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A1 verb 9分で読める

μαθαίνω

to learn

At the A1 level, 'μαθαίνω' is one of the most essential verbs for beginners. It is used to express the basic act of acquiring a new language or skill. Students learn to conjugate it in the present tense: 'εγώ μαθαίνω', 'εσύ μαθαίνεις', etc. The focus is on simple subject-verb-object sentences like 'Μαθαίνω ελληνικά' (I learn Greek) or 'Μαθαίνω πιάνο' (I learn piano). At this stage, learners are encouraged to use it to describe their current studies and hobbies. The concept of 'learning to do something' using 'να' (e.g., 'μαθαίνω να μαγειρεύω') is also introduced as a foundational sentence pattern. The goal is to establish the verb as a primary tool for self-description and expressing educational goals. Learners also begin to recognize the word in simple questions like 'Τι μαθαίνεις;' (What are you learning?). This level focuses on the immediate, tangible application of the verb in everyday life, building the confidence to speak about one's personal development and classroom activities.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'μαθαίνω' to include the past tense (Aorist: έμαθα) and the future tense (θα μάθω). This is a significant step, as it allows students to talk about their educational history and future plans. 'Έμαθα να οδηγώ πέρυσι' (I learned to drive last year) or 'Θα μάθω να κολυμπώ το καλοκαίρι' (I will learn to swim in the summer). The A2 level also introduces the 'finding out' meaning of the verb. Students learn to use 'έμαθα' to report simple news or information they have received: 'Έμαθα ότι είσαι καλά' (I found out/heard that you are well). There is also a greater emphasis on using the verb with different subjects and in more complex environments, such as with adverbs like 'γρήγορα' (quickly) or 'δύσκολα' (with difficulty). The distinction between 'μαθαίνω' (learning a language) and 'διαβάζω' (studying for a test) becomes more relevant at this stage to avoid common translation errors from English.
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At the B1 level, the use of 'μαθαίνω' becomes more nuanced. Learners start to use it in more idiomatic expressions and in different moods, such as the Imperative (Μάθε!) and the Subjunctive (να μάθω). This allows for giving advice or expressing desires: 'Πρέπει να μάθεις να προσέχεις' (You must learn to be careful). The B1 level also explores the use of 'μαθαίνω' in the context of life experiences and abstract concepts. For example, 'Μαθαίνω από τα λάθη μου' (I learn from my mistakes) or 'Μαθαίνω να είμαι υπομονετικός' (I am learning to be patient). Students are expected to handle the verb in various tenses with ease, including the Imperfect (μάθαινα) for describing ongoing learning processes in the past. The semantic bridge between 'learning a subject' and 'discovering a truth' is fully established, and learners can use the verb to participate in more detailed conversations about education, news, and personal growth.
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At the B2 level, students are expected to use 'μαθαίνω' with a high degree of precision and to understand its role in more formal or literary contexts. This includes recognizing the word in complex sentence structures involving relative clauses and passive constructions (though the passive of 'μαθαίνω' is rare, its related nouns like 'μάθηση' are common). B2 learners should be able to discuss the effectiveness of different learning methods and use 'μαθαίνω' in professional settings. For instance, 'Μαθαίνω τις νέες τεχνολογίες' (I am mastering new technologies). They also begin to encounter and use common idioms like 'μαθαίνω απέξω κι ανακατωτά' (to know something inside out). The focus shifts from simple communication to expressive and descriptive use, allowing the student to debate educational policies or describe the psychological process of learning. They also start to distinguish 'μαθαίνω' from its more academic synonyms like 'μελετώ' or 'σπουδάζω' based on the specific context of the conversation.
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At the C1 level, 'μαθαίνω' is used in sophisticated ways, often appearing in philosophical, academic, or highly formal discourse. Learners understand the etymological roots of the word and its connection to the broader Greek vocabulary of knowledge. They can use the verb to describe complex epistemological processes: 'Μαθαίνουμε τον κόσμο μέσα από τις αισθήσεις μας' (We learn/perceive the world through our senses). C1 students are also adept at using the verb in its 'finding out' sense within the context of investigative journalism or high-level information exchange. They can navigate the subtle differences between 'έμαθα' (I found out) and 'πληροφορήθηκα' (I was informed) depending on the desired register. Furthermore, they can use 'μαθαίνω' to express subtle irony or sarcasm in social situations. The verb becomes a tool for nuanced expression, capable of conveying not just the act of learning, but the depth, quality, and source of the knowledge acquired.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'μαθαίνω' is absolute. The speaker can use the verb in any context, from the most colloquial slang to the highest academic prose. They are familiar with archaic or poetic uses of the verb and its related forms. At this level, 'μαθαίνω' is often used to discuss the philosophy of education or the nature of human cognition. For example, 'Η διαδικασία του μανθάνειν είναι αέναη' (The process of learning is eternal - using the ancient infinitive form as a noun). C2 learners can analyze the nuances of the verb in classical literature and modern poetry. They use 'μαθαίνω' and its derivatives to construct complex arguments about societal progress, cultural heritage, and the transmission of knowledge across generations. The verb is no longer just a word to them; it is a fundamental concept that they can manipulate to express the most intricate shades of meaning in the Greek language.
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例文

