Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for he, she, and it in affirmative sentences; use 'have' for everyone else and in all questions/negatives.
- Use 'has' for third-person singular (He has a dog).
- Use 'have' for I, You, We, They (They have a dog).
- Use 'have' after 'does' or 'doesn't' (Does he have a dog?).
Overview
have。この動詞は、主語によって形が変わるという、英語の基本的なルールである「主語と動詞の一致（subject-verb agreement）」の典型例です。特に現在形では、主語が三人称単数（彼、彼女、それ）の場合に has を使い、それ以外はすべて have を使います。このルールを正確に理解し使いこなすことは、英語をより自然に、そして正確に話すための重要なステップです。B1レベルでは、この has と have の使い分けは、日常会話やビジネスシーンで頻繁に登場するため、マスターしておくとコミュニケーションの質が格段に向上します。He have a question. と間違えると、ネイティブスピーカーにはすぐに「英語を母語としない人だな」と分かってしまいます。この違いを理解し、正しく使い分けることで、あなたの英語はより洗練されたものになります。このガイドでは、has と have の使い分けについて、その仕組みから具体的な使い方、よくある間違いまで、詳しく解説していきます。I, we）、二人称（you）、三人称（he, she, it, they）に分けられます。また、それぞれが単数（一つ）か複数（複数）かでも区別されます。to have は、この主語と動詞の一致のルールにおいて、少し特別な動詞、つまり「不規則動詞（irregular verb）」に分類されます。一般的な動詞（規則動詞）は、三人称単数の現在形を作る際に、語尾に -s を付けるだけで形が決まります（例：I walk → she walks）。しかし、to have の場合は、has という全く異なる形をとるのです。これは古い英語の時代の名残で、当時の動詞の活用はもっと複雑でした。長い年月を経て英語は簡略化されてきましたが、この have/has の区別だけは、現在まで残っています。has を使い、それ以外のすべての主語には have を使います。 三人称単数とは、代名詞の he（彼）、she（彼女）、it（それ）に加えて、これらの代名詞で置き換えられる可能性のある、すべての単数名詞を指します。例えば、「そのレポート」は it、「私の上司」は he または she、「その会社」は it と考えることができます。これらすべての主語は has をとります。The engineer has a blueprint.（エンジニアは設計図を持っています。）- 「The engineer」は「he」または「she」なので三人称単数です。This process has a critical flaw.（このプロセスには重大な欠陥があります。）- 「This process」は「it」なので三人称単数です。They have a different opinion.（彼らは違う意見を持っています。）- 「They」は三人称複数なのでhaveを使います。
to have が「主要動詞（main verb）」として使われる場合（所有や存在などを表す場合）と、「補助動詞（auxiliary verb）」として使われる場合（完了形を作る場合）とで、構造が少し異なります。to have の基本的な主語と動詞の組み合わせを示しています。have | I have an idea. |have | You have a deadline. |has | She has relevant experience. |have | We have a team meeting. |have | They have completed the project. |has/have + 文の残りの部分。My colleague has two monitors.（同僚はモニターを2台持っています。）The new regulations have some benefits.（新しい規制にはいくつかの利点があります。）
have が主要動詞である場合、否定文を作るには、助動詞 do（does not または do not の形）を使用する必要があります。このとき、主要動詞は元の形である have に戻ります。does not / do not + have + 文の残りの部分。do not have | We do not have enough data. |does not have | He does not have the authorization. |*He has not a car. のような言い方は、文法的に古く、現代では使いません。現代的で正しい形は He doesn't have a car. です。have が補助動詞（現在完了形を作る場合）である場合は、単純に have の後に not を付け加えるだけで否定文を作ります。has not / have not + 過去分詞。She has not submitted the report yet.（短縮形：hasn't）（彼女はまだレポートを提出していません。）The developers have not fixed the bug.（短縮形：haven't）（開発者たちはバグを修正していません。）
