When we say something or someone is "dumb," it usually means they are not smart or are acting in a silly way. For example, a dumb idea is a bad or foolish one.
Sometimes, this word was used a long time ago to describe someone who could not speak. But now, using it this way can be hurtful to people. So, it's better to use other words if you want to talk about someone who cannot speak.
When we say something or someone is dumb, it means they are not smart or are acting in a silly way. Imagine if a cartoon character walks into a wall by mistake – that might be called a dumb action.
Sometimes, this word was used a long time ago for people who couldn't talk, but that's not a kind way to use it anymore. So, it's best to use dumb when you mean not smart or a silly mistake.
The word "dumb" is primarily used to describe someone or something that lacks intelligence or is foolish. For example, you might say, "That was a dumb idea" if someone suggests something silly. Historically, it also referred to a person who couldn't speak, but this use is now considered old-fashioned and can be offensive. Therefore, it's best to use it only in the sense of 'stupid' or 'foolish' in modern conversation. When referring to someone unable to speak, it's more appropriate and respectful to use terms like "non-verbal" or "mute."
The term “dumb,” at a B2 CEFR level, generally refers to a lack of intelligence or an inability to make sensible decisions. It often implies a state of being foolish or unintelligent in a particular context.
Historically, “dumb” was also used to describe someone who was mute or unable to speak. However, this usage is now largely considered archaic and can be offensive, particularly when referring to individuals with speech impairments.
In contemporary English, its primary application is to describe something or someone perceived as stupid, senseless, or poorly thought out.
For example, one might refer to a “dumb idea” to denote a plan lacking foresight or intelligence. Understanding the historical context helps to avoid misinterpretations and ensure respectful communication.
At the CEFR C1 level, understanding the nuances of words like "dumb" is crucial for sophisticated communication. While historically referring to an inability to speak, this usage is now widely considered archaic and potentially offensive, often implying a lack of intelligence.
Contemporary use almost exclusively denotes a lack of intelligence, foolishness, or a state of being unintelligent. However, it's important to recognize that even in this sense, "dumb" can carry a strong, informal, and sometimes disparaging connotation.
Therefore, advanced learners should be mindful of the social and emotional impact of this word and opt for more precise and less loaded synonyms in formal or sensitive contexts. Alternatives such as "foolish," "unintelligent," "absurd," or "nonsensical" can convey similar meanings without the potential for misinterpretation or offense.
dumb 30秒で
- Lacking intelligence
- Foolish behavior
- Historically, unable to speak (now offensive)
§ What Does "Dumb" Mean?
The word "dumb" is an adjective that has evolved in its meaning over time. In modern English, its most common usage describes someone or something lacking intelligence or being foolish. However, it's important to understand its historical context and why some uses are now considered offensive.
- Primary Modern Definition
- Lacking intelligence or showing poor judgment; stupid or foolish.
That was a really dumb mistake to make on the exam.
He felt dumb for forgetting his keys again.
- Historical/Outdated Definition
- Unable to speak, mute.
Historically, "dumb" was also used to describe someone who could not speak. This usage is now widely considered offensive because it associates a lack of speech with a lack of intelligence, which is incorrect and discriminatory. It's important to be aware of this older meaning to understand why some people might react negatively to the word, even if you intend to use its modern definition.
§ When Do People Use It?
People primarily use the word "dumb" in casual conversation to express that something or someone is foolish, unwise, or lacking common sense. It often carries a negative connotation, indicating disapproval or frustration.
- Describing actions or decisions: It's very common to hear "dumb" used when someone has made a poor choice or acted imprudently.
That was a really dumb idea to go swimming in such cold water.
- Describing a person's intelligence: While common, using "dumb" to describe a person's intelligence can be hurtful and is often considered impolite or insulting. Many people prefer to use softer terms or avoid direct labels when discussing someone's intellectual capabilities.
He felt quite dumb when he couldn't solve the simple puzzle.
- Figurative use: Sometimes "dumb" is used figuratively to describe things that are unthinking or unresponsive, like a "dumb machine" (meaning it's not smart or automated) or "dumb luck" (meaning luck that happened without any skill or effort).
- Context for Usage
- "Dumb" is generally used in informal settings. In formal writing or professional environments, more precise and less emotionally charged terms are preferred.
It's crucial to be mindful of your audience and the context when using this word. While it's very common in casual speech among friends, using it in more formal or sensitive situations might be inappropriate or cause offense, especially if someone is aware of its problematic historical connotations.
§ Origin and Evolution
The word "dumb" comes from Old English "dumm," which originally meant "mute, silent, speechless." Its connection to a lack of intelligence began to develop later, likely due to a societal misconception that people who couldn't speak were also less intelligent. This regrettable association led to the modern, and often problematic, primary meaning. Understanding this etymology highlights the importance of choosing words carefully and being aware of their historical baggage.
Today, linguistic experts and advocacy groups strongly advise against using "dumb" to refer to people with speech impairments, or even generally to describe people as unintelligent, due to its offensive history and potential to cause harm. While its use persists in everyday language, especially in casual contexts, awareness of its full implications can lead to more thoughtful communication.
§ Understanding the Word 'Dumb'
- Definition
- This word is most commonly used to describe someone or something that is seen as stupid or foolish. Historically, it also meant being unable to speak, but this usage is now often considered offensive or outdated.
The word 'dumb' is an adjective that has evolved in its meaning and usage over time. While its primary contemporary meaning relates to a lack of intelligence, it's important to be aware of its historical connotations and the social sensitivities surrounding them.
§ How to Use 'Dumb' in a Sentence
When using 'dumb' to describe a lack of intelligence, it can be applied to people, actions, or even objects that are poorly designed or ineffective.
That was a really dumb mistake.
In this example, 'dumb' describes the nature of the mistake, implying it was foolish or ill-advised.
He felt dumb for forgetting his keys.
Here, 'dumb' describes a feeling of foolishness or embarrassment due to a simple oversight.
§ Grammatical Considerations
'Dumb' functions as a straightforward adjective. It can directly precede a noun or follow a linking verb (like 'be,' 'seem,' 'feel').
- **Before a noun:** She made a dumb decision.
- **After a linking verb:** That idea sounds dumb.
§ Prepositions with 'Dumb'
When expressing the reason for something being 'dumb,' you often use prepositions like 'to' or 'for'.
It was dumb to leave the door unlocked.
Here, 'to leave' explains what action was dumb.
She felt dumb for asking such an obvious question.
In this case, 'for asking' provides the reason for feeling dumb.
§ Common Phrases and Idioms
While 'dumb' is often used straightforwardly, it also appears in some common expressions:
- **Dumb luck:** Success achieved purely by chance rather than skill or planning.
- **To dumb down:** To simplify something to the point of being intellectually condescending or inaccurate.
He found the lost wallet by sheer dumb luck.
The director was criticized for trying to dumb down the complex plot for a wider audience.
Understanding these nuances will help you use 'dumb' appropriately and effectively in various contexts, always keeping in mind the respect for others and the evolving nature of language.
§ Definition
- Word
- dumb (adjective)
- CEFR Level
- A1
- Meaning
- This word is most commonly used to describe someone or something that is seen as stupid or foolish. Historically, it also meant being unable to speak, but this usage is now often considered offensive or outdated.
§ Where you actually hear this word
The word "dumb" is quite common in everyday English, and you might encounter it in various contexts, from casual conversations to more structured environments like school or even in news reports, though its usage in formal settings is often more careful due to its potential for offense. Understanding where and how it's used is key to grasping its nuances.
