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A1 noun 11分で読める

cümə

練習する例文メモとヒント cümə 30秒で

解説 cümə in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'cümə' is one of the first seven 'time' words you should learn. It is used to describe when things happen. You will use it in simple sentences like 'Today is Friday' (Bu gün cümədir) or 'I see you on Friday' (Cümə günü görüşərik). At this stage, focus on the spelling and the fact that it is the day after 'cümə axşamı' (Thursday) and before 'şənbə' (Saturday). You should also learn that 'cümə günü' is the standard way to say 'Friday' in a sentence. Don't worry too much about complex grammar yet; just focus on identifying the word on a calendar and using it to make basic plans. Azerbaijanis will be very happy to hear you use the correct day of the week! It is a building block for talking about your daily routine. For example, 'Cümə günü mən dərsimə gedirəm' (On Friday, I go to my lesson). Learning the days of the week is essential for basic survival in an Azerbaijani-speaking environment, from knowing when shops are open to making sure you don't miss a meeting.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'cümə' with basic suffixes and in more complex sentence structures. You should be comfortable saying 'next Friday' (gələn cümə) and 'last Friday' (keçən cümə). You will also start to use the locative case 'cümədə' (on Friday) or the more common 'cümə günü' (on Friday day). At this level, you might describe your weekly habits: 'Cümə günləri mən anamla danışıram' (On Fridays, I talk to my mother). You should also be aware of the colloquial term 'beşinci gün', which people use interchangeably with 'cümə'. Understanding the difference between 'cümə' (the day) and 'cümə axşamı' (Thursday) becomes very important here to avoid scheduling errors. You might also start to recognize the word in public announcements, such as 'Cümə günü işləmirik' (We don't work on Friday). Practice using 'cümə' with verbs in the past and future tenses to build your fluency in temporal expression.

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At the B1 level, you can use 'cümə' in a variety of contexts, including work, social life, and explaining cultural traditions. You should be able to handle the word in all six Azerbaijani cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and ablative). For example, 'Cümənin əhəmiyyəti' (The importance of Friday) or 'Cümədən bəri' (Since Friday). You can participate in longer conversations about plans, such as 'Cüməyə qədər bu sənədləri hazırlaya bilərsən?' (Can you prepare these documents by Friday?). You will also start to understand the cultural nuances, such as why some businesses might have shorter hours on a Friday or the significance of 'Cümə namazı'. At this level, you should be able to read short news articles or social media posts that mention Friday events and understand them without a dictionary. You can also start using common phrases like 'Xoş cümələr' to wish someone a good Friday.

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At the B2 level, you have a firm grasp of 'cümə' and can use it in more abstract or idiomatic ways. You understand the nuances of formal vs. informal usage (Cümə vs. Beşinci gün) and can switch between them depending on your audience. You can discuss the historical and religious origins of the word, linking it to the Arabic root meaning 'gathering'. You are comfortable using 'cümə' in complex sentences with subordinate clauses, such as 'Cümə günü gələcəyini desə də, hələ də gəlib çıxmayıb' (Even though he said he would come on Friday, he still hasn't arrived). You can also understand and use 'cümə' in the context of business marketing, such as 'Qara Cümə' (Black Friday) deals. Your pronunciation should be natural, correctly placing the stress and handling the 'ü' vowel with ease. You can also interpret the word in literature or more formal speeches where it might carry a more symbolic weight.

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At the C1 level, you use 'cümə' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of less common terms like 'Adina' and can appreciate their use in classical Azerbaijani literature or poetry. You can discuss the sociolinguistic aspects of how the names of the days have changed over time in Azerbaijan. You can use 'cümə' in highly formal or academic writing, perhaps in a paper about cultural history or religious practices. You understand the subtle emotional connotations the word might have in different contexts—for some, it's a day of rest; for others, a day of intense spiritual focus; for others, a busy commercial day. You can follow fast-paced debates or lectures where 'cümə' might be mentioned in passing as part of a complex timeline. Your use of the word is flawless, and you can even play with the language, using puns or stylistic variations that involve the word 'cümə' or its roots.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'cümə' is complete. You understand the word's deepest etymological roots and its relationship to other Turkic and Semitic languages. You can analyze the use of 'cümə' in the works of great Azerbaijani poets like Nizami or Fuzuli, where the day might be used as a metaphor for gathering, unity, or the divine. You are capable of translating complex legal or historical documents where the specific designation of 'cümə' might have significant implications. You can navigate any dialectal variation across Azerbaijan and the wider Turkic world (like the difference between Azerbaijani 'cümə' and Turkish 'cuma' or Turkmen 'anna'). You possess an intuitive sense of the word's rhythm and placement in high-level rhetoric. For you, 'cümə' is not just a word for a day; it's a cultural artifact that you can wield with sophistication and cultural depth in any communicative situation.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

