Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for he, she, and it in affirmative sentences; use 'have' for everyone else and in all questions/negatives.
- Use 'has' for third-person singular (He has a dog).
- Use 'have' for I, You, We, They (They have a dog).
- Use 'have' after 'does' or 'doesn't' (Does he have a dog?).
Overview
have와 has를 구분하는 것은 단순한 기초 단계를 넘어, 문장의 정확성과 자연스러움을 결정짓는 핵심적인 이정표입니다. 이 두 단어는 모두 '가지다'라는 의미를 지닌 동사 to have의 현재형이지만, 그 사용법은 영어 문법의 가장 중요한 원칙 중 하나인 주어와 동사의 일치(Subject-Verb Agreement)에 의해 엄격하게 통제됩니다.to have는 불규칙 동사로서, 3인칭 단수 주어를 만날 때 has라는 독특한 형태로 변신합니다.to have는 단순히 소유(She has a car)를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 현재완료 시제(He has finished)를 만들거나 의무(I have to go)를 표현하는 등 영어 문장 곳곳에서 핵심적인 역할을 수행하기 때문입니다. He have a question과 같은 사소한 실수는 의사소통에는 큰 지장이 없을지 몰라도, 말하는 이의 영어를 부자연스럽게 만드는 결정적인 요인이 됩니다.-s나 -es를 붙입니다 (예: walk -> walks). 하지만 have는 불규칙적으로 변하여 haves가 아닌 has가 됩니다. 이는 고대 영어에서부터 내려온 흔적으로, 현대 영어에서도 여전히 강력하게 유지되고 있는 규칙입니다.I)와 너(You)를 제외한 세상의 모든 '하나'를 의미합니다.- 대명사:
he,she,it - 고유 명사:
Minjun,Seoul,Samsung - 일반 명사(단수):
my boss,the cafe,a delivery app
has를 사용하고, 그 외의 모든 경우(나, 너, 우리, 그들, 복수 명사)에는 have를 사용합니다. 한국어에서는 «팀장님이 서류를 가지고 계세요»라고 높임말을 쓰지만, 영어에서는 높임말 대신 주어의 수에 맞춘 has를 선택하는 것이 문법적 예의라고 생각하면 쉽습니다.has와 have를 올바르게 사용하기 위해서는 긍정문, 부정문, 그리고 의문문에서의 패턴을 정확히 익혀야 합니다. 특히 have가 일반 동사(소유 등)로 쓰일 때와 조동사(현재완료)로 쓰일 때의 구조 차이를 이해하는 것이 핵심입니다.I | have | I have a laptop. |You | have | You have a great idea. |He, She, It | has | She has a meeting now. |We | have | We have a lunch reservation. |They | have | They have the same opinion. |have를 부정할 때는 한국어의 '~가 없다'에 해당하며, 이때는 반드시 do나 does라는 도우미 동사(조동사)가 필요합니다. 조동사가 이미 3인칭 단수의 특징(does)을 가져갔기 때문에, 본동사인 have는 원래의 모양으로 돌아옵니다.- I / You / We / They: 주어 +
do not (don't)+have We don't have any salt.(우리는 소금이 없어요.)- He / She / It: 주어 +
does not (doesn't)+have(has가 아님에 주의!) He doesn't have a KakaoTalk account.(그는 카카오톡 계정이 없어요.)
do나 does를 문장 맨 앞에 세워 질문을 만듭니다.Do+ I / you / we / they +have...?Do you have a membership card?(멤버십 카드 있으세요?)Does+ he / she / it +have...?Does the cafe have Wi-Fi?(그 카페 와이파이 있나요?)
have/has + 과거분사(P.P.) 형태로 쓰일 때는 의미가 '가지다'가 아니라 과거의 일이 현재까지 영향을 미침을 나타냅니다. 이때도 주어 일치 규칙은 동일하게 적용됩니다.I have visited Jeju Island twice.(나는 제주도에 두 번 가봤어.)The delivery has arrived.(배달이 도착했어. -delivery는it이므로has사용)
has와 have는 영어 대화에서 정말 다양한 상황에 등장합니다. 한국어의 한 단어로 설명하기 힘든 여러 용법을 상황별로 살펴보겠습니다.My brother has a part-time job at a PC bang.(내 남동생은 PC방에서 아르바이트를 해.)This smartphone has a really good camera.(이 스마트폰은 카메라가 정말 좋아.)I have two sisters.(나는 여동생이 두 명 있어.)