In informal settings, especially among friends or family, "dumb" is frequently used to describe a foolish mistake or a lack of intelligence. For example, if someone forgets their keys for the third time in a week, a friend might jokingly say, "That was a pretty dumb thing to do!" Here, the word isn't necessarily meant to be deeply hurtful but rather expresses exasperation or lighthearted criticism. Similarly, you might hear it when people are describing a simple or unsophisticated object. A "dumb phone," for instance, refers to a basic mobile phone with limited functionality compared to a smartphone.
I made a really dumb mistake on the test.
At school, you might hear this word from students describing their own errors or the actions of others. A student might lament, "I feel so dumb for not studying more." Teachers, however, are highly unlikely to use this word to describe students or their work, as it is considered unprofessional and unconstructive. Instead, they would opt for more precise and encouraging language, focusing on areas for improvement rather than personal criticism. This highlights the importance of context and speaker in determining the appropriateness of the word.
The puzzle was really dumb, I couldn't figure it out.
In news reports or more formal media, the direct use of "dumb" to describe people or policies is rare due to its derogatory connotations. Journalists and reporters generally aim for objective and respectful language. However, you might encounter it in quoted speech, where a person being interviewed uses the word, or in opinion pieces where the author might be deliberately provocative. For example, a politician might be quoted saying, "That was a dumb policy decision," reflecting their personal opinion, but the journalist themselves would likely not use it in their own narrative. It's also sometimes used in a more technical sense to describe technology that lacks intelligence or interactive features, such as a "dumb terminal" in computing, which refers to a device with no processing power of its own.
It's important to remember that language evolves, and the historical meaning of "dumb" as being unable to speak is largely outdated and can be offensive. Modern usage almost exclusively refers to a lack of intelligence or thought. Therefore, when you hear or read the word, it's almost always in the context of someone or something being foolish or unintelligent. Being mindful of these shifts in meaning is crucial for accurate comprehension and appropriate communication in English.
To summarize, here are some common scenarios:
- Casual conversation: "That was a dumb movie."
- Describing a simple object: "My old phone was pretty dumb compared to this smartphone."
- Expressing frustration at a mistake: "I feel so dumb for forgetting my umbrella."
- In quoted speech in news: "The senator called the new law 'dumb and ineffective'."
While the word is relatively common, especially in informal contexts, it's important to consider the speaker and the situation to fully understand its intended impact. Its directness can sometimes make it seem harsh, so many people choose to use softer alternatives when possible.
How Formal Is It?
"The decision to invest heavily in the failing company was, regrettably, unintelligent."
"It was foolish to leave the windows open during the storm."
"Don't be silly; of course, I'll help you."
"My little brother made a goofy face that made everyone laugh."
"He's so dense, he still hasn't figured out the surprise party."
知っておくべき文法
Adjectives typically come before the noun they describe.
That was a dumb idea.
Adjectives can also follow a linking verb (such as 'be,' 'seem,' 'become') to describe the subject.
He seemed quite dumbfounded by the news.
Comparative and superlative forms of 'dumb' are 'dumber' and 'dumbest,' respectively.
That was an even dumber mistake.
The adverb form of 'dumb' is 'dumbly,' though 'stupidly' or 'foolishly' are more common in modern usage.
He just stood there dumbly, unable to respond.
When referring to the inability to speak, the term 'mute' is now generally preferred over 'dumb' to avoid offense.
The character was mute, but not unintelligent.
レベル別の例文
He felt dumb for forgetting his keys.
He felt silly because he forgot his keys.
Here, 'dumb' means foolish or stupid.
That was a dumb mistake.
That was a silly mistake.
Using 'dumb' to describe an error.
The dog looked dumb when it chased its tail.
The dog looked funny/silly when it chased its tail.
Describes a playful or silly action.
Don't be dumb, wear a coat!
Don't be foolish, wear a coat!
Used as an imperative, advising against a foolish action.
I felt dumb when I couldn't solve the simple puzzle.
I felt stupid when I couldn't solve the easy puzzle.
Expressing a feeling of intellectual inadequacy.
It was a dumb idea to go out in the rain without an umbrella.
It was a bad idea to go out in the rain without an umbrella.
Describes a poor decision.
The baby made a dumb face.
The baby made a silly face.
Describes a comical or nonsensical facial expression.
I felt dumb after saying the wrong answer.
I felt foolish after saying the incorrect answer.
Relates to feeling foolish after a mistake.
He felt so dumb when he couldn't answer the easy question.
He felt very foolish because he couldn't answer the simple question.
Here, 'dumb' is used to describe a feeling of foolishness or embarrassment.
It was a dumb idea to go outside without a coat in the snow.
It was a stupid idea to go out in the snow without a coat.
In this sentence, 'dumb' describes an action or idea that is not smart.
Don't be dumb; always look both ways before crossing the street.
Don't be foolish; always check both directions before crossing the road.
This is a common phrase telling someone not to do something silly or dangerous.
The computer acted dumb and wouldn't turn on.
The computer was not working properly and wouldn't start.
Here, 'dumb' is used informally to describe something electronic that isn't working as expected.
I made a dumb mistake on my homework.
I made a silly error on my school work.
'Dumb' describes a mistake that is easily avoidable.
Why did you do something so dumb?
Why did you do something so foolish?
This is a direct question asking why someone did something unintelligent.
He pretended to be dumb so he wouldn't have to answer.
He acted as if he didn't understand so he wouldn't have to reply.
In this context, 'dumb' refers to acting ignorant or unwilling to speak.
That was a dumb move in the game, and we lost.
That was a bad decision in the game, and we were defeated.
Here, 'dumb' describes a poor strategic choice.
It was a dumb mistake to forget my umbrella when it was clearly going to rain.
Fue un error tonto olvidar mi paraguas cuando era obvio que iba a llover.
Here, 'dumb' describes a mistake as foolish or unwise.
Don't act dumb; you know exactly what I'm talking about.
No te hagas el tonto; sabes exactamente de qué estoy hablando.
'Act dumb' means to pretend to be stupid or unaware.
The movie had a really dumb plot, and I couldn't enjoy it.
La película tenía una trama muy tonta y no pude disfrutarla.
'Dumb' here refers to a plot that is silly or illogical.
I felt a bit dumb after realizing I'd been searching for my keys when they were in my hand.
Me sentí un poco tonto después de darme cuenta de que había estado buscando mis llaves cuando las tenía en la mano.
This use of 'dumb' expresses a feeling of foolishness or embarrassment.
He made a dumb comment that offended everyone in the room.
Hizo un comentario tonto que ofendió a todos en la habitación.
'Dumb comment' means a thoughtless or insensitive remark.
It's a dumb idea to try and fix the computer if you don't know what you're doing.
Es una idea tonta intentar arreglar la computadora si no sabes lo que estás haciendo.
'Dumb idea' refers to a plan that is ill-advised or unwise.
She gave me a dumb look when I asked her to explain the complicated instructions.
Me miró con cara de tonta cuando le pedí que explicara las instrucciones complicadas.
'Dumb look' describes an expression of confusion or blankness.
Leaving your wallet on the table in a busy cafe was a dumb thing to do.
Dejar tu cartera en la mesa en un café concurrido fue algo tonto que hacer.
'Dumb thing to do' highlights an action that was careless or unwise.
The politician's 'dumb' comments during the debate sparked widespread criticism, as many found them to be ignorant and insensitive.
criticism = krytyka
Here, 'dumb' describes the comments themselves, implying foolishness or lack of intelligence in what was said.
