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A2 adjective 9分で読める

ضَعِيف

da'eef
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例文 メモとヒント

ضَعِيف 30秒で

  • Means 'weak' or 'feeble'.
  • Applies to physical strength, arguments, and quality.
  • Requires gender and number agreement.
  • Commonly used in health, discussions, and critiques.
Core Meaning
The Arabic word ضَعِيف (pronounced da'eef) is an adjective that primarily means 'weak' or 'feeble'. It describes a lack of strength, power, or vigor. This can apply to physical strength, but also to other concepts like arguments, evidence, or even abstract qualities.
Physical Weakness
In its most common usage, ضَعِيف refers to a lack of physical strength. Someone who is ill, elderly, or has not eaten might be described as ضَعِيف. For instance, a child who is recovering from a sickness might be described as having become ضَعِيف (weak) and needs rest and nourishment.
Metaphorical Weakness
Beyond the physical, ضَعِيف can describe something that is not substantial, convincing, or effective. An argument that lacks solid evidence might be called ضَعِيف (weak). Similarly, a plan that has many flaws or is unlikely to succeed could be deemed ضَعِيف. In a religious context, faith that is not strong might be described as ضَعِيف.
Abstract Qualities
The word can also describe a lack of intensity or quality. For example, a signal that is not strong might be described as ضَعِيف (weak). A memory that is fading or unclear could also be called ضَعِيف. In literature or art, a character development that is not well-executed might be considered ضَعِيف.
Usage Nuances
While ضَعِيف generally implies a negative state of lacking strength, the context dictates the severity. Describing a person as ضَعِيف can be sympathetic if they are genuinely unwell, but it can also be critical if referring to a character flaw or lack of effort. It is important to consider the surrounding words and the situation to understand the precise implication.

The elderly man's legs were ضَعِيف after the long walk.

His argument was ضَعِيف because he didn't have any evidence to support it.

The phone signal in this area is very ضَعِيف.

Describing Physical State
The most straightforward use of ضَعِيف is to describe a person or animal that lacks physical strength. This can be due to age, illness, fatigue, or lack of proper nourishment. For example, an elderly person might be described as having a ضَعِيف constitution, meaning they are not robust. A person recovering from surgery would likely feel ضَعِيف.
Assessing Arguments and Evidence
In intellectual or persuasive contexts, ضَعِيف is used to critique the substance or validity of something. A lawyer might argue that the evidence presented by the opposing side is ضَعِيف. A student's essay might be graded down if their reasoning is considered ضَعِيف. This applies to ideas, theories, and any form of justification.
Evaluating Quality and Intensity
ضَعِيف can also describe a low level of intensity or quality. For instance, a sound might be described as ضَعِيف if it's barely audible. A person's handwriting could be ضَعِيف if it's illegible. In the context of health, a pulse that is ضَعِيف is a cause for concern.
Describing Abstract Concepts
The word can extend to abstract notions such as hope, willpower, or even love. If someone's hope is fading, it can be described as ضَعِيف. A person with a ضَعِيف will to live might struggle to overcome adversity. In a more critical sense, a relationship might be described as ضَعِيف if it lacks depth or commitment.
Grammatical Agreement
As an adjective, ضَعِيف must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. The masculine singular is ضَعِيف. The feminine singular is ضَعِيفَة (da'eefah). The masculine plural is ضُعَفَاء (du'afaa'), and the feminine plural is also ضَعِيفَات (da'eefaat) or sometimes ضُعَف (du'af).

The patient felt ضَعِيف after the operation.

She presented a ضَعِيف case for her defense.

His eyesight has become ضَعِيف over the years.

