When something is 坚硬 (jiānyìng), it means it's very hard and strong. Think of things like rocks or concrete; they are 坚硬. You can't easily break them or change their shape.
For example, if you say一块坚硬的石头 (yí kuài jiānyìng de shítou), you're talking about a hard rock. Or, if someone has a very firm will, you could say他们有坚硬的意志 (tāmen yǒu jiānyìng de yìzhì). It's a useful word for describing physical hardness or even firmness in character.
रोचक तथ्य
Both characters are commonly used in various compounds related to strength and hardness.
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
While 坚硬 means 'hard', it's a specific type of hardness. For general 'hard', use 硬 (yìng).
Use 结实 (jiēshi) for things that are well-built and can withstand wear and tear, rather than purely hard materials.
Use 牢固 (láogù) or 固定 (gùdìng) when describing something that is stable, unmoving, or strongly fastened, not necessarily the hardness of the material itself.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
"坚硬无比"
extremely hard; incomparably firm
这块石头坚硬无比，很难被打破。
neutral"坚硬如铁"
as hard as iron
他的意志坚硬如铁，绝不退缩。
neutral"坚硬的地面"
hard ground
我们在坚硬的地面上搭帐篷。
neutral"坚硬的心"
a hard heart (unyielding, unsympathetic)
他有一颗坚硬的心，不为所动。
neutral"坚硬的岩石"
hard rock
攀登坚硬的岩石需要技巧和力量。
neutral"坚硬的木头"
hardwood
这种家具是用坚硬的木头做的。
neutral"坚硬的表皮"
hard shell/skin
乌龟有坚硬的表皮来保护自己。
neutral"坚硬的性格"
tough personality
她有着坚硬的性格，从不轻易放弃。
neutral"坚硬的质地"
hard texture
这种布料的质地很坚硬。
neutral"坚硬的外壳"
hard outer casing
核桃有坚硬的外壳。
neutralआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both 坚硬 (jiānyìng) and 硬 (yìng) can mean 'hard'. However, 硬 is a more general term and can describe many types of hardness, including things that are tough or unyielding. 坚硬 specifically emphasizes a robust, unyielding, or solid hardness.
硬 is a general term for 'hard'; 坚硬 implies a more significant, often intrinsic, hardness or firmness. Think of 坚硬 as 'rock-hard' or 'solidly firm'.
这块石头很硬。(Zhè kuài shítou hěn yìng.) - This stone is very hard. (General hardness) 这块石头非常坚硬，很难打碎。(Zhè kuài shítou fēicháng jiānyìng, hěn nán dǎ suì.) - This stone is extremely hard, very difficult to break. (Emphasizing robust, solid hardness)
结实 (jiēshi) can mean 'sturdy' or 'durable', which might be confused with the 'firm' aspect of 坚硬 (jiānyìng). While related, they describe different qualities.
坚硬 describes physical hardness or firmness (e.g., a hard material). 结实 describes sturdiness, durability, or being well-built, implying it can withstand force without breaking (e.g., a sturdy table, a strong person).
这把椅子很结实。(Zhè bǎ yǐzi hěn jiēshi.) - This chair is very sturdy. (Well-built, durable) 这块木头很坚硬，不容易留下划痕。(Zhè kuài mùtou hěn jiānyìng, bù róngyì liú xià huáhén.) - This piece of wood is very hard, not easy to leave scratches. (Physical hardness)
牢固 (láogù) means 'firm' or 'secure', which directly overlaps with one aspect of 坚硬 (jiānyìng). The confusion lies in their application.
坚硬 primarily describes a material's intrinsic hardness or firmness. 牢固 often describes something that is securely fixed, stable, or strong in its construction or position, preventing it from moving or breaking. It's more about stability and security than material hardness.
这座桥很牢固，能承受很大的重量。(Zhè zuò qiáo hěn láogù, néng chéngshòu hěn dà de zhòngliàng.) - This bridge is very secure/firm, it can bear a lot of weight. (Securely built) 钻石是一种非常坚硬的物质。(Zuànshí shì yī zhǒng fēicháng jiānyìng de wùzhì.) - Diamond is a very hard substance. (Material hardness)
刚硬 (gāngyìng) means 'hard' or 'unyielding', similar to 坚硬 (jiānyìng). However, 刚硬 often carries a stronger connotation of inflexibility or sternness, sometimes even rigidity in character.