Despite his intelligence, he sometimes makes 'dumb' mistakes when he rushes, like forgetting his keys or leaving his phone behind.
mistakes = błędy
In this context, 'dumb' refers to silly or careless errors rather than a general lack of intelligence.
She felt 'dumb' for not understanding the complex instructions, even though many others in the class were also struggling.
struggling = zmagać się
'Felt dumb' expresses a personal feeling of inadequacy or foolishness due to difficulty in comprehension.
It's a 'dumb' idea to invest all your savings in one volatile stock; diversification is key to minimizing risk.
volatile = zmienny; diversification = dywersyfikacja
Here, 'dumb' characterizes the idea as unwise or imprudent, suggesting poor judgment.
The new software is so user-friendly that even someone completely new to computers won't feel 'dumb' trying to navigate it.
user-friendly = łatwy w obsłudze; navigate = poruszać się
This use of 'dumb' relates to a feeling of being inadequate or slow-witted when faced with a new task.
He made a 'dumb' choice by refusing to listen to expert advice, and the project suffered significant delays as a result.
refusing = odmawiając; suffered = ucierpiał
'Dumb choice' indicates a decision made without proper consideration or good judgment.
Don't play 'dumb' with me; I know you understand exactly what I'm asking for.
understand = rozumieć
'Playing dumb' is an idiom meaning to pretend not to know or understand something, usually to avoid responsibility.
The 'dumb' waiter in the old house was used to transport food from the kitchen to the dining room, a clever mechanical solution.
transport = transportować; clever = sprytny
This is an example of the older, now less common, usage of 'dumb' as in 'silent' or 'unable to speak/make sound', referring to a mechanical lift that doesn't talk. It's often found in historical or architectural contexts.
The sheer dumb luck of finding a solution after weeks of fruitless effort was a welcome relief.
Pure chance, fortunate accident
Colloquial phrase: 'dumb luck'
He was struck dumb by the unexpected turn of events, unable to utter a single word.
Rendered speechless, unable to speak due to shock
Figurative expression: 'struck dumb'
To call his elaborate plan 'dumb' would be an understatement; it was meticulously flawed from conception.
Highly foolish, incredibly stupid (understatement)
Emphatic use with 'understatement'
Despite the outwardly 'dumb' appearance of the machine, its internal mechanisms were incredibly sophisticated.
Seemingly unintelligent or simplistic (appearance)
Quotation marks to indicate a specific, often misleading, perception
The committee's 'dumb' decision to ignore expert advice ultimately led to significant financial losses.
Foolish, ill-advised decision
Describing a decision as 'dumb'
She felt completely dumbfounded by the complex instructions, her mind struggling to grasp their meaning.
Utterly bewildered, very confused
Verb: 'dumbfound' (past participle 'dumbfounded')
It's a dumb thing to do, but sometimes a moment of impulsive stupidity can be oddly liberating.
A foolish act, a silly thing to do
Describing an action as 'a dumb thing to do'
The software is so intuitive that even a 'dumb' user, unfamiliar with technology, could operate it effortlessly.
A novice user, someone technically unsophisticated
Colloquial use referring to a user with limited technical knowledge
The sheer scale of the universe can make one feel utterly dumbfounded by its mysteries.
Completely astonished.
Here, 'dumbfounded' is used as an adjective meaning greatly astonished or shocked.
Despite his intellectual prowess, he often feigned dumbness in social situations to avoid unwanted attention.
Pretended to be stupid.
'Dumbness' is a noun referring to the state of being dumb or unable to speak, or in this context, intellectual dullness.
The new policy was widely criticized for its dumbfounding lack of foresight, leading to predictable negative outcomes.
Astounding lack of foresight.
'Dumbfounding' is an adjective derived from 'dumbfound', meaning causing astonishment or confusion.
He found himself in a dumb show, unable to articulate his thoughts as the surprise announcement unfolded.
A silent play or performance.
'Dumb show' refers to a pantomime or a theatrical representation without words.
The algorithm, though complex, was ultimately deemed a dumb machine, incapable of true creativity or independent thought.
A machine without intelligence or reasoning.
In this context, 'dumb machine' emphasizes the lack of genuine intelligence despite operational complexity.
To remain dumb in the face of such injustice would be a moral failing of the highest order.
To remain silent.
Here, 'dumb' is used in its older sense of being unable or unwilling to speak, often implying silence in response to a situation.
The detective's seemingly dumb questions slowly but surely unravelled the intricate web of deception.
Appearing foolish or unintelligent.
'Dumb' here describes questions that seem simple or unperceptive but are strategically effective.
It was a dumb decision to invest all their savings without consulting a financial advisor, a choice they would later regret deeply.
A foolish or unwise decision.
This is a common usage where 'dumb' denotes a lack of good judgment or intelligence in a decision.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Are you dumb?
Are you being stupid or foolish?
That's a dumb idea.
That's a foolish or unwise idea.
Don't be dumb.
Don't act foolishly or stupidly.
I feel so dumb.
I feel stupid or foolish.
It was a dumb thing to do.
It was a foolish or stupid action.
He was struck dumb with surprise.
He was speechless due to surprise.
You must be dumb if you believe that.
You must be foolish to believe that.
She played dumb to avoid answering.
She pretended to be ignorant to avoid answering.
It was just dumb luck that we found it.
We found it purely by chance.
Don't ask dumb questions.
Don't ask foolish or silly questions.
文法パターン
文型パターン
A person can be described as dumb.
He is so dumb, he can't even count to ten.
An action or idea can be described as dumb.
That was a dumb idea to go out in the rain without an umbrella.
Something that is not working can be described as dumb.
My phone went dumb after I dropped it in the water.
To make someone or something dumb.
The loud noise made him dumb for a moment.
To be dumbfounded.
She was dumbfounded by the unexpected news.
To act dumb.
He often acts dumb to get attention.
To play dumb.
Don't play dumb, you know what I'm talking about.
To be struck dumb.
I was struck dumb when I saw the amazing view.
使い方
The primary meaning of "dumb" as unable to speak is now considered outdated and offensive. It's best to avoid this usage. When referring to a lack of intelligence, "dumb" can be seen as informal and sometimes impolite, although it is still widely used. Consider alternatives like "foolish," "silly," or "unintelligent" for a more neutral tone. For example, instead of saying "That was a dumb idea," you might say, "That was a silly idea" or "That was not a good idea."
A common mistake is using "dumb" to refer to someone who cannot speak. This usage is highly offensive. For instance, do not say, "He is dumb" to mean he cannot speak. Instead, use phrases like "He is non-verbal" or "He cannot speak." Another mistake is using it in formal contexts where it might be perceived as unprofessional or overly casual.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a **d**ull, **u**nintelligent **m**an **b**abbling nonsense. This helps remember 'dumb' as meaning stupid or foolish.
視覚的連想
Picture a person with a thought bubble above their head, but instead of words or ideas, it's just a swirl of confusion, symbolizing someone who is 'dumb' or stupid.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'dumb' in a sentence to describe a silly situation or a foolish decision. For example: 'It was a dumb idea to go out without a coat in this weather.'
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
When someone makes a silly mistake or says something foolish, another person might describe their action as 'dumb'.
- That was a dumb mistake.
- Don't be so dumb.
- I felt dumb after saying that.
Sometimes, 'dumb' is used informally to describe something that is not working or is very simple, lacking advanced features.
- My phone went dumb after the update.
- It's a dumb terminal, just for inputting data.
- This is a dumb way to solve the problem.
