Números Coreanos Nativos 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Native Korean numbers are used for counting items and telling the hour, unlike the Sino-Korean system used for dates and money.
- Use native numbers for counting objects (e.g., 'three apples').
- Use native numbers for telling the hour (e.g., 'two o'clock').
- Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 change their form when attached to a counter.
Overview
dos usar? No estás solo. El coreano tiene dos sistemas numéricos completamente diferentes: sino-coreano (basado en chino) y coreano nativo.números de supervivencia—los que usas para contar cosas físicas, decir tu edad y contar personas. Piénsalos como los números para
contar.hana, dul, set, se vuelve natural.How This Grammar Works
palabra contadora (como piezas, personas o botellas).Formation Pattern
hana (하나)
dul (둘)
set (셋)
net (넷)
daseot (다섯)
yeoseot (여섯)
ilgop (일곱)
yeodeol (여덟)
ahop (아홉)
yeol (열)
seumul (스물)
seoreun (서른)
maheun (마흔)
swin (쉰)
yesun (예순)
ilheun (이른)
yeodeun (여든)
aheun (아흔)
veintiuno, juntas la decena y el uno.
seumul (20) + hana (1) → seumul-hana
seoreun (30) + daseot (5) → seoreun-daseot
gae, myeong, sal).
hana → han (han gae)
dul → du (du myeong)
set → se (se byeong)
net → ne (ne si)
seumul → seumu (seumu sal)
When To Use It
- Contar objetos físicos:
Tres manzanas(sagwa se gae),Dos boletos(pyo du jang). - Edad:
Tengo 25 años(seumul-daseot sal). - Horas (Tiempo):
Son las 5 en punto
(daseot si). *Nota: ¡Los minutos usan el otro sistema!*
Common Mistakes
- Mezclar sistemas en la hora: Decir
il-si(Sino 1 + hora) en lugar dehan-si(Nativo 1 + hora). Las horas siempre aman los números nativos. - Olvidar el cambio de forma: Decir
hana myeong(una persona) en lugar del correctohan myeong. Suena torpe. - Usarlos para dinero: Nunca pagas
daseot won. El dinero es estrictamente sino-coreano (o won). - Sobreusarlos para números altos: Para números arriba de 60 o 70, los coreanos más jóvenes a menudo cambian a números sino-coreanos por simplicidad, pero estrictamente hablando, la edad es nativa.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Nativo (Hana, Dul, Set): Naturaleza, gente, cosas, horas, edad. Más o menos 1-99.
- Sino (Il, I, Sam): Mate, dinero, fechas, minutos, direcciones, números de teléfono, números arriba de 100.
Quick FAQ
R: ¿Honestamente? 20, 30, 40 y 50 son los más comunes. La gente raramente dice que su edad es yeodeun (80) en una charla casual; podrían cambiar de sistema. Pero saber 1-50 es no negociable.
R: El coreano nativo no tiene realmente un cero. Usamos el sino-coreano yeong o gong.
seumu?R: ¡Es solo por fluidez! seumul sal es difícil de decir rápido. seumu sal fluye mucho mejor.
Native Number Forms
| Number | Base Form | With Counter |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
하나
|
한
|
|
2
|
둘
|
두
|
|
3
|
셋
|
세
|
|
4
|
넷
|
네
|
|
5
|
다섯
|
다섯
|
|
10
|
열
|
열
|
|
20
|
스물
|
스무
|
|
30
|
서른
|
서른
|
Irregular Number Changes
| Number | Original | Modified |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
하나
|
한
|
|
2
|
둘
|
두
|
|
3
|
셋
|
세
|
|
4
|
넷
|
네
|
|
20
|
스물
|
스무
|
Meanings
The native Korean number system is used primarily for counting physical objects, people, and telling the hour of the day.
Counting Objects
Used with counters to quantify items.
“책 두 권 (two books)”
“사람 세 명 (three people)”
Telling Time
Used specifically for the hour portion of time.
“한 시 (1:00)”
“다섯 시 (5:00)”
Reference Table
| Número | Forma estándar | Antes de un contador | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
hana (하나)
|
han (한)
|
han gae (1 objeto)
|
|
2
|
dul (둘)
|
du (두)
|
du myeong (2 personas)
|
|
3
|
set (셋)
|
se (세)
|
se si (3 en punto)
|
|
4
|
net (넷)
|
ne (네)
|
ne mari (4 animales)
|
|
10
|
yeol (열)
|
yeol (열) - Sin cambio
|
yeol sal (10 años)
|
|
20
|
seumul (스물)
|
seumu (스무)
|
seumu beon (20 veces)
|
Espectro de formalidad
사과 한 개 있습니다. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있어요. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있어. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있네. (Daily life)
Mapa de uso de números nativos
Objetos físicos
- Botellas 병 (Byeong)
- Personas 명 (Myeong)
Tiempo y Edad
- Horas 시 (Si)
- Edad 살 (Sal)
Cambiantes: Forma estándar vs. Con contador
¿Qué sistema numérico usar?
¿Estás contando objetos físicos o personas?
¿Se trata de la Edad o las Horas?
Las decenas nativas
Decenas bajas
- • 10: 열 (Yeol)
- • 20: 스물 (Seumul)
- • 30: 서른 (Seoreun)
Decenas altas
- • 50: 쉰 (Swin)
- • 60: 예순 (Yesun)
- • 90: 아흔 (Aheun)
Ejemplos por nivel
사과 한 개 주세요.
Please give me one apple.
지금 두 시예요.
It is two o'clock now.
책 세 권 있어요.
