Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Amharic uses gendered pronouns for 'he' and 'she', and a plural 'they' to talk about others.
- Use 'እርሱ' (irsu) for 'he'. Example: 'እርሱ መጣ' (He came).
- Use 'እርሷ' (irswa) for 'she'. Example: 'እርሷ በላች' (She ate).
- Use 'እነርሱ' (inersu) for 'they'. Example: 'እነርሱ ሄዱ' (They went).
Third Person Pronoun Table
| Pronoun (Formal) | Pronoun (Informal) | Gender | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
|
እርሱ
|
እሱ
|
Masculine
|
Singular
|
|
እርሷ
|
እሷ
|
Feminine
|
Singular
|
|
እነርሱ
|
እነሱ
|
N/A
|
Plural
|
Common Contractions
| Formal | Informal |
|---|---|
|
እርሱ
|
እሱ
|
|
እርሷ
|
እሷ
|
|
እነርሱ
|
እነሱ
|
Meanings
These pronouns identify third-person subjects, distinguishing between masculine, feminine, and plural entities.
Masculine Singular
Refers to one male person.
“እርሱ ጓደኛዬ ነው”
“እርሱ ዛሬ ይሰራል”
Feminine Singular
Refers to one female person.
“እርሷ ትማራለች”
“እርሷ ቆንጆ ናት”
Plural
Refers to two or more people.
“እነርሱ ይጫወታሉ”
“እነርሱ ይበላሉ”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Pronoun + Verb
|
እሱ በላ (He ate)
|
|
Negative
|
Pronoun + አል + Verb
|
እሱ አልበላም (He did not eat)
|
|
Question
|
Pronoun + Verb + -ን
|
እሱ በላን? (Did he eat?)
|
|
Plural
|
እነሱ + Verb
|
እነሱ በሉ (They ate)
|
|
Feminine
|
እሷ + Verb
|
እሷ በላች (She ate)
|
|
Formal
|
እርሱ + Verb
|
እርሱ መጣ (He came)
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
እርሱ መምህር ነው። (Professional/Social)
እሱ መምህር ነው። (Professional/Social)
እሱ መምህር ነው! (Professional/Social)
እሱ ቲቸር ነው! (Professional/Social)
Amharic Pronoun Map
Masculine
- እርሱ He
Feminine
- እርሷ She
Plural
- እነርሱ They
レベル別の例文
እሱ መጣ
He came
እሷ ትበላለች
She is eating
እነሱ ይሄዳሉ
They are going
እሱ ጥሩ ነው
He is good
እርሱ አይሰራም
He is not working
እርሷ ትማራለች?
Is she studying?
እነርሱ አይመጡም
They are not coming
እርሷ ጓደኛዬ ናት
She is my friend
እርሱ መጽሐፉን ወሰደ
He took the book
እርሷ ስራዋን ትወዳለች
She loves her job
እነርሱ እቤት ናቸው
They are at home
እርሱ ነገ ይመጣል
He will come tomorrow
እርሱ እንደነገረኝ ከሆነ...
According to what he told me...
እርሷ በጣም ጎበዝ ናት
She is very talented
እነርሱ ስብሰባ ላይ ናቸው
They are in a meeting
እርሱ የረዳኝ እሱ ነው
He is the one who helped me
እርሱ ባይመጣም እኔ እሄዳለሁ
Even if he doesn't come, I will go
እርሷ የጻፈችው መጽሐፍ ታዋቂ ነው
The book she wrote is famous
እነርሱ በወሰኑት ውሳኔ ተስማምተናል
We agree with the decision they made
እርሱ የነበረው እዚያ ነበር
He was the one who was there
እርሱ እንደሚያውቀው ሁሉ እኛም እናውቃለን
We know as much as he knows
እርሷ በነበረችበት ሁኔታ መረዳት ይቻላል
It is possible to understand given the situation she was in
እነርሱ የተናገሩት ነገር ትክክል ነው
What they said is correct
እርሱ በግልጽ እንደገለጸው
As he clearly stated
間違えやすい
Learners often use 'ይህ' (this) instead of 'እሱ' (he).
Learners mix formal and informal pronouns in the same sentence.
Using plural pronouns for singular subjects.