μαθαίνω 30秒で

  • Μαθαίνω primarily means 'to learn' a skill, language, or subject through study.
  • It is frequently used in the past tense (έμαθα) to mean 'I found out' or 'I heard'.

The Greek verb μαθαίνω (mathéno) is a cornerstone of the Greek language, primarily corresponding to the English verb 'to learn'. However, its semantic range is broader than just academic acquisition. It encompasses the process of gaining knowledge, developing a skill, or even discovering information (finding out). At its core, it represents the transition from a state of ignorance or inability to a state of understanding or competence. Whether you are a student in a classroom, a child learning to walk, or an adult hearing a piece of gossip for the first time, you are 'μαθαίνω-ing'. The word is deeply rooted in the Hellenic intellectual tradition, sharing its linguistic DNA with words like 'mathematics' (μαθηματικά) and 'disciple' (μαθητής).

Academic Learning
Used when studying a subject, language, or science. For example, 'Μαθαίνω ελληνικά' (I am learning Greek).
Skill Acquisition
Used for physical or practical skills, like driving, swimming, or playing an instrument. 'Μαθαίνω πιάνο' (I am learning piano).
Information Discovery
Often used in the past tense (έμαθα) to mean 'I found out' or 'I heard'. 'Έμαθα τα νέα' (I found out the news).

Σήμερα μαθαίνω πώς να μαγειρεύω παστίτσιο.

In daily life, Greeks use this verb constantly. It is one of the first verbs a learner encounters because it describes the very act of being a learner. It is an active process. Unlike 'know' (ξέρω), which describes a state, 'μαθαίνω' describes the journey. You 'μαθαίνω' something until you 'ξέρω' it. It is also used reflexively in certain contexts, though the active form is most common. In a cultural context, Greeks value 'μάθηση' (learning) highly, often viewing it as a lifelong pursuit that defines one's character and social standing. From the ancient philosophers to modern-day professionals, the drive to 'learn' is a central theme in Greek identity.

Ποτέ δεν είναι αργά να μάθεις κάτι καινούργιο.

The 'How-To' Aspect
When followed by 'να' and a verb, it means learning to perform an action. 'Μαθαίνω να κολυμπώ' (I am learning to swim).

Πρέπει να μάθεις να ακούς τους άλλους.

Από τα λάθη μας μαθαίνουμε.

Memories and Rote Learning
The phrase 'μαθαίνω απέξω' means to learn by heart or memorize verbatim.

Ultimately, 'μαθαίνω' is about growth. It is used in formal education, informal settings, and philosophical discussions. It spans the range from the simplest tasks to the most complex abstract concepts. When you use this word, you are connecting to a lineage of inquiry that has defined Greek thought for millennia.

Using μαθαίνω correctly involves understanding its conjugation and the grammatical structures it triggers. As a first-conjugation verb ending in -ω, it follows a relatively standard pattern in the present tense (μαθαίνω, μαθαίνεις, μαθαίνει, κλπ.). However, its past tense (Aorist) is irregular: έμαθα. This is crucial because much of our conversation about learning happens in the past tense ('I learned this' or 'I found out that').

Direct Object Usage
The most common structure is 'μαθαίνω + [Noun in Accusative]'. Example: 'Μαθαίνω τη γλώσσα' (I am learning the language).
Infinitive-like Construction
To say 'learning to [verb]', use 'μαθαίνω να + [Subjunctive Verb]'. Example: 'Μαθαίνω να οδηγώ' (I am learning to drive).

Ο Γιάννης μαθαίνει γαλλικά στο σχολείο.

When discussing the source of information, we use prepositions like 'από' (from) or 'για' (about). For instance, 'Έμαθα για το ατύχημα από την τηλεόραση' (I learned about the accident from the TV). This highlights the 'finding out' aspect of the verb. In more complex sentences, 'μαθαίνω' can introduce a 'ότι' (that) clause: 'Έμαθα ότι θα φύγεις' (I learned/found out that you are leaving). This is a very common way to report news or rumors.

