 두 줄 주세요.

Telling time very common

지금 세 시예요.

Age common

저는 스물다섯 살이에요.

Shopping common

이거 한 개 얼마예요?

Social media occasional

친구 세 명이랑 왔어요.

Job interview formal

경력은 세 해입니다.

🎯

1-2-3-4 变身小秘诀

只有 1、2、3、4 和 20 这些数字,碰到量词的时候会偷偷变个样子。其他数字比如 5、6、7 就很省心,它们不会变!比如你想说“两个啤酒”,«맥주 두 병»
💬

点餐小妙招

在吵闹的餐厅里,直接伸出手指,然后说 «두 명» (两个人)超级管用又很自然哦!
⚠️

数钱别用它

这些数字绝对不能用来数钱的价格!比如一千韩元,要说 «천 원»,而不是 «하나 원»。

Smart Tips

Always check if the number is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 20.

하나 개 한 개

Use native for the hour, Sino for the minute.

일 시 이십 분 한 시 이십 분

Always use native numbers.

이십 살 스무 살

Use '명' for people.

세 사람 세 명

发音

set

Final Consonants

Final consonants in numbers like '셋' (set) are pronounced clearly.

han

Vowel Change

The change from '하나' to '한' is a reduction.

Statement

사과 한 개 있어요. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

사과 한 개 있어요? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Hana is 'One' (sounds like 'Ha!' for one winner). Dul is 'Two' (sounds like 'Dual'). Set is 'Three' (like a 'Set' of three).

视觉联想

Imagine holding one apple (Hana), two books (Dul), and three people (Set) standing in a line.

Rhyme

Hana, Dul, Set, count them all, Native numbers stand so tall.

Story

I went to the store and bought one (Hana) apple. Then I saw two (Dul) dogs. Finally, I met three (Set) friends. We all went home at five (다섯) o'clock.

Word Web

하나다섯스물

挑战

Count everything on your desk right now using native numbers and the counter '개'.

文化笔记

Native numbers are used for age, which is traditionally counted differently (Korean age).

The usage is similar, but formal speech levels differ slightly.

Many Korean-Americans use Sino-Korean numbers for everything due to English influence.

Native Korean numbers are indigenous to the Korean peninsula, predating the adoption of Chinese characters.

对话开场白

지금 몇 시예요?

사과 몇 개 있어요?

몇 살이에요?

친구 몇 명 있어요?

日记主题

Write about your morning routine using time.
List 5 items you bought today.
Describe your family members' ages.
Write about a group trip you took.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

用 '一' 的正确形式填空。

Coffee ___ cup please. (kheopi ___ jan juseyo)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: han
因为后面跟了量词 («잔»),«하나» 变为了 «한»。
选择正确表示“两点”的句子: 多项选择

Select the correct time phrase:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du si (두 시)
小时用固有词数词,«둘» 在量词/名词前变为了 «두»。
找出计数中的错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Students: 'Set myeong' (3 people)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Should be 'Se myeong'
«셋» (3) 在和 «명» 这样的量词一起使用时,必须变为 «세»。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form for 1 apple.

사과 ___ 개

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
1 changes to '한' before a counter.
Which is correct for 2 o'clock? 多项选择

___ 시

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
2 changes to '두' before '시'.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

셋 명

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 명
3 changes to '세' before a counter.
Order the words. Sentence Building

개 / 한 / 사과 / 있어요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사과 한 개 있어요
Subject + Object + Verb order.
Translate to Korean. 翻译

Three people

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세 명
Use native numbers for people.
Match the number to its counter form. Match Pairs

1 -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
1 becomes 한.
What is 20 with a counter? Conjugation Drill

20 + 개

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 스무 개
20 becomes 스무.
Is this true? True False Rule

Native numbers are used for dates.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Dates use Sino-Korean.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
为“4个物品”填空。 填空

Give me ___ items. (___ gae juseyo)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ne
完成年龄表达:20岁。 填空

I am ___ years old. (___ sal)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: seumu
选择数5瓶的正确方式。 多项选择

5 bottles of soju

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Daseot byeong
哪个数字在量词前不会变身? 多项选择

Identify the stable number:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Daseot (5)
改正错误:'我10岁。' Error Correction

Yeol-hana sal (10 years old)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yeol sal
改正时间表达:'6点。' Error Correction

Yuk si

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yeoseot si
将固有词数词与其含义正确匹配。 Match Pairs

Match correctly:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Hana:1","Dul:2","Set:3","Net:4"]
将几十几十的说法与数字匹配。 Match Pairs

Match correctly:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Seumul:20","Seoreun:30","Maheun:40","Swin:50"]
排列单词,说“请给我两个披萨”。 Sentence Reorder

juseyo / pija / pan / du

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pija du pan juseyo
排列单词,说“我21岁”。 Sentence Reorder

sal / seumul-hana / ieyo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: seumul-hana sal ieyo
将“三个人”翻译成韩语。 翻译

Three people

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se myeong
将“7点”翻译成韩语。 翻译

7 o'clock

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ilgop si

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

One is native Korean, one is Sino-Korean. They serve different purposes.

For counting items, people, and hours.

It's a form change when adding a counter.

No, money always uses Sino-Korean.

You switch to Sino-Korean numbers.

Age is always native.

Yes, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20.

Minutes use Sino-Korean numbers.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

Hitotsu, Futatsu, Mittsu

Japanese native numbers are used for a wider range of items.

Spanish low

Uno, Dos, Tres

No distinction between native and Sino-Korean systems.

German low

Eins, Zwei, Drei

No form changes based on counters.

French low

Un, Deux, Trois

No distinction between counting systems.

Arabic low

Wahid, Ithnan, Thalatha

Korean uses counters, Arabic uses gender agreement.

Chinese low

Yi, Er, San

Korean has two systems; Chinese has one.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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