bum
As a verb, to bum means to obtain something from another person without paying for it, often through begging or casual borrowing. It can also describe the act of wandering or spending time idly without a specific purpose or goal.
bum 30秒で
- Verb 'bum': get things for free or wander aimlessly.
- Informal: used for small favors or casual leisure.
- Meaning 1: obtain without payment (e.g., bum a cigarette).
- Meaning 2: wander idly (e.g., bum around town).
The word "bum" as a verb carries a couple of distinct meanings, often implying a lack of formal employment or a casual, sometimes less-than-ideal, way of obtaining things. One primary meaning is to obtain something from another person without paying for it. This can range from a casual request for a cigarette or a small sum of money to a more persistent form of begging. It suggests an expectation or a reliance on others for resources, often without offering anything substantial in return. For instance, someone might ask to "bum a cigarette" from a friend, meaning they want one for free. In a more negative context, it can describe someone who lives off others or relies on handouts. This usage often carries a connotation of idleness or a lack of ambition, suggesting someone who doesn't contribute conventionally to society or their own well-being.
Another significant meaning of "to bum" is to wander or spend time idly without a specific purpose or goal. This implies a lack of direction or a deliberate choice to drift rather than engage in structured activities. Someone who is "bumming around" might be traveling without a fixed itinerary, or simply spending their days without a job or significant responsibilities. This can be a temporary state, like a student on summer break, or a more permanent lifestyle. The phrase "bumming around" often suggests a relaxed, unhurried pace of life, though it can sometimes be associated with a lack of productivity or a feeling of being lost. The context is crucial in determining which meaning is intended. If someone says they "bummed a ride" to the store, they likely got a lift from someone without paying. If they say they've been "bumming around the city" for weeks, it suggests they've been wandering aimlessly.
- Key Meanings
- To obtain something without paying, often through begging or casual borrowing.
- To wander or spend time idly without a specific purpose or goal.
I had to bum a cigarette from a stranger because I forgot mine.
He spent the summer bumming around Europe with no real plan.
- Connotation
- Often carries a connotation of informality, idleness, or a casual reliance on others.
Understanding the context is key. When someone asks to "bum a dollar," they're likely asking for a small, informal loan or a gift. If a person is described as a "bum," it usually means they are habitually unemployed and perhaps live a life of idleness or begging. The word can be pejorative, implying a lack of responsibility or contribution. However, in phrases like "bumming around," it can simply describe a state of leisurely wandering or enjoying free time without a strict agenda.
- Usage Scenarios
- Requesting small items or favors informally (e.g., "bum a cigarette," "bum a ride").
- Describing someone who is habitually unemployed or lives idly.
- Describing a period of aimless wandering or leisure.
Using "bum" as a verb effectively requires understanding its informal nature and the nuances of its two main meanings: obtaining something without payment, or spending time idly. When referring to obtaining something, it's usually for small, common items or favors. For instance, you might ask a friend, "Can I bum a pen?" This is a casual way of asking to borrow one, implying you'll likely return it or that it's not a big deal if you don't. Similarly, "bumming a ride" means asking someone for transportation without offering to pay. It's important to note that this usage is typically reserved for situations where the relationship is friendly or the request is very minor. You wouldn't typically "bum" a car or a large sum of money; those situations would require more formal requests.
The second meaning, to spend time idly or wander, is often expressed with phrases like "bumming around." This can describe a period of relaxation or a lack of immediate responsibilities. A student on break might say, "I'm just going to bum around the house this weekend," meaning they plan to relax and do nothing in particular. Travelers might "bum around Southeast Asia" for a few months, indicating a leisurely, unplanned journey. This usage can sometimes carry a slight negative connotation, suggesting a lack of purpose, but it can also simply describe a state of carefree leisure. It's important to consider the tone and context. If someone says, "He's been bumming since he lost his job," it leans more towards the negative aspect of idleness and lack of direction.
Could I bum a charger from you for a bit?
They decided to bum around the coast for the summer.
- Sentence Structures
- Subject + bum + object (for things): "I'll bum a coffee."
- Subject + bum + prepositional phrase (for location/activity): "He likes to bum around town."
- Subject + bum + gerund (for actions): "We spent the day bumming by the beach."
When using "bum" to mean obtaining something, it's common to specify what is being obtained. For example, "Can I bum a cigarette?" or "He managed to bum a ride to the festival." The implication is that the item or favor is given freely. For the meaning of idleness, the phrase "bumming around" is very common. "After graduation, she planned to bum around for a year before starting a career." This clearly indicates a period of unstructured time. It's also possible to use "bum" as a noun, referring to a person who lives idly, often without a home or job, but this is a separate usage from the verb. As a verb, it's about the action of obtaining informally or of wandering.
