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A1 adjective #1,500 よく出る 13分で読める

müde

上位1,500

練習する例文メモとヒント müde 30秒で

解説 müde in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'müde' is introduced as a basic adjective to describe a physical state. Learners are taught to use it primarily with the verb 'sein' (to be) to express that they or someone else needs sleep. The focus is on simple, declarative sentences like 'Ich bin müde' (I am tired) or 'Bist du müde?' (Are you tired?). It is grouped with other basic adjectives describing feelings and states, such as 'hungrig' (hungry), 'durstig' (thirsty), and 'krank' (sick). At this stage, learners do not need to worry about complex declensions; they use 'müde' in its predicative form at the end of the sentence. The vocabulary is strictly tied to daily routines, going to bed, and waking up. Teachers emphasize the correct pronunciation of the 'ü' umlaut, ensuring learners do not confuse it with 'u'. The goal is basic communication of a fundamental human need, allowing a beginner to excuse themselves to go to sleep or explain why they lack energy. It is a highly functional word that provides immediate utility in everyday interactions, making it one of the first 100 words a German learner should master. The simplicity of its use at this level builds confidence in constructing basic German sentences.

Moving to the A2 level, the use of 'müde' expands to include reasons and consequences. Learners begin to construct more complex sentences using conjunctions like 'weil' (because) or 'deshalb' (therefore). For example, 'Ich bin müde, weil ich viel gearbeitet habe' (I am tired because I worked a lot). This requires an understanding of subordinate clause word order. Additionally, learners at A2 start using 'müde' as an attributive adjective before nouns, which introduces the challenge of adjective declension. They learn to say 'ein müdes Kind' (a tired child) or 'der müde Mann' (the tired man), applying the correct endings based on gender and case. The vocabulary surrounding 'müde' also grows, incorporating words like 'einschlafen' (to fall asleep), 'aufwachen' (to wake up), and 'das Bett' (the bed). Learners are expected to understand 'müde' in short reading texts, such as emails or simple stories, where characters express fatigue. The concept of 'müde werden' (getting tired) is also introduced, allowing learners to describe a changing state rather than just a static condition. This level bridges the gap between simple statements and descriptive narratives.

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At the B1 level, learners encounter 'müde' in more abstract and metaphorical contexts. It is no longer just about physical sleepiness. They learn the construction 'müde von + Dativ' to express being tired *of* something, such as 'Ich bin müde von der Arbeit' (I am tired from work) or 'Ich bin müde von den Diskussionen' (I am tired of the discussions). This marks a significant step towards expressing emotional and psychological states. Furthermore, B1 learners are introduced to common synonyms and related terms like 'erschöpft' (exhausted) and 'schläfrig' (sleepy), allowing them to nuance their language. They practice using 'müde' in various tenses, including the Präteritum (simple past) and Perfekt (present perfect), to narrate past events ('Gestern war ich sehr müde'). The word appears in more complex listening and reading comprehension exercises, such as news reports about stress or articles about health and sleep hygiene. Learners are expected to participate in discussions about work-life balance, where expressing fatigue is a key component. The focus shifts from merely stating a physical need to discussing the causes and implications of tiredness in modern life.

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In the B2 level, the mastery of 'müde' involves understanding its use in compound words and idiomatic expressions. Learners encounter terms like 'todmüde' (dead tired), 'hundemüde' (dog tired), and 'übermüdet' (overtired). They also learn words where 'müde' acts as a suffix to indicate a specific type of weariness, such as 'amtsmüde' (tired of holding office, often used in politics) or 'lebensmüde' (tired of life, suicidal, or recklessly dangerous). This demonstrates a deep understanding of German word formation. At this level, learners can articulate subtle differences between physical exhaustion ('körperlich müde') and mental fatigue ('geistig müde'). They use 'müde' effortlessly in complex sentence structures, including passive voice and subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) for hypothetical situations ('Wenn ich nicht so müde wäre, würde ich mitkommen' - If I weren't so tired, I would come along). The vocabulary is used in debates, presentations, and essays discussing societal issues like burnout, stress management, and the fast-paced nature of contemporary society. B2 learners possess the linguistic tools to express fatigue with the precision and variety of a native speaker.