Πώς έμαθες το μυστικό μου;

The Imperative Form
'Μάθε' (singular) or 'Μάθετε' (plural) is used to command someone to learn or find out something. 'Μάθε την αλήθεια!' (Learn/Find out the truth!).

Θα μάθω την απάντηση μέχρι αύριο.

Δεν μαθαίνεις ποτέ αν δεν προσπαθήσεις.

Passive Voice
While 'μαθαίνομαι' exists, it is rare. Usually, we use 'διδάσκομαι' (to be taught) for the passive of learning in a formal sense.

Finally, consider the aspect. 'Μαθαίνω' (Present/Imperfect) suggests a continuous or habitual process, while 'Μάθω' (Aorist stem) suggests a completed action or a specific instance of learning. This distinction is vital for mastering Greek verb usage.

The word μαθαίνω is ubiquitous in Greek society. You will hear it in the echoey hallways of Greek public schools (σχολεία), in the bustling 'kafeneia' (cafes) where gossip is exchanged, and in the high-stakes environment of news broadcasts. It is a word that bridges the gap between the intellectual and the mundane. In a school setting, teachers ask, 'Τι μάθατε σήμερα;' (What did you learn today?). In a social setting, a friend might lean in and whisper, 'Έμαθες τι έγινε;' (Did you hear/find out what happened?).

In the Media
News anchors use it to describe investigative findings: 'Μαθαίνουμε ότι η κυβέρνηση...' (We are learning/finding out that the government...).
In Family Life
Parents encourage children: 'Πρέπει να μαθαίνεις τα μαθήματά σου' (You must learn/study your lessons).

Μόλις έμαθα ότι πήρες τη δουλειά! Συγχαρητήρια!

In the workplace, 'μαθαίνω' is used for training. New employees are told, 'Θα μάθεις γρήγορα τη δουλειά' (You will learn the job quickly). It is also prevalent in Greek music and literature. Many songs talk about 'learning to live' without a loved one or 'learning from the pain'. This emotional and existential application of the word shows its depth. It's not just about facts; it's about the evolution of the soul and the mind through experience.

Θέλω να μάθω την ιστορία της οικογένειάς μου.

In Sports and Hobbies
Coaches tell athletes: 'Μάθε να παίζεις ομαδικά' (Learn to play as a team).

Πού έμαθες να χορεύεις τόσο καλά;

Πρέπει να μάθουμε να ζούμε μαζί.

At the University
Professors emphasize: 'Δεν μαθαίνουμε για το βαθμό, αλλά για τη γνώση' (We don't learn for the grade, but for the knowledge).

Whether it's a child's first word or a scientist's breakthrough discovery, 'μαθαίνω' is the verb that captures the essence of human curiosity and progress in the Greek-speaking world.

For English speakers, the most frequent pitfall when using μαθαίνω is confusing it with the English verb 'to teach'. In some languages, these two concepts share a root or even a word, but in Greek, they are distinct. Μαθαίνω is what the student does; Διδάσκω is what the teacher does. Saying 'Θα σε μάθω' to mean 'I will teach you' is a common error (though in very informal/slang Greek, it is sometimes used, it is grammatically incorrect for learners).

Confusing 'Learn' with 'Teach'
Mistake: 'Ο δάσκαλος με μαθαίνει' (The teacher learns me). Correct: 'Ο δάσκαλος με διδάσκει' (The teacher teaches me).
Incorrect Past Tense Stem
Mistake: 'Έμαθησα' (Incorrect). Correct: 'Έμαθα' (I learned). The verb is irregular in the Aorist.

Μην πεις 'ο καθηγητής μαθαίνει τους φοιτητές'. Πες 'διδάσκει'.

Another mistake involves the distinction between 'μαθαίνω' and 'διαβάζω' (to read/study). English speakers often say 'I am learning for my exams', but in Greek, you should say 'Διαβάζω για τις εξετάσεις μου'. 'Μαθαίνω' implies the successful acquisition of the knowledge, while 'διαβάζω' or 'μελετώ' describes the effort of studying. Furthermore, learners often forget the 'να' when connecting 'μαθαίνω' to another verb. You cannot say 'Μαθαίνω οδηγώ'; it must be 'Μαθαίνω να οδηγώ'.

Πολλοί μαθαίνουν λέξεις, αλλά δεν μαθαίνουν να μιλούν.

Overusing the Present Tense
When talking about news you received, always use 'έμαθα'. Using 'μαθαίνω' makes it sound like you are currently in the process of finding out.

Λάθος: Μαθαίνω ότι παντρεύεσαι. Σωστό: Έμαθα ότι παντρεύεσαι.