have が主要動詞の場合、助動詞 do/does を使います。Do / Does + 主語 + have + 文の残りの部分？Do [subject] have | Do you have a moment? |Does [subject] have | Does the client have any feedback? |have が補助動詞の場合は、主語と補助動詞を入れ替えます。Has / Have + 主語 + 過去分詞？Has she finished the analysis?（彼女は分析を終えましたか？）Have they received the invoice?（彼らは請求書を受け取りましたか？）
has と have は非常に用途が広いため、その主な機能を理解することで、いつこの一致のルールを適用すべきかが明確になります。He has a strong background in data science.（彼はデータサイエンスの強力なバックグラウンドを持っています。）The building has excellent security features.（その建物は優れたセキュリティ機能を備えています。）These models have a longer battery life.（これらのモデルは、より長いバッテリー寿命を持っています。）
Has と have は、現在完了形や現在完了進行形といった、過去と現在を繋ぐ時制を形成するための不可欠な構成要素です。- 現在完了形:
主語 + has/have + 過去分詞。この時制は、過去のある時点で行われたが、現在も関連性がある行動を表します。She has visited Paris three times.（彼女はパリに3回行ったことがあります。）- 彼女の経験は現在にも繋がっています。 - 現在完了進行形:
主語 + has/have + been + -ing動詞。これは、過去に始まった行動が現在も継続している、または最近終了したことを示すのに使われます。He has been waiting for over an hour.（彼は1時間以上待っています。）- 待ち続けている、またはその影響が現在も感じられます。
have to を使って義務を表す場合have to（または has to）というフレーズは、必要性や義務を表す助動詞（例：must）のように機能します。この場合、動詞 have は主語に応じて活用します。An employee has to complete the mandatory training.（従業員は必須トレーニングを完了しなければなりません。）We have to reschedule the meeting.（私たちは会議を再スケジュールしなければなりません。）- 疑問文や否定文では、主要動詞のパターンに従い、
do/doesを使用します：Does he have to attend?（彼は出席しなければなりませんか？）またはYou don't have to decide right now.（あなたは今すぐ決める必要はありません。）
have は「非意味動詞（delexical verb）」または「ライト動詞」として機能します。その意味は後続の名詞から来ており、通常は所有というよりは行動や経験を表します。- 食事:
have breakfast,have lunch,have coffee(She has coffee with her team at 10 AM.- 彼女は午前10時にチームとコーヒーを飲みます。) - 会話:
have a chat,have a discussion,have a word(The director has a word with every new hire.- 部長は新入社員一人ひとりと話します。) - 経験:
have a good time,have a party,have a look,have a rest(I hope you have a good time at the conference.- 会議で楽しい時間を過ごせることを願っています。) - 入浴:
have a shower,have a bath(He has a shower after his workout.- 彼はワークアウトの後にシャワーを浴びます。)
has と have の使い分けで間違いを犯すことがあります。これらのよくある間違いを認識することが、それをなくすための第一歩です。have を使うI, you, we, they のパターンを三人称単数にも当てはめてしまうことから起こります。- 間違い:
*My manager have a new assistant. - 正しい:
My manager has a new assistant.（managerは単数名詞です。） - 間違い:
*The system have a major bug. - 正しい:
The system has a major bug.（systemはitなので三人称単数です。）
have が常に補助動詞であるかのように考えてしまい、do/does を使わずに否定文や疑問文を誤って作ってしまいます。- 間違い:
*She has not any questions. - 正しい:
She does not have any questions. - 間違い:
*Has your company a wellness program? - 正しい:
Does your company have a wellness program?