The verb "bum" is most commonly encountered in informal everyday conversations, particularly among younger generations or in casual social settings. You'll frequently hear it when people are talking about borrowing small items without the formality of a proper loan. For example, a student might ask a classmate, "Hey, can I bum a pen? I forgot mine." This is a very common scenario in schools and universities. Similarly, in social gatherings, someone might say, "Does anyone have a lighter I can bum?" referring to a cigarette lighter. This usage highlights the word's role in facilitating small, casual exchanges between friends or acquaintances.
The other primary meaning, to wander or spend time idly, is also prevalent in informal speech, often describing periods of leisure or a lack of structured activity. You might hear someone say, "I spent my gap year just bumming around Europe," indicating a period of travel without a strict itinerary. Friends might discuss plans by saying, "Let's just bum around the park this afternoon" – meaning they intend to relax and enjoy the outdoors without a specific agenda. This usage is common when people are talking about holidays, vacations, or periods between jobs. It suggests a carefree, unhurried approach to time.
"Can I bum a cigarette?" is a frequent request at outdoor events.
Young people often talk about bumming around town on weekends.
- Common Settings
- Informal conversations between friends and peers.
- Discussions about leisure time, travel, or periods between commitments.
- Casual requests for small items or favors.
While the verb "bum" itself is informal, the concept it represents is widespread. You might hear it in movies or TV shows depicting realistic social interactions, especially those involving characters who are younger, more laid-back, or in less formal professions. It's less likely to appear in formal academic writing, business meetings, or news reports, where more precise or formal vocabulary would be preferred. However, in discussions about social trends, unemployment, or youth culture, the term might be used, often with a descriptive intent rather than as a formal linguistic term. The phrase "bumming a smoke" is particularly common in casual settings where smoking is prevalent.
One of the most common mistakes when using the verb "bum" is applying it in formal situations. Because "bum" is inherently informal, using it in professional emails, academic essays, or during a job interview would be inappropriate and could make the speaker or writer appear unprofessional or immature. For example, saying "I need to bum a stapler from the office supply closet" is perfectly fine among colleagues, but saying "I will bum a ride to the conference" to your boss would be a mistake. The context dictates the appropriateness of this word.
Another mistake is confusing the verb "bum" with its noun form, "bum," which refers to a person who is habitually unemployed and often lives idly or by begging. While related, they are different parts of speech with slightly different connotations. For instance, saying "He is going to bum around the city" is correct if you mean he will wander aimlessly. However, saying "He is going to bum the city" might be misinterpreted as him begging or being a vagrant in the city, which isn't the intended meaning of the verb in this context. The verb implies an action, while the noun often describes a state of being or a type of person.
Mistake: "I need to bum a new laptop from the IT department." (Too formal an item for "bum")
Correct: "I need to request a new laptop from the IT department."
- Common Errors
- Using "bum" in formal or professional settings.
- Confusing the verb "bum" with the noun "bum" (a person).
- Overusing "bum" for items or favors that are too significant or require a more formal request.
Another potential pitfall is misinterpreting the intensity of the word. While "bumming a cigarette" is a casual request, using "bum" to describe obtaining something more substantial or valuable without permission could be seen as theft or deceit, rather than a simple informal borrowing. Similarly, describing someone as "bumming around" can be a neutral descriptor of leisure, but if used with a critical tone, it can imply laziness or a lack of ambition. It's important to be mindful of the connotations and the potential for the word to be perceived negatively depending on the context and the speaker's intent. Always consider if a more neutral or formal term would be more appropriate for the situation.
When "bum" is used to mean obtaining something without paying, several alternatives exist, each with slightly different connotations. The most direct synonym is often "borrow," though "bum" implies a much more casual and less formal borrowing, often without the expectation of immediate return or even a clear agreement. For example, instead of "Can I bum a pen?", you could say "Can I borrow a pen?" This is more neutral. If the request is for something like a cigarette or a small amount of money, "ask for" or "get" can also be used, but they lack the specific informal flavor of "bum." "Can I get a cigarette?" is common. If the act is more persistent or involves begging, words like "beg" or "mooch" are more appropriate, though "mooch" also carries a strong sense of informal, often repeated, borrowing.