In a more playful or informal setting, friends might jokingly call each other 'dumb' without intending offense, especially after a harmless blunder.
- Oh, you're so dumb for forgetting that!
- I can't believe I was so dumb.
- We had a dumb laugh about it.
You might hear 'dumb' used in a somewhat critical way to describe an idea or plan that is not well thought out.
- That's a dumb idea, it won't work.
- The plan sounded dumb from the start.
- Why would anyone do something so dumb?
Occasionally, 'dumb' is used to express frustration with a situation or object that is not cooperating or is causing difficulty.
- This dumb printer isn't working again.
- I'm so frustrated with this dumb problem.
- Turn off that dumb music!
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever made a 'dumb mistake' that you can laugh about now?"
"Can you think of a time when someone called something 'dumb' that you didn't agree with?"
"What's your opinion on using the word 'dumb' to describe a simple, non-smart device?"
"How do you usually react when someone calls an idea 'dumb'?"
"Do you think the meaning of 'dumb' is changing over time?"
日記のテーマ
Reflect on a time you felt 'dumb' and what you learned from that experience.
Write about a situation where you heard 'dumb' used, and consider if it was appropriate or not.
Explore the different ways 'dumb' can be used informally among friends. What are the boundaries?
Describe a 'dumb' invention or idea that you think could actually be useful.
Consider the historical meaning of 'dumb' and how language evolves. Write about a word whose meaning has changed significantly over time.
よくある質問
10 問The main meaning of 'dumb' is to describe someone or something as stupid or foolish.
Yes, historically, 'dumb' also meant being unable to speak. However, this usage is now often considered offensive or outdated.
No, it's generally not appropriate to use 'dumb' to describe someone who can't speak, as it's often seen as offensive or outdated.
Yes, you could use words like 'silly,' 'foolish,' or 'unintelligent' instead of 'dumb' to describe someone who is stupid.
Yes, 'dumb' can be a fairly strong and negative word when used to describe someone as stupid.
Yes, 'dumb' can be used to describe things as well, for example, 'a dumb idea' or 'a dumb movie' if you mean it's silly or not well-thought-out.
'Dumb' is generally considered an informal word.
The word 'dumb' comes from Old English 'dumb,' which meant 'silent, mute.'
The meaning of 'stupid' for 'dumb' became common around the 18th century.
The best way to avoid offending someone is to be mindful of its historical meaning and its current negative connotations, especially when referring to people. Consider using alternative words.
自分をテスト 144 問
The dog just stared blankly, it was so ___.
Here, 'dumb' is used to describe the dog's lack of understanding or intelligence.
Don't be ___! Think before you speak.
This sentence uses 'dumb' to mean foolish or silly.
The boy made a ___ mistake when he forgot his keys.
'Dumb mistake' means a foolish or unintelligent mistake.
She felt ___ because she couldn't answer the simple question.
Feeling 'dumb' in this context means feeling stupid or silly for not knowing the answer.
It was a really ___ idea to go out in the rain without an umbrella.
A 'dumb idea' is a bad or foolish idea.
The teacher explained it again because some students looked ___.
If students looked 'dumb', it implies they looked confused or unintelligent.
Choose the word that means the same as 'dumb' in this sentence: 'That was a dumb idea.'
'Dumb' in this context means foolish or stupid.
Which sentence uses 'dumb' to mean not intelligent?
In this sentence, 'dumb' describes a rule as not being intelligent or sensible.
What is the opposite of 'dumb' when talking about intelligence?
The opposite of being unintelligent (dumb) is being clever or smart.
The word 'dumb' can mean unable to speak.
Historically, 'dumb' also meant unable to speak, although this usage is now often considered offensive.
If something is 'dumb', it means it is very smart.
No, if something is 'dumb', it means it is stupid or foolish, not smart.
Calling someone 'dumb' is always a kind thing to say.
No, calling someone 'dumb' can be offensive because it suggests they are not intelligent.
Listen for how he felt when he forgot her name.
Listen for the advice given.
Listen to describe how the dog looked.
Read this aloud:
I felt dumb because I made a mistake.
Focus: dumb, felt, made
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
It was a dumb idea to go out in the rain without an umbrella.
Focus: dumb, idea, umbrella
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
He made a dumb choice when he didn't study for the test.
Focus: dumb, choice, study
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence describing something that is not smart, using the word 'dumb'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
That is a dumb idea.
Complete the sentence: 'The old TV is very ____, it doesn't work well.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The old TV is very dumb, it doesn't work well.
Imagine you see a silly animal. Write one sentence using 'dumb' to describe it.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
That dog looks a little dumb.
What kind of joke did the brother tell?
Read this passage:
My brother told a very dumb joke. Nobody laughed. It was not funny at all. He felt a little sad.
What kind of joke did the brother tell?
The passage says 'My brother told a very dumb joke.'
The passage says 'My brother told a very dumb joke.'
What can the phone do?
Read this passage:
The phone is very old. It is a dumb phone. It cannot connect to the internet. I use it only for calls.
What can the phone do?
The passage states, 'I use it only for calls.'
The passage states, 'I use it only for calls.'
What does 'dumb' mean in this context?
Read this passage:
Sometimes, people say 'dumb' if they mean something is not smart or not good. It is a simple word to describe something silly.
What does 'dumb' mean in this context?
The passage says 'people say 'dumb' if they mean something is not smart or not good.'
The passage says 'people say 'dumb' if they mean something is not smart or not good.'
The correct order forms a simple sentence: 'It is a dumb idea.'
The correct order forms the sentence: 'She did a dumb thing.'
The correct order forms the sentence: 'That was a dumb question.'
The old computer was so ___ that it took forever to load a single page.
In this context, 'dumb' means slow or not intelligent, referring to the computer's performance.
He made a ___ mistake when he forgot his umbrella on a rainy day.
'Dumb mistake' means a foolish or unintelligent mistake.
Sometimes I feel ___ when I can't understand simple instructions.
Feeling 'dumb' in this sentence means feeling stupid or foolish because of a lack of understanding.
It was a ___ idea to go hiking in the dark without a flashlight.
A 'dumb idea' is a foolish or ill-advised idea.
Don't be ___! Think before you act.
This is an admonition to not be foolish or act without thinking.
The ___ character in the movie always made everyone laugh with his silly actions.
Here, 'dumb' describes a character who is foolish or not very intelligent, which is often a source of humor.
Choose the sentence where 'dumb' means foolish:
In this sentence, 'dumb' describes a foolish action.
Which word is a synonym for 'dumb' when it means foolish?
'Silly' is a good synonym for 'dumb' when referring to foolishness.
In modern English, which meaning of 'dumb' is often considered offensive?
The historical meaning of 'dumb' as 'unable to speak' is now often considered offensive.
The word 'dumb' can be used to describe someone who is quiet.
While 'dumb' historically meant unable to speak, it doesn't generally mean quiet. It refers to a lack of speech, or more commonly now, a lack of intelligence.
It is always polite to use 'dumb' to describe someone who made a mistake.
Calling someone 'dumb' can be impolite and hurtful, even if they made a mistake.
The primary modern meaning of 'dumb' is someone who is unable to hear.
The primary modern meaning of 'dumb' is foolish or unintelligent. The outdated meaning was unable to speak, not unable to hear.
Listen for how the word 'dumb' is used to describe a feeling.
Focus on the speaker's tone when they describe the 'idea'.
Listen for the reassuring tone and the meaning of 'dumb' in this context.
Read this aloud:
I felt so dumb when I forgot my keys.