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At the C1 advanced level, 'müde' is utilized with high stylistic competence. Learners understand its subtle connotations in literature, journalism, and academic texts. They can interpret phrases where 'müde' describes inanimate objects or abstract concepts, such as 'ein müdes Lächeln' (a tired/weak smile) or 'die Wirtschaft wirkt müde' (the economy seems sluggish). The focus is on register and tone; a C1 learner knows when to use 'erschöpft' in a formal report versus 'kaputt' in a casual conversation, while understanding that 'müde' serves as the neutral baseline. They engage with complex texts discussing the philosophy of rest, the psychology of burnout, or poetic descriptions of autumn as a 'tired' season. Grammatically, there are no struggles with declensions or sentence structure; the use of 'müde' is automatic and flawless. Learners can also play with the language, creating their own compound adjectives if necessary, and fully comprehend the irony or understatement when a native speaker uses 'ein bisschen müde' to mean utterly exhausted. The word is fully integrated into a sophisticated, nuanced vocabulary.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's use of 'müde' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. They possess an intuitive grasp of its historical, cultural, and literary resonance. They can effortlessly navigate highly idiomatic and archaic uses, such as the accusative construction 'eine Sache müde sein' (to be tired of a thing) found in classical literature. A C2 speaker understands the cultural weight of 'Müdigkeitsgesellschaft' (the burnout society), a philosophical concept coined by Byung-Chul Han, and can debate its implications using 'müde' and its derivatives as central thematic anchors. They recognize regional variations in expressing tiredness and can adapt their own speech accordingly. The word 'müde' is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool used to analyze and articulate complex human conditions, societal trends, and artistic expressions. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, the learner commands the entire spectrum of 'müde', from a child's sleepy murmur to a philosopher's critique of modern exhaustion, deploying it with absolute precision, elegance, and cultural awareness.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

müde 30秒で

Means 'tired' or 'sleepy'.
Used with 'sein' (to be).
Can mean 'tired of' something.
Opposite of 'wach' (awake).

The German adjective 'müde' is a fundamental vocabulary word that every learner encounters early on, primarily translating to 'tired', 'sleepy', or 'fatigued' in English. At its core, it describes the physical or mental state of needing rest or sleep, usually after a period of exertion, a long day, or simply due to the natural circadian rhythm. Understanding 'müde' goes beyond just knowing its translation; it involves grasping how Germans express exhaustion in various contexts, ranging from a slight drowsiness to complete physical depletion.

Physical Tiredness: This is the most common use, referring to the bodily need for sleep after physical activity or being awake for a long time.

Nach dem langen Spaziergang bin ich sehr müde.

When you say 'Ich bin müde', you are expressing a direct, personal state of being. It is important to note that unlike some Romance languages where you might 'have' tiredness, in German, you 'are' tired, using the verb 'sein' (to be). This aligns with English but is a crucial point for speakers of languages like French or Spanish. Beyond physical exhaustion, 'müde' also encompasses mental fatigue. After hours of studying German grammar, solving complex math problems, or sitting in endless meetings, your brain feels drained. This cognitive depletion is perfectly captured by 'müde'.

Mental Fatigue: Describes the state of cognitive exhaustion, often resulting from intense concentration, stress, or prolonged intellectual effort.

Das viele Lesen macht mich unglaublich müde.

Furthermore, 'müde' can be used metaphorically to express being tired *of* something, indicating boredom, annoyance, or a lack of patience with a recurring situation. This requires the preposition 'von' (from/of) plus the dative case, or sometimes just an accusative object in older or more literary German (e.g., 'Ich bin das Warten müde').

Ich bin müde von den ständigen Diskussionen.

The versatility of this word makes it indispensable. It is an adjective that can be used predicatively (as seen in the examples above) or attributively, placed directly before a noun.