よくある間違い
እርሷ መጣ (She came)
እርሷ መጣች (She came)
እሱ በላች (He ate)
እሱ በላ (He ate)
እርሱ መጡ (He came - plural)
እርሱ መጣ (He came - singular)
እነርሱ መጣ (They came - singular)
እነርሱ መጡ (They came - plural)
እርሱ አይበላችም
እርሱ አይበላም
እርሷ አይበላም
እርሷ አትበላም
እነርሱ አይበላም
እነርሱ አይበሉም
እርሱ መጽሐፍ አላት
እርሱ መጽሐፍ አለው
እርሷ መጽሐፍ አለው
እርሷ መጽሐፍ አላት
እነርሱ መጽሐፍ አለው
እነርሱ መጽሐፍ አላቸው
እርሱ መጣው
እርሱ መጣ
እርሷ መጣችው
እርሷ መጣች
እነርሱ መጡት
እነርሱ መጡ
文型パターン
___ መጣ/መጣች/መጡ
___ ጥሩ ነው/ናት/ናቸው
___ አይመጣም/አትመጣም/አይመጡም
___ ነገ ይሄዳሉ
Real World Usage
እሱ እየመጣ ነው
እሷ በጣም ቆንጆ ናት
እርሱ ለዚህ ስራ ብቁ ነው
እነሱ የት ይሄዳሉ?
እሱ ምግብ አዘዘ
እርሷ እንደገለጸችው
Listen for the verb
Don't mix registers
Practice with names
Respect is key
Smart Tips
Always use the full forms (እርሱ/እርሷ) to sound professional.
Drop the 'ር' to sound more natural.
Ensure the verb ends in '-ሉ' or '-ም' for plural.
If you are talking about a group, 'እነሱ' is always safe.
発音
Pronunciation
The 'ር' in 'እርሱ' is often silent or very soft in rapid speech.
Question Intonation
እሱ መጣን? ↑
Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember: 'እርሱ' (irsu) sounds like 'he's a' (he is a), and 'እርሷ' (irswa) ends in 'a' for 'she'.
視覚的連想
Imagine a boy standing on a mountain (እርሱ), a girl holding a flower (እርሷ), and a group of people dancing (እነርሱ).
Rhyme
He is irsu, she is irswa, they are inersu, learn them all, it's easy for you!
Story
Yesterday, I saw a boy. I said 'እርሱ' (He) is tall. Then I saw a girl. I said 'እርሷ' (She) is smart. Finally, I saw a group. I said 'እነርሱ' (They) are happy.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences today using each pronoun.
文化メモ
Using plural pronouns to refer to a single person is a sign of great respect.
These pronouns evolved from Ge'ez, the ancient liturgical language of Ethiopia.
会話のきっかけ
እሱ ምን ያደርጋል?
እነሱ የት ናቸው?
እርሷ መቼ ትመጣለች?
እርሱ ስለ ጉዳዩ ምን አለ?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
___ መጣ (He came).
___ ትበላለች (She is eating).
Find and fix the mistake:
እሷ መጣ (She came).
እሱ በላ (He ate).
እነሱ ___ (to go - plural).
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
እሱ / መምህር / ነው
እነሱ is used for one male.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercises___ መጣ (He came).
___ ትበላለች (She is eating).
Find and fix the mistake:
እሷ መጣ (She came).
እሱ በላ (He ate).
እነሱ ___ (to go - plural).
እርሷ
እሱ / መምህር / ነው
እነሱ is used for one male.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
The formal form (e.g., `እርሱ`) is for writing and polite speech, while the informal (e.g., `እሱ`) is for daily conversation.
No, that is grammatically incorrect. Always use `እሷ` for girls.
Amharic does not have a neutral 'it' pronoun. We often use demonstratives instead.
Use `እነሱ` regardless of the gender mix.
Use it in professional emails, formal letters, or when speaking to someone you don't know well.
Yes, these are standard Amharic pronouns used across all regions.
Yes, if the verb conjugation makes it clear who you are talking about, you can drop the pronoun.
They mean the same thing; `እነርሱ` is just more formal.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
él/ella/ellos
Amharic verb endings are more strictly tied to these pronouns.
il/elle/ils
Amharic pronouns are often dropped in speech, unlike French.
er/sie/sie
Amharic lacks a neutral pronoun for objects.
kare/kanojo/karera
Japanese pronouns are highly context-dependent.
huwa/hiya/hum
Amharic has evolved simpler forms than Classical Arabic.
tā/tā/tāmen
Amharic requires gender specification.
