このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 noun #3,500 よく出る 8分で読める

تعميم

ta'mim 上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント تعميم 30秒で

解説 تعميم in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'Ta'meem' frequently, but you will encounter its root 'Amm' (general). You might learn that 'Aam' means 'general' or 'public'. Think of 'Ta'meem' as the action of making something 'Aam'. For example, if a teacher gives a rule to the whole class, that is a 'Ta'meem'. At this stage, just recognize it as a word related to 'everyone' or 'everything'. You might see it on a sign in a school or office. It is a big word for a beginner, but it helps to know it comes from the same family as 'Am' (paternal uncle) because an uncle is a 'common' relative in a large family. Focus on the idea of 'making things for everyone'. If you see this word in a short sentence, look for clues like 'office' or 'rules'. It is a noun, so it usually follows words like 'this' (هذا) or 'the' (الـ).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

By A2, you are starting to talk about your daily life and work. You might hear 'Ta'meem' when someone talks about office news. 'Did you see the Ta'meem?' is a common question. At this level, you should understand that 'Ta'meem' is an official notice. You can use it in simple sentences like 'The Ta'meem is new' or 'I read the Ta'meem'. You should also start to see the difference between 'general' (Aam) and 'generalization' (Ta'meem). One is a description, the other is an action or a thing. If you are learning about logic, you might hear a teacher say 'Don't generalize' (La Tu'ammim), which is the verb form. But as a noun, 'Ta'meem' is the thing you see on the bulletin board. It's a useful word for describing how information moves in a group. You can also use it to talk about 'generalizing' a hobby or a habit to your whole life, though that is more advanced.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At B1, the target level for this word, you should use 'Ta'meem' to discuss social issues and professional procedures. You are now expected to express opinions. You might say, 'I think this generalization is unfair' (أعتقد أن هذا التعميم غير عادل). You should also be comfortable using it in business contexts. If you are writing a simulated email for a class, you might write 'Attached is the circular' (مرفق لكم التعميم). You should understand its dual meaning: 1) An official memo, and 2) The logical act of applying a specific rule to a whole group. This is the level where you learn the preposition 'ala' (على) follows 'Ta'meem' when you specify the group. For example, 'generalizing the rule to everyone' (تعميم القاعدة على الجميع). You are moving beyond simple definitions into the nuances of how the word functions in a sentence structure.

At B2, you should be able to use 'Ta'meem' in academic and technical discussions. You might use it when talking about 'the universalization of services' like 'Ta'meem al-kahraba' (universalizing electricity to all villages). You understand that 'Ta'meem' can be a sophisticated way to discuss policy implementation. You can also use it to critique arguments. If someone makes a broad statement about a nationality, you can argue that their 'Ta'meem' lacks evidence. You should be familiar with collocations like 'Ta'meem idari' (administrative circular) and 'Ta'meem khat'i' (erroneous generalization). You can also use the plural 'Ta'meemat' to discuss a series of government decrees. Your sentences should be more complex, perhaps using the word in a subordinate clause: 'The circular that was issued yesterday caused a lot of debate among the employees.'

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C1 level, you use 'Ta'meem' with precision in professional, legal, or philosophical contexts. You can discuss the 'validity of generalization' in research methodology. You might analyze how a 'Ta'meem' from a high court affects lower court rulings. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'Ta'meem' and 'Taqyeed' (restriction/specification). You can use the word to describe complex social phenomena, such as the 'generalization of a culture of peace'. Your vocabulary includes related forms like 'al-mu'ammim' (the one who generalizes) and you can distinguish 'Ta'meem' from 'Ta'meem' (nationalization) perfectly in both speech and listening. You might use the word in formal speeches or academic papers to describe the scope of a study's findings. You are also sensitive to the rhetorical use of the word in political speeches to create a sense of unity or to issue broad mandates.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At C2, you have a masterly command of 'Ta'meem' and its place in the Arabic linguistic heritage. You can discuss its etymological roots in the concept of 'Umum' (generality) in Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh), where 'al-Aam' and 'al-Khas' (the general and the specific) are key categories of legal interpretation. You can use 'Ta'meem' in high-level philosophical discourse about the nature of universal truths versus particular instances. You understand how the word is used in classical literature and modern legal statutes. You can write official 'Ta'meemat' using the appropriate formal jargon and tone. You might even use the word metaphorically in poetry or high literature to describe something that covers the world like a shadow or light. Your understanding is not just of a word, but of a conceptual framework that governs how Arabic speakers categorize the relationship between the one and the many.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

تعميم 30秒で

Ta'meem is a noun meaning generalization or an official circular.
It comes from the root 'A-M-M', relating to things being general or common.
Commonly used in offices for memos and in debates to criticize stereotypes.
Grammatically, it is a masculine noun often followed by the preposition 'ala'.