's との混同's は is と has の両方を表すため、文脈によって意味を判断する必要があります。これは読み書きの両方で混乱を招く可能性があります。He's | He is | 形容詞、名詞、または -ing 動詞が続く場合。 | He's a talented designer. (He is...) |He's working from home. (He is...) |He's | He has | 過去分詞 (-ed, -en など) が続く場合。 | He's submitted the invoice. (He has...) |got または a/an が所有を表す場合。 | He's got a new car. (He has...) |team, committee, company, family などの集合名詞は、人々の集まりを指しますが、アメリカ英語では通常、単一の単位として扱われるため、has をとります。しかし、イギリス英語では、個々のメンバーを意識している場合は複数として扱われ、have が使われることもあります。The team has achieved its quarterly goal.（チームは四半期の目標を達成しました。）- アメリカ英語で正しい。The team have all gone home.（チームのメンバーは皆帰宅しました。）- イギリス英語で正しい。
has を使うのが最も安全です。has または have の使用Has と have は現在形専用です。過去の出来事や状態を表す場合は、すべての主語に対して過去形 had を使う必要があります。- 間違い:
*Last year, the company has a different CEO. - 正しい:
Last year, the company had a different CEO.（昨年、その会社は違うCEOでした。）
has と have がどのように使われているかを見ることで、それらが自然な会話にどれほど不可欠であるかがわかります。Morning all. Just a heads-up that the client has requested a few changes to the mockups. I've put the details in the project folder.Thanks, Alex. Do we have a new deadline for this?Not yet. For now, the original deadline still stands. Everyone on the design team has to prioritize this.client has requested（現在完了）、do we have（主要動詞の疑問文）、team has to（義務）という異なる用法が混在していることに注目してください。*hey, you free for coffee later?can't :( i have so much work. my boss has given me a huge project that has to be done by friday.ugh that sucks. well let me know if anything changes!have が所有 (I have so much work)、has given が現在完了、has to be done が義務を表すために使われています。*has completed、has begun、have encountered、have a meeting と、完了形や所有、経験を表すために has と have が使われています。特に、engineers は複数形なので have を使います。*he/she/it には必ず has を、それ以外は have を使うというルールは、最初は少し不自然に感じるかもしれません。しかし、これは英語の基本的なリズムの一部ですので、意識して練習することが大切です。特に、My sister has... や The company has... のように、代名詞以外の単数名詞が主語になる場合に has を使うことを忘れないようにしましょう。また、否定文や疑問文で do/does を使うルールも、日本語にはない概念なので、繰り返し練習が必要です。has と have の使い分けは、主に現在形における主語と動詞の一致に関わるものですが、他の文法項目との比較で理解を深めることができます。has と have は現在形でのみ使われます。過去の出来事については、主語に関わらずすべて had を使います。has | He has a car. |had | He had a car last year. |have | They have a meeting. |had | They had a meeting yesterday. |have vs. 補助動詞 havehas | doesn't have | Does ... have | He has a new project. |has | hasn't | Has ... | He has finished the report. |have | don't have | Do ... have | They have some ideas. |have | haven't | Have ... | They have started the work. |have vs. be の現在形be 動詞（am, is, are）も主語と一致しますが、have とは異なる意味や用法を持ちます。have の形 | be の形 | have の例文 | be の例文 |have | am | I have a question. | I am a student. |has | is | She has a problem. | He is busy. |have | are | They have a plan. | We are ready. |has と have のどちらを使いますか？has を使います。例えば、My friend has a great idea. です。もし友達が複数いるなら、三人称複数なので have を使います。My friends have a great idea.The team has... と The team have... は、どちらが正しいですか？team のような集合名詞は単数扱いなので has を使うのが一般的です (The team has achieved its goal.)。イギリス英語では、チームのメンバー一人ひとりを意識している場合、複数扱いとして have を使うこともあります (The team have gone home.)。B1レベルでは、混乱を避けるために、常に単数として has を使うことをお勧めします。has to と have to がありますが、使い分けは？have の主語と動詞の一致ルールと同じです。主語が三人称単数（he, she, it、またはそれに相当する単数名詞）の場合は has to を使い、それ以外の場合は have to を使います。例えば、He has to finish. (彼は終えなければならない) と We have to finish. (私たちは終えなければならない) のようになります。否定文や疑問文では、does he have to...? や do we have to...? のように do/does を使います。He's got a car. と He has a car. は同じ意味ですか？He's got は He has got の短縮形で、特にイギリス英語で所有を表す際によく使われます。アメリカ英語では He has a car. の方がより一般的ですが、He's got a car. も広く使われています。どちらも三人称単数なので、He に has が使われています。Present Tense Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject Pronoun | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does he have?
|
|
She
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's got a car.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's been busy.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been a long day.
|
|
Has not
|
Hasn't
|
He hasn't arrived.
|
|
Have not
|
Haven't
|
I haven't seen it.