cümə 30秒で

Cümə is the Azerbaijani word for Friday, essential for basic time-telling and scheduling.
It is a noun derived from Arabic, meaning 'gathering' or 'assembly'.
In sentences, it is often paired with 'günü' to mean 'on Friday' (cümə günü).
It is culturally significant as the day of congregational prayer in Islamic tradition.

The Azerbaijani word cümə serves as the primary designation for Friday, the fifth day of the traditional work week and the sixth day of the week in the Gregorian calendar used in Azerbaijan. Understanding this word is fundamental for any beginner (A1) learner as it forms the backbone of scheduling, time management, and social coordination. Historically and culturally, cümə carries significant weight due to its origins in Islamic tradition, where it represents the day of congregational gathering and prayer. In modern Azerbaijan, while the state is secular, the linguistic remnants of this cultural importance remain deeply embedded in daily speech.

Temporal Designation: In a standard calendar context, cümə follows cümə axşamı (Thursday) and precedes şənbə (Saturday). It marks the transition into the weekend for many workers and students.
Cultural Significance: Beyond just a date, it is often associated with the 'Cümə namazı' (Friday prayer), leading to a specific atmosphere in cities like Baku where traffic and social rhythms might shift around midday.

Biz hər cümə günü restorana gedirik.

Translation: We go to a restaurant every Friday.

When using cümə, learners should note that Azerbaijanis often append the word 'günü' (day) to specify 'Friday day', although cümə alone is perfectly understood in context. For instance, 'Mən cümə günü gələcəyəm' (I will come on Friday) is the standard construction. The word is used in business to set deadlines, in social circles to plan gatherings, and in religious contexts to denote the holy day. It is a versatile noun that undergoes standard Azerbaijani declension, allowing it to function as a subject, object, or possessive in a sentence.

Bu cümə çox vacibdir.

Translation: This Friday is very important.

Grammatical Case: Dative: Adding '-yə' creates 'cüməyə' (to/until Friday). Example: 'Cüməyə qədər bitir' (Finish it by Friday).
Grammatical Case: Locative: Adding '-də' creates 'cümədə' (on Friday/at Friday). Example: 'Cümədə görüşərik' (See you on Friday).

Gələn cümə boşsan?

Translation: Are you free next Friday?

To conclude, mastering cümə involves more than just memorizing a translation; it requires an appreciation for its role in the weekly cycle of Azerbaijani life. Whether you are booking a flight, making a doctor's appointment, or simply greeting a friend with 'Xoş cümələr' (Happy Fridays), this word is an essential tool in your linguistic kit. It bridges the gap between secular scheduling and traditional cultural rhythms, making it a perfect example of how language reflects the society that speaks it.

Using the word cümə correctly in Azerbaijani involves understanding its interaction with suffixes and other time-related words. Azerbaijani is an agglutinative language, meaning we add suffixes to the end of words to change their meaning or grammatical function. For cümə, these suffixes allow you to say 'on Friday', 'from Friday', 'until Friday', and more. The most common construction is the use of the word 'günü' (day of) to create a specific time marker.

The 'Günü' Construction: To say 'on Friday', you use 'cümə günü'. To say 'on Fridays' (regularly), you use 'cümə günləri'. Example: 'Cümə günləri mən idmanla məşğul oluram' (On Fridays I do sports).

Mən cümə günü işləmirəm.

Translation: I do not work on Friday.

Another important aspect is the use of demonstrative adjectives like 'bu' (this), 'gələn' (next), and 'keçən' (last). These precede the word cümə to specify which Friday you are referring to. For example, 'Bu cümə biz Bakıya gedirik' (This Friday we are going to Baku). Notice that in Azerbaijani, we don't always need a preposition like 'on' if we use 'bu' or 'gələn'.

Keçən cümə hava çox gözəl idi.

Translation: Last Friday the weather was very beautiful.