The Arabic word تعميم (ta'meem) is a multifaceted noun derived from the root ع-م-م ('A-M-M), which fundamentally relates to things being general, common, or encompassing. In its most literal linguistic sense, it refers to the process of making something 'common' or 'general' to a group. However, in modern usage, it branches into two distinct but related semantic paths: the logical act of generalization and the administrative act of issuing a circular or memorandum. Understanding تعميم requires recognizing that it is the verbal noun (Masdar) of the Form II verb عمّم (ammama), which means to generalize, to popularize, or to spread something so that it covers everyone.

Logical Generalization: In academic, scientific, and daily conversational contexts, it refers to the act of taking a specific observation and applying it broadly. For instance, if you see one person from a city acting rudely and conclude that everyone in that city is rude, you are performing a تعميم خاطئ (false generalization). It is a key term in logic, statistics, and sociology.

لا يمكننا الاعتماد على تعميم واحد لوصف مجتمع كامل بنجاح.

Translation: We cannot rely on a single generalization to successfully describe an entire society.

Administrative Circular: In professional and governmental environments, a تعميم is an official document or memo sent to all employees or departments to inform them of a new rule, holiday, or procedure. It is 'generalized' because it is distributed to the entire collective rather than a specific individual.

Beyond these, the word can also appear in historical or cultural contexts. Historically, the root is linked to the عمامة ('imamah) or turban, which 'covers' the head. In modern political discourse, تعميم might be used in the context of تعميم التعليم (the universalization of education), referring to making education accessible to all citizens regardless of their background. It is a high-frequency word in news broadcasts when discussing social trends or government decrees. Its versatility makes it indispensable for B1 learners who are moving from basic descriptions to discussing concepts, rules, and social behaviors.

أصدرت المديرية تعميماً جديداً بخصوص ساعات العمل في رمضان.

Translation: The directorate issued a new circular regarding working hours during Ramadan.

Social Context: In social justice and psychology, you will hear the phrase التعميم لغة الجهلاء (Generalization is the language of the ignorant), highlighting the negative connotation of stereotyping. This usage is common in debates about prejudice and bias.

Using تعميم correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its different contextual applications. Because it is a verbal noun, it can function as the subject, object, or part of an Idafa (possessive) construction. Let's explore how to integrate it into your Arabic speech and writing across various scenarios.

As a Direct Object: When you want to say someone is making a generalization, you often use verbs like يرفض (rejects) or يستخدم (uses). For example: أنا أرفض هذا التعميم (I reject this generalization).

يجب ألا نلجأ إلى التعميم عند الحكم على الثقافات الأخرى.

Translation: We must not resort to generalization when judging other cultures.

In Administrative Phrases: The most common verb associated with the 'circular' meaning is أصدر (to issue). You will see this in every government or corporate announcement. أصدرت الوزارة تعميماً عاجلاً (The ministry issued an urgent circular).

In academic writing, تعميم is often followed by a prepositional phrase to specify what is being generalized. The most common preposition used is على (on/to). For instance, تعميم النتائج على العينة (generalizing the results to the sample). This is vital for students of sociology or science. It also appears in the context of 'universalizing' services, such as تعميم الخدمة الصحية (making health service universal/available to all).

هل قرأت التعميم الذي أرسله المدير صباح اليوم؟

Translation: Did you read the circular that the manager sent this morning?

Negative Connotations: When used in social debates, تعميم is often paired with adjectives like ظالم (unjust) or مخل (flawed/erroneous). هذا تعميم ظالم بحقنا (This is an unjust generalization against us).

The word تعميم is ubiquitous across the Arab world, but the context in which you hear it changes depending on the setting. It is a bridge word that connects the high-register language of law and science with the everyday language of office work and social commentary. Here is a breakdown of where you will encounter it most frequently.

The Corporate World: If you are employed in an Arabic-speaking country, 'Ta'meem' is perhaps the most important administrative word you will know. It is the standard term for any internal memo that applies to all staff. You will hear phrases like وصلني تعميم من الموارد البشرية (I received a circular from HR). It implies an official instruction that must be followed.