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' indicates possession, relationships, or characteristics. In the present tense, it must change form to match the subject.
Possession
Owning or holding something physically or legally.
“He has a blue car.”
“She has the keys in her bag.”
Experience/Action
Engaging in an activity or experiencing a sensation.
“He has a headache today.”
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
Auxiliary Verb
Used as a helper verb to form the Present Perfect tense.
“He has finished his homework.”
“She has lived here for ten years.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | haveの形 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
I have a new game.
|
|
You (単数)
|
have
|
You have great taste.
|
|
He
|
has
|
He has a busy schedule.
|
|
She
|
has
|
She has many friends.
|
|
It
|
has
|
It has a strange noise.
|
|
We
|
have
|
We have a big project.
|
|
You (複数)
|
have
|
You have to finish this.
|
|
They
|
have
|
They have awesome ideas.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The applicant has a valid driver's license. (Transportation)
He has a car. (Transportation)
He's got a car. (Transportation)
He's got a whip. (Transportation)
「To Have」の家系図
単数の主語
- I have
- You have
- He/She/It has
複数の主語
- We have
- You have
- They have
Has vs. Have: かんたん早見表
Has か Have かを選ぶフローチャート
文章の主語はだれ？
主語は I, You, We, They のどれか？
主語は He, She, It または単数の名詞？
主語は複数の名詞（例: students, cars）？
いろんな場面で使える「To Have」
所有（持っている）
- • He has a car.
- • They have new shoes.
- • She has great style.
義務（〜しなきゃ）
- • I have to go.
- • He has to finish.
- • We have to study.
経験・体験
- • She has a good time.
- • They have an adventure.
- • You have my support.
完了形
- • It has been raining.
- • He has completed the task.
- • We have seen that movie.
レベル別の例文
He has a big house.
He has a big house.
She has a sister.
She has a sister.
I have two apples.
I have two apples.
It has a long tail.
It has a long tail.
Does he have a phone?
Does he have a phone?
She doesn't have any money.
She doesn't have any money.
We have a lot of work today.
We have a lot of work today.
He has a cold.
He has a cold.
He has already seen that movie.
He has already seen that movie.
The company has a new policy.
The company has a new policy.
She has to go to the doctor.
She has to go to the doctor.
Does it have to be this way?
Does it have to be this way?
He has his hair cut once a month.
He has his hair cut once a month.
She has been working here for years.
She has been working here for years.
The team has decided to postpone the game.
The team has decided to postpone the game.
He has a tendency to be late.
He has a tendency to be late.
It is vital that he have a fair trial.
It is vital that he have a fair trial.
Rarely has he encountered such kindness.
Rarely has he encountered such kindness.
She has but one choice left.
She has but one choice left.
He has yet to prove his worth.
He has yet to prove his worth.
Should he have any doubts, he should speak up.
Should he have any doubts, he should speak up.
He has it in him to succeed.
He has it in him to succeed.
The witness has it that the car was red.
The witness has it that the car was red.
He has no business being here.
He has no business being here.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'has' for age or descriptions that require 'is'.
Learners don't know if they are different.
Mixing up present and past possession.
よくある間違い
He have a car.
He has a car.
She haves a cat.
She has a cat.
It have a problem.
It has a problem.
My friend have a bike.
My friend has a bike.
Does he has a pen?
Does he have a pen?
He doesn't has time.
He doesn't have time.
He don't have a car.
He doesn't have a car.
The team have won.
The team has won.
Everyone have a book.
Everyone has a book.
He has 20 years old.
He is 20 years old.
It is important that he has the money.
It is important that he have the money.
文型パターン
He has a ___.
Does she have ___?
He has been ___ing.
It has been ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
She has extensive experience in marketing.
He has your keys, don't worry.
My son has a high fever.
This influencer has millions of followers.
Does this dish have peanuts?
Does the hotel have a gym?
It に置き換えてみて！
The dog has a bone.
He's の正体に注意
ペットの描写で練習
My cat has soft fur.
字幕をチェックしよう
Netflix has many great shows.