For the meaning of spending time idly or wandering, "bumming around" has several alternatives. "Wander" is a good general substitute, suggesting movement without a fixed destination. "Roam" implies a more extensive and perhaps aimless journey. "Drift" suggests a lack of direction and purpose. "Loaf" or "laze around" describe a more relaxed, idle state, focusing on leisure rather than movement. For instance, instead of "He spent the summer bumming around," you could say "He spent the summer wandering" or "He spent the summer loafing." If the idleness is a result of unemployment, words like "unemployed," "jobless," or "idle" might be used, but these focus on the lack of work rather than the activity itself.
- Synonyms for Obtaining Informally
- Borrow: More formal, implies a clearer expectation of return.
- Mooch: Similar informality, often implies repeated or persistent borrowing.
- Ask for: General term, less specific about the informal nature.
- Synonyms for Wandering/Idling
- Wander: General term for moving without a specific destination.
- Roam: Suggests covering a wide area, often aimlessly.
- Drift: Implies a lack of purpose or control.
- Loaf: Focuses on idle leisure and relaxation.
It's important to choose the alternative that best fits the specific context and the desired level of formality. If you want to convey a very casual, almost freebie-like acquisition of something small, "bum" is perfect. If you need to be more formal or precise, "borrow" or "request" would be better. Similarly, when describing aimless time, "wander" or "drift" might be more descriptive than "bum around," depending on whether you want to emphasize movement or lack of purpose. The choice of word can significantly alter the tone and perception of the action being described.
How Formal Is It?
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豆知識
The phrase 'bum out,' meaning to disappoint or depress someone, became popular in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly within youth culture. It's a good example of how the meaning of 'bum' has evolved and spawned related expressions.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the vowel sound incorrectly, such as making it too long or like the 'oo' in 'boom'.
- Adding an extra syllable or sound.
- Misplacing stress if it were part of a longer phrase, though for this single-syllable word, stress is inherent.
難易度
The word 'bum' is relatively easy to understand in context, especially when used for common requests like 'bum a cigarette' or 'bum a ride'. Its informal nature means it appears frequently in casual reading materials, dialogue in fiction, and social media. However, recognizing the nuances between its different meanings (obtaining freely vs. wandering idly) and understanding its potential negative connotations requires a slightly higher level of comprehension.
Using 'bum' correctly in writing requires careful attention to register. It's appropriate for informal contexts like personal emails, blog posts, or creative writing depicting casual conversation. However, using it in formal academic or professional writing would be a mistake. Learners need to distinguish when its informal nature is suitable and when a more neutral term like 'borrow' or 'wander' is required.
This word is very common in spoken English, particularly in informal settings. Learners can easily pick it up from native speakers in casual conversations. The pronunciation is straightforward. The main challenge is using it appropriately and avoiding its use in formal situations.
As 'bum' is frequently used in informal spoken English, learners will likely encounter it often. The pronunciation is simple, and the context usually makes the meaning clear, whether it's a request for an item or a description of aimless activity.
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知っておくべき文法
Using Gerunds after Prepositions
She spent the day bumming on the beach. ('bumming' is a gerund used after the preposition 'on').
Modal Verbs for Requests
Can I bum a pen? / Could I bum a charger? (Using 'can' and 'could' for informal and polite requests respectively).
Present Perfect Continuous for Ongoing Actions
He's been bumming around Europe for six months. (Indicates an action that started in the past and continues to the present).
Idiomatic Phrasal Verbs
That news will really bum you out. ('bum out' functions as a phrasal verb with a specific idiomatic meaning).
Verb + Object + Prepositional Phrase
He managed to bum a ride to the festival. (Verb + Object + Prepositional Phrase indicating destination).
レベル別の例文
Can I bum a pen?
Can I borrow a pen?
Simple present tense, informal request.
I need to bum a ride.
I need to get a ride.
Modal verb 'need to' + verb 'bum' + noun phrase.
Let's bum around today.
Let's relax and do nothing today.
Imperative verb 'let's' + verb 'bum' + adverb 'around'.
He likes to bum cigarettes.
He likes to ask for cigarettes.
Present simple tense, third person singular.
She will bum a soda.
She will get a soda for free.
Future tense with 'will'.
Can you bum me a dollar?
Can you give me a dollar?
Question form with 'can you'.
They are bumming a lift.
They are getting a free ride.
Present continuous tense.
We just bummed around the beach.
We relaxed on the beach without doing much.
Past simple tense.
Could I bum a charger off you?
Could I borrow a charger from you?
Polite request using 'Could I'.