Attributive Use: When placed before a noun, 'müde' must take the appropriate adjective endings based on gender, number, and case.

Das müde Kind schläft endlich ein.

In German culture, where productivity and punctuality are highly valued, expressing that one is 'müde' is a universally accepted reason for needing a break, going home early from a gathering, or retreating to rest. It is a completely neutral word, carrying no inherent negative judgment about a person's character or work ethic, unlike some terms that might imply laziness. It simply states a biological or psychological fact.

Wir sind alle müde und wollen ins Bett.

To truly master 'müde', one must practice its pronunciation, noting the umlaut 'ü', which requires rounding the lips as if to say 'o' but pronouncing 'ee', and the soft 'd' sound. The final 'e' is a schwa sound, common in German word endings. By integrating 'müde' into your daily vocabulary, you take a significant step towards natural, fluent German communication, allowing you to express your basic human needs effectively.

Using the adjective 'müde' correctly in German involves understanding its grammatical behavior, specifically its use as a predicative adjective, an attributive adjective, and its role in various idiomatic constructions. As a predicative adjective, 'müde' follows a linking verb, most commonly 'sein' (to be), 'werden' (to become/get), or 'wirken' (to appear/seem). In this position, the adjective does not change its ending; it remains in its base form regardless of the subject's gender or number.

Predicative Adjective: Used after a linking verb to describe the subject. The adjective form remains uninflected (unchanged).

Der Hund ist heute sehr müde.

When you want to express the process of *getting* tired, you use the verb 'werden'. This is extremely common in everyday conversation, especially in the evening or after a long task.

Ich merke, dass ich langsam müde werde.

Conversely, when 'müde' is used attributively—meaning it is placed directly in front of a noun to modify it—it must take an adjective ending. This ending depends on the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) of the noun it modifies, as well as the preceding article (definite, indefinite, or no article).

Adjective Declension: The system of adding suffixes to attributive adjectives to match the grammatical features of the noun.

Der müde Mann trinkt einen Kaffee.

In the example above, 'müde' takes the '-e' ending because it follows the definite article 'der' in the nominative masculine singular. If it were an indefinite article, it would be 'Ein müder Mann'. Mastering these endings is crucial for speaking and writing correct German. Furthermore, 'müde' can be intensified using adverbs like 'sehr' (very), 'total' (totally), 'völlig' (completely), or 'hundemüde' (dog-tired, a common compound word).

Nach dem Marathon war sie völlig müde.

Another advanced usage involves the genitive case or the preposition 'von' to express being tired of a situation. While 'Ich bin das Warten müde' (I am tired of waiting - using accusative) is highly elegant and slightly formal, 'Ich bin müde von der Arbeit' (I am tired from work) is standard everyday German.

Figurative Exhaustion: Using 'müde' to describe emotional or psychological weariness regarding a specific recurring event or state.

Er ist die ewigen Streitereien müde.

Understanding these different syntactic structures allows learners to use 'müde' flexibly, moving from simple statements of physical need to complex expressions of emotional state and descriptive storytelling.

The word 'müde' is ubiquitous in the German language, echoing through homes, workplaces, schools, and public transport on a daily basis. Because it describes a universal human condition, you will encounter it in almost every conceivable social setting. In the domestic sphere, it is often one of the first words spoken in the morning or the last at night. Parents use it to gauge their children's readiness for bed, and partners use it to communicate their energy levels after a long day.

Domestic Context: Everyday conversations at home regarding sleep schedules, rest, and daily fatigue.

Bist du schon müde, mein Schatz?

In the workplace, 'müde' is frequently heard around the coffee machine or during the infamous 'Mittagstief' (afternoon slump) that hits after lunch. Colleagues might complain about being tired due to a looming deadline, a difficult project, or simply a bad night's sleep. It serves as a bonding mechanism, a shared experience of professional exhaustion.

Dieses Meeting macht mich wirklich müde.