I have three books.
네 명이에요.
There are four people.
스무 살이에요.
I am twenty years old.
다섯 명 왔어요.
Five people came.
여섯 시에 만나요.
Let's meet at six o'clock.
열 개 샀어요.
I bought ten items.
서른다섯 살에 결혼했어요.
I got married at thirty-five.
일흔일곱 개가 필요해요.
I need seventy-seven items.
아홉 시 반에 시작해요.
It starts at nine-thirty.
여든 명의 학생이 있어요.
There are eighty students.
마흔두 살의 나이로 은퇴했습니다.
I retired at the age of forty-two.
쉰여섯 개의 상자를 옮겼어요.
I moved fifty-six boxes.
일곱 시 사십 분에 도착합니다.
I arrive at seven-forty.
예순아홉 명의 참가자가 있습니다.
There are sixty-nine participants.
아흔아홉 번의 시도 끝에 성공했습니다.
I succeeded after ninety-nine attempts.
열여덟 살의 청년이 도전했습니다.
An eighteen-year-old youth took on the challenge.
스물네 시간 동안 쉬지 않았습니다.
I didn't rest for twenty-four hours.
열다섯 명의 전문가가 모였습니다.
Fifteen experts gathered.
일흔두 살의 노장이 다시 일어섰습니다.
The seventy-two-year-old veteran stood up again.
여든여덟 개의 별이 빛나고 있습니다.
Eighty-eight stars are shining.
마흔아홉 명의 사상자가 발생했습니다.
Forty-nine casualties occurred.
예순다섯 번의 회의를 거쳤습니다.
We went through sixty-five meetings.
Fácil de confundir
Learners mix them up constantly.
Using '살' with Sino-Korean.
Using Native for minutes.
Errores comunes
하나 개
한 개
둘 시
두 시
셋 명
세 명
넷 개
네 개
일십 개
열 개
이십 살
스무 살
삼 시
세 시
백 개
백 개 (Sino-Korean)
오십 살
쉰 살
십 시
열 시
일흔일곱 시
일곱 시
스물 개
스무 개
아흔아홉 살
아흔아홉 살
Patrones de oraciones
저는 ___ 살이에요.
지금 ___ 시예요.
사과 ___ 개 주세요.
친구 ___ 명 있어요.
Real World Usage
김밥 두 줄 주세요.
지금 세 시예요.
저는 스물다섯 살이에요.
이거 한 개 얼마예요?
친구 세 명이랑 왔어요.
경력은 세 해입니다.
La regla del 1-2-3-4
Pidiendo comida
No cuentes dinero así
Smart Tips
Always check if the number is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 20.
Use native for the hour, Sino for the minute.
Always use native numbers.
Use '명' for people.
Pronunciación
Final Consonants
Final consonants in numbers like '셋' (set) are pronounced clearly.
Vowel Change
The change from '하나' to '한' is a reduction.
Statement
사과 한 개 있어요. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
사과 한 개 있어요? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Hana is 'One' (sounds like 'Ha!' for one winner). Dul is 'Two' (sounds like 'Dual'). Set is 'Three' (like a 'Set' of three).
Asociación visual
Imagine holding one apple (Hana), two books (Dul), and three people (Set) standing in a line.
Rhyme
Hana, Dul, Set, count them all, Native numbers stand so tall.
Story
I went to the store and bought one (Hana) apple. Then I saw two (Dul) dogs. Finally, I met three (Set) friends. We all went home at five (다섯) o'clock.
Word Web
Desafío
Count everything on your desk right now using native numbers and the counter '개'.
Notas culturales
Native numbers are used for age, which is traditionally counted differently (Korean age).
The usage is similar, but formal speech levels differ slightly.
Many Korean-Americans use Sino-Korean numbers for everything due to English influence.
Native Korean numbers are indigenous to the Korean peninsula, predating the adoption of Chinese characters.
Inicios de conversación
지금 몇 시예요?
사과 몇 개 있어요?
몇 살이에요?
친구 몇 명 있어요?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
Café ___ taza por favor. (kheopi ___ jan juseyo)
hana cambia a han.Selecciona la frase horaria correcta:
dul cambia a du antes de un contador.Estudiantes: 'Set myeong' (3 personas)
Set (3) debe cambiar a se cuando se usa con un contador como myeong.Score: /3
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercises사과 ___ 개
___ 시
Find and fix the mistake:
셋 명
개 / 한 / 사과 / 있어요
Three people
1 -> ?
20 + 개
Native numbers are used for dates.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesDame ___ objetos. (___ gae juseyo)
Tengo ___ años. (___ sal)
5 botellas de soju
Identifica el número estable:
Yeol-hana sal (10 años)
Yuk si
Une correctamente:
Une correctamente:
juseyo / pija / pan / du
sal / seumul-hana / ieyo
Tres personas
7 en punto
Score: /12
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
One is native Korean, one is Sino-Korean. They serve different purposes.
For counting items, people, and hours.
It's a form change when adding a counter.
No, money always uses Sino-Korean.
You switch to Sino-Korean numbers.
Age is always native.
Yes, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20.
Minutes use Sino-Korean numbers.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hitotsu, Futatsu, Mittsu
Japanese native numbers are used for a wider range of items.
Uno, Dos, Tres
No distinction between native and Sino-Korean systems.
Eins, Zwei, Drei
No form changes based on counters.
Un, Deux, Trois
No distinction between counting systems.
Wahid, Ithnan, Thalatha
Korean uses counters, Arabic uses gender agreement.
Yi, Er, San
Korean has two systems; Chinese has one.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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