Smart Tips
Check if you used 'Does'. If yes, change 'has' to 'have' immediately.
Look at the next word. If it's a noun, 's' means 'has'. If it's an adjective, 's' usually means 'is'.
Treat it like a single 'It' and use 'has'.
Always use 'has'. These words are 'singular pronouns' in English.
発音
The 'Z' sound
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a /z/, not an /s/.
Reduction
In fast speech, 'has' often reduces to just a /z/ sound attached to the subject.
Emphasis on possession
He HAS a car! (Rising on HAS)
Correcting someone who thinks he doesn't have one.
暗記しよう
記憶術
He, She, It — the 'S' must fit! (Has ends in S).
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant letter 'S' shaped like a snake wrapping around the words He, She, and It. The snake refuses to touch I, You, We, or They.
Rhyme
I have, you have, we have too. But for He, She, It, 'has' will do!
Story
A king (He), a queen (She), and a robot (It) live in a castle. They are very picky and only want things that end in 'S'. They only eat 'has', never 'have'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Find 3 things that belong to someone else and say them out loud: 'He has a...', 'She has a...'. Then turn them into questions: 'Does he have a...?'
文化メモ
In the UK, 'have got' is much more common than 'have' for possession in casual speech. 'He's got a new flat' instead of 'He has a new flat'.
Americans use 'have' more frequently in formal and neutral contexts. Collective nouns like 'The government' are almost always singular ('The government has...').
In AAVE, 'have' is often used for all persons, or the verb is omitted entirely for certain states. This is a systematic dialectal feature, not a 'mistake' within that dialect.
From Old English 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
会話のきっかけ
What does your best friend have in their bag right now?
Tell me about a celebrity. What kind of cars does he have?
Think of a successful person. What qualities has he or she shown to get there?
If your boss has a problem with your work, how does he usually handle it?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesMy brother ___ a very fast car.
Find and fix the mistake:
Does she has the meeting notes?
The company ___ decided to hire more staff.
He has a sister.
We use 'has' with the pronoun 'They'.
A: Does he have the keys? B: No, he ___.
Select all that apply.
1. I, 2. He, 3. Does she
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe dog ___ a fluffy tail.
We ___ a team meeting every Monday morning.
My phone battery have only 10% left.
The students has to finish their essays by Friday.
正しい文章を選んでね：
正しい文章を選んでね：
「彼女はとても可愛い犬を飼っています」を英語にしてね。
「私たちはもう行かなければなりません」を英語にしてね。
単語を並べ替えて文章を作ってね：
単語を並べ替えて文章を作ってね：
主語と正しい形を組み合わせてね：
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よくある質問 (8)
Because 'to have' is an irregular verb. In Old English, it shortened from 'haves' to 'has' to make it easier to say.
Yes, but only in two cases: 1) In questions/negatives like `Does he have?` and 2) In the formal subjunctive mood like `I suggest he have a look`.
Always use `has`. Even though 'everyone' feels like many people, grammatically it is a singular word.
They mean the same thing. `He's got` is more informal and very common in British English.
No. You should say `He has been`. 'Been' is the past participle used with 'has'.
In British English, collective nouns can be treated as plural because they represent a group of individuals. In American English, they are usually singular.
Just remember: 'Does' is the boss. When the boss is there, the main verb doesn't have to do any work (it stays in its simple 'have' form).
In standard English, no. It should be `He doesn't have`. However, you will hear 'He don't' in many songs and some dialects.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
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Mastered
In Other Languages
tiene
Spanish uses 'tiene' for age, while English uses 'is'.
a
French uses 'a' for hunger/thirst, English uses 'is' (He is hungry).
hat
German word order in questions is different (Hat er...?).
arimasu / imasu
Japanese distinguishes between living and non-living things for 'have'.
indahu (عنده)
There is no actual 'verb' for have in the present tense in Arabic.
yǒu (有)
Chinese speakers must remember to add the 's' sound in English.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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【英文法】have と has の使い分けをマスターしよう！
Hapa 英会話
have / has / had の違いと使い分けを徹底解説！
AK-English
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