He spent the weekend bumming around town.
He spent the weekend wandering aimlessly in town.
Past simple tense with 'bumming around'.
She managed to bum a ticket to the concert.
She managed to get a free ticket to the concert.
Past simple tense with 'managed to'.
Don't just bum your time away!
Don't just waste your time doing nothing!
Imperative negative with 'Don't'.
They decided to bum a ride to the next city.
They decided to get a free ride to the next city.
Past simple tense with 'decided to'.
I'll bum a coffee from the cafe.
I'll get a coffee from the cafe without paying.
Future intention with 'I'll'.
He was bumming around the house all day.
He was relaxing at home all day without doing much.
Past continuous tense with 'bumming around'.
Can I bum a cigarette from you?
Can I ask you for a cigarette?
Informal request using 'Can I'.
He's been bumming around the country since he lost his job.
He has been traveling aimlessly across the country since he became unemployed.
Present perfect continuous tense, indicating an ongoing action.
Could you possibly bum me a pen? Mine seems to have run out of ink.
Would it be possible for you to lend me a pen? Mine appears to be out of ink.
Polite request using 'Could you possibly'.
They spent their summer vacation bumming on the beach.
They spent their summer vacation relaxing idly on the beach.
Past simple tense with 'bumming on'.
I don't want to bum you out, but the party's cancelled.
I don't want to make you sad/disappointed, but the party has been cancelled.
Idiomatic use: 'bum out' means to depress or disappoint.
He's always trying to bum a smoke off someone.
He is constantly trying to get a cigarette from someone without paying.
Present simple tense with adverb 'always'.
We decided to bum a ride to the festival instead of taking the bus.
We decided to get a free ride to the festival instead of using public transport.
Past simple tense with 'decided to'.
She's been bumming around the city, looking for inspiration.
She has been wandering around the city, seeking creative ideas.
Present perfect continuous tense, indicating an ongoing search.
Can I bum a few minutes of your time?
Can I take a few minutes of your time?
Informal request for a short period of attention.
He's been bumming around Europe for six months, living on a shoestring budget.
He has been traveling aimlessly through Europe for six months, spending very little money.
Present perfect continuous tense, emphasizing duration and a specific lifestyle.
I really don't want to bum you out, but your proposal has been rejected.
I truly do not wish to make you feel disappointed or sad, but your proposal has been turned down.
Idiomatic use: 'bum you out' implies causing sadness or disappointment. Formal tone for delivering bad news.
She managed to bum a place to stay for the night from a friend.
She succeeded in obtaining accommodation for the night from a friend without paying.
Past simple tense with 'managed to' indicating successful informal acquisition.
They spent their gap year bumming around the coast, exploring small towns.
They spent their year between studies and work traveling casually along the coast, discovering small villages.
Past simple tense with 'bumming around' describing a period of exploration.
He has a tendency to bum cigarettes whenever he runs out.
He habitually asks for cigarettes when he has no more of his own.
Present simple tense with 'tendency to' indicating a habitual action.
We decided to bum a ride with some fellow travelers to the next destination.
We chose to accept a free lift from other travelers to our next stop.
Past simple tense with 'decided to' and 'bum a ride' for informal transportation.
She's been bumming around the university campus, trying to figure out her major.
She has been wandering around the university campus without a fixed purpose, trying to decide on her field of study.
Present perfect continuous tense, indicating an ongoing process of exploration and decision-making.
Could I bum a quick moment of your attention? I have an urgent question.
Could I briefly have your attention? I need to ask something important.
Polite request for a short duration of time or attention.
After a series of setbacks, he found himself bumming around the city with no prospects.
Following numerous difficulties, he ended up wandering aimlessly through the city without any job opportunities.
Past simple tense, describing a state of idleness and lack of direction due to negative circumstances.
I hope this doesn't bum you out, but the funding for your project has been cut.
I trust this will not cause you distress or disappointment, but the financial support for your project has been terminated.
Idiomatic use: 'bum you out' used in a more formal context to soften the delivery of bad news.
She managed to bum a spot at the exclusive event through a series of clever connections.
She successfully obtained entry to the exclusive event by leveraging a network of acquaintances.
Past simple tense with 'managed to' and 'bum a spot', implying a slightly unconventional but successful acquisition.
They dedicated their post-graduation year to bumming around South America, immersing themselves in local cultures.
They allocated their year after graduation to traveling casually throughout South America, fully engaging with the local ways of life.
Past simple tense with 'bumming around' to describe a deliberate period of cultural exploration.
