否定命令形 (~するな)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'Don't' plus the base verb to tell someone what not to do—it never changes for different people!
- Start with 'Don't' for every person (you, he, they). Example: 'Don't go.'
- Use the base verb only—no 'to', no '-ing', no '-s'. Example: 'Don't eat.'
- Use 'Do not' instead of 'Don't' for formal signs or very serious warnings. Example: 'Do not enter.'
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
Don't go! | 行かないで!
Don't eat! | 食べないで!
Don't worry! | 心配しないで!
Don't forget! | 忘れないで!
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 命令:
Don't talk.(今すぐ黙って!) - 記述:
They don't talk.(彼らは無口な人たちだ。)
Don't enterは直接的な命令です。You mustn't enterは厳格なルールです。You can't enterは、許可がないことを意味します。
Quick FAQ
「Don't」と「be」を一緒に使えますか?
はい!「Don't be late」は非常によく使われます。「Be not late」とは言わないでください。
メッセージで「Do not」が使われることはありますか?
よほど怒っているか、ドラマチックに伝えたい時だけです。すべて大文字でタイピングするような感じです。
「please」はどこに置けばいいですか?
文の最初か最後です。「Please don't go」または「Don't go, please」です。
「Don't you go」と言えますか?
とても感情的、あるいは古風な言い方です。今は「Don't go」を使っておきましょう。
先生に対してもこれを使って大丈夫ですか?
はい、ただし「please」を添えてください。「Please don't give us homework!(宿題出さないでください!)」といった感じです(うまくいくといいですね)。
自分自身を止めたい時は?
頭の中で「Don't do it, [自分の名前]」とよく言います。同じ形を使います!
複数人に対しても使えますか?
はい。「Don't talk, everyone!(みんな、喋らないで!)」は完璧に通じます。
2. Negative Imperative Formation
| Subject (Implied) | Auxiliary | Negative | Base Verb | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(You)
|
Do
|
not
|
run
|
Do not run.
|
|
(You)
|
Do
|
not
|
eat
|
Do not eat.
|
|
(You)
|
Do
|
not
|
be
|
Do not be late.
|
|
(You)
|
Do
|
not
|
touch
|
Do not touch.
|
Contractions vs. Full Forms
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Context |
|---|---|---|
|
Do not
|
Don't
|
Spoken / Informal writing
|
|
Do not
|
N/A
|
Formal signs / Legal notices
|
|
Do not
|
Don't
|
Friendly advice
|
Meanings
The negative imperative is used to issue commands, give advice, or provide warnings telling someone to refrain from an action.
Direct Command
A strict order telling someone to stop or not start an action.
“Don't move!”
“Don't speak while I am talking.”
Friendly Advice
Suggesting that someone should avoid doing something for their own good.
“Don't worry about the exam.”
“Don't forget your umbrella!”
Public Prohibitions
Formal rules or laws displayed on signs.
“Do not walk on the grass.”
“Do not feed the animals.”
Reference Table
| 行動 | 肯定の命令 | 否定の命令 | 目的 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eat
|
Eat your vegetables!
|
Don't eat that!
|
禁止
|
|
Touch
|
Touch the screen.
|
Don't touch the screen!
|
警告
|
|
Go
|
Go home now.
|
Don't go yet!
|
助言
|
|
Worry
|
Worry about it later.
|
Don't worry!
|
安心させる
|
|
Run
|
Run faster!
|
Don't run in the house!
|
ルール・禁止
|
|
Be
|
Be careful!
|
Don't be late!
|
指示
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Do not enter. (Building access)
Don't go in there. (Building access)
Don't go in. (Building access)
Stay out! (Building access)
否定命令:「Don't」のルール
基本の構造
- Don't 助動詞
- Base Verb 主な行動
よくある使い方
- Warnings Don't touch!
- Advice Don't worry.
- Prohibitions Don't litter.
ポイント
- Implied 'You' 主語「You」は省略
- No Verb Changes 動詞は元の形のまま
肯定命令 vs 否定命令
否定命令の作り方
誰かに何かを「しないで」と伝えたいですか?
止めたい行動は何ですか?
それらを組み合わせましょう!
否定命令を使う時
警告
- • Don't touch!
- • Don't look down!
アドバイス
- • Don't worry.
- • Don't give up!
ルール
- • Don't litter.
- • Don't park here.
お願い
- • Please don't go.
- • Don't forget, please.
レベル別の例文
Don't cry.
No llores.
Don't eat that.
No comas eso.
Don't go.
No te vayas.
Don't sleep now.
No duermas ahora.
Don't forget your keys.
No olvides tus llaves.
Please don't open the window.
Por favor, no abras la ventana.
Don't be late for the meeting.
No llegues tarde a la reunión.
Don't touch the wet paint.
No toques la pintura fresca.
Don't worry about the small details.
No te preocupes por los pequeños detalles.
Do not enter without a permit.
No entre sin un permiso.
Don't make a mess in the kitchen.
No hagas un desastre en la cocina.
Don't believe everything you read online.
No creas todo lo que lees en línea.
Don't you dare speak to me like that!
¡No te atrevas a hablarme así!
Don't be so hard on yourself.
No seas tan duro contigo mismo.
Don't let the opportunity slip away.
No dejes que la oportunidad se escape.
Don't just stand there; do something!
No te quedes ahí parado; ¡haz algo!
Don't tell me you've lost your passport again!
¡No me digas que has vuelto a perder el pasaporte!
Do not underestimate the complexity of the task.
No subestimes la complejidad de la tarea.
Don't go thinking that I'll always be here to help.
No vayas a pensar que siempre estaré aquí para ayudar.