坚硬 is more about physical hardness. 刚硬 can also describe physical hardness but often extends to describe an unyielding, inflexible, or stern quality, sometimes metaphorically (e.g., a person's character).
这块金属非常刚硬，很难弯曲。(Zhè kuài jīnshǔ fēicháng gāngyìng, hěn nán wānqū.) - This metal is very hard/inflexible, difficult to bend. (Physical inflexibility) 他性格刚硬，不容易妥协。(Tā xìnggé gāngyìng, bù róngyì tuǒxié.) - He has an unyielding/stern character, not easy to compromise. (Character trait)
固定 (gùdìng) means 'fixed' or 'stationary', which might be associated with 'firm' in the sense of not moving. However, it's about position, not material quality.
坚硬 describes the physical property of a material (hard, firm). 固定 describes something being held in place, stable, or unchanging in its position or state. It's about being set, not about being made of a hard substance.
请把这张桌子固定住，不要让它晃动。(Qǐng bǎ zhè zhāng zhuōzi gùdìng zhù, bù yào ràng tā huàngdòng.) - Please fix this table in place, don't let it wobble. (Securing position) 这座雕塑是由非常坚硬的花岗岩制成的。(Zhè zuò diāosù shì yóu fēicháng jiānyìng de huāgāngyán zhì chéng de.) - This sculpture is made of very hard granite. (Material hardness)
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
坚硬 (jiānyìng) is a descriptive adjective used to describe something that is physically hard, firm, or rigid. It can refer to objects that are difficult to break, cut, or deform. Think of a strong, solid surface.
A common mistake is confusing 坚硬 with other words that might mean 'difficult' or 'tough' in a different context. 坚硬 specifically refers to physical hardness. For example, you wouldn't use 坚硬 to describe a difficult problem, but you would use it for a hard rock.
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
坚 (jiān) means 'firm' or 'strong', and 硬 (yìng) means 'hard'.
मूल अर्थ: The combination emphasizes the quality of being very firm and hard.
Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Chineseसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
In Chinese culture, '坚硬' often describes not only physical objects but also abstract concepts like determination or resolve. For example, someone with a '坚硬的意志' (jiānyìng de yìzhì) has a firm will, showing resilience and strength of character.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालBoth 坚硬 (jiānyìng) and 硬 (yìng) mean 'hard.' The key difference is that 坚硬 emphasizes an unbreakable, strong, or solid hardness, often used for materials or objects that are extremely rigid and resistant to pressure. Think of it like 'adamant' or 'rock-solid.' 硬 is a more general term for hardness and can be used in a wider range of contexts, including things that are just 'not soft' or 'stiff.' For example, a piece of wood can be 硬, but if it's exceptionally hard and durable, you might use 坚硬.
No, you typically wouldn't use 坚硬 to describe a person's personality directly. While 'hard' in English can sometimes refer to a tough or unyielding personality, in Chinese, 坚硬 is almost exclusively used for physical objects or abstract concepts relating to firmness (like a 'firm will'). For a tough or unyielding personality, you might use words like 坚强 (jiānqiáng) which means 'strong, firm, staunch,' or 顽强 (wánqiáng) which means 'tenacious, indomitable.'
You can say 很坚硬 (hěn jiānyìng) or 非常坚硬 (fēicháng jiānyìng) for 'very hard' or 'extremely hard.' The structure is straightforward: adverb + 坚硬.
A common opposite for 坚硬 is 柔软 (róuruǎn), which means 'soft' or 'pliable.' For example, a rock is 坚硬, and cotton is 柔软.
While primarily used for literal hardness, 坚硬 can be used metaphorically, especially when referring to things that are 'unyielding' or 'inflexible.' For instance, you might talk about a 坚硬的立场 (jiānyìng de lìchǎng) meaning a 'firm stance' or a 'hardline position.' However, this is less common than its literal usage.
You'd typically use 坚硬 for objects like rocks, diamonds, steel, or very dense wood. Things that are notably strong, rigid, and difficult to break or deform. For example:
这块石头非常坚硬。
(Zhè kuài shítou fēicháng jiānyìng.)
This piece of stone is very hard.
No, 坚硬 is an adjective. If you want to say something is done 'hardly' or 'firmly,' you'd use a different construction, often with the adverbial particle 地 (de) and another adjective, or a dedicated adverb. For example, to say 'stand firm,' you might use 坚定地站立 (jiāndìng de zhànlì), where 坚定 (jiāndìng) means 'firm, steadfast.'