بناءً على التعميم الأخير، سيتم إغلاق المكتب مبكراً يوم الخميس.

Translation: Based on the latest circular, the office will be closed early on Thursday.

Media and News: News anchors use this word when discussing government policies. For example, when a Ministry of Health 'generalizes' a vaccination program to all regions, they use تعميم. It also appears in talk shows when guests argue about social stereotypes, often saying لا يجوز التعميم (Generalization is not permissible).

In universities, professors use it when teaching research methodology. You might hear هل يمكن تعميم هذه الدراسة؟ (Can this study be generalized?). Here, it carries a very technical, scientific weight. Furthermore, in legal contexts, a تعميم قضائي (judicial circular) is a directive issued by the head of the judiciary to all judges to unify the application of a certain law. Thus, from the breakroom to the courtroom, تعميم is the word for spreading information or rules to the masses.

هناك تعميم أمني بخصوص المفقودات في المطار.

Translation: There is a security notice regarding lost items at the airport.

Daily Disputes: In a heated discussion, if someone says 'All men are X' or 'All women are Y', a common retort is التعميم خطأ (Generalizing is wrong). It is a polite but firm way to shut down a stereotype.

Learners often encounter specific hurdles when using تعميم. Because it has two very different English translations (generalization vs. circular), it can be confusing to know which one applies or if a different Arabic word is better suited for the context. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

Confusing with 'Aam' (عام): The word عام means 'general' or 'public' (adjective). تعميم is the *act* of making it general (noun). You cannot say 'This is a ta'meem place' when you mean 'public place'. You must use مكان عام.

الخطأ: هذا قانون تعميم. الصواب: هذا قانون عام.

Translation: Error: This is a generalization law. Correct: This is a general law.

Incorrect Preposition Use: When generalizing *about* something, learners often want to use عن (about). However, in Arabic, you generalize 'on' something using على. For example: التعميم على الناس (Generalizing on people).

Another mistake involves the 'circular' meaning. Some learners use رسالة (letter) when they should use تعميم. If a boss sends a message to everyone, it's a تعميم. If he sends it just to you, it's a رسالة or خطاب. Using the wrong word can make you sound less professional in a business setting. Also, be careful with the word تأميم (ta'meem with a 'hamza' instead of 'ayn'), which means 'nationalization' (like nationalizing an oil company). Switching the 'ayn' for a 'hamza' completely changes the meaning and can lead to significant confusion in political or economic discussions.

انتبه للفرق بين تعميم (generalization) و تأميم (nationalization).

Translation: Pay attention to the difference between 'Ta'meem' (generalization) and 'Ta'meem' (nationalization).

Overusing the Noun: Sometimes it is more natural to use the verb عمّم. Instead of saying 'He did a generalization', say هو عمم الحكم (He generalized the judgment).

To truly master تعميم, you should know how it compares to other words that deal with 'spreading' or 'totality'. Arabic is a language of nuance, and choosing the right synonym can elevate your fluency. Here is a comparison with similar terms.

Ta'meem vs. Shumool (شمول): تعميم is the *act* of making something general. شمول is the state of being comprehensive or inclusive. Use شمول when describing a plan that covers everything, and تعميم when talking about the process of applying a rule to everyone.

الخطة تتميز بالـشمول، لكن تعميمها سيستغرق وقتاً.

Translation: The plan is characterized by comprehensiveness, but its generalization (roll-out) will take time.

Ta'meem vs. Intishar (انتشار): انتشار refers to 'spreading' or 'diffusion' (like a virus or a smell). تعميم is more intentional and structured, usually involving a person or authority making something general.

If you are looking for alternatives for the 'circular' meaning, you might use منشور (manshur) which means 'publication' or 'leaflet', but it is less formal than تعميم. In some contexts, بلاغ (balagh) is used, but that often implies a more serious 'announcement' or 'report', such as a police report or a high-level official statement. Another related word is إشاعة (isha'ah), but that means 'rumor' or 'spreading a secret', which is usually negative. Choosing تعميم implies a level of officiality or logical breadth that these other words lack.

استخدم تعميماً رسمياً بدلاً من مجرد إرسال بريد إلكتروني عادي.

Translation: Use an official circular instead of just sending a regular email.

