Bribery is an illegal act of influence through illicit exchanges, often leading to corruption and unfair advantages.
bribery 30秒で
- Illegal giving/taking for influence
- Associated with corruption
- Used for unfair advantage
§ Introduction
The word "bribery" is often encountered in news, legal discussions, and ethical debates. While its core meaning might seem straightforward – an illegal exchange for influence – there are several nuances and common pitfalls that learners and even native speakers sometimes stumble upon. Understanding these can significantly improve your precision and comprehension when dealing with this important term.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing "Bribery" with "Corruption" Generally
While bribery is a form of corruption, the two terms are not interchangeable. Corruption is a broader concept encompassing various illicit activities, such as embezzlement, nepotism, and extortion. Bribery specifically refers to the act of offering or accepting something of value in exchange for undue influence.
- DEFINITION
- Corruption: Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
This distinction is crucial because while all instances of bribery involve corruption, not all instances of corruption are bribery. For example, a politician who appoints unqualified family members to positions of power is engaging in nepotism (a form of corruption), but not necessarily bribery, unless there was an exchange of value for those appointments.
The company was investigated for widespread corruption, including instances of bribery and embezzlement.
§ Mistake 2: Misunderstanding the "Something of Value" Aspect
Many people assume that "something of value" in bribery strictly refers to money. However, this is a narrow interpretation. Bribery can involve a wide range of tangible and intangible benefits.
- Financial incentives: Cash, loans, preferential rates, kickbacks.
- Gifts: Expensive items, luxury travel, entertainment.
- Favors: Job offers, promotions, advantageous contracts.
- Information: Confidential data, insider tips.
The key is that the item or service exchanged has perceived value to the recipient and is offered to influence their actions. It doesn't have to be a direct financial transaction.
The official was accused of accepting lavish gifts as bribery for approving the controversial project.
§ Mistake 3: Overlooking the Intent to Influence
A crucial element of bribery is the intent to influence. Giving a gift to someone, even a public official, is not automatically bribery if there is no underlying intention to alter their official conduct. For example, a small token of appreciation for good service is generally not bribery. However, if that gift is intended to secure preferential treatment, it crosses the line.
- DEFINITION
- Intent: The purpose or aim of an action.
The legal determination of bribery often hinges on proving this intent, which can be challenging but is fundamental to the charge.
The prosecutor argued that the lavish dinner was a clear act of bribery, intended to sway the committee's decision.
§ Mistake 4: Confusing "Bribery" with "Extortion"
While both bribery and extortion are illegal and involve illicit gain, the direction of the initiation is different.
- DEFINITION
- Extortion: The practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats.
In bribery, the offer comes from the person seeking influence. In extortion, the person in a position of power demands something of value, often under threat, from another individual.
- Bribery: "I will give you X if you do Y for me." (Initiated by the briber)
- Extortion: "You will give me X, or I will do Y to you." (Initiated by the extorter)
The businessman was charged with bribery for offering money to the inspector, while the inspector was later investigated for extortion for demanding further payments.
§ Conclusion
Understanding the nuances of "bribery" goes beyond its basic definition. By being aware of its relationship with broader concepts like corruption, the diverse forms of "value" it can involve, the critical role of intent, and its distinction from extortion, you can use and comprehend this word with greater accuracy and confidence. This precision is essential in legal, ethical, and everyday discourse.
レベル別の例文
The politician was accused of bribery after accepting a large sum of money in exchange for political favors.
Politikacı, siyasi çıkarlar karşılığında büyük bir meblağ kabul ettikten sonra rüşvetle suçlandı.
Past passive voice is used to indicate that the politician was the recipient of the action.
The company faced severe penalties for engaging in bribery to secure lucrative government contracts.
Şirket, kârlı devlet sözleşmeleri almak için rüşvet vermekle ciddi cezalarla karşılaştı.
The gerund 'engaging' is used after the preposition 'for' to describe the company's action.
International laws are in place to combat bribery and promote fair business practices across borders.
Rüşvetle mücadele etmek ve sınırlar ötesinde adil iş uygulamalarını teşvik etmek için uluslararası yasalar yürürlüktedir.
The infinitive 'to combat' expresses purpose.
The scandal revealed a widespread network of bribery within the sports organization, leading to multiple arrests.
Skandal, spor organizasyonu içinde yaygın bir rüşvet ağını ortaya çıkardı ve birden fazla tutuklamaya yol açtı.
The past participle 'leading' introduces a participial phrase indicating a consequence.
