B1 · 中級 チャプター 6

Advanced Verb Patterns and Meaning Changes

7 トータルルール
81 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the subtle verb patterns that distinguish intermediate speakers from advanced, natural communicators.

  • Distinguish between meanings of common verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives.
  • Apply specific verb structures for chores, habits, and involuntary actions.
  • Analyze context to choose the correct verb pattern for natural expression.
Unlock the nuances of English verb patterns.

学べること

Ready to unlock new levels of fluency? This chapter helps you master tricky verb patterns, like knowing when to remember to call versus remember calling. You'll confidently express subtle differences and sound much more natural!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between memory-based verb patterns in conversation.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Mastering the intricacies of verb patterns is a crucial step for any B1 English learner aiming for genuine fluency. You’ve already built a strong foundation, and now it's time to refine your understanding to express subtle differences that make your English sound truly natural and confident. This chapter dives into advanced verb patterns and meaning changes that often trip up even intermediate speakers, but which are essential for clear and nuanced communication.
We'll unravel common confusions, such as when to say remember to call versus remember calling, or why stop to eat means something entirely different from stop eating. Understanding these distinctions will empower you to express your intentions and experiences with precision, moving beyond basic comprehension to genuine expression.
By tackling topics like gerund vs. infinitive after verbs like remember, forget, stop, and try, as well as exploring unique patterns like 'need + gerund' and 'can't help + gerund', you'll unlock a new level of conversational sophistication. Get ready to enhance your B1 English grammar and speak with more clarity and confidence!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of these advanced verb patterns lies a fascinating aspect of English grammar: how small changes in verb form can lead to significant shifts in meaning. Many of these patterns revolve around whether we use a gerund (the -ing form of a verb, acting as a noun) or an infinitive (to + base verb) after certain main verbs. Generally, the gerund often refers to a past action, a general activity, or the object of the verb, emphasizing the *action itself*.
The infinitive, on the other hand, frequently points to a future action, a purpose, or an intention, emphasizing the *goal or reason*.
Let’s look at remember, forget, stop, and try. When you
remember calling your friend,
you're recalling a past action – the act of calling happened. But if you
remember to call your friend,
it's a future task you mustn't forget. Similarly,
stop eating
means you quit the action of eating, whereas
stop to eat
means you paused another activity *in order to* eat.
The infinitive here explains the purpose of stopping.
Beyond these gerund vs. infinitive pairs, we also have specific patterns like need + gerund which indicates that the subject of the sentence requires an action to be done *to* it, often for chores or repairs. For example,
The car needs washing
means the car needs to be washed by someone.
Another expressive pattern is "can't help + gerund," which means you can't control a reaction or action, as in "I can't help laughing.
Finally,
be used to + -ing
describes becoming accustomed to something, like
I am used to waking up early." These patterns demonstrate how English allows for nuanced expression through seemingly small grammatical choices.

Common Mistakes

Learning these distinctions can be tricky, and misusing them is a common B1 English grammar challenge. Here are some frequent errors:
  1. 1✗ I remembered to call him yesterday. (If you mean you recalled the past action of calling)
✓ I remembered calling him yesterday.
*Explanation:* Use the gerund for past memories.
Remembered to call
implies you *successfully completed* a task you previously might have forgotten, not that you recalled the act itself.
  1. 1✗ He stopped to smoke entirely. (If you mean he quit smoking as a habit)
✓ He stopped smoking entirely.
*Explanation:*
Stop to smoke
means he paused another activity *for the purpose of* smoking a cigarette.
Stop smoking
means he quit the habit of smoking altogether.
  1. 1✗ I tried opening the jar, but it was stuck. (If you're describing a difficult effort)
✓ I tried to open the jar, but it was stuck.
*Explanation:*
Try to open
implies effort and difficulty.
Try opening
suggests an experiment or testing a method (
Have you tried opening it this way?
).

Real Conversations

A

A

Oh no, I totally forgot to send that email to Mark. It was due an hour ago!
B

B

Don't worry, I actually remembered sending it for you last night. You asked me to!
A

A

Oh, right! Thanks a million! My memory is terrible lately.
A

A

This old bicycle needs fixing before our trip next weekend.
B

B

Yeah, the chain keeps falling off. I might try greasing it first, or maybe I should just try to replace it if that doesn't work.
A

A

Good plan. Let's get it sorted.
A

A

I find it so hard to work in this noisy cafe.
B

B

Really? I guess I am used to working with background noise now. After living in the city for so long, I can't help tuning it out.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between forgot to do and forgot doing?

Forgot to do
means you failed to perform a task you intended to do (e.g.,
I forgot to lock the door
).
Forgot doing
means you don't remember the actual event or action that took place (e.g.,
I forgot locking the door last night, but I must have done it
).

Q

When should I use remember + -ing?

Use

remember + -ing
when you are recalling a past experience or event. For example,
I remember meeting him at the conference last year
means you have a memory of that past meeting.

Q

What does

The car needs washing
mean?

It means the car requires the action of being washed. It uses the 'need + gerund' pattern, which implies that the subject of the sentence (the car) is receiving the action, not performing it. It's often used for maintenance or chores.