His constant need to bum a drink whenever we go out is becoming quite tiresome.
His persistent habit of asking for a free drink every time we socialize is starting to become rather annoying.
Present simple tense with 'constant need to' to highlight a recurring and bothersome behavior.
Instead of renting a car, we decided to bum rides from locals whenever possible.
Rather than hiring a vehicle, we opted to accept free transportation from residents whenever the opportunity arose.
Past simple tense with 'decided to' and 'bum rides' to describe an unconventional and cost-saving travel strategy.
She's been bumming around the university library, ostensibly researching but mostly procrastinating.
She has been spending time idly in the university library, seemingly for research purposes but primarily engaging in delaying tactics.
Present perfect continuous tense, with an adverb ('ostensibly') to suggest a potential discrepancy between appearance and reality.
Could I possibly bum a few minutes of your time to discuss this critical issue?
Would it be permissible for me to request a brief period of your attention to deliberate on this crucial matter?
Highly polite request for a short duration, suitable for serious discussions.
Following a series of unfortunate events, he found himself adrift, bumming around the fringes of society.
After a sequence of adverse occurrences, he became directionless, existing on the margins of conventional social structures.
Past simple tense, using "bumming around the fringes" to describe a state of marginal existence and idleness.
I hesitate to bum you out with this news, but the entire project has been abruptly shelved.
I am reluctant to cause you distress or disappointment with this information, but the project has been unexpectedly discontinued.
Idiomatic use: 'bum you out' used with a high degree of formality and empathy to convey significant bad news.
She artfully managed to bum a coveted invitation to the gala through sheer persistence and charm.
She skillfully succeeded in acquiring a highly sought-after invitation to the celebratory event through unwavering determination and captivating personality.
Past simple tense, 'managed to bum a coveted invitation' implies a sophisticated and successful acquisition through non-traditional means.
Their post-graduate 'sabbatical' was, in essence, a year of bumming around the globe, seeking experiences rather than employment.
Their period of leave after graduation was, in reality, a year of casual, unstructured travel worldwide, in pursuit of experiences over career opportunities.
Past simple tense, 'bumming around the globe' used to describe a deliberate and extensive period of experiential travel.
His incorrigible habit of bumming a drink from anyone willing to offer it paints a rather unflattering portrait.
His unchangeable tendency to solicit a free beverage from any individual prepared to provide one creates a notably unfavorable impression.
Present simple tense, 'incorrigible habit of bumming a drink' implies a deeply ingrained and negative behavior.
Rather than incurring the expense of car hire, they opted to bum rides with fellow backpackers, fostering a sense of camaraderie.
Instead of incurring the cost of renting a vehicle, they chose to accept free transportation from fellow travelers, thereby cultivating a spirit of fellowship.
Past simple tense, 'bum rides' used to describe a practical and socially interactive form of informal transportation.
She spent her sabbatical bumming around academic circles, ostensibly for research, but primarily to escape the pressures of her previous role.
During her leave of absence, she spent her time idly engaging with academic communities, ostensibly for research purposes, but predominantly to evade the stresses of her prior position.
Present perfect continuous tense, 'bumming around academic circles' suggests a passive engagement with a specific environment, with an implied underlying motive.
Might I trouble you for a brief moment of your time to discuss a matter of some urgency?
Would it be an imposition to request a short period of your attention to confer about an issue of considerable importance?
Highly formal and polite request for a short duration, suitable for critical discussions in a professional or academic setting.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
bum a cigarette
bum a ride
bum around
bum a pen
bum a dollar
bum a smoke
bum some time
bum out (someone)
bumming it
bum a meal
よく混同される語
Sounds similar but has very different meanings. 'Bomb' can refer to an explosive device, a failure (e.g., a movie bombed), or to perform very well (e.g., he bombed on stage, meaning he performed exceptionally).
Sounds similar but is a body part. 'Thumb' is used in phrases like 'give a thumbs up' or 'thumb through a book'.
The noun 'bum' refers to a lazy or idle person, often homeless. While related in concept, the verb 'bum' is about the action of obtaining or wandering, not necessarily the state of being a 'bum'.
慣用句と表現
"bum out"
To make someone feel sad, depressed, or disappointed. It's often used when delivering bad news or discussing something negative.
I don't want to bum you out, but the concert has been cancelled.
Informal"bum a smoke"
A very common, informal way to ask someone for a cigarette.
He approached a stranger and asked, 'Excuse me, can I bum a smoke?'