Let us not forget the lessons of history.
No olvidemos las lecciones de la historia.
Don't you go getting any bright ideas while I'm away.
No se te ocurra tener ninguna idea 'brillante' mientras no estoy.
Do not for one moment imagine that this is over.
Ni por un momento te imagines que esto ha terminado.
Don't even think about trying to bribe the officials.
Ni se te ocurra intentar sobornar a los oficiales.
Fear not, for help is on the way.
No temas, pues la ayuda está en camino.
間違えやすい
Learners see 'No Smoking' and think they can say 'No smoke' or 'Don't smoking'.
Mixing up 'You don't go' (fact) with 'Don't go' (command).
Trying to use 'Doesn't' for a third person command.
よくある間違い
No speak English.
Don't speak English.
Don't to go.
Don't go.
Don't eating.
Don't eat.
Doesn't run!
Don't run!
Don't be late, please.
Please don't be late.
Not do that.
Don't do that.
Don't you to move.
Don't you move.
文型パターン
Don't ___ the ___.
Please don't ___ until ___.
Don't be ___ about ___.
Whatever you do, don't ___!
Real World Usage
Don't ring the doorbell.
Don't forget to bring the snacks!
Don't be afraid to ask about the salary.
Do not lean against the doors.
Don't draw on the walls!
Don't drop the weights.
動詞はいつも「元の形」で!
言い方には気をつけよう!
「Do not」で「強調」や「丁寧さ」を出す
他の文化での「伝え方」
「You」は「隠れている」!
Smart Tips
Use 'Don't forget to...' instead of 'Remember to...'. It sounds more like a helpful reminder.
Remember that this is for signs. When you speak to a person, convert it to 'Don't' + Verb.
Always pair 'Don't' with 'be'. You can't say 'Don't late'.
Separate 'Do' and 'not' and say them slowly.
発音
Contraction Stress
In the word 'Don't', the 'o' is a long 'o' sound /doʊnt/. The 't' is often 'stopped' or very light in fast speech.
Emphasis
To make a command stronger, stress the word 'Don't' heavily.
Falling Intonation
Don't ↘ move.
Conveys authority and finality.
Rising Intonation
Don't forget your ↗ keys?
Conveys a friendly reminder or a question-like suggestion.
暗記しよう
記憶術
D.O.N.T. stands for: Direct Order, No 'To'!
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant red 'X' over a person performing an action. The 'X' has the word 'DON'T' written in white letters across it.
Rhyme
If you want the action to cease, say 'Don't' and 'Please'!
Story
A king wanted to protect his garden. He didn't say 'No walk' or 'Doesn't walk'. He shouted 'Don't walk!' to everyone who came near. Now, everyone knows 'Don't' is the king of commands.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Find 3 things you shouldn't do (e.g., touch the lamp, break the window) and say the commands out loud: 'Don't touch the lamp!'
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'Don't' followed by 'mind' or 'worry' as a social lubricant to avoid awkwardness.
Directness is common. 'Don't' is used frequently in signs and public service announcements for clarity.
Using 'Don't' can sometimes sound too aggressive. Professionals often soften it with 'I would suggest you don't...' or 'Please refrain from...'
The use of 'do' as an auxiliary verb (do-support) developed in Middle English.
会話のきっかけ
What is one thing people should don't do in your country?
Give me three 'Don'ts' for a new tourist in your city.
If you were a teacher, what rules would you make? (Use Don't...)
What are some 'Don'ts' for a first date?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
___ be late for the meeting!
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'No corras en el pasillo.'
Answer starts with: ["D...
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises___ the water. It is dirty!
Please ___ (not / forget) your passport.
Find and fix the mistake:
Don't to touch the painting!
Affirmative: 'Open the door.' -> Negative: '___'
You should use 'Doesn't' if you are telling a boy not to do something.
A: I'm so nervous! B: ___ so worried, you will be great!
Select the valid sentence.
1. Library, 2. Zoo, 3. Wet Floor
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercises___ forget to lock the door!
Which sentence is correct?
You don't open that box!
Translate into English: 'No hables con extraños.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the positive command with its negative.
Please ___ feed the animals in the park.
Do not sharing personal information online.
Select the polite negative command:
Translate into English: '¡No te preocupes por eso!'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
___ forget to charge your laptop tonight.
Don't tell nobody your secrets.
Score: /13
よくある質問 (8)
No. In English, 'No' is used with nouns (No smoking) or as an answer. For verbs, you must use `Don't`.
It can be. To make it polite, add `please` or use a softer tone. `Please don't...` is much friendlier.
We usually omit the 'you' because it's implied. Adding it (e.g., `Don't you touch that!`) makes the command very strong or angry.
`Don't` is for speaking and casual writing. `Do not` is for formal signs, legal documents, or extreme emphasis.
Yes! Use `Don't be` followed by an adjective. Example: `Don't be late` or `Don't be silly`.
Never. Even if you are talking about a third person, a command is always directed at a 'you'. So it is always `Don't`.
`Never` is a stronger version of `Don't`. `Never do that` means don't do it at any time, ever.
Use `Let's not`. Example: `Let's not go to that restaurant.`
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
No + Subjunctive
English requires the helper verb 'do', Spanish does not.
Ne ... pas
French uses a two-part negation system.
Verb + nicht
Word order is reversed.
Verb-na / Verb-nai de
Japanese is agglutinative (endings), English is analytic (helper words).
La + Jussive Verb
Arabic modifies the verb ending significantly.
Bié + Verb
Chinese 'Bié' is a single word, while English 'Don't' is a contraction of two.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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