Directional Suffixes: If you want to say 'until Friday', you use the dative case plus 'qədər'. 'Cüməyə qədər gözlə' (Wait until Friday). To say 'starting from Friday', use the ablative case: 'Cümədən başlayaraq' (Starting from Friday).

O, cümə gününə qədər burada olacaq.

Translation: He will be here until Friday.

Finally, consider the plural form 'cümələr'. While we don't often say 'Fridays' as a plural subject in English, in Azerbaijani, 'Cümələriniz mübarək' is a common religious greeting meaning 'May your Fridays be blessed'. This shows how the word can expand into plural forms for specific cultural expressions. By mastering these patterns, you can navigate conversations about time with ease and precision.

In Azerbaijan, the word cümə is omnipresent, echoing through various layers of society from the bustling streets of Baku to the quiet villages of the Caucasus mountains. You will encounter it in formal settings like television news broadcasts, where the weather forecast or the weekly summary is given. News anchors will say, 'Cümə günü ölkə ərazisində hava yağıntılı olacaq' (On Friday, it will be rainy across the country). It is also the standard term used in all digital and paper calendars, often abbreviated as 'C.' or 'Cüm.'.

In the Workplace: Offices are rife with the word. Colleagues will ask, 'Cümə günü iclasımız var?' (Do we have a meeting on Friday?). Because it marks the end of the work week, there's often a palpable sense of relief associated with the word, much like 'TGIF' (Thank God It's Friday) in English-speaking cultures.

Gəlin bu layihəni cümə gününə qədər bitirək.

Translation: Let's finish this project by Friday.

In the religious and cultural sphere, cümə is heard near mosques as people gather for the midday prayer. You might hear the 'Azan' (call to prayer) and people greeting each other with religious phrases. In local markets (bazars), sellers might mention cümə when discussing when new stock will arrive or when the market will be most crowded. 'Cümə günü bazar çox qələbəlik olur' (The market is very crowded on Friday).

Sən cümə namazına gedirsən?

Translation: Are you going to the Friday prayer?

Social media and messaging apps like WhatsApp are also primary places where you'll see cümə. Friends planning a 'Friday night out' will text, 'Cümə axşamı görüşək?' (Note: In a modern social context, this might mean Thursday evening or Friday evening depending on the group, but usually 'Cümə günü axşam' is clearer for Friday night). Retail stores frequently advertise 'Cümə endirimləri' (Friday discounts), especially around the global 'Black Friday' phenomenon, which is translated as 'Qara Cümə'. Thus, from ancient religious calls to modern commercial advertisements, cümə is a word that vibrates through every corner of Azerbaijani life.

For English speakers, the most frequent and confusing mistake involves the term cümə axşamı. In English, 'Friday evening' refers to the later part of Friday. However, in Azerbaijani, cümə axşamı (literally 'Friday's evening') is the standard word for Thursday. This stems from the traditional lunar calendar where the new day begins at sunset. Therefore, the 'evening of Friday' actually begins on Thursday night. If you tell someone 'Cümə axşamı gələcəyəm' thinking you're coming Friday night, they will expect you on Thursday!

The 'Thursday' Trap: Mistake: Using 'cümə axşamı' for Friday night. Correct: Use 'cümə günü axşam' for Friday night. Remember: Cümə axşamı = Thursday.

Səhv: Cümə axşamı Friday deyil!

Explanation: Reminding yourself that 'Cümə axşamı' is NOT Friday.

Another common error is the incorrect application of vowel harmony and buffer consonants. Because cümə ends in a vowel, many learners forget the 'y' buffer when adding suffixes. Saying 'cüməə' instead of 'cüməyə' is a classic mistake. Additionally, learners often confuse 'cümə' with 'cümhuriyyət' (republic) because they share the same initial letters, though they are unrelated in meaning. Ensure you focus on the 'm-ə' ending to keep the day of the week distinct.

Düzgün: Cüməyə qədər. Səhv: Cüməə qədər.

Correction: Using the buffer 'y' for the dative case.

Finally, be careful with the word 'beşinci gün' (fifth day). While it is a common colloquial way to say Friday, in formal writing or when speaking with elders in a respectful context, cümə is preferred. Using 'beşinci gün' in a very formal invitation might come across as too casual. Conversely, forgetting that Sunday is 'Bazar' and trying to relate 'cümə' to 'bazar' (market) is a common logic trap; they are distinct terms with distinct origins. Stick to the traditional names for clarity.