Medical contexts also heavily feature the word 'müde'. When visiting an Arzt (doctor), chronic tiredness ('chronische Müdigkeit') is a common symptom reported by patients. A doctor might ask if you feel unusually tired to diagnose underlying conditions like iron deficiency, thyroid issues, or depression.

Medical Context: Used as a symptom descriptor during medical consultations to indicate lethargy or lack of energy.

Der Patient klagt darüber, ständig müde zu sein.

You will also hear 'müde' in educational settings. Teachers might notice that their students are tired and adjust the lesson plan accordingly, perhaps introducing a more interactive activity to wake them up. Students themselves frequently use the word to express their feelings about early morning classes or extensive homework assignments.

Die Schüler sehen heute alle sehr müde aus.

Furthermore, in literature, poetry, and music, 'müde' takes on a more profound, often melancholic tone. It can describe a weariness of life ('lebensmüde'), a tiredness of the soul, or the gentle fading of nature in autumn.

Literary Context: Used metaphorically to express deep existential exhaustion, sorrow, or the end of a cycle.

Seine Augen waren alt und müde vom Leben.

Whether you are watching a German television show, reading a novel, or simply eavesdropping on a conversation in a Berlin café, 'müde' is a word that will constantly surface, reflecting the rhythm of human energy and rest.

While 'müde' is a basic vocabulary word, learners frequently stumble over its usage due to direct translations from their native languages or misunderstandings of German grammar rules. The most prevalent and glaring mistake made by beginners, particularly those whose native language is French (j'ai faim/soif/sommeil) or Spanish (tengo hambre/sed/sueño), is using the verb 'haben' (to have) instead of 'sein' (to be).

The 'Haben' Error: Incorrectly using the verb 'to have' with adjectives of physical state, a common interference from Romance languages.

FALSCH: Ich habe müde. RICHTIG: Ich bin müde.

Saying 'Ich habe müde' sounds completely unnatural to a German speaker and immediately marks the speaker as a beginner. It is crucial to internalize that in German, you *are* tired, you *are* cold (mir ist kalt - slightly different structure but uses sein/werden logic in dative), and you *are* hungry (ich bin hungrig / ich habe Hunger - here you can use a noun). With 'müde', it is strictly an adjective used with 'sein'. Another frequent error involves adjective declension when 'müde' is used before a noun. Learners often forget to add the ending or add the wrong one.

Declension Mistakes: Failing to inflect the adjective correctly based on gender, case, and number when used attributively.

FALSCH: Der müde Hund schläft. (Wait, this is correct!). FALSCH: Ein müde Hund schläft. RICHTIG: Ein müder Hund schläft.

A third area of confusion arises when learners try to express that something *makes* them tired. Direct translation from English ('It makes me tired') can lead to awkward phrasing. While 'Es macht mich müde' is perfectly correct and commonly used, learners sometimes try to use 'tun' (to do) or other incorrect verbs.

Die lange Reise macht mich sehr müde.

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'müde' with 'langweilig' (boring). If a movie is slow and uninteresting, an English speaker might say 'I'm tired of this movie', meaning they are bored. A German learner might incorrectly translate this as 'Ich bin müde von diesem Film'. While understandable, a German would more naturally say 'Der Film ist mir zu langweilig' or 'Ich habe keine Lust mehr auf den Film'. 'Müde' in this context implies actual sleepiness rather than just boredom, unless used in specific idiomatic structures.

Semantic Confusion: Using 'müde' to mean 'bored' instead of physically or mentally fatigued.

Mir ist langweilig (bored), nicht müde (tired).

Finally, pronunciation mistakes are common. The 'ü' sound does not exist in English, and learners often substitute it with a simple 'u' (making it sound like 'mude') or an 'ee' sound. Practicing the rounded lip 'ü' is essential for clear communication and avoiding sounding like you are saying a completely different, non-existent word.

Achte auf die Aussprache von müde.

By being aware of these common pitfalls—using the correct auxiliary verb, applying adjective endings, understanding the semantic boundaries, and mastering the pronunciation—learners can confidently and accurately express their tiredness in German.