Medical and Health Contexts
The word ضَعِيف is frequently used in conversations about health. Doctors might describe a patient's condition as ضَعِيف, meaning they are not strong enough to withstand certain treatments or require significant recovery time. Family members might discuss a loved one being ضَعِيف after an illness or during old age. You might hear phrases like 'He has become very ضَعِيف' (لقد أصبح ضعيفًا جدًا) or 'Her health is ضَعِيف' (صحتها ضعيفة).
Discussions of Performance and Effort
In everyday conversations, ضَعِيف is often used to critique performance, whether it's in sports, academics, or work. A coach might tell a player their performance was ضَعِيف. A teacher might comment on a student's ضَعِيف understanding of a topic. This can also extend to the quality of products or services. For example, 'The internet connection here is ضَعِيف' (اتصال الإنترنت هنا ضعيف).
Critiquing Arguments and Ideas
In debates, meetings, or even casual discussions, ضَعِيف is a common way to express that an argument lacks substance or is not convincing. Someone might say, 'His reasoning for that decision was ضَعِيف' (كان منطقه لذلك القرار ضعيفًا). This can also apply to plans or proposals that are seen as not well-thought-out or unlikely to succeed.
Describing Abstract Qualities
You will also hear ضَعِيف used for abstract qualities. For example, someone might describe their faith as ضَعِيف if they are struggling with doubt. A person might lament a ضَعِيف memory (ذاكرة ضعيفة). This word is versatile and can describe a lack of strength in many different facets of life.
Religious and Spiritual Contexts
In religious discourse, ضَعِيف can be used to describe a person's spiritual state or their understanding of religious tenets. Someone might confess to having ضَعِيف faith or a ضَعِيف connection to their spirituality. It's often used in a self-deprecating or humble manner.

The doctor said my pulse is a bit ضَعِيف.

His excuse for being late was very ضَعِيف.

This bread is ضَعِيف; it's not fresh.

Incorrect Gender/Number Agreement
One of the most frequent errors for learners is failing to correctly match the adjective ضَعِيف with the noun it modifies in terms of gender and number. Remember: ضَعِيف is masculine singular, ضَعِيفَة is feminine singular, ضُعَفَاء is masculine plural, and ضَعِيفَات (or ضُعَف) is feminine plural. Using ضَعِيف for a feminine noun like 'hand' (يد - yad) would be incorrect; it should be ضَعِيفَة.
Overusing 'Weak' for 'Sick' or 'Tired'
While ضَعِيف can imply a physical weakness due to illness or fatigue, it's not always the best or most precise word. Learners might overuse it when a more specific term like 'sick' (مريض - mareed) or 'tired' (متعب - mut'ab) would be more appropriate and natural. For example, saying 'I am ضَعِيف' when you simply mean you are tired can sound like you are very ill or frail, which might not be the intended meaning.
Misinterpreting Abstract Weakness
When ضَعِيف is used metaphorically for arguments, evidence, or ideas, learners may sometimes struggle to grasp the intended nuance. They might interpret it too literally, as if the argument itself is physically weak. It's important to understand that it signifies a lack of logical support, factual basis, or persuasive power. For instance, calling a scientific theory ضَعِيف means it's not well-supported by evidence, not that the theory itself is physically frail.
Confusing with Similar Concepts
Learners might confuse ضَعِيف with words that describe a lack of intelligence or competence, such as 'stupid' (غبي - ghabi) or 'incompetent' (غير كفء - ghair kuf'). While a weak argument might stem from poor thinking, ضَعِيف specifically addresses the lack of strength or validity, not necessarily the intelligence of the person making it.
Ignoring Diacritics (Harakat)
In written Arabic, the diacritics (harakat) are crucial for correct pronunciation and meaning. Without them, ضعيف might be misread, especially by beginners. The pronunciation is da'eef. Incorrectly reading it could lead to misunderstanding the intended meaning, particularly when other similar-looking words exist.

Incorrect: الرجل ضعيف (al-rajul da'eef) - when referring to a group of men.

Correct: الرجال ضعفاء (al-rijal du'afaa')

Learner might say: أنا ضعيف اليوم (Ana da'eef al-yawm) when they just mean 'I am tired'.

More natural: أنا متعب اليوم (Ana mut'ab al-yawm) for 'I am tired'.

Misunderstanding: Calling a child ضَعِيف might imply they are very ill, rather than just a bit under the weather.