While cümə is the standard name for Friday, there are several related terms and alternatives that learners should be aware of to enrich their vocabulary. The most common alternative is the numerical system. In Azerbaijani, days of the week are often colloquially referred to by their order, starting from Monday. Thus, Friday is 'beşinci gün' (the fifth day). You will hear this frequently in casual conversation, especially when people are counting down to the weekend.

Cümə vs. Beşinci Gün: 'Cümə' is the formal, traditional name. 'Beşinci gün' is the colloquial, numerical name. Both are widely used, but 'cümə' is better for formal contexts and calendars.

Mən beşinci gün gələrəm.

Translation: I will come on the fifth day (Friday).

Another related word is həftəsonu (weekend). Since Friday is the gateway to the weekend, it is often mentioned in the same breath. 'Cümə günü həftəsonu başlayır' (The weekend starts on Friday). There is also the religious term Adina, which is an older, Persian-derived word for Friday used in some dialects or classical literature, though it is rare in modern Baku Azerbaijani. Knowing it can help you understand older relatives or classical poetry.

Bu həftəsonu planın nədir?

Translation: What is your plan for this weekend?

Finally, consider the word bayram (holiday). If a Friday coincides with a national holiday, it might be called 'Bayram cüməsi'. There's also 'Müqəddəs Cümə' (Good Friday) in the context of Christian traditions, though this is less common in the general Azerbaijani lexicon unless discussing international events. By understanding these nuances—the numerical 'beşinci gün', the gateway to 'həftəsonu', and the rare 'Adina'—you will sound much more like a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

Because Friday is the day of gathering, many related Azerbaijani words like 'camaat' (people/community) and 'cəmiyyət' (society) share the same linguistic root.

発音ガイド

UK /dʒyˈmæ/

US /dʒyˈmæ/

Final syllable (cü-MƏ).

韻が合う語

dəmə sürmə gəlmə tərcümə düymə nəğmə çəkmə bölmə

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ü' as 'oo' (like in 'boot'). It should be more like the 'i' in 'sit' but with rounded lips.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing the 'c' as 's' or 'k'. In Azerbaijani, 'c' is always a soft 'j' sound.
Failing to pronounce the final 'ə' clearly.
Confusing 'c' with 'ç' (which is 'ch').

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize on calendars and in text.

ライティング 2/5

Need to remember the 'ü' and 'ə' vowels.

スピーキング 2/5

Requires correct 'ü' pronunciation and final stress.

リスニング 1/5

Clear and distinct sound, easily identified.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

gün həftə sabah dünən vaxt

次に学ぶ

şənbə bazar cümə axşamı təqvim görüş

上級

müqəddəs namaz təxirə salmaq öhdəlik mənəvi

知っておくべき文法

Vowel Harmony (Front Vowels)

Cümə ends in 'ə', so suffixes use front vowels: cümə-də, cümə-yə.

Buffer 'y' for Vowel-Ending Words

Cümə + ə (dative) becomes cüməyə.

Possessive Construction (Noun Compounds)

Cümə günü (Friday's day) - the second noun takes the suffix -i/ı/u/ü.

Locative Case for Time

Cümədə (on Friday) indicates the time an action occurs.

Ablative Case for Starting Point

Cümədən (from Friday) indicates the beginning of a duration.

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レベル別の例文

Bu gün cümədir.

Today is Friday.

The suffix -dir is the 'to be' verb for the third person singular.

Mən cümə günü gəlirəm.

I am coming on Friday.

Cümə günü is the standard way to say 'on Friday'.

Cümə günü görüşərik.

See you on Friday.

Görüşərik is the future tense 'we will meet/see each other'.

Cümə günü iş var?

Is there work on Friday?

Var means 'there is' or 'exists'.

O, cümə günü oxuyur.

He/she reads/studies on Friday.

Present continuous tense.

Cümə günü hava necədir?

How is the weather on Friday?

Necədir means 'how is it'.

Biz cümə günü gedirik.

We are going on Friday.

First person plural present continuous.

Cümə günü bazar açıqdır.

The market is open on Friday.

Açıqdır means 'is open'.

Gələn cümə mənim ad günümdür.

Next Friday is my birthday.

Gələn means 'next' or 'coming'.

Keçən cümə biz kinoya getdik.

Last Friday we went to the cinema.