The German language is rich in vocabulary to describe various shades of exhaustion, fatigue, and sleepiness. While 'müde' is the most general and widely used term, knowing its synonyms and related words allows for much more precise and expressive communication. One of the most common synonyms is 'erschöpft', which translates to 'exhausted' or 'worn out'.

Erschöpft: Implies a deeper level of physical or mental depletion than 'müde', often after intense effort or illness.

Nach dem harten Training war er völlig erschöpft.

If 'müde' means you need to sleep, 'erschöpft' means your batteries are completely empty. Another highly useful, slightly colloquial term is 'kaputt'. Literally meaning 'broken', when applied to a person, it means they are completely wiped out or dead tired.

Ich habe zehn Stunden gearbeitet, ich bin total kaputt.

For the specific feeling of drowsiness, especially right before falling asleep or just after waking up, the word 'schläfrig' is perfect. It directly translates to 'sleepy'.

Schläfrig: Specifically relates to the heavy-eyed feeling of needing sleep, rather than physical muscle fatigue.

Das warme Zimmer macht mich ganz schläfrig.

In more formal or medical contexts, you might encounter 'übermüdet', which means overtired or fatigued from a chronic lack of sleep. This is a serious state, often associated with driving risks or burnout.

Fahren Sie nicht, wenn Sie übermüdet sind.

Then there are colloquial and regional expressions. 'Fertig' (literally 'finished') is often used similarly to 'kaputt' to mean exhausted ('Ich bin völlig fertig'). 'Platt' (flat) is another great colloquialism, painting a picture of someone who has been flattened by exhaustion.

Colloquial Expressions: Words like 'kaputt', 'fertig', and 'platt' are essential for understanding casual, everyday spoken German.

Nach der Prüfung war ich einfach nur platt.

By learning this spectrum of words—from the gentle 'schläfrig' to the absolute 'erschöpft' and the casual 'kaputt'—you can articulate exactly how tired you are, adding nuance and authenticity to your German expression. While 'müde' is your reliable foundation, these synonyms are the colors you use to paint a more detailed picture of your state of being.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Adjective declension after definite articles

Adjective declension after indefinite articles

Predicative adjectives with 'sein'

Subordinate clauses with 'weil' (giving reasons for being tired)

Prepositions with Dative (müde von + Dativ)

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レベル別の例文

Ich bin sehr müde.

I am very tired.

Used with the verb 'sein' (to be).

Bist du müde?

Are you tired?

Question formation by inverting subject and verb.

Das Baby ist müde.

The baby is tired.

Third person singular with 'sein'.

Wir sind müde und gehen ins Bett.

We are tired and are going to bed.

Connecting two simple clauses with 'und'.

Er ist nicht müde.

He is not tired.

Negation using 'nicht'.

Warum bist du so müde?

Why are you so tired?

Using a W-question word (Warum).

Ich bin ein bisschen müde.

I am a little tired.

Using 'ein bisschen' to modify the adjective.

Gute Nacht, ich bin müde.

Good night, I am tired.

Common conversational phrase.

Ich bin müde, weil ich spät ins Bett gegangen bin.

I am tired because I went to bed late.

Subordinate clause with 'weil' pushing the verb to the end.

Der müde Hund schläft auf dem Sofa.

The tired dog is sleeping on the sofa.

Attributive adjective declension (nominative masculine).

Gestern war ich nach der Arbeit sehr müde.

Yesterday I was very tired after work.

Using 'müde' in the simple past (Präteritum) with 'war'.

Ich werde langsam müde.

I am slowly getting tired.

Using 'werden' to express a change of state.

Sie sieht heute sehr müde aus.

She looks very tired today.

Used with the separable verb 'aussehen'.

Ein müdes Kind weint oft.

A tired child often cries.

Attributive adjective declension with indefinite article (neuter).

Trotz des Kaffees bin ich immer noch müde.

Despite the coffee, I am still tired.