Ta'meem vs. Itlaq (إطلاق): إطلاق means 'launching' or 'releasing'. While you 'launch' a project, you 'generalize' (ta'meem) its application to all branches. They are often used together in a sequence of implementation.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word for paternal uncle, 'Amm', comes from this root because uncles are 'common' or 'general' members of the extended family structure in traditional Arab society.

発音ガイド

UK /tæʕˈmiːm/

US /tæʔˈmim/

The stress is on the second syllable: ta-'MEEM.

韻が合う語

Taqdeem (تقديم) Taqteem (تعتيم) Tahreem (تحريم) Takreem (تكريم) Tasmeem (تصميم) Taqseem (تقسيم) Ta'leem (تعليم) Tanzeem (تنظيم)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'ayn' like an 'alif', making it sound like 'ta-meem' (nationalization).
Shortening the long 'ee' sound in the second syllable.
Failing to pronounce the 'ayn' clearly from the throat.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word is easy to recognize once you know the root, but appears in complex sentences.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'ayn' and proper use of prepositions like 'ala'.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronouncing the 'ayn' and 'meem' correctly is key to avoiding confusion with 'nationalization'.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and workplace talk; easy to hear but needs context to distinguish the two meanings.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

عام (General) مدير (Manager) قرار (Decision) كل (All) ناس (People)

次に学ぶ

تخصيص (Specification) استثناء (Exception) منشور (Publication) إشاعة (Rumor) تطبيق (Application)

上級

الاستقراء (Induction) الاستنباط (Deduction) الشمولية (Totalitarianism/Comprehensiveness) تأميم (Nationalization) عولمة (Globalization)

知っておくべき文法

Idafa Construction (إضافة)

تعميمُ الوزارةِ (The Ministry's circular)

Preposition 'Ala' (على)

التعميم على الناس (Generalizing to people)

Verbal Noun (Masdar) Usage

أحب تعميم الخير (I love spreading/generalizing goodness)

Adjective Agreement

تعميمٌ رسميٌّ (An official circular)

Passive Verb with Ta'meem

تم تعميم القرار (The decision was generalized/circulated)

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

هذا تعميم جديد في المدرسة.

This is a new circular in the school.

A simple sentence with 'hatha' (this) and an adjective 'jaded' (new).

أريد قراءة التعميم.

I want to read the circular.

The word is the direct object here.

التعميم على الباب.

The circular is on the door.

A simple nominal sentence.

هل هذا تعميم مهم؟

Is this an important circular?

A question using 'hal'.

لا أحب التعميم.

I don't like generalization.

Using 'la' for negation.

هذا تعميم من المدير.

This is a circular from the manager.

Using 'min' (from) to show the source.

التعميم طويل جداً.

The circular is very long.

Using 'jiddan' (very) for emphasis.

شكراً على التعميم.

Thanks for the circular.

A common polite expression.

وصلني تعميم بخصوص الإجازة.

I received a circular regarding the holiday.

Using 'bi-khusoos' (regarding) as a prepositional phrase.

المدير كتب تعميماً لكل الموظفين.

The manager wrote a circular for all employees.

The word is an indefinite object (tanween fatha).

يجب أن نتبع هذا التعميم.

We must follow this circular.

Using 'yajib an' (must) followed by a verb.

التعميم ليس واضحاً دائماً.

The circular is not always clear.

Using 'laysa' for negation of a nominal sentence.

سمعت تعميماً في الإذاعة.

I heard an announcement (circular) on the radio.

The word can mean 'announcement' in broadcast contexts.

هل قرأت التعميم الأخير؟

Did you read the last circular?

Using 'al-akheer' (the last/latest) as an adjective.

لا تستخدم التعميم في كلامك.

Don't use generalization in your speech.

Negative command with 'la'.

هناك تعميمات كثيرة اليوم.

There are many circulars today.

Plural form 'ta'meemat'.

التعميم لغة الجهلاء كما يقولون.

Generalization is the language of the ignorant, as they say.

A famous proverb/saying.

أصدرت الشركة تعميماً حول سياسة العمل الجديدة.

The company issued a circular about the new work policy.

The verb 'asdar' (issued) is commonly used with 'ta'meem'.

هذا التعميم لا ينطبق على الجميع.

This circular does not apply to everyone.

Using 'la yan-tabiq' (does not apply).

يجب تجنب التعميم عند الحديث عن الثقافات.

Generalization must be avoided when talking about cultures.