Informal, slang"bum a ride"
To ask for and receive transportation from someone without paying.
We were stuck in the middle of nowhere, so we had to bum a ride.
Informal"bumming around"
Spending time in a relaxed, idle, or aimless way, often without a specific plan or purpose.
They spent their gap year just bumming around Europe.
Informal"bum a dollar"
A casual request for a small amount of money, typically a dollar, often implying it's for something minor like bus fare.
Can you bum me a dollar? I need to call home.
Informal"bum a meal"
To obtain a meal from someone without paying for it, often through informal borrowing or begging.
He's notorious for bumming meals from his friends.
Informal"bum a pen"
A very casual way to ask to borrow a pen, implying it's a small, insignificant item.
I forgot my pen, can I bum one?
Informal"bumming it"
Living an idle or unproductive life, often without a job or clear direction.
He's been bumming it since he dropped out of college.
Informal, sometimes pejorative"bum a drink"
To ask someone for a free drink, typically in a social setting.
He always manages to bum a drink from the bartender.
Informal"bum a cigarette"
Synonymous with 'bum a smoke'.
Could I bum a cigarette?
Informal間違えやすい
Both 'bum' and 'borrow' can refer to taking something temporarily. 'Bum' is much more informal and often implies not returning it or not paying.
'Borrow' implies a more formal agreement and the expectation of returning the item. 'Bum' is casual, often for small items, and the return is not always expected. For example, 'Can I borrow your pen?' is neutral; 'Can I bum a pen?' is very casual.
I need to borrow a book from the library (formal). Can I bum a cigarette? (informal).
Both 'bum' and 'mooch' mean to get things from others without paying, often repeatedly. 'Mooch' can sometimes imply a more persistent or annoying habit.
'Bum' can be a one-off request or a general description of idleness. 'Mooch' often suggests a more habitual and perhaps less subtle way of getting things. Someone might 'bum' a cigarette once, but 'mooching' off friends for money implies a pattern of behavior.
He likes to bum rides (casual, may be infrequent). He's always mooching off his parents (habitual, implies dependence).
Both 'bum around' and 'wander' describe moving without a specific destination. 'Bum around' often carries a stronger sense of idleness or leisure.
'Wander' is a general term for moving aimlessly. 'Bum around' specifically implies doing so in a relaxed, often unproductive, way. 'Wandering through the woods' could be exploration, while 'bumming around the woods' suggests doing so without purpose or activity.
The tourists wandered through the museum (exploring). They spent the afternoon bumming around the park (relaxing idly).
Both 'bum around' and 'loaf' describe idleness and relaxation.
'Loaf' specifically emphasizes inactivity and leisure, often implying laziness. 'Bum around' can include movement (wandering) as part of the idleness. 'Loafing' is more about being stationary and doing nothing, while 'bumming around' can involve moving about without purpose.
He likes to loaf on the sofa all day (stationary idleness). They bummed around the city, looking for things to do (moving idleness).
When 'bum' means to ask for something without paying, it can overlap with 'beg', especially if the request is persistent or for necessities.
'Beg' implies a more desperate or earnest plea, often for essentials like food or money, and usually carries a negative or pitiable connotation. 'Bum' is much more casual and often used for smaller, non-essential items or favors. You 'bum' a cigarette, but you 'beg' for food when starving.
He had to beg for help after the accident. Can I bum a pen? (casual request).
文型パターン
bum + noun
Can I bum a pen?
bum + around
Let's bum around.
bum + noun + from + person
Can I bum a cigarette from you?
bum + around + location
He likes to bum around town.
bum + out + pronoun/noun
That will bum me out.
bum + noun + prepositional phrase
She bummed a ride to the station.
bum + gerund
They spent the summer bumming it.
tendency to + bum
He has a tendency to bum drinks.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Common in informal spoken English.
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Using 'bum' in formal writing or speech.
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Use 'borrow', 'request', 'obtain', 'wander', or 'idle' instead.
The word 'bum' is highly informal. Using it in professional emails, academic essays, or formal presentations would be inappropriate and could make you seem unprofessional or immature. Stick to neutral or formal vocabulary in such contexts.
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Confusing the verb 'bum' with the noun 'bum'.
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Verb: 'He likes to bum around.' Noun: 'He lives like a bum.'
The verb 'bum' refers to the action of obtaining freely or wandering idly. The noun 'bum' refers to a person who is lazy or lives idly. While related, they are distinct parts of speech with different grammatical functions and connotations.
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Using 'bum' for significant items or favors.