Keçən means 'last' or 'past'.

Cümə günləri mən parkda qaçıram.

On Fridays I run in the park.

Plural 'günləri' indicates a regular habit.

Sən cümə günü boşsan?

Are you free on Friday?

Boşsan means 'you are free/empty'.

Cümə günü axşam bizə gəl.

Come to us (our house) on Friday evening.

Imperative 'gəl' (come).

O, hər cümə məscidə gedir.

He goes to the mosque every Friday.

Hər means 'every'.

Cümə günü dərsimiz yoxdur.

We don't have a lesson on Friday.

Yoxdur means 'there is not'.

Bu cümə çox məşğulam.

I am very busy this Friday.

Məşğulam means 'I am busy'.

Cüməyə qədər hesabatı bitirməliyəm.

I must finish the report by Friday.

Qədər (until/by) requires the dative case (-yə).

Biz cümə günü üçün plan qururuq.

We are making a plan for Friday.

Üçün means 'for'.

Cümədən bəri səni görmürəm.

I haven't seen you since Friday.

Bəri (since) requires the ablative case (-dən).

Cümənin gəlişini hamı gözləyir.

Everyone waits for the arrival of Friday.

Genitive case 'cümənin' used with 'gəlişini'.

Cümə günü şəhərdə tıxac olur.

There is a traffic jam in the city on Friday.

Tıxac means traffic jam.

Mən cüməni çox sevirəm.

I love Friday very much.

Accusative case 'cüməni' as the direct object.

Cümə günü mağazalarda endirim var.

There are discounts in stores on Friday.

Endirim means discount.

Siz cümə günü harada olacaqsınız?

Where will you be on Friday?

Future tense of 'olmaq'.

Cümə günü olması işlərin yavaşlamasına səbəb olur.

The fact that it is Friday causes work to slow down.

Use of the gerund 'olması'.

Cüməyə olan görüşümüz təxirə salındı.

Our meeting scheduled for Friday has been postponed.

Təxirə salınmaq is a passive verb meaning 'to be postponed'.

O, hər cümə xeyriyyə işləri ilə məşğul olur.

He engages in charity work every Friday.

Xeyriyyə means charity.

Cümə axşamı və cümə arasındakı fərqi bilməlisən.

You must know the difference between Thursday and Friday.

Arasındakı means 'which is between'.

Cümə günü gələn qonaqlar üçün hazırlıq görürük.

We are preparing for the guests coming on Friday.

Hazırlıq görmək means 'to make preparations'.

Bu cümə sənədli film nümayiş olunacaq.

A documentary film will be shown this Friday.

Nümayiş olunmaq means 'to be exhibited/shown'.

Cümə günü Bakı küçələri çox canlı olur.

Baku streets are very lively on Friday.

Canlı means lively or alive.

Mən bu cüməni səbirsizliklə gözləyirdim.

I was looking forward to this Friday with impatience.

Səbirsizliklə means 'impatiently'.

Cümə gününün mənəvi dəyəri xalqımız üçün böyükdür.

The spiritual value of Friday is great for our people.

Mənəvi means spiritual or moral.

Cümə namazından sonra ağsaqqallar çayxanada toplaşırlar.

After the Friday prayer, the elders gather in the teahouse.

Ağsaqqal literally means 'white beard', meaning elder.

Müəllif əsərində cümə gününü ümid rəmzi kimi təsvir edir.

The author describes Friday as a symbol of hope in his work.

Rəmzi means 'symbolic'.

Cüməyə qədər bütün öhdəliklərimi yerinə yetirməliyəm.

I must fulfill all my obligations by Friday.

Öhdəlik means obligation or responsibility.

Tarixi mənbələrdə cümə gününün xüsusi qeyd edildiyini görürük.

In historical sources, we see that Friday was specifically noted.

Qeyd edilmək means 'to be noted/recorded'.

Cümə gününün sükutu mənə hüzur verir.

The silence of Friday gives me peace.

Hüzur means peace or serenity.

Dövlət tədbiri gələn cüməyə təyin edilib.

The state event has been scheduled for next Friday.

Təyin edilmək means 'to be appointed/scheduled'.

Cümənin bərəkəti hər kəsin üzündə hiss olunurdu.

The blessing of Friday was felt on everyone's face.

Bərəkət means blessing or abundance.

Klassik ədəbiyyatda cümə, vüsal günü kimi tərənnüm olunur.