Using 'tajannub' (avoiding) as a verbal noun.

هل وصلك التعميم الإداري رقم ٥؟

Did you receive administrative circular number 5?

Using 'idari' (administrative) as an adjective.

التعميم مفيد أحياناً في العلم.

Generalization is sometimes useful in science.

Using 'mufeed' (useful) and 'ahyanan' (sometimes).

رفض الموظفون التعميم الجديد.

The employees rejected the new circular.

Subject-Verb-Object structure.

تعميم الخبر استغرق ساعات فقط.

Spreading (generalizing) the news took only hours.

Using 'ta'meem' in the sense of 'spreading'.

يهدف هذا المشروع إلى تعميم التعليم في القرى.

This project aims to universalize education in the villages.

Using 'ta'meem' as 'universalization'.

التعميم المتحيز يؤدي إلى الكراهية.

Biased generalization leads to hatred.

Using 'mutahayyiz' (biased) as an adjective.

بناءً على التعميم الوزاري، ستبدأ الدراسة الأحد.

Based on the ministerial circular, school will start Sunday.

Using 'bina'an ala' (based on).

لا يمكننا تعميم هذه النتائج على كل الفئات.

We cannot generalize these results to all groups.

Using the verb form 'tu'ammim' after 'la yumkinuna'.

التعميم القضائي ملزم لجميع المحاكم.

The judicial circular is binding for all courts.

Using 'mulzim' (binding) as a predicate.

هذا مجرد تعميم سطحي لا يفسر المشكلة.

This is just a superficial generalization that doesn't explain the problem.

Using 'sathi' (superficial).

تسعى الحكومة لتعميم استخدام الطاقة الشمسية.

The government seeks to generalize the use of solar energy.

Using 'tas'a' (seeks) followed by 'li' and the noun.

التعميمات الأمنية ضرورية لحماية المواطنين.

Security circulars are necessary to protect citizens.

Plural subject with a feminine plural adjective.

تكمن خطورة التعميم في كونه يطمس الفروق الفردية.

The danger of generalization lies in it blurring individual differences.

Using 'takmunu' (lies/resides) and 'tat-mus' (blurs/erases).

صدر تعميم بمنع السفر إلى تلك المناطق المضطربة.

A circular was issued prohibiting travel to those troubled regions.

Passive structure 'sudira' (was issued).

إن تعميم التجربة الديمقراطية يتطلب وعياً شعبياً.

Universalizing the democratic experience requires popular awareness.

Using 'Inna' for emphasis at the start of the sentence.

يعتبر التعميم الاستقرائي ركيزة أساسية في البحث العلمي.

Inductive generalization is considered a fundamental pillar of scientific research.

Technical term 'istiqra'i' (inductive).

علينا التفريق بين التعميم المنطقي والتعميم العشوائي.

We must differentiate between logical generalization and random generalization.

Using 'at-tafreeq' (differentiation).

جاء في التعميم أن المخالفين سيتعرضون للمساءلة.

It was stated in the circular that violators will be held accountable.

Formal phrase 'ja'a fi' (it was stated in).

التعميم الفكري قد يؤدي إلى أحكام مسبقة خاطئة.

Intellectual generalization may lead to wrong prejudices.

Using 'qad yu'addi' (may lead).

تم توزيع التعميم عبر القنوات الرسمية فقط.

The circular was distributed via official channels only.

Using 'tamma tawzee'' (was distributed).

إن إشكالية التعميم في العلوم الإنسانية تظل موضع جدل فلسفي.

The problem of generalization in the humanities remains a subject of philosophical debate.

High-level vocabulary: 'ishkaliyah' (problematic/issue).

يتجاوز هذا التعميم حدود المنطق ليدخل في نطاق الأيديولوجيا.

This generalization transcends the limits of logic to enter the realm of ideology.

Using 'yatajawaz' (transcends/exceeds).

لا يستقيم أي نظام إداري دون تعميمات واضحة ومنظمة.

No administrative system can function properly without clear and organized circulars.

Using 'la yastaqeem' (cannot be upright/function).

التعميم المطلق هو مغالطة منطقية شائعة في الخطاب السياسي.

Absolute generalization is a common logical fallacy in political discourse.

Technical term 'mughalatah' (fallacy).

يهدف التعميم التربوي إلى توحيد المعايير الأكاديمية عبر البلاد.

Educational generalization aims to unify academic standards across the country.

Using 'tawheed' (unification).