She has lived in Seoul for five years.(그녀는 서울에서 5년째 살고 있어.)We have already ordered the food.(우리 이미 음식 주문했어.)
have to / has to)must보다 훨씬 더 일상적으로 쓰입니다.A university student has to study hard for exams.(대학생은 시험 공부를 열심히 해야 해.)You have to wear a mask inside the hospital.(병원 안에서는 마스크를 써야 합니다.)
have를 사용합니다. 이때 have 자체에는 큰 의미가 없고 뒤에 오는 명사가 핵심 의미를 전달합니다.- 식사:
have breakfast/lunch/dinner(He has lunch at the company cafeteria.) - 휴식/시간:
have a break,have a good time(Have a great weekend!) - 대화:
have a chat,have a meeting(The manager has a meeting with the client.)
have를 쓰는 '일반화의 오류'have 하나로 모든 문장을 해결하려는 경향이 있습니다.- 잘못된 예:
*My friend have a new car. - 바른 예:
My friend has a new car. - 이유:
My friend는 3인칭 단수(he또는she)입니다. 따라서 반드시has를 써야 합니다.
has를 중복 사용하는 오류does를 쓰고도 동사를 다시 has로 쓰는 경우입니다.- 잘못된 예:
*Does she has a boyfriend?/*He doesn't has time. - 바른 예:
Does she have a boyfriend?/He doesn't have time. - 이유: 영어에서
do/does/did와 같은 조동사 뒤에는 항상 동사 원형(have)이 와야 합니다. 3인칭 단수 표시는does가 이미 가져갔기 때문입니다.
have로 표현하려는 오류Time has라고 하거나, 존재 유무를 나타내는 There is/are와 혼동하는 경우입니다.- 잘못된 예:
*In the classroom has many students. - 바른 예:
There are many students in the classroom.또는The classroom has many students. - 이유:
have/has는 주어가 무언가를 '소유'하거나 주어의 '특징'일 때 사용합니다. 단순히 어디에 무엇이 존재한다는 사실을 말할 때는There is/are구문이 더 자연스럽습니다.
has와 have를 더 정확하게 사용하기 위해, 혼동하기 쉬운 다른 문법 요소들과 비교해 보겠습니다.Has vs. Is (축약형 's 구분하기)'s는 has일 수도 있고 is일 수도 있습니다. 문맥을 통해 파악해야 합니다.He's... | He is | 뒤에 형용사, 명사, -ing가 올 때 | He's a doctor. (그는 의사다) |He's... | He has | 뒤에 과거분사(P.P.)나 got이 올 때 | He's finished it. (그는 그걸 끝냈다) |Have vs. Had (현재 vs. 과거)has와 have는 현재 시제에서만 구분합니다. 과거에 가졌던 것이나 과거의 일은 주어에 상관없이 무조건 had를 씁니다.- 현재:
She has a dog now.(그녀는 지금 강아지가 있다.) - 과거:
She had a dog last year.(그녀는 작년에 강아지가 있었다.)
team, family, company 같은 단어들은 여러 명으로 구성되어 있지만, 하나의 단위로 취급할 때는 has를 씁니다.My family has a special tradition.(우리 가족은 특별한 전통이 있어.)- 미국 영어에서는 대부분 단수 취급하여
has를 쓰지만, 영국 영어에서는 구성원 개개인을 강조할 때have를 쓰기도 합니다. 중급 단계에서는has로 통일해서 쓰는 것이 가장 안전합니다.
I have a car와 I have got a car는 뭐가 다른가요?have got은 영국 영어에서 매우 흔하게 쓰이며, 미국 영어에서도 일상적인 구어체로 자주 사용됩니다. 다만, 부정문이나 의문문을 만들 때 형태가 달라집니다. (I haven't got a car vs I don't have a car). 중급 학습자라면 일단 표준적인 have/has에 익숙해지는 것을 추천합니다.Everyone이나 Someone 뒤에는 have인가요, has인가요?Everyone, Someone, No one 등 -one이나 -body로 끝나는 부정 대명사는 한국어로는 '모든 사람'이라 복수처럼 느껴지지만, 문법적으로는 항상 3인칭 단수 취급합니다. 따라서 Everyone has a dream.처럼 has를 써야 합니다.Do you have...?와 Have you...? 중 어느 것이 맞나요?Do you have...?가 압도적으로 많이 쓰입니다. Have you...?는 주로 현재완료 시제(Have you seen this movie?)에서 조동사로 쓰일 때 사용하는 구조입니다.it)로 취급합니다. 따라서 Samsung has a new product.처럼 has를 사용하는 것이 올바릅니다.Present Tense Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject Pronoun | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does he have?
|
|
She
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's got a car.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's been busy.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been a long day.
|
|
Has not
|
Hasn't
|
He hasn't arrived.
|
|
Have not
|
Haven't
|
I haven't seen it.