Πρέπει να μάθεις τους κανόνες πριν παίξεις.

Preposition Errors
Avoid saying 'μαθαίνω για ελληνικά'. Say 'μαθαίνω ελληνικά'. The preposition 'για' is for topics (learning about history), not the direct object of learning.

By being mindful of these distinctions—especially the 'learn vs. teach' and 'study vs. learn' divides—you will sound much more natural and precise in your Greek communication.

While μαθαίνω is the most general word for learning, Greek offers several alternatives that specify the *manner* or *context* of learning. Understanding these nuances will elevate your vocabulary from basic to advanced. For instance, if you are studying at a university, 'σπουδάζω' is more appropriate. If you are deeply analyzing a text, 'μελετώ' is the word to use. Each of these words carries a different weight and suggests a different environment.

Σπουδάζω vs. Μαθαίνω
Σπουδάζω (spoudazo) specifically means to study a subject at a higher education level (university/college). Μαθαίνω is for general acquisition. You 'μαθαίνεις' a craft, but you 'σπουδάζεις' Medicine.
Μελετώ vs. Μαθαίνω
Μελετώ (meleto) means to study, research, or examine closely. It implies a deeper, more academic or professional focus than the general 'μαθαίνω'.

Δεν μαθαίνω απλώς την ιστορία, τη μελετώ σε βάθος.

In the context of 'finding out' information, alternatives include 'πληροφορούμαι' (to be informed) or 'ενημερώνομαι' (to be updated). These are more formal than 'έμαθα'. If you are receiving training, 'εκπαιδεύομαι' (to be trained) is a strong alternative. For religious or mystical contexts, 'μυούμαι' (to be initiated/to learn the secrets of) is used. Knowing when to switch from the common 'μαθαίνω' to these more specific verbs demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence.

Σπουδάζω Νομική, αλλά μαθαίνω και ξυλουργική στον ελεύθερο χρόνο μου.

Κατατοπίζομαι
This means to get one's bearings or to be briefed/oriented. 'Πρέπει να κατατοπιστώ για τις νέες διαδικασίες' (I need to get briefed on the new procedures).

Μόλις πληροφορήθηκα τα δυσάρεστα νέα.

Πρέπει να εξοικειωθείς με το νέο λογισμικό.

Summary of Alternatives
- General: Μαθαίνω. - Academic: Σπουδάζω. - Deep Study: Μελετώ. - Information: Πληροφορούμαι. - Training: Εκπαιδεύομαι.

By mastering these synonyms, you can express yourself with greater precision, choosing the word that perfectly fits the social or professional context of your conversation.

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レベル別の例文

1

Μαθαίνω ελληνικά.

I am learning Greek.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Μαθαίνεις πιάνο;

Are you learning piano?

Question form, 2nd person singular.

3

Ο Νίκος μαθαίνει να κολυμπάει.

Nikos is learning to swim.

Verb 'μαθαίνω' followed by 'να' and the subjunctive.

4

Μαθαίνουμε πολλά στο σχολείο.

We learn a lot at school.

1st person plural.

5

Μαθαίνετε γαλλικά;

Are you (plural) learning French?

2nd person plural.

6

Τα παιδιά μαθαίνουν να διαβάζουν.

The children are learning to read.

3rd person plural.

7

Μαθαίνω να μαγειρεύω.

I am learning to cook.

Present tense with 'να' construction.

8

Τι μαθαίνεις σήμερα;

What are you learning today?

Interrogative sentence.

1

Έμαθα τα νέα χθες.

I found out the news yesterday.

Aorist (past tense), meaning 'found out'.

2

Θα μάθω να οδηγώ το καλοκαίρι.

I will learn to drive in the summer.

Future tense.

3

Πού έμαθες να χορεύεις;

Where did you learn to dance?

Aorist tense, 2nd person singular.

4

Έμαθα ότι θα έρθεις στην Αθήνα.

I found out that you will come to Athens.

Aorist followed by an 'ότι' (that) clause.

5

Δεν έμαθα ακόμα το μάθημά μου.

I haven't learned my lesson yet.

Negative Aorist.

6

Πρέπει να μάθεις αυτή τη λέξη.

You must learn this word.

Modal 'πρέπει να' followed by subjunctive.

7

Έμαθαν να παίζουν σκάκι.

They learned to play chess.

Aorist, 3rd person plural.

8

Θα μάθουμε την αλήθεια σύντομα.

We will learn the truth soon.

Future tense, meaning 'find out'.

1

Μάθαινε γαλλικά για τρία χρόνια.

He was learning French for three years.

Imperfect tense (continuous past).

2

Πρέπει να μάθεις να είσαι πιο ευγενικός.