Strong vs. Weak
The most direct contrast to ضَعِيف (weak) is قَوِيّ (qawiyy), meaning 'strong'. They are antonyms and are often used together to highlight differences. For example, 'This argument is قَوِيّ, but that one is ضَعِيف' (هذه الحجة قوية، لكن تلك ضعيفة).
Feeble vs. Frail
While ضَعِيف covers 'feeble', other words might be used for more specific types of weakness. هَزِيل (hazeel) can mean 'emaciated' or 'thin and weak', often implying a lack of muscle mass or nourishment. عَاجِز (aajiz) means 'incapable' or 'helpless', focusing on the inability to perform an action due to weakness or disability.
Lacking vs. Deficient
If something is 'lacking' or 'deficient' in quality or substance, ضَعِيف is a good general term. However, نَاقِص (naaqis) means 'lacking' or 'incomplete', and قَاصِر (qaasir) means 'deficient' or 'inadequate', often used for performance or ability. For example, a plan might be ضَعِيف (weak), but a specific component might be نَاقِص (lacking) a crucial element.
Subtle vs. Insignificant
When ضَعِيف is used to describe something with low intensity, like a signal or a memory, alternatives exist. خَافِت (khaafit) means 'faint' or 'dim', often used for sounds or light. بَاهِت (baahit) means 'pale' or 'faded', used for colors or sometimes for weak impressions. تَافِه (taafih) means 'trivial' or 'insignificant', which is different from just being weak.
Specific Physical States
For physical weakness due to specific conditions, more precise words are often used. If someone is 'sick', they are مَرِيض (mareed). If they are 'tired', they are مُتْعَب (mut'ab). If they are 'exhausted', they are مُرْهَق (murhaq). While ضَعِيف can encompass these, these specific terms are more descriptive of the immediate cause of the weakness.

Contrast: His argument is ضَعِيف (weak), but his evidence is قَوِيّ (strong).

Specific Physical State: After the marathon, the runner was مُرْهَق (exhausted), not just ضَعِيف (weak).

Quality: The color of the paint is بَاهِت (pale), not ضَعِيف (weak).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root D-'-F (ض ع ف) appears in various Semitic languages with related meanings. For instance, in Hebrew, the related root 'aleph-tzadi-peh (עצפ) can relate to being weak or feeble. This shared linguistic heritage highlights the fundamental concept of weakness across these ancient languages.

発音ガイド

UK /dˤɑˈʕiːf/
US /dˤɑˈʕiːf/
The stress falls on the second syllable: da-'EEF.
韻が合う語
reef chief brief grief thief leaf beef relief
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the 'ع' (ayn) sound as a regular 'a' or 'g'. It's a distinct guttural sound.
  • Not properly pharyngealizing the 'ض' (daad), making it sound like a regular 'd'.
  • Shortening the long vowel 'ي' (yaa), making the word sound less distinct.

難易度

読解 2/5

Understanding <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ضَعِيف</mark> in reading is straightforward at basic levels. However, grasping its nuanced metaphorical uses in complex texts requires more practice. The key is context and recognizing when it's literal versus figurative.

ライティング 2/5

Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ضَعِيف</mark> correctly in writing involves mastering grammatical agreement (gender and number) and choosing the appropriate nuance for the context. Avoiding overuse and knowing when to use alternatives is important.

スピーキング 2/5

Speaking with <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ضَعِيف</mark> is generally easy in simple contexts. The challenge lies in natural pronunciation of the 'ayn' sound and using it appropriately in various social registers without sounding overly critical or insensitive.

リスニング 2/5

Recognizing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ضَعِيف</mark> in spoken Arabic is usually easy due to its commonality. The difficulty arises in discerning the intended meaning (literal vs. figurative) based on the speaker's tone and the surrounding conversation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

قَوِيّ (strong) رَجُل (man) امرَأَة (woman) طِفل (child) مَرِيض (sick)

次に学ぶ

هَزِيل (emaciated) عَاجِز (incapable) مُتْعَب (tired) فَاشِل (failed) مُحْبِط (discouraging)

上級

هَشَاشَة (fragility) قُصُور (deficiency) تَرَدِّي (deterioration) إِخْفَاق (failure) تَضَاعُف (increase, doubling)

知っておくべき文法

Adjective Agreement (Gender and Number)

The adjective ضَعِيف must agree with the noun it describes. Masculine singular: ضَعِيف. Feminine singular: ضَعِيفَة. Masculine plural: ضُعَفَاء. Feminine plural: ضَعِيفَات.