Using 'trotz' (despite) with genitive.

Mach das Licht aus, meine Augen sind müde.

Turn off the light, my eyes are tired.

Describing a specific body part being tired.

Ich bin müde von den ständigen Diskussionen.

I am tired of the constant discussions.

Metaphorical use: 'müde von + Dativ'.

Wenn ich weniger schlafe, bin ich am nächsten Tag extrem müde.

If I sleep less, I am extremely tired the next day.

Conditional clause with 'wenn'.

Er hat sich müde gearbeitet.

He worked himself tired.

Reflexive construction indicating the result of an action.

Obwohl sie müde war, half sie mir bei den Hausaufgaben.

Although she was tired, she helped me with the homework.

Concessive clause with 'obwohl'.

Ich fühle mich heute körperlich und geistig müde.

I feel physically and mentally tired today.

Distinguishing between physical and mental states.

Die lange Reise hat uns alle sehr müde gemacht.

The long journey made us all very tired.

Using 'müde machen' in the Perfekt tense.

Er lächelte nur müde über den schlechten Witz.

He only smiled tiredly at the bad joke.

Using 'müde' as an adverb modifying a verb.

Nach dem Marathon fielen die müden Läufer ins Gras.

After the marathon, the tired runners fell into the grass.

Plural adjective declension after definite article.

Der Politiker wirkte nach der langen Debatte sichtlich amtsmüde.

The politician appeared visibly tired of office after the long debate.

Use of the compound adjective 'amtsmüde'.

Ich bin es allmählich müde, dir alles dreimal erklären zu müssen.

I am gradually getting tired of having to explain everything to you three times.

Advanced construction: 'es müde sein, zu + infinitive'.

Die völlig übermüdeten Ärzte arbeiteten die ganze Nacht durch.

The completely overtired doctors worked through the entire night.

Use of the intensified participle/adjective 'übermüdet'.

Wäre ich nicht so hundemüde, würde ich noch mit euch ins Kino gehen.

If I weren't so dog-tired, I would still go to the cinema with you.

Konjunktiv II (Subjunctive II) for an unreal condition.

Ihre müden Augen verrieten, dass sie die halbe Nacht geweint hatte.

Her tired eyes revealed that she had cried half the night.

Poetic/descriptive use of attributive adjective.

Die Gesellschaft scheint kriegsmüde zu sein.

Society seems to be war-weary.

Compound word 'kriegsmüde' indicating societal fatigue.

Er wehrte die Vorwürfe mit einer müden Handbewegung ab.

He fended off the accusations with a tired wave of the hand.

Transferred epithet: the hand movement represents the person's mental state.

Chronische Müdigkeit kann ein Symptom für ernsthafte Erkrankungen sein.

Chronic tiredness can be a symptom of serious illnesses.

Using the noun form 'Müdigkeit' in a medical/formal context.

Mit einem müden Lächeln quittierte er die vorhersehbare Absage.

With a tired smile, he acknowledged the predictable rejection.

Sophisticated descriptive phrasing with 'quittieren'.

Die Finanzmärkte reagierten müde auf die Ankündigung der Zentralbank.

The financial markets reacted sluggishly to the central bank's announcement.

Metaphorical use describing economic inactivity.

Man merkte dem Text an, dass der Autor gegen Ende schreibmüde wurde.

One could tell from the text that the author became tired of writing towards the end.

Creative compound 'schreibmüde'.

Er ist des ewigen Streitens müde geworden.

He has grown tired of the eternal arguing.

Classical genitive construction 'einer Sache (Genitiv) müde sein'.

Die Reformvorschläge stießen auf eine reformmüde Bevölkerung.

The reform proposals met with a reform-weary population.

Sociopolitical compound adjective 'reformmüde'.

Ein bleiernes, müdes Schweigen legte sich über den Raum.

A leaden, tired silence settled over the room.

Atmospheric description using multiple adjectives.

Sie schleppte ihren müden Körper die steilen Treppen hinauf.

She dragged her tired body up the steep stairs.

