Rein-Koreanische Zahlen 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
Hana, Dul, Set!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Native Korean numbers are used for counting items and telling the hour, unlike the Sino-Korean system used for dates and money.
- Use native numbers for counting objects (e.g., 'three apples').
- Use native numbers for telling the hour (e.g., 'two o'clock').
- Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 change their form when attached to a counter.
Overview
hana, dul, set draufhast, wird es zur zweiten Natur.How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
hana (하나)
dul (둘)
set (셋)
net (넷)
daseot (다섯)
yeoseot (여섯)
ilgop (일곱)
yeodeol (여덟)
ahop (아홉)
yeol (열)
seumul (스물)
seoreun (서른)
maheun (마흔)
swin (쉰)
yesun (예순)
ilheun (이른)
yeodeun (여든)
aheun (아흔)
seumul (20) + hana (1) → seumul-hana
seoreun (30) + daseot (5) → seoreun-daseot
gae, myeong, sal).
hana → han (han gae)
dul → du (du myeong)
set → se (se byeong)
net → ne (ne si)
seumul → seumu (seumu sal)
When To Use It
- Physische Objekte zählen: „Drei Äpfel“ (
sagwa se gae), „Zwei Tickets“ (pyo du jang). - Alter: „Ich bin 25 Jahre alt“ (
seumul-daseot sal). - Stunden (Zeit): „Es ist 5 Uhr“ (
daseot si). *Hinweis: Minuten nutzen das andere System!*
Common Mistakes
- Systeme bei der Zeit mischen:
il-si(Sino 1 + Stunde) statthan-si(Rein 1 + Stunde) sagen. Stunden lieben Rein-Koreanische Zahlen. - Den Gestaltwandel vergessen:
hana myeong(eine Person) statt des korrektenhan myeongsagen. Das klingt holprig. - Für Geld benutzen: Du zahlst nie
daseot won. Geld ist strikt Sino-Koreanisch (o won). - Übernutzung bei hohen Zahlen: Für Zahlen über 60 oder 70 wechseln jüngere Koreaner oft zu Sino-Koreanischen Zahlen der Einfachheit halber, aber strikt genommen ist Alter rein-koreanisch.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Rein (Hana, Dul, Set): Natur, Menschen, Dinge, Stunden, Alter. Grob 1-99.
- Sino (Il, I, Sam): Mathe, Geld, Daten, Minuten, Adressen, Telefonnummern, Zahlen über 100.
Quick FAQ
Ehrlich? 20, 30, 40 und 50 sind die häufigsten. Leute sagen selten, ihr Alter ist „yeodeun“ (80) im lockeren Chat; sie wechseln vielleicht das System. Aber 1-50 ist Pflicht.
Rein-Koreanisch hat keine wirkliche „Null“. Wir benutzen das Sino-Koreanische yeong oder gong.
seumu?Nur für den Fluss! seumul sal ist schwer schnell zu sagen. seumu sal rollt leichter über die Zunge.
Native Number Forms
| Number | Base Form | With Counter |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
하나
|
한
|
|
2
|
둘
|
두
|
|
3
|
셋
|
세
|
|
4
|
넷
|
네
|
|
5
|
다섯
|
다섯
|
|
10
|
열
|
열
|
|
20
|
스물
|
스무
|
|
30
|
서른
|
서른
|
Irregular Number Changes
| Number | Original | Modified |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
하나
|
한
|
|
2
|
둘
|
두
|
|
3
|
셋
|
세
|
|
4
|
넷
|
네
|
|
20
|
스물
|
스무
|
Meanings
The native Korean number system is used primarily for counting physical objects, people, and telling the hour of the day.
Counting Objects
Used with counters to quantify items.
“책 두 권 (two books)”
“사람 세 명 (three people)”
Telling Time
Used specifically for the hour portion of time.
“한 시 (1:00)”
“다섯 시 (5:00)”
Reference Table
| Zahl | Standardform | Vor Zählwort | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
hana (하나)
|
han (한)
|
han gae (1 Stück)
|
|
2
|
dul (둘)
|
du (두)
|
du myeong (2 Personen)
|
|
3
|
set (셋)
|
se (세)
|
se si (3 Uhr)
|
|
4
|
net (넷)
|
ne (네)
|
ne mari (4 Tiere)
|
|
10
|
yeol (열)
|
yeol (열)
|
yeol sal (10 Jahre alt)
|
|
20
|
seumul (스물)
|
seumu (스무)
|
seumu beon (20 Mal)
|
Formalitätsspektrum
사과 한 개 있습니다. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있어요. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있어. (Daily life)
사과 한 개 있네. (Daily life)
Nutzungskarte für rein koreanische Zahlen
Gegenstände
- Flaschen 병 (Byeong)
- Personen 명 (Myeong)
Zeit & Alter
- Stunden 시 (Si)
- Alter 살 (Sal)
Formwandler: Standard vs. Zählform
Welches Zahlensystem soll ich nutzen?
Zählst du Gegenstände oder Personen?
Geht es um Alter oder Stunden?
Die koreanischen Zehner
Kleine Zehner
- • 10: 열 (Yeol)
- • 20: 스물 (Seumul)
- • 30: 서른 (Seoreun)
Große Zehner
- • 50: 쉰 (Swin)
- • 60: 예순 (Yesun)
- • 90: 아흔 (Aheun)
Beispiele nach Niveau
사과 한 개 주세요.
Please give me one apple.
지금 두 시예요.
It is two o'clock now.
책 세 권 있어요.
I have three books.
네 명이에요.
There are four people.
스무 살이에요.