While not an idiom in the traditional sense, you often see 坚硬 paired with nouns like 岩石 (yánshí - rock), 金属 (jīnshǔ - metal), or 骨头 (gǔtou - bone) to emphasize their strong, hard nature. The most common use is simply as an adjective describing materials.
For 'solid' in the sense of being dense and not hollow, 坚硬 works well if the object is also hard. However, a more direct translation for 'solid' in that context could be 实心 (shíxīn), meaning 'solid core' or 'solid throughout.' For instance, a 实心的球 (shíxīn de qiú) is a 'solid ball,' which is usually also 坚硬.
Here's a straightforward example:
钻石是世界上最坚硬的物质。
(Zuànshí shì shìjiè shàng zuì jiānyìng de wùzhì.)
Diamonds are the hardest material in the world.
खुद को परखो 30 सवाल
这块石头很___。(Zhè kuài shítou hěn ___.) This stone is very ___.
The context implies the stone's texture, and '坚硬' (hard; firm) is the most suitable description.
他的意志非常___，从不放弃。(Tā de yìzhì fēicháng ___, cóng bù fàngqì.) His will is very ___, never giving up.
'坚硬' can also describe something firm and unyielding, like a strong will.
这种木材非常___，不容易损坏。(Zhè zhǒng mùcái fēicháng ___, bù róngyì sǔnhuài.) This kind of wood is very ___, not easy to damage.
If the wood is not easily damaged, it means it is hard or firm.
冬天，湖面结了一层___的冰。(Dōngtiān, húmiàn jiéle yī céng ___ de bīng.) In winter, the lake surface formed a layer of ___ ice.
Ice in winter is typically hard and firm.
这种塑料很___，可以承受很大的压力。(Zhè zhǒng sùliào hěn ___, kěyǐ chéngshòu hěn dà de yālì.) This kind of plastic is very ___, it can withstand great pressure.
If the plastic can withstand great pressure, it must be hard or firm.
他的手因为长时间工作变得很___。(Tā de shǒu yīnwèi cháng shíjiān gōngzuò biànde hěn ___.) His hands became very ___ because of long hours of work.
Long hours of manual work often make hands tough or calloused, which '坚硬' can describe.
The speaker is talking about a hard stone.
Listen for '坚硬' in the context of someone's will.
The sentence describes the property of a metal surface.
Read this aloud:
这木头太坚硬了，我锯不动。
Focus: 坚硬 (jiānyìng)
तुमने कहा:
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Read this aloud:
她坚硬的决心让她克服了许多困难。
Focus: 决心 (juéxīn)
तुमने कहा:
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Read this aloud:
这种材料非常坚硬，可以用于建筑。
Focus: 材料 (cáiliào)
तुमने कहा:
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这座山的山体非常___，适合攀岩运动。
“坚硬”在这里描述山体质地结实，适合攀岩。
经过长时间的训练，他的肌肉变得非常___。
“坚硬”形容肌肉结实有力。
这种合金的特点是重量轻，但强度___。
“坚硬”在这里表示合金的强度高，不易变形。
冬天，湖面结了一层___的冰。
“坚硬”描述冰的质地结实。
虽然他经历了很多挫折，但他意志___，从未放弃。
“意志坚硬”形容人的意志坚定，不轻易动摇。
这种木材非常___，可以用来制作家具。
“坚硬”描述木材质地结实，适合制作家具。
Focus on how '坚硬' is used metaphorically.
Pay attention to the emotional resilience implied by '坚硬'.
Consider the literal strength of '坚硬' in this context.
Read this aloud:
请描述你如何理解“坚硬”在形容人的意志或精神时的含义。
Focus: 理解、意志、精神
तुमने कहा:
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Read this aloud:
想象你是一位建筑师，解释在什么情况下你会使用“坚硬”来形容一种建筑材料。
Focus: 建筑师、材料、形容
तुमने कहा:
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Read this aloud:
用“坚硬”造一个句子，表达一个人在困境中保持坚定的决心。
Focus: 困境、坚定、决心
तुमने कहा:
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This sentence structure emphasizes the unwavering adherence to principles despite fierce market competition.
This sentence highlights the need to find a breakthrough when confronted with a harsh reality.
This sentence describes how years of training have made his will exceptionally firm, enabling him to face any difficulty without flinching.
/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