Emphasizing physical burden.

Der Film war ein Abklatsch alter Ideen, präsentiert von einer ideenmüden Regisseurin.

The film was a rehash of old ideas, presented by an idea-fatigued director.

Critical review vocabulary.

In der späten Epoche des Reiches machte sich eine allgemeine Zivilisationsmüdigkeit breit.

In the late epoch of the empire, a general civilizational weariness spread.

Highly abstract, historical-philosophical noun compound.

Er war der Welt und ihrer Nichtigkeiten vollends müde.

He was utterly tired of the world and its futilities.

Elevated literary style using genitive and 'vollends'.

Das Gedicht fängt die melancholische, herbstlich müde Stimmung meisterhaft ein.

The poem masterfully captures the melancholic, autumnally tired mood.

Aesthetic critique vocabulary.

Der Diskurs ist an einem Punkt angelangt, an dem selbst die schärfsten Kritiker argumentationsmüde erscheinen.

The discourse has reached a point where even the sharpest critics appear tired of arguing.

Complex academic/journalistic sentence structure.

Seine Augen, müde von jahrzehntelangem Aktenstudium, blickten trüb in die Ferne.

His eyes, tired from decades of studying files, gazed dimly into the distance.

Apposition modifying the noun 'Augen'.

Die sogenannte Müdigkeitsgesellschaft ist geprägt von einem Übermaß an Positivität und Leistungsdruck.

The so-called burnout society is characterized by an excess of positivity and pressure to perform.

Reference to Byung-Chul Han's philosophical concept.

Mit einer fast schon resignativen Müdigkeit wies er die utopischen Pläne zurück.

With an almost resignative weariness, he rejected the utopian plans.

Nuanced description of emotional state and action.

Es ist eine tiefe, existenzielle Müdigkeit, die sich nicht durch bloßen Schlaf kurieren lässt.

It is a deep, existential tiredness that cannot be cured by mere sleep.

Philosophical distinction of the concept of tiredness.

よく使う組み合わせ

sehr müde

total müde

hundemüde

todmüde

müde werden

müde machen

müde aussehen

ein bisschen müde

chronisch müde

müde lächeln

よく使うフレーズ

Ich bin müde.

Bist du müde?

Ich werde müde.

Das macht mich müde.

Gute Nacht, ich bin müde.

Ich bin zu müde dafür.

Er sieht müde aus.

Wir sind alle müde.

Ich bin todmüde.

Müde von der Arbeit.

よく混同される語

müde vs langweilig (boring)

müde vs krank (sick)

müde vs faul (lazy)

慣用句と表現

"hundemüde sein"

"todmüde sein"

"amtsmüde sein"

"lebensmüde sein"

"müde Knochen haben"

"sich müde laufen"

"jemanden müde machen"

"kriegsmüde sein"

"eine Sache müde sein"

"müde lächeln über"

間違えやすい

müde vs

文型パターン

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使い方

note

While 'müde' is the standard translation for 'tired', if you want to say a movie or book is 'tiring' or 'boring', use 'langweilig' or 'ermüdend', not just 'müde'.

よくある間違い

Saying 'Ich habe müde' instead of 'Ich bin müde'.
Pronouncing 'müde' as 'mude' (without the umlaut sound).
Forgetting to decline 'müde' when it precedes a noun (e.g., saying 'der müde Hund' instead of 'der müde Hund' - wait, 'der müde Hund' is correct. Mistake: 'ein müde Hund' instead of 'ein müder Hund').
Using 'müde' to mean 'boring' (e.g., 'Der Film ist müde' instead of 'Der Film ist langweilig').
Translating 'It makes me tired' as 'Es tut mich müde' instead of 'Es macht mich müde'.

ヒント

Always use 'sein'

Never translate 'I have sleep' directly. Always remember that in German, tiredness is a state of being. Use 'Ich bin müde'.

Master the Umlaut

Don't just say 'moo-de'. Practice the 'ü' sound to ensure you are understood clearly and sound more like a native speaker.