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Use 'borrow', 'request', 'purchase', or 'ask for' for more important things.
'Bum' is typically used for small, inexpensive items or minor favors (e.g., a cigarette, a pen, a dollar). Using it for larger items or significant favors might sound inappropriate or even imply dishonesty.
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Overusing 'bum' when a more specific verb exists.
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Use 'wander', 'roam', 'drift', 'relax', 'loiter' depending on the specific nuance.
While 'bum around' covers general idleness, more specific verbs can provide clearer descriptions. 'Wander' implies movement without purpose, 'loaf' implies stationary relaxation, and 'loiter' suggests lingering without clear reason.
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Using 'bum out' inappropriately.
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Use 'bum out' only when referring to causing sadness, disappointment, or depression.
The idiom 'bum out' has a specific meaning related to negative emotions. It should not be used to describe general inconvenience or mild annoyance. For example, 'The traffic bummed me out' is acceptable, but 'The slight delay bummed me out' might be an overstatement.
ヒント
Two Main Meanings
Remember the two core meanings: 1) To get something for free (like 'bum a cigarette' or 'bum a ride'). 2) To wander or spend time idly (like 'bumming around'). The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.
Alternatives for Formality
If you need a more formal alternative, consider 'borrow' for temporary use, 'ask for' for general requests, or 'wander'/'roam' for aimless movement. These words are more neutral and suitable for a wider range of contexts.
Watch Out for 'Bum Out'
The idiom 'bum out' means to make someone feel sad or disappointed. It's a common informal expression, but be aware that it carries a negative emotional connotation.
Writing Appropriately
In writing, use 'bum' sparingly and only in informal contexts like personal emails, diaries, or fiction dialogue. For essays or professional reports, avoid it entirely and choose more precise vocabulary.
Simple Pronunciation
The word 'bum' is monosyllabic and pronounced /bʌm/. The vowel sound is short, like in 'cup'. Focus on clear articulation of the 'b', short 'u', and 'm' sounds.
Potential Negative Connotation
While 'bum a cigarette' is common, the word 'bum' (especially as a noun) can be derogatory, implying laziness or lack of ambition. Be mindful of this potential negative connotation when using the word, particularly when referring to people's lifestyles.
Active Usage
To master 'bum', try using it in practice sentences or even in casual conversation (where appropriate). For example, 'Can I bum a pen?' or 'I'm just bumming around today.' Active recall is key to retention.
Word Family
Be aware of related words like 'bummer' (something disappointing) and the noun 'bum' (an idle person). Understanding these connections can help you grasp the nuances of the word family.
Cultural Nuance
The word reflects a cultural acceptance of informal requests and periods of leisure in certain contexts. It's a part of the casual lexicon in many English-speaking societies, particularly in North America.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine someone 'bumming' a cigarette. They are holding their hand out, looking a bit down and out, like a 'bum' (noun). They are asking for something for free, hence the verb 'to bum'. Or, picture yourself 'bumming around' a city park, doing absolutely nothing productive – just lounging like a carefree 'bum'.
視覚的連想
Visualize a person lying on a park bench, lazily tossing a cigarette butt, clearly 'bumming around' and perhaps having just 'bummed' a smoke. This image connects both verb meanings.
Word Web
チャレンジ
For the next week, consciously try to use 'bum' in your internal monologue or practice sentences at least once a day. If you ask to borrow something small, think 'Can I bum this?' If you're relaxing without plans, think 'I'm just bumming around.' This active recall will solidify the word's usage.
語源
The word 'bum' as a verb likely emerged in the United States in the mid-19th century. Its origins are somewhat obscure, but it is thought to be related to the older noun 'bum,' which referred to a vagrant or homeless person.
元の意味： The noun 'bum' originally referred to a person who lived idly, often begging or living off others. The verb form likely developed from this noun, describing the actions associated with such a person.
English (Germanic)文化的な背景
While 'bum a cigarette' or 'bum a ride' are generally harmless informal requests, the word 'bum' can be offensive if used to describe someone's character negatively, especially as a noun. It can imply laziness, lack of ambition, or dependence. It's best to use it cautiously when referring to people's lifestyles and avoid it in formal contexts.
In English-speaking cultures, particularly North America, 'bum' as a verb is very common in informal speech. It's used for small, casual requests ('bum a cigarette,' 'bum a ride') and for describing periods of leisure or aimless activity ('bumming around'). The related noun 'bum' (a vagrant or lazy person) carries a stronger negative connotation.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Asking for small items among friends or acquaintances.