Despite strict regulations, instances of bribery continue to plague various industries, particularly in developing nations.
Sıkı düzenlemelere rağmen, rüşvet olayları özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde çeşitli endüstrileri etkilemeye devam ediyor.
The phrase 'despite strict regulations' is a concessive clause indicating a contrast.
The whistleblower exposed a complex scheme of bribery involving high-ranking officials and corporate executives.
İhbarcı, üst düzey yetkililer ve şirket yöneticilerini içeren karmaşık bir rüşvet planını ortaya çıkardı.
The present participle 'involving' modifies 'scheme' and introduces a descriptive phrase.
Public awareness campaigns are crucial in educating citizens about the detrimental effects of bribery on society.
Halkı rüşvetin toplum üzerindeki zararlı etkileri hakkında eğitmek için kamuoyu bilinçlendirme kampanyaları çok önemlidir.
The gerund 'educating' functions as the object of the preposition 'in'.
The government launched an anti-bribery initiative, promising severe punishment for anyone caught participating in corrupt activities.
Hükümet, yolsuzluk faaliyetlerine katılırken yakalanan herkese ağır ceza vaat ederek rüşvetle mücadele girişimini başlattı.
The present participle 'promising' introduces a participial phrase indicating a simultaneous action and consequence.
The multi-million dollar bribery scandal rocked the nation's political establishment, leading to widespread public outrage and demands for accountability.
A 'scandal' refers to a public event involving morally or legally wrong behavior that causes public shock and disapproval. 'Rocked the establishment' means it severely disturbed or destabilized the existing power structure.
Past tense verb 'rocked' indicates a completed action in the past. 'Leading to' introduces a consequence of the preceding action.
He was implicated in a sophisticated bribery scheme, meticulously designed to bypass regulatory oversight and secure lucrative government contracts.
'Implicated' means shown to be involved in a crime or wrongdoing. A 'sophisticated scheme' implies a complex and cleverly devised plan. 'Lucrative' means highly profitable.
The passive voice 'was implicated' focuses on the person receiving the action. The past participle 'designed' acts as an adjective modifying 'scheme'.
The CEO's resignation came amidst allegations of systemic bribery within the company's international operations, casting a shadow over its ethical reputation.
'Amidst allegations' means during a period when accusations were being made. 'Systemic bribery' suggests that bribery was deeply ingrained in the company's practices. 'Casting a shadow' means to negatively affect the perception of something.
The phrase 'amidst allegations of' is a formal way to introduce the circumstances surrounding an event. 'Casting a shadow' is a participial phrase modifying 'resignation'.
Despite stringent anti-bribery legislation, instances of illicit payments continue to plague certain sectors, undermining fair competition and economic development.
'Stringent legislation' refers to very strict laws. 'Illicit payments' are illegal payments. 'Plague' means to cause persistent trouble or distress. 'Undermining' means to gradually weaken or damage.
The adverb 'despite' introduces a contrasting idea. The present tense 'continue to plague' indicates an ongoing situation. 'Undermining' is a present participle functioning as an adverbial phrase.
The whistleblower's testimony exposed a culture of bribery and impunity, where powerful individuals were shielded from prosecution for their corrupt acts.
A 'whistleblower' is someone who reports illegal or unethical activities within an organization. 'Impunity' means exemption from punishment. 'Shielded from prosecution' means protected from being legally charged.
'Exposed' is a past tense verb indicating what the testimony revealed. 'Where' introduces a relative clause describing the 'culture'.
Investigators uncovered a complex web of shell companies used to facilitate bribery payments, making it exceptionally difficult to trace the ultimate beneficiaries.
A 'web of shell companies' refers to a network of inactive companies used to disguise financial transactions. 'Facilitate' means to make an action or process easier. 'Ultimate beneficiaries' are the final recipients of the funds or advantages.
'Used to facilitate' describes the purpose of the shell companies. The present participle 'making' introduces a result clause.
The international community has intensified its efforts to combat bribery, recognizing its corrosive impact on governance, human rights, and global stability.
'Intensified its efforts' means to increase the strength or degree of efforts. 'Corrosive impact' refers to a severely damaging effect. 'Governance' relates to the act of governing.
The perfect tense 'has intensified' indicates an action that started in the past and continues to have relevance. 'Recognizing' is a present participle functioning as an adverbial phrase, explaining the reason for the intensified efforts.
Companies operating in high-risk jurisdictions often face the ethical dilemma of navigating local customs that blur the lines between customary gifts and outright bribery.