Learn the intensifiers

Instead of just saying 'sehr müde', try using 'total müde' or 'völlig müde' to sound more natural in everyday conversation.

Müde werden

When you feel sleep approaching, say 'Ich werde müde'. It's the perfect phrase to signal to your host that you want to go home.

Müde von + Dativ

To express being fed up with something, use 'müde von'. For example, 'Ich bin müde von der Politik' (I am tired of politics).

Use 'kaputt'

If you are hanging out with friends and want to say you are exhausted, use 'Ich bin kaputt'. It's very authentic spoken German.

Adjective Endings

When writing, double-check your adjective endings if 'müde' comes before a noun. 'Ein müdes Kind' (neuter), 'ein müder Mann' (masculine).

Listen for 'Müdigkeit'

In news or formal contexts, you will often hear the noun 'Müdigkeit'. Recognize it as the noun form of 'müde'.

Todmüde

Add 'todmüde' (dead tired) to your vocabulary. It's dramatic but very commonly used when someone is absolutely exhausted.

Acceptable Excuse

In Germany, saying you are 'müde' is a perfectly valid and respected reason to decline an invitation or leave an event early.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a cow saying 'Moo' because it's too tired to do anything else. Moo-de -> Müde.

語源

Middle High German 'müede', Old High German 'muodi'.

文化的な背景

It is acceptable to say you are tired, but usually accompanied by drinking coffee to show you are still working hard.

Saying 'Ich bin müde' is a perfectly polite and acceptable way to leave a party or gathering early.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Hattest du einen langen Tag? Du siehst müde aus."

"Bist du auch so müde wie ich?"

"Was machst du, wenn du nachmittags müde wirst?"

"Wie viele Stunden musst du schlafen, um nicht müde zu sein?"

"Macht dich das Wetter heute auch so müde?"

日記のテーマ

Beschreibe einen Tag, an dem du extrem müde warst. Was hast du gemacht?

Was hilft dir am besten, wenn du müde bist, aber noch arbeiten musst?

Glaubst du, dass die Menschen heute müder sind als früher? Warum?

Schreibe über das Gefühl, abends müde ins Bett zu fallen.

Was macht dich geistig müde, und was macht dich körperlich müde?

よくある質問

10 問

No, this is grammatically incorrect in German. You must use the verb 'sein' (to be). The correct phrase is 'Ich bin müde'. This is a common mistake for speakers of Romance languages.

'Müde' simply means tired or sleepy, a normal state at the end of the day. 'Erschöpft' means exhausted or depleted, implying a much deeper level of fatigue, usually after intense physical or mental exertion.

The 'ü' is an umlaut. To pronounce it, shape your lips into a tight circle as if you are going to say 'o' or whistle. While holding that lip shape, try to say the English sound 'ee' (as in 'see').

'Müde' is an adjective. The corresponding noun is 'die Müdigkeit', which translates to 'tiredness' or 'fatigue'. Always capitalize 'Müdigkeit' but write 'müde' in lowercase unless it starts a sentence.

To express the process of becoming tired, use the verb 'werden' (to become). The correct phrase is 'Ich werde müde'. This is very common to say in the evening.

Not exactly. While in English you might say 'I'm tired of this movie' to mean bored, in German you would use 'langweilig' (Mir ist langweilig). However, 'müde von' can mean you are weary or annoyed by a recurring situation.

'Hundemüde' literally translates to 'dog-tired'. It is a very common, colloquial compound adjective used to emphasize that someone is extremely exhausted.

If you use it after a verb (predicatively), like 'Ich bin müde', it does not change. If you put it directly before a noun (attributively), like 'der müde Hund', you must add the correct adjective ending.

The most common opposite is 'wach', which means awake. Other antonyms include 'munter' (lively/awake) or 'ausgeruht' (rested).

Yes, it is common to describe specific body parts as tired. For example, 'Meine Augen sind müde' (My eyes are tired) or 'Meine Beine sind müde' (My legs are tired).

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