Focus: dumb
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Read this aloud:
That was a dumb move, but we can fix it.
Focus: dumb move
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Read this aloud:
It's okay to feel dumb sometimes, we all do.
Focus: feel dumb
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This sentence means it's unkind to use the word 'dumb' to describe someone.
This sentence describes a historical meaning of the word 'dumb'.
This sentence explains why the word 'dumb' is often avoided.
The old computer was so slow it was practically ___.
In this context, 'dumb' means foolish or unsophisticated, describing the computer's lack of advanced capabilities.
I felt completely ___ when I couldn't solve the simple puzzle.
'Dumb' is used here to express a feeling of being stupid or foolish for not being able to solve something easy.
It was a ___ decision to leave the windows open during the rainstorm.
A 'dumb decision' means a foolish or unintelligent decision.
The comedian's act was full of ___ jokes that made everyone laugh.
In this context, 'dumb jokes' refers to silly, unsophisticated, or slapstick humor, which can still be funny.
Don't just stand there, say something! Why are you being so ___?
Here, 'dumb' is used in the historical sense of being unable to speak, implying a lack of response or communication.
He gave me a ___ look when I asked him to explain the complex theory.
A 'dumb look' suggests a blank or unintelligent expression, indicating confusion or lack of comprehension.
Choose the sentence where 'dumb' is used to describe a lack of intelligence.
In this sentence, 'dumb' refers to feeling foolish or stupid for an action.
Which option uses 'dumb' in a way that might be considered outdated or offensive?
Historically, 'dumb' was used to describe someone unable to speak, but this usage is now often considered offensive.
Select the sentence where 'dumb' is used to imply a lack of advanced features or intelligence in an object.
Here, 'dumb' is used to describe an object lacking advanced features, similar to how a 'dumb phone' lacks smartphone capabilities.
The word 'dumb' can be used to describe an inanimate object that lacks intelligence or advanced functions.
Yes, 'dumb' can be used in this context, for example, a 'dumb terminal' or a 'dumb device' without smart features.
Using 'dumb' to describe someone who cannot speak is generally considered an appropriate and modern usage.
No, this historical usage of 'dumb' is now largely considered offensive or outdated.
If someone makes a 'dumb mistake', it means they have made a very intelligent and well-thought-out error.
A 'dumb mistake' refers to a foolish or unintelligent error, not a smart one.
The speaker is describing the quality of a speech.
The speaker is talking about an error made during a test.
This is advice given to someone about safety.
Read this aloud:
That was a pretty dumb idea, but at least we learned something.
Focus: dumb idea, learned something
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Read this aloud:
I felt so dumb when I realized I had forgotten my keys again.
Focus: felt so dumb, forgotten my keys
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Read this aloud:
It's dumb to argue about such a trivial matter.
Focus: dumb to argue, trivial matter
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Describe a situation where someone might be considered 'dumb' not because of their intelligence, but because of a lack of knowledge or experience in a specific area. How could they overcome this perception?
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Sample answer
Sometimes, a person might seem 'dumb' in a new job if they lack specific knowledge or experience, not because they are unintelligent. For instance, a brilliant scientist might appear 'dumb' trying to fix a car engine if they're unfamiliar with mechanics. To overcome this, they could actively seek training, ask questions, and practice until they gain the necessary understanding and experience in that area. Learning from mistakes is also crucial for improvement.
Write a short paragraph about why it's important to be careful with the words we use, especially when describing someone's intelligence or abilities. Refer to the word 'dumb' and its potential negative connotations.
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Sample answer
It is really important to be careful with our words, especially when talking about someone's intelligence or abilities. Words like 'dumb' can be very hurtful and carry negative connotations that might make someone feel bad or judged. Even if we don't mean to offend, such language can damage a person's self-esteem and create a negative atmosphere. Using respectful and kind language helps to foster understanding and shows consideration for others' feelings.
Imagine you hear someone use the word 'dumb' in an offensive or outdated way. Write a short email or message to a friend explaining why this usage is problematic and suggesting more appropriate language.
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Sample answer
Hey [Friend's Name], I just wanted to quickly mention something from earlier. When someone used the word 'dumb' in that context, it actually came across as a bit offensive and outdated. Historically, it was used to describe people who couldn't speak, which is problematic. It's better to use more respectful alternatives like 'uninformed' or 'unaware' if someone lacks knowledge, or simply 'silly' if they've made a mistake. Just something to keep in mind! Best, [Your Name]
According to the passage, why is the use of the word 'dumb' often discouraged today?
Read this passage:
In many societies, the way we describe intelligence has evolved. Terms that were once common might now be considered insensitive or even offensive. For example, the word 'dumb' has a history of being associated with an inability to speak, which is why its use today, particularly in a derogatory sense, is often discouraged. Modern language aims for more precision and respect when discussing people's cognitive abilities, focusing on specific challenges rather than broad, judgmental labels.
According to the passage, why is the use of the word 'dumb' often discouraged today?
The passage explicitly states that 'the word 'dumb' has a history of being associated with an inability to speak, which is why its use today, particularly in a derogatory sense, is often discouraged.'
The passage explicitly states that 'the word 'dumb' has a history of being associated with an inability to speak, which is why its use today, particularly in a derogatory sense, is often discouraged.'
What did Mark mean when he told Sarah, 'It's not that you're dumb'?
Read this passage:
Sarah was trying to follow the instructions to assemble her new bookshelf, but she kept making mistakes. She felt a bit 'dumb' because the diagrams seemed clear, yet she couldn't get the pieces to fit together. Her friend, Mark, came over and quickly realized that Sarah had mixed up two similar-looking parts. 'It's not that you're dumb,' Mark said gently, 'it's just a tricky design, and anyone could make that mistake.' He then helped her correct the error.
What did Mark mean when he told Sarah, 'It's not that you're dumb'?
Mark's statement directly explains that her struggle was due to 'a tricky design, and anyone could make that mistake,' indicating it wasn't about her intelligence.
Mark's statement directly explains that her struggle was due to 'a tricky design, and anyone could make that mistake,' indicating it wasn't about her intelligence.
What was the original primary meaning of the word 'dumb'?
Read this passage:
The word 'dumb' has a fascinating linguistic history. Originating from Old English, its primary meaning was 'mute' or 'silent.' Over centuries, its usage evolved, and by the 18th century, it began to acquire the connotation of 'stupid' or 'foolish.' This shift in meaning highlights how language can change, and how words can develop new, sometimes problematic, associations over time. Understanding this evolution helps us appreciate the nuances of word usage today.
What was the original primary meaning of the word 'dumb'?
The passage states, 'Originating from Old English, its primary meaning was 'mute' or 'silent.''
The passage states, 'Originating from Old English, its primary meaning was 'mute' or 'silent.''
The old computer was so ___ that it took forever to load a simple webpage.
In this context, 'dumb' refers to something that is slow, inefficient, or not intelligent in its function.
After hitting his head, he felt a bit ___ and confused for a few minutes.
Here, 'dumb' implies a temporary state of being disoriented or unable to think clearly, similar to being stunned.
It was a ___ decision to invest all their savings without proper research.
This usage of 'dumb' describes a foolish or unwise decision.
The new phone is designed to be user-friendly, even for those who consider themselves technologically ___.
In this sentence, 'technologically dumb' refers to someone who is not proficient or knowledgeable about technology.
He stood there, ___ with shock, unable to utter a single word.
Here, 'dumb with shock' means being temporarily unable to speak due to an overwhelming emotion.