Using Nouns as Adjectives (Idafa Construction)

When describing a specific type of weakness, a noun can follow ضَعِيف in an Idafa construction. Example: ضعف البنية (da'f al-binyah) - weakness of physique.

Use of 'Jiddan' (Very)

To intensify the adjective, جِدّاً (jiddan) is commonly used after the adjective. Example: 'The argument was very weak' - 'كانت الحجة ضعيفة جداً.' (Kanat al-hujjatu da'eefah jiddan.)

Negation with 'Ghair' (Not)

To say something is 'not weak' or 'not strong', you might use غير (ghair) with its antonym. Example: 'The evidence is not weak' - 'الأدلة ليست ضعيفة.' (Al-adilla laysat da'eefah.)

Prepositional Phrases to Specify Weakness

Prepositions like 'in' (في) or 'of' (من) can be used to specify the area of weakness. Example: 'Weakness in the legs' - 'ضعف في الساقين.' (Da'fun fil-saaqayn.)

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レベル別の例文

1

الولد ضعيف.

The boy is weak.

Simple sentence structure with singular masculine adjective.

2

هذا الطعام ضعيف.

This food is weak.

Demonstrates use with inanimate objects, implying poor quality.

3

صوته ضعيف.

His voice is weak.

Describing a sensory attribute.

4

القطة ضعيفة.

The cat is weak.

Feminine singular adjective agreement.

5

الحبل ضعيف.

The rope is weak.

Describing the physical integrity of an object.

6

الذاكرة ضعيفة.

The memory is weak.

Abstract concept: memory.

7

هو ضعيف.

He is weak.

Simple pronoun + adjective.

8

هي ضعيفة.

She is weak.

Feminine pronoun + adjective.

1

أشعر أنني ضعيف اليوم.

I feel weak today.

Using 'I feel' (أشعر) with the adjective.

2

هذه الحجة ضعيفة جداً.

This argument is very weak.

Adverb 'very' (جداً) modifying the adjective.

3

الطقس كان ضعيفاً أمس.

The weather was weak yesterday.

Describing abstract quality of weather. Note accusative case after 'kana'.

4

القوة الضعيفة لا تكفي.

Weak strength is not enough.

Using the adjective to modify a noun derived from the root.

5

الطفل كان ضعيفاً بسبب المرض.

The child was weak because of the illness.

Explaining the reason for weakness using 'because of' (بسبب).

6

إشارة الواي فاي ضعيفة هنا.

The Wi-Fi signal is weak here.

Describing technology.

7

لديه ذاكرة ضعيفة للأرقام.

He has a weak memory for numbers.

Possessive structure with abstract noun.

8

الجلد الضعيف يتأثر بسرعة.

Weak skin is affected quickly.

Describing a physical characteristic.

1

بدأ يشعر بضعف في ساقيه بعد الجري الطويل.

He began to feel weakness in his legs after the long run.

Using the noun form 'weakness' (ضعف) and locative preposition 'in' (في).

2

كانت حجته ضعيفة لدرجة أنه لم يقنع أحداً.

His argument was so weak that he didn't convince anyone.

Using 'so... that' structure (لدرجة أن).

3

الاستثمار في هذه الشركة يعتبر ضعيفاً حالياً.

Investment in this company is considered weak currently.

Passive voice construction and temporal adverb.

4

إنها تعاني من جهاز مناعة ضعيف.

She suffers from a weak immune system.

Describing a biological system.

5

الخطة التي قدمها كانت ضعيفة ومليئة بالثغرات.

The plan he presented was weak and full of gaps.

Using conjunction 'and' (و) to link adjectives.

6

التواصل بين القسمين كان ضعيفاً للغاية.

Communication between the two departments was extremely weak.

Describing interpersonal dynamics.