اقتضت الضرورة إصدار تعميم عاجل لتدارك الأزمة الاقتصادية.

Necessity dictated the issuance of an urgent circular to rectify the economic crisis.

Formal verb 'iqtadat' (dictated/necessitated).

إن التعميم في الفن قد يجرده من خصوصيته الجمالية.

Generalization in art may strip it of its aesthetic specificity.

Using 'yujarriduhu' (strips him/it).

ثمة فرق جوهري بين التعميم كأداة معرفية والتعميم كأداة قمعية.

There is a fundamental difference between generalization as a cognitive tool and as an oppressive tool.

Using 'thamma' (there is) for formal existence.

類義語

نشر توسيع شمول

反対語

تخصيص تحديد

よく使う組み合わせ

أصدر تعميماً

تعميم خاطئ

لغة التعميم

تعميم الفائدة

تعميم النتائج

تعميم أمني

تعميم وزاري

سياسة التعميم

مبدأ التعميم

تعميم شامل

よく使うフレーズ

بدون تعميم

— Without generalizing. Used to specify that one is talking about a single case.

أتحدث عن تجربتي الشخصية بدون تعميم.

التعميم لغة الجهلاء

— Generalization is the language of the ignorant. A common proverb.

لا تحكم على كل الناس، فالتعميم لغة الجهلاء.

حسب التعميم

— According to the circular. Used in professional instructions.

يجب العمل حسب التعميم الجديد.

تعميم الخدمة

— Universalizing a service. Making it available to everyone.

تعميم الخدمة الصحية هو هدفنا.

رفض التعميم

— Rejecting a generalization. Expressing disagreement with a broad statement.

أنا أرفض التعميم في هذا الموضوع.

تعميم رسمي

— Official circular. A formal document from an authority.

ننتظر تعميماً رسمياً من الإدارة.

في التعميم

— In the circular. Referring to the content of a memo.

مكتوب في التعميم أن الدوام سيتغير.

صيغة التعميم

— The form of generalization. The way a general statement is phrased.

لا تستخدم صيغة التعميم دائماً.

تعميم المعرفة

— Generalizing knowledge. Spreading knowledge to all people.

يهدف الكتاب إلى تعميم المعرفة.

تعميم الحكم

— Generalizing the judgment. Applying a verdict to many cases.

لا يمكن تعميم الحكم على كل الظروف.

よく混同される語

تعميم vs تأميم (Ta'meem with Hamza)

This means nationalization (e.g., of a company). It sounds almost identical but has a different first letter.

تعميم vs تعتيم (Ta'teem)

This means a blackout or obscuring information. It rhymes but has a 'taa' instead of 'meem' in the middle.

تعميم vs تعليم (Ta'leem)

This means education. It is a very common word that sounds similar to beginners.

慣用句と表現

"وضع الجميع في سلة واحدة"

— To put everyone in one basket. This means to generalize about people unfairly.

لا تضع الجميع في سلة واحدة، فهناك الصالح والطالح.

Informal

"خلط الحابل بالنابل"

— To mix the rope-maker with the archer. Means to confuse things or generalize chaotically.

بسبب تعميمه، خلط الحابل بالنابل في كلامه.

Literary/Idiomatic

"ضرب بعرض الحائط"

— To hit against the wall. Often used when someone ignores an official 'Ta'meem'.

ضرب بالتعميم عرض الحائط ولم يلتزم به.

Formal/Idiomatic

"على قدم المساواة"

— On equal footing. Often the goal of a 'Ta'meem' (universalization).

يهدف التعميم لمعاملة الموظفين على قدم المساواة.

Formal

"من باب أولى"

— A fortiori / all the more so. Used when a generalization applies even more strongly to a specific case.

إذا كان التعميم يشمل الطلاب، فهو يشمل المعلمين من باب أولى.

Academic/Formal

"بصورة عامة"

— In a general way. Related to the concept of 'Ta'meem'.

تحدث بصورة عامة دون الدخول في التفاصيل.

Neutral

"عمّ الخبر"

— The news spread to everyone. The verb root of 'Ta'meem'.

عمّ الخبر أرجاء المدينة.

Literary

"شمل الجميع"

— Included everyone. The result of a successful 'Ta'meem'.

القرار شمل الجميع دون استثناء.

Neutral

"قطع دابر التعميم"

— To cut off the root of generalization. To stop stereotyping.