'High-risk jurisdictions' are areas where there is a greater likelihood of corruption or other challenges. An 'ethical dilemma' is a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action. 'Blur the lines' means to make the distinction between things less clear.
The present tense 'face' indicates a general truth or ongoing situation. 'Navigating' is a gerund acting as the object of the preposition 'of'. 'Outright bribery' emphasizes that it is undeniably bribery.
類義語
反対語
慣用句と表現
"Grease someone's palm"
To bribe someone.
He tried to grease the official's palm to get the permit approved quickly.
informal"Under the table"
Referring to an illegal or illicit payment, often a bribe, that is not officially recorded.
The contractor offered him some money under the table to secure the deal.
neutral"Sweeten the pot"
To make an offer more appealing, often by adding an incentive, which could be a form of bribery if done illicitly.
They tried to sweeten the pot with a significant financial offer to win the contract.
neutral"Golden handshake"
A large payment made to an employee on leaving a job, especially when they are forced to leave or retire early. While often legitimate, it can sometimes be used to secure silence or cooperation in unethical situations.
The departing CEO received a golden handshake worth millions.
neutral"Kickback"
A payment made to someone who has facilitated a transaction or appointment, often illegally or unethically.
The politician was accused of taking kickbacks from the construction company.
neutral"Pay-off"
A payment made to someone, often as a bribe, hush money, or a reward for a service, sometimes illicit.
The mob boss ordered a pay-off to keep the witness quiet.
neutral"Buy someone off"
To pay someone to stop them from doing something or to ensure their silence or cooperation, often illegally.
They tried to buy off the local residents to get their building project approved.
neutral"Hush money"
Money paid to someone to prevent them from revealing embarrassing or damaging information.
The celebrity paid hush money to prevent the story from being published.
neutral"Fingers in the till"
Engaged in stealing money, typically from one's employer or organization, which can be related to bribery if it involves illicit payments.
The audit revealed that several employees had their fingers in the till.
informal"Something for something"
A direct exchange, often implying a quid pro quo where one party gives something in return for something else, which can be a subtle form of bribery.
It was a classic 'something for something' deal, with favors exchanged for political support.
neutral語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
自分をテスト 18 問
This sentence describes a simple act that could be bribery.
This sentence states that bribery is bad.
This sentence describes receiving something for a favor.
The company faced severe penalties after it was discovered that they had engaged in widespread _______ to secure the lucrative government contract.
Bribery refers to the illegal act of offering something of value to influence actions, which fits the context of securing a contract through illicit means.
Despite strict regulations, instances of _______ still surface, undermining public trust in institutions.
Bribery is an illegal act that undermines trust, aligning with the idea that it 'surfaces' despite regulations.
The journalist uncovered a complex web of _______ involving high-ranking officials and international corporations.
A 'complex web' involving officials and corporations suggests illicit dealings, making bribery the most appropriate choice.
Bribery is always considered a legal and ethical way to gain an advantage in business negotiations.
Bribery is defined as an *illegal* act and is associated with corruption, making it neither legal nor ethical.
The act of bribery specifically involves offering or receiving something of value to influence someone in a position of trust.
The definition explicitly states that bribery involves offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence actions of an individual in a position of trust.
Bribery is a practice commonly associated with enhancing transparency and fairness in legal and political matters.
Bribery is commonly associated with *corruption* and used to gain an *unfair* advantage, which is the opposite of enhancing transparency and fairness.
Imagine you are a journalist investigating a case of alleged bribery within a large corporation. Write a short news report outlining the accusations, the potential impact on the company's reputation, and what steps might be taken to address such corruption. Use the word 'bribery' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
In a developing story, Acme Corp. is facing serious allegations of bribery, with sources claiming high-ranking executives offered illicit payments to secure a lucrative government contract. This scandal could severely damage the company's public image and investor confidence. The board is expected to launch an internal investigation, and legal experts suggest implementing stricter ethical guidelines and independent audits to combat such corruption.
You are preparing for a debate on the effectiveness of anti-bribery laws. Write a paragraph arguing for the importance of strict penalties and robust enforcement to deter acts of bribery. Make sure to clearly state your position.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
It is imperative that anti-bribery laws are not only comprehensive but also backed by strict penalties and robust enforcement mechanisms. Without a credible threat of severe repercussions, individuals and corporations may be emboldened to engage in bribery, undermining fair competition and public trust. Only through unwavering commitment to justice and the consistent application of legal consequences can we effectively deter this pervasive form of corruption.