In classical literature, Friday is praised as the day of reunion.

Tərənnüm olunmaq means 'to be chanted/praised in song'.

Cümə gününün astrolojik və teoloji aspektləri dərindən araşdırılmalıdır.

The astrological and theological aspects of Friday should be deeply researched.

Aspekt means aspect.

O, cümənin fəzilətləri haqqında uzun bir traktat yazıb.

He wrote a long treatise on the virtues of Friday.

Fəzilət means virtue or excellence.

Cümə günü baş verən hadisələr ölkənin siyasi kursuna təsir etdi.

The events occurring on Friday influenced the country's political course.

Siyasi kurs means political course.

Cümənin gəlişi ilə şəhərin ritmi tamamilə transformasiya uğrayır.

With the arrival of Friday, the rhythm of the city undergoes a complete transformation.

Transformasiya uğramaq means 'to undergo transformation'.

Bu qərar cümə günü qüvvəyə minəcək fərmanla təsdiqlənib.

This decision was confirmed by a decree that will take effect on Friday.

Qüvvəyə minmək means 'to come into force'.

Cümə gününün kollektiv şüurda tutduğu yer əvəzedilməzdir.

The place Friday holds in the collective consciousness is irreplaceable.

Kollektiv şüur means collective consciousness.

Cümənin müqəddəsliyi xalq inanclarında öz əksini tapır.

The holiness of Friday is reflected in folk beliefs.

Öz əksini tapmaq means 'to be reflected'.

よく使う組み合わせ

cümə günü

gələn cümə

keçən cümə

cümə namazı

müqəddəs cümə

cümə axşamı

hər cümə

bu cümə

qara cümə

cüməyə qədər

よく使うフレーズ

Cüməniz mübarək!

— A common greeting wishing someone a blessed Friday. Used primarily among religious or traditional people.

Salam, cüməniz mübarək!

Xoş cümələr!

— A general friendly wish for a good Friday. Similar to 'Have a nice Friday'.

Hamıya xoş cümələr arzulayıram.

Cümə xeyirli olsun!

— May your Friday be beneficial or good. A polite greeting.

Sabahınız xeyir, cümə xeyirli olsun.

Cümə günü gələrəm.

— A standard way to confirm an appointment on Friday.

Narahat olma, cümə günü gələrəm.

Bu cümə iş yoxdur.

— Stating that there is no work this Friday (due to a holiday or schedule).

Bayramdır, bu cümə iş yoxdur.

Cüməyə planın nədir?

— Asking someone about their plans for Friday.

Cüməyə planın nədir? Gəzək?

Cümə namazı vaxtı.

— Referring to the time of the Friday congregational prayer.

Cümə namazı vaxtı dükan bağlıdır.

Gələn cüməyə saxla.

— Leave it/keep it until next Friday. Often used for tasks or meetings.

Bu işi gələn cüməyə saxla.

Cümə günləri həmişə belədir.

— Fridays are always like this. Used to describe a recurring Friday situation (like traffic).

Tıxac var? Cümə günləri həmişə belədir.

Keçən cümədən bəri.

— Since last Friday. Used to describe a duration of time.

Keçən cümədən bəri xəstəyəm.

よく混同される語

cümə vs cümə axşamı

This means Thursday, not Friday evening. This is the #1 mistake for English speakers.

cümə vs cümhuriyyət

Means 'republic'. It starts similarly but is completely unrelated.

cümə vs cümlə

Means 'sentence'. Similar sound but different meaning.

慣用句と表現

"Cümə namazına gecikmək"

— Literally 'to be late for Friday prayer', used figuratively to mean missing an important, time-sensitive opportunity.

Sən həmişə cümə namazına gecikirsən.

informal

"Cümə günü bazara getmək"

— To do things when everyone else is doing them, often implying dealing with crowds.

Cümə günü bazara getmək ağıllı iş deyil.

casual

"Hər günün bir cüməsi var"

— Meaning that every period of work or hardship has an end or a day of rest/reward.

Döz, hər günün bir cüməsi var.

philosophical

"Cəmi-cümlətanı"

— In total, altogether. While not directly about Friday, it shares the 'assembly/total' root.

Cəmi-cümlətanı beş manatım var.

neutral

"Cümə axşamından qorxmaq"

— To be anxious about the upcoming weekend or a specific weekly event.