7

يجب أن نعزز نقاطنا الضعيفة.

We must strengthen our weak points.

Using 'weak points' as a common idiom.

8

الضوء كان ضعيفاً جداً في الغرفة المظلمة.

The light was very weak in the dark room.

Describing intensity of light.

1

التحليل المالي الذي قدمه كان ضعيفاً وغير مقنع.

The financial analysis he presented was weak and unconvincing.

Combining 'weak' with another negative descriptor 'unconvincing' (غير مقنع).

2

تعتبر قدرة هذا المحرك على سحب الأوزان الثقيلة ضعيفة.

The capacity of this engine to pull heavy weights is considered weak.

Describing mechanical capability.

3

الرواية تعاني من حبكة ضعيفة وشخصيات غير متطورة.

The novel suffers from a weak plot and underdeveloped characters.

Critiquing literary elements.

4

موقف الحكومة تجاه القضية كان ضعيفاً، مما أدى إلى انتقادات واسعة.

The government's stance on the issue was weak, leading to widespread criticism.

Describing a political or social stance.

5

يعتقد الخبراء أن الأدلة المتاحة لدعم هذه النظرية لا تزال ضعيفة.

Experts believe that the available evidence to support this theory is still weak.

Discussing scientific evidence.

6

كانت استجابته للضغوط الخارجية ضعيفة، مما جعله يتخذ قرارات متسرعة.

His response to external pressures was weak, causing him to make hasty decisions.

Describing psychological resilience.

7

النمو الاقتصادي في المنطقة كان ضعيفاً خلال الربع الأخير.

Economic growth in the region was weak during the last quarter.

Economic reporting.

8

الرابط بين الحدثين كان ضعيفاً، لكنه كان موجوداً.

The link between the two events was weak, but it existed.

Describing a tenuous connection.

1

تتسم استراتيجية الشركة الحالية بضعف رؤيتها طويلة المدى وقصورها في مواجهة التحديات المستقبلية.

The company's current strategy is characterized by its weak long-term vision and its inadequacy in facing future challenges.

Formal vocabulary and complex sentence structure.

2

إن ضعف الوعي المجتمعي بأهمية إعادة التدوير يؤدي إلى تفاقم المشكلات البيئية.

The weakness of societal awareness regarding the importance of recycling leads to the exacerbation of environmental problems.

Abstract societal issue, formal tone.

3

كانت الحجة القانونية للمدعى عليه ضعيفة للغاية، حيث افتقرت إلى الأدلة الداعمة والشهادات الموثوقة.

The defendant's legal argument was extremely weak, as it lacked supporting evidence and credible testimonies.

Legal context, formal language.

4

تُعزى هذه الظاهرة إلى ضعف آليات الرقابة الحكومية وعدم كفاية التشريعات في هذا القطاع.

This phenomenon is attributed to the weakness of government oversight mechanisms and the inadequacy of legislation in this sector.

Formal discourse on governance and policy.

5

يُلاحظ في هذا العمل الفني ضعف في التناغم اللوني وافتقار إلى العمق العاطفي المطلوب.

In this work of art, a weakness in color harmony and a lack of the required emotional depth are observed.

Art critique, formal register.

6

إن ضعف البنية التحتية في المناطق النائية يشكل عائقاً أمام التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.

The weakness of infrastructure in remote areas constitutes an obstacle to economic and social development.

Socio-economic analysis.

7

لقد أدت الأزمة المالية العالمية إلى ضعف ملحوظ في ثقة المستهلكين والشركات.

The global financial crisis has led to a noticeable weakness in consumer and corporate confidence.

Economic analysis, abstract concept.

8

تُظهر نتائج التحليل النفسي أن لديه ميولاً نحو الضعف في مواجهة الضغوط الاجتماعية.

The results of the psychological analysis show that he has tendencies towards weakness in facing social pressures.

Psychological context, formal tone.

1

إن الهشاشة الهيكلية لمؤسسات الحكم المحلي تعكس ضعفاً بنيوياً في توزيع السلطات والمسؤوليات.

The structural fragility of local governance institutions reflects a systemic weakness in the distribution of powers and responsibilities.