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' indicates possession, relationships, or characteristics. In the present tense, it must change form to match the subject.
Possession
Owning or holding something physically or legally.
“He has a blue car.”
“She has the keys in her bag.”
Experience/Action
Engaging in an activity or experiencing a sensation.
“He has a headache today.”
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
Auxiliary Verb
Used as a helper verb to form the Present Perfect tense.
“He has finished his homework.”
“She has lived here for ten years.”
Reference Table
| 주어 (Subject) | 'To have'의 형태 | 예시 문장 |
|---|---|---|
|
I (나)
|
have
|
I have a new game.
|
|
You (너 - 단수)
|
have
|
You have great taste.
|
|
He (그)
|
has
|
He has a busy schedule.
|
|
She (그녀)
|
has
|
She has many friends.
|
|
It (그것)
|
has
|
It has a strange noise.
|
|
We (우리)
|
have
|
We have a big project.
|
|
You (너희들 - 복수)
|
have
|
You have to finish this.
|
|
They (그들)
|
have
|
They have awesome ideas.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The applicant has a valid driver's license. (Transportation)
He has a car. (Transportation)
He's got a car. (Transportation)
He's got a whip. (Transportation)
'To Have' 동사 가족 계보
단수 주어
- I have
- You have
- He/She/It has
복수 주어
- We have
- You have
- They have
Has vs Have: 한눈에 보는 요약 노트
'Has'와 'Have' 선택 가이드
문장의 주어가 누구인가요?
주어가 'I', 'You', 'We', 'They' 중 하나인가요?
주어가 'He', 'She', 'It' 또는 단수 명사인가요?
주어가 복수 명사(예: 'the students')인가요?
상황별 'To Have' 활용법
소유
- • He has a car.
- • They have new shoes.
- • She has great style.
의무
- • I have to go.
- • He has to finish.
- • We have to study.
경험
- • She has a good time.
- • They have an adventure.
- • You have my support.
완료 시제
- • It has been raining.
- • He has completed the task.
- • We have seen that movie.
수준별 예문
He has a big house.
He has a big house.
She has a sister.
She has a sister.
I have two apples.
I have two apples.
It has a long tail.
It has a long tail.
Does he have a phone?
Does he have a phone?
She doesn't have any money.
She doesn't have any money.
We have a lot of work today.
We have a lot of work today.
He has a cold.
He has a cold.
He has already seen that movie.
He has already seen that movie.
The company has a new policy.
The company has a new policy.
She has to go to the doctor.
She has to go to the doctor.
Does it have to be this way?
Does it have to be this way?
He has his hair cut once a month.
He has his hair cut once a month.
She has been working here for years.
She has been working here for years.
The team has decided to postpone the game.
The team has decided to postpone the game.
He has a tendency to be late.
He has a tendency to be late.
It is vital that he have a fair trial.
It is vital that he have a fair trial.
Rarely has he encountered such kindness.
Rarely has he encountered such kindness.
She has but one choice left.
She has but one choice left.
He has yet to prove his worth.
He has yet to prove his worth.
Should he have any doubts, he should speak up.
Should he have any doubts, he should speak up.
He has it in him to succeed.
He has it in him to succeed.
The witness has it that the car was red.
The witness has it that the car was red.
He has no business being here.
He has no business being here.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'has' for age or descriptions that require 'is'.
Learners don't know if they are different.
Mixing up present and past possession.
자주 하는 실수
He have a car.
He has a car.
She haves a cat.
She has a cat.
It have a problem.
It has a problem.
My friend have a bike.
My friend has a bike.
Does he has a pen?
Does he have a pen?
He doesn't has time.
He doesn't have time.
He don't have a car.
He doesn't have a car.
The team have won.
The team has won.
Everyone have a book.
Everyone has a book.
He has 20 years old.
He is 20 years old.
It is important that he has the money.
It is important that he have the money.
문장 패턴
He has a ___.
Does she have ___?
He has been ___ing.
It has been ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
She has extensive experience in marketing.
He has your keys, don't worry.
My son has a high fever.
This influencer has millions of followers.
Does this dish have peanuts?
Does the hotel have a gym?
'It'으로 바꿔 생각하기
has를 쓰세요! The dog has a bone.