Q

Can you explain "I can't help laughing"?

"I can't help laughing" means that you are unable to control your laughter; it's an involuntary reaction. This pattern, 'can't help + gerund', is used to express that you have no choice but to do something.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these advanced verb patterns and meaning changes constantly, often without conscious thought, to express precise nuances. While there aren't significant regional differences in the fundamental meaning of these constructions, their accurate use is a hallmark of natural, fluent speech. They allow speakers to convey subtle distinctions about intent, past experience, or involuntary actions, making conversations much clearer and more articulate.
Mastering them means speaking English more authentically, aligning your expressions with how native speakers convey their thoughts and feelings.

重要な例文 (8)

1

I remember meeting you at that coffee shop last year.

去年のあのカフェであなたに会ったのを覚えています。

Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞
2

Please remember to turn off the lights before you leave.

出かける前に電気を消すのを忘れないでくださいね。

Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞
3

Oh no, I `forgot to buy` bread for breakfast.

¡Oh no, olvidé comprar pan para el desayuno!

〜するのを忘れた vs. 〜したのを忘れた
4

I `forgot calling` you earlier, my phone log shows it.

Olvidé haberte llamado antes, mi registro de llamadas lo muestra.

〜するのを忘れた vs. 〜したのを忘れた
5

I stopped working on the project at midnight.

プロジェクトの作業を夜中にやめました。

Stop + 動名詞 vs. 不定詞: やめる vs. 一時停止する
6

The train stopped to let passengers off at the next station.

次の駅で乗客を降ろすために電車が止まりました。

Stop + 動名詞 vs. 不定詞: やめる vs. 一時停止する
7

I tried to remember her name, but it completely slipped my mind.

彼女の名前を思い出そうとしたんですが、完全に忘れてしまいました。

Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？
8

If your phone is frozen, try restarting it; that usually fixes the issue.

もしスマホがフリーズしたら、再起動してみてください。たいていそれで直りますよ。

Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「写真を思い描く」イメージで！

心の中でその行動がすでに起こった写真やビデオのように思い描けるなら、「-ing」形を使う可能性が高いです。それはすでに起こったことですからね！ 「I remember seeing that movie.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞
💡

The To-Do List Trick

If you can put the action on a 'To-Do' list, use 'to'. If you can put it in a photo album, use '-ing'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するのを忘れた vs. 〜したのを忘れた
💡

「目的」か「やめる」かで考えよう

「-ing」と「to + 動詞」どちらを使うか迷ったら、こう自問してみてください。「別のことをするために（目的）、いったん立ち止まっているのかな？」それとも「その行動を完全にやめているのかな？」。このショートカット、とても役立ちますよ。
I stopped working to eat lunch.
vs I stopped working.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Stop + 動名詞 vs. 不定詞: やめる vs. 一時停止する
💡

「努力」と「方法」を考える

目標達成のために大変な努力をする時は「try + to不定詞」を使います。方法がうまくいくか試す場合は、「try + 動名詞」を選びましょう。 "When you're making a strenuous effort to achieve a goal, use try + to-infinitive."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

重要な語彙 (5)

Involuntary not done by choice Accustomed familiar with Experiment a test Task a piece of work Habit a regular practice

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Busy Office

Review Summary

  • Remember + to-inf (future task) / -ing (past memory)
  • Forget + to-inf (failed task) / -ing (forgotten memory)
  • Stop + -ing (end action) / to-inf (pause to start)
  • Try + to-inf (effort) / -ing (experiment)
  • Need + -ing (passive meaning)
  • Can't help + -ing
  • Be used to + -ing

よくある間違い

When using 'need' for objects, the gerund acts as a passive. Using 'to be washed' is grammatically possible but less natural.

Wrong: I need my car to be washed.
正解: My car needs washing.

'Used to' in 'be used to' is a preposition, so it must take a gerund. It is not the same as the past habit structure 'I used to work'.

Wrong: I am used to work early.
正解: I am used to working early.

Trying as an experiment requires the gerund. 'Tried to eat' implies you struggled to finish the salad.

Wrong: I tried to eat the salad to see if I liked it.
正解: I tried eating the salad to see if I liked it.

このチャプターのルール (7)

1

Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞

B1
「remember + -ing」は「過去の出来事」を思い出すとき、「remember + «to + 動詞»」は「未来の義務やタスク」を思い出すときに使います。
I remember meeting you at that coffee shop last ye...
12 例文
2

〜するのを忘れた vs. 〜したのを忘れた

B1
Mastering forgot to do vs. forgot doing unlocks precision in expressing memory and tasks.
Oh no, I `forgot to buy` bread for breakfast.
12 例文
3

Stop + 動名詞 vs. 不定詞: やめる vs. 一時停止する

B1
行動を「完全にやめる」なら「-ing」。「何かをするために立ち止まる」なら「to + 動詞」を使います。
I stopped working on the project at midnight.
12 例文
4

Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

B1
「Try to do」（«努力»）と「Try doing」（«試行»）の違いを意識すると、もっと«自然»で正確な英語が話せますよ。
I tried to remember her name, but it completely sl...
10 例文
5

Need + 動名詞: 家事と修理 (車は洗う必要がある)

B1
自分が何かをするのではなく、物が「〜される必要がある」時に need + ～ing を使いましょう！
The grass needs mowing before the party.
12 例文
6

仕方ない！ (Can't Help + 動名詞)

B1
「can't help + 動名詞」は、自分の意志に反して「思わず～してしまう」気持ちや、「どうしても～せずにはいられない」衝動を表すのに使うよ。「involuntary urge」「emotional reaction」
I `can't help laughing` when I watch that comedian...
11 例文
7

何かに慣れていること (Be Used To + -ing)

B1
「be used to + -ing をマスターすると、「現在の習慣」や「慣れていること」、「自然な感覚」を英語で伝える時に、とってもネイティブらしく聞こえるよ！」
I `am used to drinking` coffee every morning.
12 例文

Next Steps

You've tackled some of the trickiest parts of English grammar! Keep practicing these in your daily conversations.

Write a list of 5 things that need doing in your house.

Continue to: Focusing on Actions with the Passive Voice

クイック練習 (10)

文中の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

If your computer is slow, try to restart it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If your computer is slow, try restarting it.
コンピュータを再起動することは、問題に対する実験的な解決策なので、動名詞形「restarting」が適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

正しい形を選んで文を完成させましょう。

He ___ used to working in a team.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
主語の He は現在形では単数形の is を取ります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 何かに慣れていること (Be Used To + -ing)

正しい形を選んで文章を完成させましょう。

I vividly remember ___ that song for the first time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hearing
あなたは過去の経験（その歌を聞いたこと）を思い出しているので、動名詞形の「hearing」が正しいです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞

正しい形を選んで文を完成させてください。

She `can't help` ___ (sing) in the shower every morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: singing
「can't help」の後には、いつも動名詞（-ing形）を使います。だから「singing」が正しいです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 仕方ない！ (Can't Help + 動名詞)

間違いを見つけて直してください

Find and fix the mistake:

My grandpa stopped to smoke 10 years ago.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My grandpa stopped smoking 10 years ago.
もし彼が喫煙という習慣をやめたのなら、動名詞「smoking」を使います。「Stopped to smoke」だと、何かをしている途中でタバコを吸うために一時停止した、という意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Stop + 動名詞 vs. 不定詞: やめる vs. 一時停止する

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

I forgot ___ (buy) a gift for the party, so I had to stop at the store.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to buy
The person missed the task of buying a gift, so the infinitive 'to buy' is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するのを忘れた vs. 〜したのを忘れた

「remember」が正しく使われている文章はどれですか？

正しい文章を選びましょう:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She must remember to buy milk.
これは未来の義務やタスクを表現しているので、「remember to buy」が正しい形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞

文を完成させる正しい形を選んでください。

I ______ to open the jar, but my hands were too slippery.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tried to open
瓶を開けることは目標であり、「tried to open」は滑る手のために成功しなかった努力を示しています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She tried calling the helpline for hours, but it was busy.
ヘルプラインに電話をかけることは、問題を解決するため（連絡を取るため）に繰り返し使われる方法であり、実験を示しています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Try + 動名詞 vs 不定詞: 努力か実験か？

文章の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Do you remember to visit Paris last summer?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do you remember visiting Paris last summer?
あなたは過去の出来事（パリを訪れたこと）を思い出しているので、動名詞の「visiting」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Remember + 動名詞 vs 不定詞

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

最も簡単な言い方をすると、「remember + -ing」は思い出す「過去の行動や記憶」に使われます。一方、「remember + to + verb」は、果たさなければならない「未来のタスクや義務」に使われます。つまり、「あなたがしたこと」と「あなたがする必要があること」の違いです。「I remember watching that movie.」（あの映画を見たのを覚えている）
はい、もちろんです！「I remember my first pet」（最初のペットを覚えている）や「Do you remember that trip?」（あの旅行を覚えていますか？）のように言えます。これらの場合、「remember」の後には動詞の形ではなく、直接目的語（名詞や代名詞）が続きます。「Do you remember my name?」
Yes, 'forget about' is usually followed by a noun or a gerund. 'I forgot about the meeting' or 'I forgot about calling him.' It often means you stopped thinking about it.
It is less common than 'forgot to'. Most people use it with 'never' for big memories. In other cases, they might say 'I don't remember doing that' instead.
一番の違いはシンプルです。「stop + -ing」は、その行動が完全に終わる（停止する）という意味。一方、「stop + to + verb」は、新しい行動をするために（それが止まる目的で）今していることを一時停止する、という意味になりますよ。 I stopped reading と
I stopped to read
を比べてみましょう。
必ずしもそうではありません！その時、走るという行動をやめた、という意味です。今日は「stop running」するけれど、明日また再開する、ということもあります。今の行動が止まったことに焦点が当たっているんですよ。
I stopped running for the day.
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Connecting Ideas with -ing and To
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Focusing on Actions with the Passive Voice
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