O, həmişə cümə axşamından qorxur.

informal

"Cümə mübarəkliyi"

— The special atmosphere or good vibe of a Friday.

Şəhərdə bir cümə mübarəkliyi var.

poetic

"Cümə günü doğulmaq"

— In some folk beliefs, being born on a Friday is considered lucky.

O, bəxtəvərdir, cümə günü doğulub.

folkloric

"Cüməyə qədər yaşamaq"

— To survive a difficult week.

Təki cüməyə qədər yaşayaq.

humorous

"Cümə bazarı kimi"

— Messy, crowded, or chaotic like a Friday market.

Otağın cümə bazarı kimidir.

informal

"Cüməni şənbəyə bağlamaq"

— To stay up late on Friday night into Saturday morning.

Dünən cüməni şənbəyə bağladıq.

slang

間違えやすい

cümə vs Cümə axşamı

Literal translation 'Friday evening' leads to confusion.

Cümə axşamı is Thursday. Friday evening is 'cümə axşamı' in a literal sense but the day is Thursday.

Cümə axşamı (Thursday) gəl, cümə günü (Friday) yox.

cümə vs Çərşənbə

Both start with a similar sound for beginners.

Çərşənbə is Wednesday. Cümə is Friday.

Çərşənbə həftənin ortasıdır, cümə isə sonudur.

cümə vs Camaat

Shared Arabic root 'gathering'.

Camaat refers to a group of people or a community. Cümə is the day they gather.

Camaat cümə namazına yığışır.

cümə vs Cəm

Shared root.

Cəm means 'sum', 'total', or 'plural'. Cümə is the day.

Cəmi neçə manatdır?

cümə vs Cim

Phonetic similarity.

Cim is the name of the Arabic letter 'J'. Cümə is the day.

Əlifba 'cim' hərfi ilə davam edir.

文型パターン

Bu gün [Day]dir.

Bu gün cümədir.

[Day] günü [Verb].

Cümə günü gəlirəm.

Gələn [Day] [Action].

Gələn cümə görüşərik.

Hər [Day] [Action].

Hər cümə idman edirəm.

[Day]yə qədər [Action].

Cüməyə qədər bitir.

[Day]dən bəri [Action].

Cümədən bəri gözləyirəm.

[Day] günü olduğu üçün [Action].

Cümə günü olduğu üçün tıxac var.

[Day]nin əhəmiyyəti [Description].

Cümənin əhəmiyyəti böyükdür.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely frequent in daily life, work, and media.

よくある間違い

Using 'cümə axşamı' for Friday night. → cümə günü axşam
Cümə axşamı is the name for Thursday. This is a very common point of confusion for learners.
Saying 'cüməə' for 'to Friday'. → cüməyə
You must use the buffer 'y' between two vowels in Azerbaijani.
Pronouncing 'c' as 's'. → Pronounce like 'j' in 'jam'.
The letter 'c' in Azerbaijani is always a 'j' sound. 'S' is a different letter.
Thinking Friday is a non-working day. → Friday is a full work day.
Unlike some other Muslim-majority countries, Azerbaijan follows a Monday-Friday work week.
Confusing 'Cümə' (Friday) with 'Çərşənbə' (Wednesday). → Cümə (Fri), Çərşənbə (Wed).
They both start with a similar sound for beginners, but are different days.

ヒント

Buffer 'y'

Always remember the buffer 'y' when adding vowel suffixes: cümə + ə = cüməyə. Without it, the word sounds broken.

Religious Greeting

Saying 'Cüməniz mübarək' is a very kind gesture to older or more traditional Azerbaijanis on a Friday.

Numerical Days

Learn the numbers 1-5 to understand the colloquial names for days (1st day = Monday, 5th day = Friday).

Avoid Confusion

Double-check if someone says 'cümə axşamı'. They almost certainly mean Thursday!

The 'ü' sound

Keep your tongue forward and lips rounded for the 'ü' in 'cümə'. It's a distinct sound from 'u'.

Proper Noun

Capitalize 'Cümə' in your writing to follow standard Azerbaijani grammar rules.

Suffixes

Pay attention to the end of the word. 'Cümədən' (from), 'Cüməyə' (to), and 'Cümədə' (on) change the meaning significantly.

Friday Plans

Friday is the best day to invite friends out, as the weekend starts the next day.