'He's'의 두 얼굴
He's는 He is일 수도, He has일 수도 있어요. 뒤에 오는 말을 잘 봐야 해요! "He's finished his lunch."반려동물로 연습하기
has를 써서 묘사해 보세요. 규칙이 금방 몸에 익을 거예요! My cat has soft fur.
넷플릭스 자막 활용법
has와 have를 어떻게 쓰는지 귀 기울여 보세요. 훨씬 생생하게 들릴 거예요! He has no idea.
Smart Tips
Check if you used 'Does'. If yes, change 'has' to 'have' immediately.
Look at the next word. If it's a noun, 's' means 'has'. If it's an adjective, 's' usually means 'is'.
Treat it like a single 'It' and use 'has'.
Always use 'has'. These words are 'singular pronouns' in English.
발음
The 'Z' sound
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a /z/, not an /s/.
Reduction
In fast speech, 'has' often reduces to just a /z/ sound attached to the subject.
Emphasis on possession
He HAS a car! (Rising on HAS)
Correcting someone who thinks he doesn't have one.
암기하기
기억법
He, She, It — the 'S' must fit! (Has ends in S).
시각적 연상
Imagine a giant letter 'S' shaped like a snake wrapping around the words He, She, and It. The snake refuses to touch I, You, We, or They.
Rhyme
I have, you have, we have too. But for He, She, It, 'has' will do!
Story
A king (He), a queen (She), and a robot (It) live in a castle. They are very picky and only want things that end in 'S'. They only eat 'has', never 'have'.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room. Find 3 things that belong to someone else and say them out loud: 'He has a...', 'She has a...'. Then turn them into questions: 'Does he have a...?'
문화 노트
In the UK, 'have got' is much more common than 'have' for possession in casual speech. 'He's got a new flat' instead of 'He has a new flat'.
Americans use 'have' more frequently in formal and neutral contexts. Collective nouns like 'The government' are almost always singular ('The government has...').
In AAVE, 'have' is often used for all persons, or the verb is omitted entirely for certain states. This is a systematic dialectal feature, not a 'mistake' within that dialect.
From Old English 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
대화 시작하기
What does your best friend have in their bag right now?
Tell me about a celebrity. What kind of cars does he have?
Think of a successful person. What qualities has he or she shown to get there?
If your boss has a problem with your work, how does he usually handle it?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
My friend ___ a new job offer.
She have to work late tonight.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él tiene una idea brillante.'
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesMy brother ___ a very fast car.
Find and fix the mistake:
Does she has the meeting notes?
The company ___ decided to hire more staff.
He has a sister.
We use 'has' with the pronoun 'They'.
A: Does he have the keys? B: No, he ___.
Select all that apply.
1. I, 2. He, 3. Does she
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe dog ___ a fluffy tail.
We ___ a team meeting every Monday morning.
My phone battery have only 10% left.
The students has to finish their essays by Friday.
어느 문장이 올바른가요?
어느 문장이 올바른가요?
Translate into English: '그녀는 매우 귀여운 강아지를 가지고 있어요.'
Translate into English: '우리는 지금 떠나야 해요.'
단어들을 순서대로 배열해 보세요.
단어들을 순서대로 배열해 보세요.
주어와 알맞은 동사 형태를 연결하세요.
주어와 알맞은 동사 형태를 연결하세요.
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Because 'to have' is an irregular verb. In Old English, it shortened from 'haves' to 'has' to make it easier to say.
Yes, but only in two cases: 1) In questions/negatives like `Does he have?` and 2) In the formal subjunctive mood like `I suggest he have a look`.
Always use `has`. Even though 'everyone' feels like many people, grammatically it is a singular word.
They mean the same thing. `He's got` is more informal and very common in British English.
No. You should say `He has been`. 'Been' is the past participle used with 'has'.
In British English, collective nouns can be treated as plural because they represent a group of individuals. In American English, they are usually singular.
Just remember: 'Does' is the boss. When the boss is there, the main verb doesn't have to do any work (it stays in its simple 'have' form).
In standard English, no. It should be `He doesn't have`. However, you will hear 'He don't' in many songs and some dialects.
Scaffolded Practice
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In Other Languages
tiene
Spanish uses 'tiene' for age, while English uses 'is'.
a
French uses 'a' for hunger/thirst, English uses 'is' (He is hungry).
hat
German word order in questions is different (Hat er...?).
arimasu / imasu
Japanese distinguishes between living and non-living things for 'have'.
indahu (عنده)
There is no actual 'verb' for have in the present tense in Arabic.
yǒu (有)
Chinese speakers must remember to add the 's' sound in English.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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