علينا قطع دابر التعميم في إعلامنا.

Formal

"وضع النقاط على الحروف"

— To put the dots on the letters. Often done via a 'Ta'meem' to clarify rules.

جاء التعميم ليضع النقاط على الحروف.

Neutral

間違えやすい

تعميم vs عام (Aam)

Both share the same root.

'Aam' is an adjective (general), while 'Ta'meem' is the noun/action (generalization).

هذا شارع عام (This is a public street) vs هذا تعميم (This is a circular).

تعميم vs انتشار (Intishar)

Both involve something spreading.

'Intishar' is passive/natural spread; 'Ta'meem' is intentional/structured.

انتشار الوباء (spread of epidemic) vs تعميم القانون (generalizing the law).

تعميم vs إعلان (I'laan)

Both are ways to give information.

'I'laan' is a public advertisement; 'Ta'meem' is an internal or official directive.

إعلان تجاري (commercial ad) vs تعميم إداري (administrative circular).

تعميم vs بلاغ (Balagh)

Both are official notices.

'Balagh' is often a report or warning; 'Ta'meem' is a general rule or memo.

بلاغ كاذب (false report) vs تعميم وزاري (ministerial circular).

تعميم vs منشور (Manshur)

Both can mean circular.

'Manshur' is more like a leaflet or post; 'Ta'meem' is strictly more official.

منشور فيسبوك (Facebook post) vs تعميم الشركة (Company circular).

文型パターン

هذا تعميم [صفة].

هذا تعميم جديد.

أريد أن أقرأ الـ[اسم].

أريد أن أقرأ التعميم.

أصدرت الـ[جهة] تعميماً بخصوص [موضوع].

أصدرت الشركة تعميماً بخصوص الرواتب.

لا يمكننا تعميم [شيء] على [مجموعة].

لا يمكننا تعميم النتائج على كل الطلاب.

يعتبر التعميم [نوع] ركيزة في [مجال].

يعتبر التعميم الاستقرائي ركيزة في البحث.

بناءً على ما ورد في التعميم...

بناءً على ما ورد في التعميم، سيتم التغيير.

تكمن إشكالية التعميم في [سبب].

تكمن إشكالية التعميم في تجاهل التفاصيل.

ثمة فرق بين التعميم و[مفهوم آخر].

ثمة فرق بين التعميم والتخصيص.

語族

名詞

عام (General/Public)

عموم (Generality)

عامة (Common people)

عمامة (Turban)

عم (Paternal uncle)

動詞

عمم (To generalize/popularize)

عم (To become general/spread)

形容詞

عام (General)

عمومي (Public)

معمم (Generalized/Wearing a turban)

使い方

frequency

High in professional and academic settings.

よくある間違い

Using 'Ta'meem' to mean a public street. → شارع عام (Shari' Aam)
'Ta'meem' is the noun for the act or the document. 'Aam' is the adjective for 'public'.
Confusing it with 'Ta'meem' (Nationalization). → تأميم (with Hamza)
This is a common error even for intermediate learners. One is 'Ayn', the other is 'Hamza'.
Using 'min' instead of 'ala' for generalization. → التعميم على الناس
In Arabic, we generalize 'on' (ala) a group, not 'from' (min) them.
Using 'Ta'meem' for a personal letter. → رسالة (Risala)
A 'Ta'meem' must be general/collective. A personal note is a 'Risala'.
Pluralizing it as 'Ta'meemoon'. → تعميمات (Ta'meemat)
It takes the feminine plural ending '-at' despite being a masculine noun.

ヒント

Professional Writing

Always use 'Ta'meem' instead of 'Risala' when sending a message to all staff members.

Adjective Matching

Ta'meem is masculine, so use 'Ta'meem Wajib' (mandatory circular) not 'Wajiba'.

Social Etiquette

If someone makes a broad statement about your country, politely say 'التعميم خطأ' (Generalization is wrong).

Root Recognition

Linking it to 'Aam' (general) will help you remember its core meaning of 'making things for everyone'.

The 'Ayn' Sound

Practice the pharyngeal 'ayn' to distinguish it from the glottal 'hamza' in 'nationalization'.

Logical Terms

Learn 'Ta'meem Istiqra'i' (Inductive generalization) if you are studying science in Arabic.

Office Lingo

Check the 'Ta'meemat' folder in your company's shared drive for all policy updates.