Calendar Symbols

On many Azerbaijani calendars, Friday is just the letter 'C'. Don't confuse it with 'Ç' (Wednesday).

Friday Eve

Remember the concept of 'Friday Eve' (Thursday) to understand why Thursday is so important in Azerbaijani culture.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'C' for 'Calendar' and 'ü' as two people standing together (the dots) to 'gather' on Friday. C-ü-m-ə.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large group of people gathering (the meaning of the root) in a town square on a Friday afternoon.

Word Web

Həftə Gün İstirahət Məscid Bazar ertəsi Şənbə Təqvim Axşam

チャレンジ

Try to use the word 'cümə' in three different sentences today: one about work, one about a friend, and one about the weather.

語源

The word 'cümə' enters Azerbaijani from Arabic 'Jumu'ah' (الجمعة). It is rooted in the Arabic verb 'jama'a', which means 'to gather' or 'to assemble'.

元の意味： Gathering or assembly, referring to the congregational prayer held on this day.

Semitic (Arabic) root, adopted into Turkic (Azerbaijani).

文化的な背景

Be respectful of the religious significance of the day; avoid scheduling very loud or disruptive events near mosques during prayer time on Fridays.

Unlike in many English-speaking countries where Friday is just 'the day before the weekend', in Azerbaijan it has a deeper religious 'gathering' connotation.

The poem 'Cümə günü' by various Azerbaijani poets. The historical 'Cümə Məscidi' (Friday Mosque) in Icherisheher, Baku. The 'Friday' scenes in classic Azerbaijani films like 'O olmasın, bu olsun'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Work/Office

Cümə günü hesabat hazırdır.
İclası cüməyə salaq.
Cümə günü işləyirik?
Cüməyə qədər bitir.

Social/Friends

Cümə axşamı (Friday night) neyləyirsən?
Cümə günü görüşək.
Bu cümə boşsan?
Cümə günü gedirik.

Religious

Cümə namazı saat neçədədir?
Cüməniz mübarək!
Məscidə cümə günü gedirəm.
Xeyirli cümələr.

Shopping

Cümə endirimi var?
Qara cümə nə vaxtdır?
Cümə günü bazar açıqdır.
Yeni mallar cümə günü gəlir.

Travel/Transport

Bilet cümə gününədir.
Cümə günü qatar gedir?
Cümə günü tıxac çox olur.
Cümə günü uçuruq.

会話のきっかけ

"Cümə günü üçün nə planın var?"

"Sən hər cümə nə edirsən?"

"Bu cümə hava necə olacaq, bilirsən?"

"Cümə günü harada görüşək?"

"Səncə, cümə həftənin ən yaxşı günüdür?"

日記のテーマ

Keçən cümə günü etdiyin ən maraqlı şeyi yaz.

Sənin üçün ideal bir cümə günü necə keçməlidir?

Cümə gününün sənin mədəniyyətindəki önəmi nədir?

Gələn cümə günü üçün hədəflərini siyahıya al.

Cümə günü işləmək yoxsa istirahət etmək daha yaxşıdır? Niyə?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'cümə' is the direct equivalent of Friday. However, culturally, it often carries more religious weight as the day of congregational prayer. In a business context, it functions exactly like Friday.

No, Azerbaijan is a secular state. Friday is a standard work day. The weekend consists of Saturday (şənbə) and Sunday (bazar).

The most natural way is to say 'cümə günü'. You can also use the locative case 'cümədə', but 'cümə günü' is much more common for specific plans.

This is a colloquial way of naming the days by their order in the week, starting from Monday. Since Friday is the fifth day, it's called 'beşinci gün'. It's very common in casual speech.

Be careful! 'Cümə axşamı' means Thursday. It literally translates to 'Friday's Eve'. If you want to say Friday evening, say 'cümə günü axşam'.

Yes, like all days of the week in Azerbaijani, 'Cümə' is treated as a proper noun and capitalized when referring to the specific day.

The plural is 'cümələr'. It is used in phrases like 'Xoş cümələr' (Happy Fridays) or when talking about multiple Fridays.

It is the Azerbaijani translation for 'Black Friday', the shopping event. It has become very popular in Baku malls in recent years.

It comes from the Arabic root J-M-', which means 'to gather'. This refers to the gathering of the community for prayer on this day.

Yes, for example, 'cümə bazarı kimi' (like a Friday market) describes something very crowded or messy.

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