Despite being an expert in his field, he sometimes makes surprisingly ___ mistakes.
This use of 'dumb' describes simple, foolish, or careless errors.
Which of the following best describes a 'dumb' decision in a modern context?
In contemporary usage, 'dumb' often refers to a lack of intelligence or poor judgment, especially in actions or decisions. The other options refer to different aspects.
Which sentence uses 'dumb' in a way that would generally be considered offensive or outdated?
Historically, 'dumb' meant unable to speak, but this usage is now widely considered offensive when referring to people.
If someone describes a joke as 'dumb,' what do they most likely mean?
When used to describe a joke, 'dumb' implies that it's not clever, or perhaps even a bit foolish, rather than literally silent or ancient.
The word 'dumb' can be used to describe an object that lacks intelligence or processing capability.
Yes, for example, 'dumb' in 'dumb terminal' refers to a device without its own processing power.
Using 'dumb' to mean 'unable to speak' is its primary and most accepted meaning today.
No, while it once had this meaning, it is now largely considered offensive or outdated. Its primary modern meaning relates to foolishness or lack of intelligence.
If you call someone 'dumb' because they made a minor error, it is always considered a polite and acceptable remark.
No, calling someone 'dumb' is generally impolite and can be offensive, regardless of the severity of the error. It implies a fundamental lack of intelligence.
Listen for the speaker's tone and the context of 'dumb'.
Consider the emotion expressed by the speaker.
What kind of decision is being described?
Read this aloud:
It was a rather dumb move to confront your boss like that.
Focus: dumb move
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Read this aloud:
Don't just stand there looking dumbfounded; say something!
Focus: dumbfounded
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Read this aloud:
Sometimes, a dumb question can lead to the most profound answers.
Focus: dumb question
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Write a short paragraph about a time you made a decision that, in hindsight, seemed a bit 'dumb'. Explain what happened and what you learned from it.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I once decided to wear sandals to a hiking trip in the mountains, completely ignoring the weather forecast that predicted rain. Of course, it poured, and my feet were soaked and freezing within the first hour. It was a pretty dumb decision, but I definitely learned the importance of checking the weather and dressing appropriately for outdoor activities. Now, I always pack proper gear, even if the forecast looks good.
Imagine you are trying to explain to a friend why a certain movie plot was 'dumb' or illogical. Describe the plot point and why you found it unconvincing or foolish.
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Sample answer
I recently watched a sci-fi movie where the main characters, despite being brilliant scientists, repeatedly made incredibly dumb decisions that put them in danger. For instance, they kept splitting up in a clearly hostile alien environment, even after several of their team members had already disappeared. It felt like a convenient, albeit illogical, way to create suspense rather than a realistic portrayal of intelligent people in a crisis.
Reflect on how the meaning of words can evolve over time, using 'dumb' as an example. Discuss the historical and modern connotations of the word.
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Sample answer
The word 'dumb' offers a fascinating insight into semantic evolution. Historically, its primary meaning was 'mute' or 'unable to speak,' which is evident in phrases like 'deaf and dumb.' However, over time, the more prevalent connotation has shifted to 'stupid' or 'foolish.' This modern usage, while common, can still carry negative implications and, in some contexts, be considered offensive, especially when used to describe someone with a speech impediment. It highlights how language adapts, but also how outdated meanings can linger and cause discomfort.
What was the primary reason the 'dumb' policy was rescinded?
Read this passage:
In an attempt to conserve energy, the city council implemented a seemingly 'dumb' policy: turning off all streetlights between midnight and 5 AM. While intended to save electricity, residents quickly reported an increase in petty crime and a feeling of insecurity. The lack of visibility also led to several minor traffic accidents. After a month, the policy was rescinded due to public outcry.
What was the primary reason the 'dumb' policy was rescinded?
The passage states, 'After a month, the policy was rescinded due to public outcry,' indicating that public complaints and the negative consequences (increase in petty crime, insecurity, traffic accidents) were the primary reasons for its reversal.
The passage states, 'After a month, the policy was rescinded due to public outcry,' indicating that public complaints and the negative consequences (increase in petty crime, insecurity, traffic accidents) were the primary reasons for its reversal.
What specifically made the CEO's decision 'dumb' in this context?
Read this passage:
The CEO's decision to launch an entirely new product line without any market research was widely considered a 'dumb' move. Despite the company's strong reputation, the products failed to resonate with consumers, leading to significant financial losses. Critics pointed out that a simple survey could have identified the lack of demand and saved millions in development and marketing costs.
What specifically made the CEO's decision 'dumb' in this context?
The passage explicitly states, 'The CEO's decision to launch an entirely new product line without any market research was widely considered a 'dumb' move,' and critics suggested a survey could have identified the lack of demand.
The passage explicitly states, 'The CEO's decision to launch an entirely new product line without any market research was widely considered a 'dumb' move,' and critics suggested a survey could have identified the lack of demand.
According to the passage, why is the historical usage of 'dumb' now considered problematic?
Read this passage:
Historically, the term 'dumb' was frequently used to describe individuals who were unable to speak, a usage that is now largely considered outdated and potentially offensive due to its association with a lack of intelligence. Modern language increasingly favors more precise and respectful terms like 'non-verbal' or 'speech-impaired' to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes.
According to the passage, why is the historical usage of 'dumb' now considered problematic?
The passage states, 'a usage that is now largely considered outdated and potentially offensive due to its association with a lack of intelligence' and 'to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes.'
The passage states, 'a usage that is now largely considered outdated and potentially offensive due to its association with a lack of intelligence' and 'to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes.'
The once vibrant company now seems to be plagued by a series of rather ___ decisions, leading to a significant drop in market share.
In this context, 'dumb' refers to foolish or unintelligent decisions. 'Astute', 'shrewd', and 'incisive' all imply intelligence or sharpness.
Despite numerous warnings, he made the rather ___ mistake of investing all his savings in a highly volatile stock, ultimately losing a substantial amount.
'Dumb' describes a foolish or unwise mistake, which fits the context of ignoring warnings and making a risky investment. The other options suggest wisdom or caution.
The novel's protagonist often finds himself in a series of ___ predicaments due to his naive and unsophisticated understanding of the world.
Here, 'dumb' implies foolish or clumsy predicaments, stemming from the protagonist's lack of worldly wisdom. 'Perceptive', 'erudite', and 'astute' suggest intelligence or insight.
It was a truly ___ move to challenge the CEO during the board meeting without any substantive evidence to support his claims, ultimately damaging his own career.
Challenging a CEO without evidence is a foolish, or 'dumb', move that would likely have negative repercussions. The other options imply intelligence or careful planning.
The decision to cut corners on safety regulations proved to be a particularly ___ one, leading to an avoidable industrial accident.
Cutting corners on safety and causing an accident is a highly foolish, or 'dumb', decision. The alternative options suggest good judgment.
Critics lambasted the film for its unimaginative plot and particularly ___ dialogue, suggesting it lacked any artistic merit.
In this context, 'dumb' describes dialogue that is foolish, simple, or lacking in intelligence. 'Witty', 'eloquent', and 'incisive' all imply intelligent or sharp dialogue.
Listen for the word that describes a state of shock or astonishment.
Pay attention to the phrase that indicates feigning ignorance.
Identify the idiom that means to be made speechless.
Read this aloud:
The decision to invest heavily in a failing company was widely regarded as utterly dumb.
Focus: utterly dumb
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Read this aloud:
To remain dumb in the face of such injustice would be a moral failing.