Highly formal, academic language discussing governance.

2

تكمن علة النظام التعليمي الحديث في ضعفه عن تلبية الاحتياجات المتغيرة لسوق العمل المعاصر.

The flaw of the modern educational system lies in its weakness in meeting the changing needs of the contemporary labor market.

Critique of educational systems, abstract concepts.

3

لقد كشفت التحقيقات عن ضعف جسيم في إجراءات السلامة، مما يهدد حياة العاملين.

The investigations revealed a grave weakness in safety procedures, which endangers the lives of workers.

Formal report language, emphasizing severity.

4

إن ضعف الإطار التنظيمي في مجال التكنولوجيا الحيوية قد يعيق التقدم العلمي ويفتح الباب أمام ممارسات غير أخلاقية.

The weakness of the regulatory framework in the field of biotechnology may hinder scientific progress and open the door to unethical practices.

Technical and ethical discourse.

5

تُشير التحليلات الاقتصادية إلى ضعف مستمر في الطلب الاستهلاكي، مدفوعاً بتزايد حالة عدم اليقين الاقتصادي.

Economic analyses indicate a persistent weakness in consumer demand, driven by increasing economic uncertainty.

Advanced economic terminology.

6

إن ضعف الردع الاستراتيجي قد يؤدي إلى تصاعد التوترات الإقليمية وزيادة احتمالية الصراعات.

The weakness of strategic deterrence could lead to an escalation of regional tensions and an increased likelihood of conflicts.

Geopolitical and military strategy context.

7

يعاني المجتمع من ضعف في التماسك الاجتماعي، مما يجعله عرضة للانقسامات الداخلية.

The society suffers from a weakness in social cohesion, making it vulnerable to internal divisions.

Sociological analysis.

8

تتجلى في هذا النص ضعف في البناء السردي وافتقار إلى الأصالة الفنية.

This text exhibits a weakness in narrative structure and a lack of artistic originality.

Literary criticism, formal register.

よく使う組み合わせ

ضعيف البنية
حجة ضعيفة
ذاكرة ضعيفة
إشارة ضعيفة
جهاز مناعة ضعيف
صوت ضعيف
نبض ضعيف
رأي ضعيف
أداء ضعيف
تأثير ضعيف

よく使うフレーズ

أنا ضعيف.

— I am weak.

بعد المرض، شعرت أنني ضعيف جداً. (Ba'da al-marad, sha'artu annani da'eef jiddan.) - After the illness, I felt very weak.

الطقس ضعيف.

— The weather is bad/unpleasant/gloomy.

لا أريد الخروج، فالطقس ضعيف اليوم. (La ureedu al-khurooj, fa-al-taqsu da'eef al-yawm.) - I don't want to go out, the weather is bad today.

هذه فكرة ضعيفة.

— This is a weak idea.

هذه فكرة ضعيفة ولن تنجح. (Hathihi fikrah da'eefah wa lan tanjah.) - This is a weak idea and it will not succeed.

إنه ضعيف.

— He is weak.

لا تستطيع حمل هذه الصناديق، إنك ضعيف. (La tastatee'u hamla hathihi al-sanaadeeq, innaka da'eef.) - You cannot carry these boxes, you are weak.

صحة ضعيفة.

— Weak health.

جدتي لديها صحة ضعيفة وتحتاج إلى رعاية مستمرة. (Jaddati ladayha sihhatun da'eefah wa tahtaaju ila ri'aayatin mustamirrah.) - My grandmother has weak health and needs continuous care.

ضعف القلب

— Heart weakness (heart failure).

يشخص الأطباء حالة المريض بأنها ضعف في عضلة القلب. (Yushakhkisu al-atibbaa'u halata al-mareed bi-annaha da'fun fi 'adhalati al-qalb.) - The doctors diagnose the patient's condition as weakness of the heart muscle.

ضعف الإيمان

— Weakness of faith.

قال الرجل: 'إيماني ضعيف وأحتاج إلى الدعاء'. (Qala al-rajul: 'Eemani da'eef wa ahtaaju ila al-du'aa'.) - The man said: 'My faith is weak and I need prayer'.