You must learn to be more polite.

Subjunctive use for character development.

3

Από τα λάθη μας μαθαίνουμε.

We learn from our mistakes.

General truth/proverbial use.

4

Μόλις έμαθα ότι πήρες προαγωγή!

I just found out that you got a promotion!

Use of 'μόλις' (just) with Aorist.

5

Μάθε μου πώς να το κάνω αυτό.

Teach me how to do this (informal).

Imperative (Note: 'δίδαξε' is formal, 'μάθε μου' is common in spoken Greek).

6

Δεν έμαθα ποτέ την απάντηση.

I never learned the answer.

Negative Aorist with 'ποτέ'.

7

Μαθαίνω να ζω με λιγότερα χρήματα.

I am learning to live with less money.

Abstract learning process.

8

Θέλεις να μάθεις ένα μυστικό;

Do you want to learn/know a secret?

Subjunctive after 'θέλω'.

1

Έμαθε την τέχνη από τον πατέρα του.

He learned the craft from his father.

Context of apprenticeship.

2

Μαθαίνω απέξω το ποίημα.

I am learning the poem by heart.

Idiom 'μαθαίνω απέξω'.

3

Θα πρέπει να μάθουμε να συνεργαζόμαστε.

We will have to learn to cooperate.

Future modal construction.

4

Έμαθα με τον δύσκολο τρόπο ότι η ειλικρίνεια μετράει.

I learned the hard way that honesty counts.

Idiomatic expression 'με τον δύσκολο τρόπο'.

5

Μαθαίνουμε για τον κόσμο μέσα από τα ταξίδια.

We learn about the world through travel.

Preposition 'για' used for topics.

6

Ποτέ δεν σταματάς να μαθαίνεις.

You never stop learning.

General existential statement.

7

Έμαθα τυχαία για τη συνάντηση.

I found out about the meeting by chance.

Use of adverb 'τυχαία' (by chance).

8

Μάθετε να ακούτε πριν μιλήσετε.

Learn to listen before you speak.

Plural imperative for advice.

1

Η επιστήμη προσπαθεί να μάθει τα μυστικά του σύμπαντος.

Science tries to learn the secrets of the universe.

Abstract and academic context.

2

Έμαθα την είδηση από έγκυρες πηγές.

I learned the news from reliable sources.

Formal context of information gathering.

3

Πρέπει να μάθουμε να διαβάζουμε πίσω από τις λέξεις.

We must learn to read between the lines.

Metaphorical use of learning.

4

Έμαθα πλέον να μην εμπιστεύομαι εύκολα.

I have learned by now not to trust easily.

Use of 'πλέον' (by now/anymore).

5

Μαθαίνουμε να αναγνωρίζουμε τα σημάδια της κλιματικής αλλαγής.

We are learning to recognize the signs of climate change.

Complex scientific context.

6

Όσο ζεις, μαθαίνεις.

As long as you live, you learn.

Classic Greek proverb.

7

Έμαθα ότι η υπόθεση μπήκε στο αρχείο.

I found out that the case was archived.

Formal legal/administrative context.

8

Μάθε να εκτιμάς τις μικρές χαρές της ζωής.

Learn to appreciate the small joys of life.

Philosophical/Emotional context.

1

Η γνωστική ψυχολογία μελετά τον τρόπο με τον οποίο μαθαίνουμε.

Cognitive psychology studies the way in which we learn.

Scientific/Academic discourse.

2

Είναι δύσκολο να μάθει κανείς την απόλυτη αλήθεια.

It is difficult for one to learn the absolute truth.

Philosophical inquiry.

3

Έμαθα εκ των υστέρων ότι η απόφασή μου ήταν λανθασμένη.

I learned in hindsight that my decision was wrong.

Use of formal expression 'εκ των υστέρων'.

4

Η ανθρωπότητα οφείλει να μάθει από τις ιστορικές της τραγωδίες.

Humanity must learn from its historical tragedies.

High-level societal discourse.

5

Μαθαίνω τις λεπτές αποχρώσεις της ελληνικής ποίησης.

I am learning the subtle nuances of Greek poetry.

Literary analysis context.

6

Δεν θα μάθουμε ποτέ το πλήρες εύρος των δυνατοτήτων μας.

We will never learn the full extent of our potential.

Existential/Inspirational context.

7

Έμαθα να ιχνηλατώ τις απαρχές της σκέψης του.

I learned to trace the origins of his thought.

Very formal/Academic vocabulary.

8

Μάθε να διακρίνεις το ουσιώδες από το επουσιώδες.

Learn to distinguish the essential from the non-essential.

Philosophical command.

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