Focus: remain dumb
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Read this aloud:
His feigned ignorance made him appear quite dumb, though he was anything but.
Focus: feigned ignorance
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The once vibrant intellectual discourse of the academy had regrettably devolved into a series of rather ______ pronouncements, devoid of genuine insight or critical thought.
Given the context of 'devolved into' and 'devoid of genuine insight or critical thought,' 'vapid' (meaning offering nothing stimulating or challenging) is the most fitting word to describe pronouncements lacking substance. 'Erudite,' 'astute,' and 'incisive' all imply intelligence and insight, which are contrary to the sentence's meaning.
Despite the compelling evidence presented by the prosecution, the jury's unanimous verdict seemed inexplicably ______, raising serious questions about the fairness of the trial.
The phrase 'inexplicably ______' and 'raising serious questions about the fairness of the trial' suggests the verdict was not well-reasoned or intelligent. 'Obtuse' means annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand, which aligns with a verdict that disregards clear evidence. 'Sagacious,' 'perceptive,' and 'judicious' all imply wisdom and sound judgment.
The politician's attempt to obfuscate the issue with a torrent of convoluted jargon only served to make his argument appear all the more ______ to the discerning electorate.
The politician was trying to 'obfuscate' (make unclear) the issue, and the result was an argument that appeared problematic to the 'discerning electorate.' 'Specious' means superficially plausible but actually wrong, which fits an argument made with confusing jargon to hide its flaws. 'Profound,' 'cogent,' and 'luminous' all suggest clarity and validity.
The art critic's scathing review dismissed the artist's latest collection as nothing more than a series of ______ canvases, utterly devoid of originality or artistic merit.
The phrase 'scathing review dismissed' and 'utterly devoid of originality or artistic merit' indicates a negative assessment. 'Puerile' means childishly silly and trivial, which fits a description of art lacking maturity and merit. 'Sublime,' 'nuanced,' and 'resplendent' all have positive connotations related to art.
Despite the elaborate security measures, the heist was executed with such audacious simplicity that the authorities were left feeling utterly ______ by the criminals' sheer lack of sophisticated planning.
The phrase 'audacious simplicity' and 'sheer lack of sophisticated planning' suggests the authorities were confused and surprised by the unexpected, straightforward nature of the crime. 'Baffled' means totally bewildered or perplexed, which accurately captures their reaction. 'Enlightened,' 'gratified,' and 'vindicated' do not fit the context of confusion.
The renowned philosopher, in a rare moment of candor, admitted that even the most intricate philosophical treatises could sometimes appear remarkably ______ when viewed through the lens of pure common sense.
The contrast between 'intricate philosophical treatises' and 'pure common sense' suggests that from a common-sense perspective, these treatises might seem foolish or silly. 'Fatuous' means silly and pointless, which aligns with this interpretation. 'Abstruse' and 'recondite' mean obscure or difficult to understand, while 'lucid' means clear and easy to understand.
Which of the following best reflects the modern, non-offensive usage of 'dumb' as described in the definition?
The question asks for the modern, non-offensive usage of 'dumb' as described in the definition, which refers to someone or something seen as stupid or foolish. The option 'Despite her extensive education, she often felt dumb when discussing quantum physics' aligns with this meaning, implying a feeling of being intellectually inadequate in a specific context.
In a contemporary context, which sentence uses 'dumb' in a way that would generally be considered outdated or potentially offensive?
The definition states that the historical usage of 'dumb' meaning 'unable to speak' is now often considered offensive or outdated. The sentence 'The sudden shock left him momentarily dumb, unable to articulate his thoughts' uses 'dumb' in this older sense.
Considering the provided definition, which word is the most appropriate synonym for 'dumb' when referring to a person's intelligence in a casual, critical manner?
The definition states that 'dumb' is most commonly used to describe someone or something that is seen as stupid or foolish. 'Unintelligent' directly aligns with this meaning, referring to a lack of intelligence. The other options relate to the outdated meaning of being unable to speak.
The primary modern meaning of 'dumb' is associated with a lack of intellectual capacity.
The definition explicitly states that 'This word is most commonly used to describe someone or something that is seen as stupid or foolish,' which directly relates to a lack of intellectual capacity.
Using 'dumb' to describe someone who cannot speak is generally accepted as polite and current language.
The definition clearly states, 'Historically, it also meant being unable to speak, but this usage is now often considered offensive or outdated.' Therefore, it is not generally accepted as polite and current language.
The word 'dumb' has consistently maintained a single, unchanging meaning throughout its history.
The definition outlines two distinct meanings: 'stupid or foolish' and the historical meaning of 'unable to speak,' indicating that its meaning has changed over time.
Consider the nuance of 'dumbfounded' in a formal context.
Focus on the figurative use of 'dumb' to describe an unwillingness to listen.
Pay attention to the understated criticism implied by 'rather dumb move'.
Read this aloud:
Discuss the ethical implications of using 'dumb' to describe individuals with cognitive disabilities, even if unintentionally.
Focus: ethical implications, cognitive disabilities, unintentionally
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Elaborate on the subtle distinctions between 'ignorant,' 'foolish,' and 'dumb' in both formal and informal registers, providing contextual examples.
Focus: subtle distinctions, formal and informal registers, contextual examples
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Read this aloud:
Present a compelling argument against the continued use of 'dumb' in its historical sense of being unable to speak, advocating for more inclusive and accurate terminology.
Focus: compelling argument, historical sense, inclusive and accurate terminology
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Compose a critical essay dissecting the evolution of language, specifically focusing on how terms like 'dumb' have shifted in meaning and societal perception. Discuss the socio-linguistic implications of such semantic changes and their impact on marginalized communities. Your essay should demonstrate a nuanced understanding of historical linguistic trends and contemporary social sensitivities.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The term 'dumb,' originally denoting an inability to speak, has undergone a profound semantic shift, evolving into a pejorative primarily associated with a lack of intelligence. This transition exemplifies the broader phenomenon of the 'euphemism treadmill,' where words initially benign acquire negative connotations. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this evolution is not merely a linguistic curiosity but reflects and perpetuates societal biases, particularly against individuals with disabilities. The historical usage of 'dumb' contributed to the marginalization of deaf communities, equating their communication differences with intellectual deficits. Contemporary usage, while perhaps less overtly discriminatory in its primary sense, still carries echoes of this past, highlighting the insidious power of language to shape perception and reinforce prejudice. A critical examination of such linguistic transformations is crucial for fostering a more inclusive and empathetic discourse, recognizing that words are not neutral but are imbued with cultural and historical baggage.
Write a sophisticated literary analysis of how authors from different periods have depicted characters perceived as 'dumb' or unintelligent. Compare and contrast their narrative techniques, thematic concerns, and the societal attitudes reflected in their portrayals. Consider how these portrayals might either reinforce or subvert prevailing stereotypes.
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Sample answer
Literary portrayals of characters perceived as 'dumb' offer a compelling lens through which to examine evolving societal attitudes and narrative strategies. From Shakespeare's comedic fools, whose apparent simplicity often masked profound wisdom, to Steinbeck's Lenny Small, whose intellectual disability is juxtaposed with immense physical strength and tragic innocence, authors have used such characters to explore a spectrum of human experience. Early portrayals often relied on caricature, reinforcing prevalent stereotypes of unintelligence as a source of humor or pity. However, later writers, particularly those engaged in social realism, began to imbue these characters with greater complexity, challenging simplistic notions of intelligence and revealing the human dignity often obscured by societal labels. For instance, Faulkner's Benjy Compson, in 'The Sound and the Fury,' presents a radical narrative experiment, using his fragmented perspective to critique the perceived sanity of others. Such nuanced characterizations subvert the pejorative connotations of 'dumb,' transforming it from a derogatory label into a catalyst for deeper literary and philosophical inquiry.