ضعف النظر

— Weak eyesight.

بدأ والدي يعاني من ضعف النظر مع تقدم العمر. (Badaa walidi yu'aani min da'fi al-nazar ma'a taqaddumi al-'umr.) - My father started suffering from weak eyesight with age.

أداء ضعيف

— Weak performance.

كان أداء الطالب ضعيفاً في الاختبار. (Kana adaa'u al-talibi da'eefan fil-ikhtibar.) - The student's performance in the exam was weak.

سبب ضعيف

— Weak reason/cause.

قدم سبباً ضعيفاً لتبرير غيابه. (Qaddama sababan da'eefan li-tabreeri ghiyaabihi.) - He presented a weak reason to justify his absence.

慣用句と表現

"ضعيف الحال"

— Of humble means, poor, having a weak financial situation.

كان يعيش حياة بسيطة لأنه كان ضعيف الحال. (Kana ya'eeshu hayaatan baseetan li-annahu kana da'eef al-haal.) - He lived a simple life because he was of humble means.

Colloquial/Descriptive
"منطقة ضعيفة"

— A weak spot, a vulnerability.

التدقيق الأمني كشف عن منطقة ضعيفة في الجدار. (Al-tadqeequ al-amni kashafa 'an mintaqatin da'eefah fil-jidar.) - The security check revealed a weak spot in the wall.

Figurative/Security
"ضعيف اليد"

— Weak-handed; unable to exert authority or control.

المدير الجديد ضعيف اليد ولا يستطيع السيطرة على الموظفين. (Al-mudeeru al-jadeedu da'eef al-yad wa la yastatee'u al-saytarata 'ala al-muwaththafeen.) - The new manager is weak-handed and cannot control the employees.

Figurative/Authority
"ضعيف القلب"

— Faint-hearted, cowardly, lacking courage.

لا تكن ضعيف القلب، واجه مخاوفك. (La takun da'eef al-qalb, waajihi makhaawifak.) - Don't be faint-hearted, face your fears.

Figurative/Character
"ضعيف الروح"

— Weak-spirited, lacking morale or enthusiasm.

بعد الهزيمة، أصبح الفريق ضعيف الروح. (Ba'da al-hazeemah, asbaha al-fareequ da'eef al-rooh.) - After the defeat, the team became weak-spirited.

Figurative/Psychological
"ضعيف الجانب"

— Having a weak side or aspect; vulnerable.

كل شخص لديه جانب ضعيف، المهم هو معرفته. (Kullu shakhsin ladayhi jaanibun da'eef, al-muhimmu huwa ma'rifatuhu.) - Everyone has a weak side, the important thing is to know it.

Figurative/General
"ضعف الإرادة"

— Weakness of will.

إدمان السكر هو مثال على ضعف الإرادة. (Idmaan al-sukri huwa mithaala 'ala da'fi al-iraadah.) - Sugar addiction is an example of weakness of will.

Psychological/Behavioral
"ضعف الحجة"

— A weak argument or weak reasoning.

كانت حجته عن سبب تأخره ضعفاً في الحجة. (Kanat hujjatahu 'an sababi ta'akhkurihi da'fan fil-hujjah.) - His excuse for being late was a weakness in the argument.

Logical/Debate
"ضعف الانتباه"

— Lack of attention, weak focus.

يعاني بعض الطلاب من ضعف الانتباه في الصف. (Yu'aani ba'du al-tullaabi min da'fi al-intibaahi fil-saff.) - Some students suffer from weak attention in class.

Cognitive/Educational
"ضعف في العظام"

— Weak bones (e.g., osteoporosis).

تشخيص الأطباء أظهر وجود ضعف في العظام لدى المريضة. (Tashkheesu al-atibbaa'i azhara wujooda da'fin fil-'idhaami laday al-mareedah.) - The doctors' diagnosis showed the presence of weak bones in the patient.

Medical

文型パターン

A1

Noun + Adjective

الرجل ضعيف. (The man is weak.)