Write a short email to a new employee explaining the company's zero-tolerance policy on bribery and outlining what they should do if they encounter a situation that seems like bribery. Focus on clarity and directness.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Subject: Important: Our Zero-Tolerance Policy on Bribery Dear [New Employee Name], Welcome to the team! I wanted to draw your attention to our company's strict zero-tolerance policy on bribery. We are committed to conducting business with the highest ethical standards, and any act of bribery is strictly prohibited. If you ever encounter a situation where you suspect bribery, or feel pressured into such an act, please report it immediately to your manager or the HR department. Your adherence to these principles is crucial for maintaining our integrity. Best regards, [Your Name]
According to the passage, what is a key factor that can impede the progress of anti-bribery efforts in developing nations?
Read this passage:
In many developing nations, the issue of bribery remains a significant obstacle to economic growth and good governance. International organizations often provide aid and support to help these countries strengthen their legal frameworks and implement anti-corruption measures. However, overcoming deeply entrenched practices of bribery requires not just legal reforms but also a cultural shift towards greater transparency and accountability. The lack of political will can often hinder progress, even with external assistance.
According to the passage, what is a key factor that can impede the progress of anti-bribery efforts in developing nations?
The passage explicitly states, 'The lack of political will can often hinder progress, even with external assistance,' indicating it as a key impediment.
The passage explicitly states, 'The lack of political will can often hinder progress, even with external assistance,' indicating it as a key impediment.
What is a recurring theme in the history of bribery, as described in the passage?
Read this passage:
The historical context of bribery reveals that it is not a new phenomenon, but rather a practice that has evolved alongside human civilization. From ancient empires where gifts were often expected to secure favors, to modern corporate environments where complex schemes of illicit payments are used, the underlying motivation often remains the same: to gain an unfair advantage. Understanding this history can provide insights into current anti-bribery strategies and their potential effectiveness.
What is a recurring theme in the history of bribery, as described in the passage?
The passage states, 'the underlying motivation often remains the same: to gain an unfair advantage,' highlighting this as a constant factor throughout history.
The passage states, 'the underlying motivation often remains the same: to gain an unfair advantage,' highlighting this as a constant factor throughout history.
What are some long-term consequences for companies involved in bribery, according to the study?
Read this passage:
A recent study on the economic impact of bribery in the manufacturing sector revealed staggering figures. Companies involved in bribery often experience short-term gains but suffer long-term consequences, including reputational damage, legal penalties, and decreased investor confidence. Furthermore, bribery distorts market competition, stifles innovation, and ultimately harms the overall economy by diverting resources from productive activities to illicit ones. The study concluded that eliminating bribery could unlock significant economic potential.
What are some long-term consequences for companies involved in bribery, according to the study?
The passage directly lists 'reputational damage, legal penalties, and decreased investor confidence' as long-term consequences for companies involved in bribery.
The passage directly lists 'reputational damage, legal penalties, and decreased investor confidence' as long-term consequences for companies involved in bribery.
/ 18 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Bribery is an illegal act of influence through illicit exchanges, often leading to corruption and unfair advantages.
- Illegal giving/taking for influence
- Associated with corruption
- Used for unfair advantage
例文
The traffic officer was fired after being caught on camera accepting a small amount of bribery from a driver.
関連コンテンツ
Lawの関連語
abfinor
C1「abfinor」とは、法的紛争や金銭的義務の、絶対的かつ最終的な解決または完了を意味します。
abfortious
C1主張をさらに強い証拠で補強することを「abfortious」と言います。議論をより説得力のあるものにする感じです。
abide
C1ルールや決定に従うこと。また、人や状況を我慢して受け入れるという意味でも使われるよ。
abjugcy
C1くびき、重荷、または隷属の状態から解放される状態または行為。
abolished
B2「abolished」は、古い法律や慣習などが正式に廃止されたことを意味します。
abrogate
C1法律や条約などを正式に廃止すること。効力をなくすという意味で使われます。
abscond
C1急いでこっそり逃げること。特に、何か悪いことをして捕まるのを避けるために使います。
absolve
C1To formally declare someone free from guilt, obligation, or punishment, especially after a legal proceeding or a religious confession. It suggests a complete release from the consequences or blame associated with an action.
accomplice
C1An accomplice is a person who helps someone else commit a crime or a dishonest act. This individual is legally or morally responsible for their involvement, even if they were not the primary person performing the act.
accord
C1当事者間の正式な合意や条約。物事が調和している状態や一致していることも指します。