Construct a persuasive argument, suitable for an academic journal, advocating for the complete eradication of the word 'dumb' from contemporary discourse, citing its historical baggage, potential for offense, and the availability of more precise and less loaded synonyms. Your argument should be meticulously structured, well-researched, and address potential counterarguments.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The continued presence of the word 'dumb' in contemporary discourse presents a compelling case for its systematic eradication, given its indelible historical baggage, pervasive potential for offense, and the linguistic abundance of more precise and less loaded synonyms. Historically, 'dumb' was intrinsically linked to an inability to speak, and its subsequent semantic shift to denote a lack of intelligence inextricably intertwines it with the ableist prejudice that equated speech impediments with cognitive deficits. This pejorative trajectory means that even in its seemingly innocuous modern usage, the word carries a subconscious resonance of marginalization and intellectual denigration. While some might argue for semantic bleaching, suggesting the word has lost its offensive edge, this perspective overlooks the profound sociocultural impact of language. Words are not inert; they shape perceptions and reinforce biases. The availability of a rich lexicon—including terms like 'unintelligent,' 'foolish,' 'ill-advised,' or 'ignorant'—renders the retention of 'dumb' not only unnecessary but ethically irresponsible. To counter the argument that such linguistic prescriptivism is overzealous, one must emphasize that this is not about stifling free speech but about fostering inclusive communication. By consciously excising 'dumb' from our vocabulary, we contribute to a more equitable and respectful linguistic environment, where individuals are not inadvertently diminished by the lexical choices of others. This intentional lexical hygiene is a vital step towards dismantling embedded biases within language itself.
According to the passage, what is a central tenet of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
Read this passage:
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis posits that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition. While often debated and interpreted with varying degrees of determinism, the hypothesis suggests that the words available to us shape not only how we express thoughts but also how we perceive reality. Consider the implications of a language where the concept of 'time' is fundamentally different or where there are numerous distinct terms for 'snow.' The absence or presence of specific vocabulary can, therefore, profoundly impact conceptual frameworks and cultural understandings. This linguistic relativity extends to how we categorize and articulate abstract concepts, including human attributes.
According to the passage, what is a central tenet of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
The passage explicitly states that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests 'the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition' and that 'the words available to us shape not only how we express thoughts but also how we perceive reality.'
The passage explicitly states that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests 'the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition' and that 'the words available to us shape not only how we express thoughts but also how we perceive reality.'
What does the 'euphemism treadmill' primarily illustrate?
Read this passage:
Euphemisms, linguistic devices designed to soften or obscure unpleasant realities, are a pervasive feature of human communication. Their deployment can be motivated by a desire for politeness, a need to avoid causing offense, or a strategic attempt to manipulate perception. However, the 'euphemism treadmill' describes a phenomenon where, over time, a euphemism itself acquires the negative connotations it was intended to replace, necessitating the creation of yet another, more 'acceptable' term. This perpetual cycle highlights the dynamic and often fraught relationship between language, social sensitivities, and the inherent difficulty in permanently sanitizing discourse.
What does the 'euphemism treadmill' primarily illustrate?
The passage defines the 'euphemism treadmill' as 'a phenomenon where, over time, a euphemism itself acquires the negative connotations it was intended to replace, necessitating the creation of yet another, more 'acceptable' term.' This clearly describes a cyclical process where euphemisms eventually fail in their original purpose.
The passage defines the 'euphemism treadmill' as 'a phenomenon where, over time, a euphemism itself acquires the negative connotations it was intended to replace, necessitating the creation of yet another, more 'acceptable' term.' This clearly describes a cyclical process where euphemisms eventually fail in their original purpose.
What is the primary objective of 'person-first language' as described in the passage?
Read this passage:
In the realm of disability studies, language plays a pivotal role in shaping societal attitudes and fostering inclusion or exclusion. Terms like 'handicapped,' 'crippled,' or 'retarded,' once commonly used, are now widely recognized as offensive and demeaning. The shift towards 'person-first language,' where the individual is emphasized before their disability (e.g., 'person with a disability' rather than 'disabled person'), represents a conscious effort to challenge dehumanizing labels and promote dignity. This linguistic evolution is not merely a matter of political correctness but reflects a deepening understanding of identity, autonomy, and the social model of disability, which posits that disability is largely a societal construct rather than an inherent individual deficit.
What is the primary objective of 'person-first language' as described in the passage?
The passage states that 'person-first language...where the individual is emphasized before their disability...represents a conscious effort to challenge dehumanizing labels and promote dignity.' This directly indicates the primary objective is to prioritize the person.
The passage states that 'person-first language...where the individual is emphasized before their disability...represents a conscious effort to challenge dehumanizing labels and promote dignity.' This directly indicates the primary objective is to prioritize the person.
This sentence critically examines the assumption that perceived intellectual limitations inherently prevent complex thought or discussion, aligning with a C2 level understanding of nuance and societal biases.
This sentence directly addresses the fallacy of inherent cognitive deficiency, framing it as a product of societal prejudice, which demands a C2 grasp of abstract concepts and critical social commentary.
This sentence delves into the psychological and social implications of using derogatory language, suggesting that such terms reflect the speaker's biases rather than an objective assessment of another's intelligence, suitable for C2 analytical skills.
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Summary
The word 'dumb' primarily means stupid or foolish, and its historical meaning of being unable to speak is now often considered offensive.
- Lacking intelligence
- Foolish behavior
- Historically, unable to speak (now offensive)
例文
That was a dumb mistake.
関連コンテンツ
Emotionsの関連語
abanimfy
C1A collective psychological state characterized by a profound loss of vitality, spirit, or motivation within a specific group or community. It describes the stagnation that occurs when a social structure or organization loses its shared sense of purpose and creative energy.
abanimize
C1状況から感情的な激しさを取り除き、客観的な状態を達成するプロセスを指します。
abhor
C1何かに対して強い嫌悪感や憎しみを抱くこと。道徳的に許せないと感じるような、深い拒絶反応を表す時に使うよ。
abminity
C1To regard something with intense loathing or extreme disgust; to treat an object or idea as an abomination. It is used in high-level contexts to describe a profound moral or aesthetic aversion toward an action or concept.
abmotine
C1Describes a state of being emotionally detached or lacking intrinsic motivation, often characterized by a cold, clinical, or indifferent stance. It is used to denote a specific lack of movement or response to external emotional stimuli.
abominable
C1Causing a feeling of hatred or disgust; very unpleasant or disagreeable. It often describes something morally repulsive or extremely bad in quality.
abphilous
C1To consciously withdraw or distance oneself from a previous affinity, attraction, or emotional attachment. It involves a systematic effort to break a psychological bond in order to achieve a state of neutrality or objectivity.
absedhood
C1「absedhood」とは、周囲や社会的責任から深く離れている、または感情的に引きこもっている状態を指します。しばしば自己誘発的な、激しい孤立状態です。
abvidness
C1The quality or state of being intensely eager, enthusiastic, or consumed by a particular interest or desire. It represents a level of dedication and spirited engagement that often goes beyond standard enthusiasm, typical of scholars, collectors, or hobbyists.
adacrty
C1Alacrity refers to a cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness to do something. It describes not only the speed of an action but also the positive and enthusiastic attitude of the person performing it.