- Can I bum a pen?
- Could I bum a charger?
- Do you have a light I can bum?
Getting informal transportation.
- Can I bum a ride?
- He bummed a ride to the city.
- We bummed a lift from a traveler.
Describing periods of leisure or aimless activity.
- Bumming around the house.
- Spent the summer bumming around.
- Just bumming it.
Making casual requests for small amounts of money.
- Can you bum me a dollar?
- I need to bum a few bucks.
- He bummed some change for the bus.
Expressing disappointment or sadness (idiomatic use).
- Don't let it bum you out.
- That news bummed me out.
- It's a real bummer.
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever had to 'bum' something from a stranger? What was it?"
"What's the most interesting place you've 'bummed around' in?"
"Do you think 'bumming around' is a good way to spend your free time, or should people always have a plan?"
"What's the difference between 'bumming' a cigarette and 'borrowing' a book?"
"What are some things you might 'bum' from a friend that you wouldn't ask a stranger for?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you 'bummed' something and how it made you feel. Was it awkward, convenient, or something else?
Reflect on a period when you felt like you were 'bumming around' without a clear direction. What did you learn from that experience?
Imagine you could 'bum' any skill or talent from someone. What would it be and why?
Write a short story about two characters who meet while 'bumming a ride' to the same destination.
Consider the phrase 'bum out'. Write about a situation that 'bummed you out' and how you dealt with it.
よくある質問
10 問No, 'bum' is an informal word. You should avoid using it in formal settings like job interviews, academic papers, or professional emails. It's best reserved for casual conversations with friends or in contexts where informality is appropriate.
As a verb, 'bum' means to get something without paying or to wander idly. As a noun, 'bum' refers to a person who is habitually lazy, unemployed, or lives by begging. While related conceptually, they are different parts of speech with distinct uses and connotations.
Generally, 'bum' is used for small, inexpensive items or minor favors, like a cigarette, a pen, a dollar, or a ride. It's not typically used for significant items or large sums of money, as that would require a more formal request or be considered theft.
'Bum around' means to spend time idly, wandering without a specific purpose or plan. It suggests a relaxed, carefree, and often unproductive way of spending time, like on vacation or during a break.
Yes, the idiom 'bum out' always has a negative connotation. It means to make someone feel sad, disappointed, or depressed. It's often used when delivering bad news or discussing unpleasant topics.
A more formal way to say 'bum a cigarette' would be 'Could I have a cigarette?' or 'Do you happen to have a cigarette I could have?' If you mean borrowing, 'Could I borrow a cigarette?' is also an option, though less common for consumables.
Yes, it can be used for informal services, most commonly 'bum a ride' or 'bum a lift', meaning to get transportation for free. It's less common for other services.
It often does, or at least a lack of structured activity. While it can be a positive description of relaxation or exploration, it can also imply a lack of purpose or ambition, depending on the context and tone.
The core meanings are generally understood across English-speaking regions. However, the frequency and specific contexts might vary slightly. 'Bum a smoke' is very common in many English-speaking countries where smoking is prevalent.
For obtaining something without paying, use 'borrow' (if return is expected) or 'ask for'. For wandering idly, use 'wander', 'roam', 'drift', or 'relax'.
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Summary
The verb 'bum' is informal and has two main uses: to get something without paying (like borrowing casually) or to spend time wandering without a specific purpose. Use it in casual settings for small favors or descriptions of leisure.
- Verb 'bum': get things for free or wander aimlessly.
- Informal: used for small favors or casual leisure.
- Meaning 1: obtain without payment (e.g., bum a cigarette).
- Meaning 2: wander idly (e.g., bum around town).
Context is Key
The verb 'bum' is highly informal. Always consider your audience and the situation. Using it in formal writing or speech would be inappropriate. Stick to casual conversations with friends or informal writing.
Two Main Meanings
Remember the two core meanings: 1) To get something for free (like 'bum a cigarette' or 'bum a ride'). 2) To wander or spend time idly (like 'bumming around'). The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.
Alternatives for Formality
If you need a more formal alternative, consider 'borrow' for temporary use, 'ask for' for general requests, or 'wander'/'roam' for aimless movement. These words are more neutral and suitable for a wider range of contexts.
Watch Out for 'Bum Out'
The idiom 'bum out' means to make someone feel sad or disappointed. It's a common informal expression, but be aware that it carries a negative emotional connotation.
例文
I forgot my wallet, so I had to bum a few dollars from my roommate for lunch.
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