I am twenty years old.
다섯 명 왔어요.
Five people came.
여섯 시에 만나요.
Let's meet at six o'clock.
열 개 샀어요.
I bought ten items.
서른다섯 살에 결혼했어요.
I got married at thirty-five.
일흔일곱 개가 필요해요.
I need seventy-seven items.
아홉 시 반에 시작해요.
It starts at nine-thirty.
여든 명의 학생이 있어요.
There are eighty students.
마흔두 살의 나이로 은퇴했습니다.
I retired at the age of forty-two.
쉰여섯 개의 상자를 옮겼어요.
I moved fifty-six boxes.
일곱 시 사십 분에 도착합니다.
I arrive at seven-forty.
예순아홉 명의 참가자가 있습니다.
There are sixty-nine participants.
아흔아홉 번의 시도 끝에 성공했습니다.
I succeeded after ninety-nine attempts.
열여덟 살의 청년이 도전했습니다.
An eighteen-year-old youth took on the challenge.
스물네 시간 동안 쉬지 않았습니다.
I didn't rest for twenty-four hours.
열다섯 명의 전문가가 모였습니다.
Fifteen experts gathered.
일흔두 살의 노장이 다시 일어섰습니다.
The seventy-two-year-old veteran stood up again.
여든여덟 개의 별이 빛나고 있습니다.
Eighty-eight stars are shining.
마흔아홉 명의 사상자가 발생했습니다.
Forty-nine casualties occurred.
예순다섯 번의 회의를 거쳤습니다.
We went through sixty-five meetings.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners mix them up constantly.
Using '살' with Sino-Korean.
Using Native for minutes.
Häufige Fehler
하나 개
한 개
둘 시
두 시
셋 명
세 명
넷 개
네 개
일십 개
열 개
이십 살
스무 살
삼 시
세 시
백 개
백 개 (Sino-Korean)
오십 살
쉰 살
십 시
열 시
일흔일곱 시
일곱 시
스물 개
스무 개
아흔아홉 살
아흔아홉 살
Satzmuster
저는 ___ 살이에요.
지금 ___ 시예요.
사과 ___ 개 주세요.
친구 ___ 명 있어요.
Real World Usage
김밥 두 줄 주세요.
지금 세 시예요.
저는 스물다섯 살이에요.
이거 한 개 얼마예요?
친구 세 명이랑 왔어요.
경력은 세 해입니다.
Die 1-2-3-4 Regel
Essen bestellen
Zähl kein Geld
cheon won, nicht «사과 하나 원 이에요».Smart Tips
Always check if the number is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 20.
Use native for the hour, Sino for the minute.
Always use native numbers.
Use '명' for people.
Aussprache
Final Consonants
Final consonants in numbers like '셋' (set) are pronounced clearly.
Vowel Change
The change from '하나' to '한' is a reduction.
Statement
사과 한 개 있어요. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
사과 한 개 있어요? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Hana is 'One' (sounds like 'Ha!' for one winner). Dul is 'Two' (sounds like 'Dual'). Set is 'Three' (like a 'Set' of three).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine holding one apple (Hana), two books (Dul), and three people (Set) standing in a line.
Rhyme
Hana, Dul, Set, count them all, Native numbers stand so tall.
Story
I went to the store and bought one (Hana) apple. Then I saw two (Dul) dogs. Finally, I met three (Set) friends. We all went home at five (다섯) o'clock.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Count everything on your desk right now using native numbers and the counter '개'.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Native numbers are used for age, which is traditionally counted differently (Korean age).
The usage is similar, but formal speech levels differ slightly.
Many Korean-Americans use Sino-Korean numbers for everything due to English influence.
Native Korean numbers are indigenous to the Korean peninsula, predating the adoption of Chinese characters.
Gesprächseinstiege
지금 몇 시예요?
사과 몇 개 있어요?
몇 살이에요?
친구 몇 명 있어요?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
Coffee ___ cup please. (kheopi ___ jan juseyo)
hana zu han verkürzt.Wähle die richtige Uhrzeit:
dul wird vor si zu du.Find and fix the mistake:
Studenten: 'Set myeong' (3 Personen)
Set (3) muss sich zu se verändern, wenn ein Zählwort wie myeong folgt.Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercises사과 ___ 개
___ 시
Find and fix the mistake:
셋 명
개 / 한 / 사과 / 있어요
Three people
1 -> ?
20 + 개
Native numbers are used for dates.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesGib mir ___ Gegenstände. (___ gae juseyo)
Ich bin ___ Jahre alt. (___ sal)
5 Flaschen Soju
Welche Zahl bleibt stabil?
Yeol-hana sal (10 Jahre alt)
Yuk si
Ordne richtig zu:
Ordne die Zehner zu:
juseyo / pija / pan / du
sal / seumul-hana / ieyo
Drei Personen
7 Uhr
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
One is native Korean, one is Sino-Korean. They serve different purposes.
For counting items, people, and hours.
It's a form change when adding a counter.
No, money always uses Sino-Korean.
You switch to Sino-Korean numbers.
Age is always native.
Yes, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20.
Minutes use Sino-Korean numbers.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hitotsu, Futatsu, Mittsu
Japanese native numbers are used for a wider range of items.
Uno, Dos, Tres
No distinction between native and Sino-Korean systems.
Eins, Zwei, Drei
No form changes based on counters.
Un, Deux, Trois
No distinction between counting systems.
Wahid, Ithnan, Thalatha
Korean uses counters, Arabic uses gender agreement.
Yi, Er, San
Korean has two systems; Chinese has one.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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