Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn any statement into a question by adding the suffix -mı, -mi, -mu, or -mü based on the last vowel of the word.
- If the last vowel is a or ı, use -mı (e.g., Kitab-mı?)
- If the last vowel is e or ə, use -mi (e.g., Qələm-mi?)
- If the last vowel is o or u, use -mu (e.g., Dost-mu?)
- If the last vowel is ö or ü, use -mü (e.g., Göz-mü?)
3. Interrogative Particle Selection
| Last Vowel | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
a, ı
|
-mı
|
Kitab-mı
|
|
e, ə
|
-mi
|
Qələm-mi
|
|
o, u
|
-mu
|
Dost-mu
|
|
ö, ü
|
-mü
|
Göz-mü
|
Meanings
The interrogative particle is used to convert a declarative sentence into a yes/no question. It is attached to the word being queried.
Yes/No Inquiry
Asking for confirmation of a fact.
“Gəlirsən-mi?”
“Bu ev-mi?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Verb
|
O gəlir.
|
|
Interrogative
|
Subject + Verb + Particle
|
O gəlir-mi?
|
|
Negative
|
Subject + Verb(neg) + Particle
|
O gəlmir-mi?
|
|
Short Answer (Yes)
|
Bəli
|
Bəli, gəlir.
|
|
Short Answer (No)
|
Xeyr
|
Xeyr, gəlmir.
|
|
Past Tense
|
Verb + Past + Particle
|
Gəldi-mi?
|
|
Future Tense
|
Verb + Future + Particle
|
Gələcək-mi?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
O gəlir-mi? (General)
Gəlir-mi? (General)
Gəlir-mi? (General)
Gəlir-mi? (General)
Vowel Harmony Map
Back Vowels
- a, ı mı
Front Vowels
- e, ə mi
Rounded Back
- o, u mu
Rounded Front
- ö, ü mü
レベル別の例文
Bu kitab-mı?
Is this a book?
O, gəlir-mi?
Is he coming?
Bu ev-mi?
Is this a house?
Sən yorğunsan-mı?
Are you tired?
Dünən orada idin-mi?
Were you there yesterday?
Bu yemək dadlı-mı?
Is this food tasty?
Onlar Bakıdadır-mı?
Are they in Baku?
Mənə kömək edə bilərsən-mi?
Can you help me?
Səncə, bu qərar düzgün-mü?
Do you think this decision is correct?
İclas vaxtında başlayacaq-mı?
Will the meeting start on time?
O, həqiqətən belə dedi-mi?
Did he really say that?
Sənə məktub gəldi-mi?
Did a letter arrive for you?
Bu layihəni bitirmək mümkün-mü?
Is it possible to finish this project?
Sizcə, bu təklif qəbul ediləcək-mi?
Do you think this proposal will be accepted?
Hər şey hazır-mı?
Is everything ready?
O, bu barədə məlumatlı-mı?
Is he informed about this?
Görəsən, o, bu gün gələcək-mi?
I wonder, will he come today?
Bu məsələnin həlli üçün kifayət qədər vaxtımız var-mı?
Do we have enough time to solve this issue?
Sizcə, bu yanaşma effektiv-mi?
Do you think this approach is effective?
O, öz fikrini dəyişməyə hazırdır-mı?
Is he prepared to change his opinion?
Məgər bu, bizim məqsədimizə uyğun-mu?
Is this, by any chance, consistent with our goal?
Sizcə, bu dəyişikliklər cəmiyyətə müsbət təsir edəcək-mi?
Do you think these changes will positively impact society?
Bu arqumentin əsaslı olduğunu düşünürsünüz-mü?
Do you consider this argument to be well-founded?
O, bu vəziyyətdən çıxış yolu tapacaq-mı?
Will he find a way out of this situation?
間違えやすい
Learners often use both in one sentence.
Learners forget to conjugate the verb first.
Learners think it only works for verbs.
よくある間違い
Kitab-mi
Kitab-mı
Mı kitab?
Kitab-mı?
Gəlir-mı?
Gəlir-mi?
Bu-mı kitab?
Bu kitab-mı?
Yorğunsan-mi?
Yorğunsan-mı?
Gedirsən-mu?
Gedirsən-mi?
O, gəldi-mi?
O, gəldi-mi?
Düzgün-mi?
Düzgün-mü?
Başlayacaq-mi?
Başlayacaq-mı?
Mümkün-mi?
Mümkün-mü?
Effektiv-mi?
Effektiv-mi?
Uyğun-mi?
Uyğun-mu?
Hazırdır-mi?
Hazırdır-mı?
文型パターン
Bu ___ -mı?
Sən ___ -mi?
Bu yemək ___ -mu?
Sizcə, bu ___ -mü?
Real World Usage
Gəlirsən-mi?
Bu isti-mi?
Bura Bakı-mı?
Bu vəzifə uyğun-mu?
Bu düzgün-mü?
Bəyəndin-mi?
Check the last vowel
Don't forget the space
Focus on the target
Polite questioning
Smart Tips
Look at the last vowel and match the vowel in the particle.
Identify the focus word and place the particle immediately after it.
Always remember the space before the particle.
Use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence.
発音
Vowel Harmony
The particle should be pronounced as part of the word's rhythm.
Rising
Gəlirsən-mi? ↑
Standard yes/no question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'Mı-Mi-Mu-Mü' as the 'Question Choir' that sings at the end of every yes/no sentence.
視覚的連想
Imagine a tiny musical note shaped like a question mark flying to the end of a word. When it lands, it changes its color to match the vowel of the word it sits on.
Rhyme
Vowel harmony is the key, add mı, mi, mu, or mü!
Story
Ali wanted to know if his friend was coming. He shouted 'Gəlirsən!' but it sounded like a statement. He added the magical '-mi' to the end. Suddenly, it became a question: 'Gəlirsən-mi?' His friend heard the question and nodded yes.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 questions about objects on your desk using the -mı/-mi rule in 5 minutes.
文化メモ
Using the particle correctly is seen as a sign of respect and fluency.
The interrogative particle is a common feature in Turkic languages, derived from ancient suffixation patterns.
会話のきっかけ
Bu kitab-mı?
Sən yorğunsan-mı?
İşin bitdi-mi?
Bu təklif sənə uyğun-mu?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Bu kitab ___?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Bu ev-mı?
O, yorğundur.
The particle is written without a space.
A: Gəlirsən? B: ___
kitab / bu / mı / ?
Göz ___?
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesBu kitab ___?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Bu ev-mı?
O, yorğundur.
The particle is written without a space.
A: Gəlirsən? B: ___
kitab / bu / mı / ?
Göz ___?
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, in standard Azerbaijani writing, the particle is separated by a space.
The vowel harmony is determined by the last vowel of the word, regardless of whether it ends in a vowel or consonant.
Yes, 'Gəldi-mi?' (Did he come?) is perfectly correct.
No, just look at the last vowel of the plural word (e.g., 'Kitablar-mı?').
No, that would be redundant and incorrect.
No, it only changes the sentence type to a question.
Yes, it is standard in all registers.
Then you do not use the particle. 'Nə gəlir?' is correct; 'Nə gəlir-mi?' is wrong.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
-mı/-mi/-mu/-mü
The rules are identical.
¿...?
Spanish lacks a particle suffix.
est-ce que
French uses a prefix phrase.
Verb-first
German uses syntax, not particles.
ka
Japanese particle does not change based on vowels.
ma
Chinese 'ma' is invariant.