A1

Pronoun + Adjective

هو ضعيف. (He is weak.)

A2

Verb 'to feel' + 'that I' + Adjective

أشعر أنني ضعيف. (I feel that I am weak.)

A2

Noun + Adjective + Adverb

الإشارة ضعيفة جداً. (The signal is very weak.)

B1

Noun + 'of' + Noun (Idafa)

ذاكرة ضعيفة. (Weak memory.)

B1

語族

名詞

ضُعْف Weakness, feebleness
ضُعَفَاء The weak (plural noun)

形容詞

ضَعِيف Weak (masculine singular)
ضَعِيفَة Weak (feminine singular)

関連

أَضْعَفَ To weaken, to make weak
تَضْعِيف The act of weakening
مُتَضْعِف Weakening (participle)
تَضَاعَفَ To be doubled, to increase
مُضَاعَف Doubled
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a very **da**rk, **ee**rie **f**orest where you feel weak and scared. The sounds 'da-ee-f' can remind you of 'dark eerie forest', a place that makes you feel weak.

視覚的連想

Picture a wilted flower that is losing its strength and color. The drooping petals and faded appearance visually represent 'weakness'. Connect this image to the sound 'da-ee-f'.

Word Web

Physical Weakness (body, muscles) Argument Strength (logic, evidence) Quality (signal, food, material) Abstract Concepts (faith, memory, will) Health (illness, recovery) Performance (sports, work) Intensity (light, sound) Antonyms (strong, robust)

チャレンジ

Try to describe five different things you see around you using the word ضَعِيف, considering whether it's physical, conceptual, or a matter of quality. For example, 'the light from my lamp is ضَعِيف' or 'his explanation was ضَعِيف'.

語源

The word ضَعِيف (da'eef) originates from the Semitic root D-'-F (ض ع ف), which generally relates to weakness, smallness, or scarcity.

元の意味： The core meaning of the root signifies a lack of strength, substance, or vigor. This could manifest as physical frailty, scarcity of resources, or a lack of power.

Semitic

文化的な背景

When describing people, especially the elderly or sick, using ضَعِيف should be done with care and empathy. It's often better to be more specific about the cause of weakness if possible, or to use gentler phrasing if the intent is not critical.

In English, 'weak' is also a very common word with similar applications, ranging from physical frailty to the lack of strength in arguments or evidence. The concept is universally understood.

The phrase 'the weakest link' is common in English and has a direct parallel in the concept of ضَعِيف. In literature and philosophy, the concept of 'weakness' versus 'strength' is a recurring theme, explored in countless works. Medical conditions often involve descriptions of weakness, such as 'muscle weakness' or 'weak heart'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Health and well-being

  • أشعر بضعف.
  • صحة ضعيفة.
  • ضعف عام.
  • بعد المرض، أصبح ضعيفاً.

Critiquing arguments and ideas

  • حجة ضعيفة.
  • دليل ضعيف.
  • فكرة ضعيفة.
  • هذا الرأي ضعيف.

Describing physical objects and their quality

  • حبل ضعيف.
  • إشارة ضعيفة.
  • بناء ضعيف.
  • جودة ضعيفة.

Describing performance and capability

  • أداء ضعيف.
  • قوة ضعيفة.
  • قدرة ضعيفة.
  • استجابة ضعيفة.

Abstract qualities and states

  • ذاكرة ضعيفة.
  • إيمان ضعيف.
  • إرادة ضعيفة.
  • ثقة ضعيفة.

会話のきっかけ

"How do you feel today? Are you feeling strong or a bit weak?"

"What do you think of his argument? Is it strong or weak?"

"Have you noticed any weak points in the plan we discussed?"

"Do you think the signal here is strong or weak?"

"What does 'weakness' mean to you in different situations?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time you felt physically weak. What caused it, and how did you recover?

Think about a situation where an argument or idea you heard was weak. What made it weak?

What are some of your personal 'weak spots' or vulnerabilities? How do you manage them?

Reflect on a time when you had to be strong when you felt weak. What motivated you?

Consider the 'weakest link' in a team or project you were part of. What was the impact?

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