News Context

When you hear 'Asdar' (issued), the next word is very likely to be 'Ta'meem' or 'Qarar'.

Visual Aid

Visualize a circular stamp on a document to remember the 'circular' meaning.

Thesis Writing

Use 'imkaniyat ta'meem al-nata'ij' to discuss the limitations of your research.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Team' (sounds like the start of Ta'meem). A 'Ta'meem' is a message for the whole 'Team'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant blanket ('Amm) covering a whole crowd of people. That blanket is the 'Ta'meem'.

Word Web

Generalization Circular Memo Universal Public Everyone Office Logic

チャレンジ

Try to find a 'Ta'meem' on an Arabic news website like Al-Jazeera or a government portal and translate its title.

語源

From the Arabic root 'ayn-meem-meem' (ع-م-م). This root historically carries the meaning of being broad, encompassing, or plural.

元の意味： To be common or to cover. The word 'Imamah' (turban) comes from this because it covers the head.

Semitic (Arabic).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'Ta'meem' in social contexts; ensure you are not making a 'Ta'meem khat'i' (wrong generalization) about sensitive topics like religion or tribe.

In English, we use 'memo' or 'circular' for the office meaning, and 'generalization' for the logical one. In Arabic, this one word 'Ta'meem' covers both.

The proverb: 'التعميم لغة الجهلاء' (Generalization is the language of the ignorant). Official government portals (e.g., UAE's MOHRE) regularly issue 'Ta'meemat'. Academic papers in Arabic always have a section on 'Ta'meem al-nata'ij' (Generalizing results).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Workplace

أين التعميم؟
وصلني تعميم جديد
حسب التعميم الإداري
وقع على التعميم

Debate/Logic

هذا تعميم خاطئ
لا تعمم من فضلك
التعميم غير منطقي
ابتعد عن التعميم

Academic Research

تعميم النتائج
عينة التعميم
صلاحية التعميم
إمكانية التعميم

Government/Legal

أصدرت الوزارة تعميماً
تعميم قضائي ملزم
نص التعميم
مخالفة التعميم

Sociology

تعميم الثقافة
تعميم القيم
خطر التعميم
تعميم التعليم

会話のきっかけ

"هل تعتقد أن التعميم في وصف الشعوب أمر مقبول؟"

"ماذا كان مكتوباً في آخر تعميم وصلنا في العمل؟"

"لماذا يميل الناس إلى التعميم دائماً في نقاشاتهم؟"

"هل قرأت التعميم الوزاري بخصوص العام الدراسي الجديد؟"

"كيف يمكننا تجنب التعميم الخاطئ في حياتنا اليومية؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن موقف تعرضت فيه لتعميم خاطئ من الآخرين وكيف شعرت.

لو كنت مديراً، ما هو أول تعميم ستصدره لموظفيك ولماذا؟

ناقش أهمية التعميم في العلم وخطورته في العلاقات الاجتماعية.

حلل تعميماً رسمياً رأيته مؤخراً في الأخبار أو في مكان عملك.

لماذا تعتبر جملة 'التعميم لغة الجهلاء' صحيحة أو خاطئة من وجهة نظرك؟

よくある質問

10 問

The word with 'ayn' (تعميم) means generalization or circular. The word with 'hamza' (تأميم) means nationalization, such as a government taking control of a private industry. They sound very similar, so listen for the deep throat sound of the 'ayn'.

Not really. Use 'I'laan' (إعلان) for advertisements. 'Ta'meem' is used for official memos within an organization or for the logical concept of generalizing.

Usually, yes. When people say 'Don't generalize' (لا تعمم), they are warning against stereotypes. However, in science, 'ta'meem' is a positive, necessary step for building theories.

The plural is 'Ta'meemat' (تعميمات). It follows the regular feminine plural pattern even though the singular is masculine.

You say 'La Tu'ammim' (لا تُعمِّم) using the verb form of the word.

In an office or government setting, a 'Ta'meem' is almost always binding (mulzim) because it is an official directive from an authority.

Yes, in phrases like 'Ta'meem al-ta'leem' (universalizing education), it means making something available to every single person in a society.

The root 'A-M-M' appears in various forms, but the specific word 'Ta'meem' is more common in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) for administrative and logical use.

The preposition 'ala' (على) is used when you want to say you are generalizing 'to' or 'on' a group.

Very common. You will hear it whenever a ministry issues a new rule or when social commentators discuss prejudice.

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る