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A2 noun #2,200 よく出る 11分で読める

wine

練習する 例文 メモとヒント wine 30秒で
解説 wine in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'wine' is a basic vocabulary word related to food and drink. Learners should recognize it as an alcoholic beverage made from grapes. They should be able to identify the two most common colors: red and white. At this stage, the focus is on simple sentences like 'I like red wine' or 'Do you drink wine?'. It is often introduced alongside other common drinks like water, juice, milk, and beer. Learners should also know the word 'glass' to say 'a glass of wine'. The goal is basic identification and expressing simple preferences in a restaurant or social setting without needing to describe the taste or origin in detail.
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For A2 learners, 'wine' becomes part of more functional conversations. They should be able to order wine in a restaurant, understand the difference between 'still' and 'sparkling' wine, and use basic adjectives like 'dry' or 'sweet'. They might also learn about 'bottles' and 'glasses' as units of measurement. At this level, learners start to encounter 'wine' in the context of travel and culture, such as 'wine regions' or 'wine tasting'. They should also be aware of the uncountable nature of the word in general statements and its countable use when ordering specific drinks. Simple pairings, like 'white wine with fish', are also introduced at this stage.
At the B1 level, learners can describe wine with more nuance. They use words like 'flavor', 'aroma', and 'region'. They can discuss their preferences in more detail, explaining why they like a certain type (e.g., 'I prefer white wine because it is more refreshing'). They also begin to learn common idioms and expressions, such as 'to wine and dine'. B1 learners should be comfortable reading a basic wine list and understanding terms like 'house wine', 'vintage', and 'varietal'. They can also understand simple descriptions of how wine is made, including the role of 'vineyards' and 'harvesting'. Their ability to use 'wine' in social and professional contexts increases significantly.
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B2 learners should have a sophisticated grasp of wine-related vocabulary. They can participate in detailed discussions about wine quality, 'terroir', and the aging process. They understand more complex descriptors like 'full-bodied', 'tannic', 'oaky', and 'crisp'. At this level, they can distinguish between different types of fortified wines (Port, Sherry) and understand the legal protections for certain names (like Champagne). They are also aware of the social etiquette surrounding wine, such as decanting and proper serving temperatures. In writing, they can use 'wine' in more abstract or metaphorical ways, and they are familiar with the economic and environmental issues facing the global wine industry.
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At the C1 level, the learner's knowledge of 'wine' approaches that of a native speaker or an enthusiast. They can understand and use technical terms related to oenology and viticulture with ease. They are familiar with subtle nuances in wine reviews and can write their own detailed descriptions. They understand the historical and cultural significance of wine in various civilizations and can discuss its role in literature and art. C1 learners are also proficient in using rare idioms and literary references involving wine. They can navigate complex social situations where wine knowledge is a mark of cultural capital, such as high-end business dinners or formal tastings.
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C2 mastery involves a complete and effortless command of the word 'wine' and its entire semantic field. This includes understanding archaic uses, highly technical scientific discussions about fermentation chemistry, and the most obscure regional variations. A C2 learner can appreciate the finest distinctions in prose where wine is used as a complex symbol. They can engage in professional-level debates about wine policy, trade, and history. Their vocabulary includes rare terms like 'sommelier', 'vintner', 'must', and 'lees'. At this level, the word 'wine' is not just a vocabulary item but a gateway to a deep understanding of human history, chemistry, and global culture.
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

wine 30秒で

  • Wine is an alcoholic beverage made primarily from fermented grapes, available in red, white, and rosé varieties, and often enjoyed with food.
  • The production of wine involves viticulture (growing grapes) and oenology (winemaking), with quality influenced by climate, soil, and aging techniques.
  • Common wine styles include still, sparkling, and fortified, each offering unique flavor profiles ranging from dry and crisp to sweet and bold.
  • Culturally, wine is associated with sophistication, social rituals, and religious ceremonies, making it a key element of global culinary traditions.

The word wine refers to an alcoholic beverage typically produced through the natural fermentation of grapes. While other fruits like blackberries, cherries, or apples can be fermented to create 'fruit wine,' the term used in isolation almost exclusively denotes the product of the genus Vitis vinifera. At its core, wine is a complex chemical solution of water, ethanol, and various organic compounds that contribute to its color, aroma, and flavor profile. For an A2 learner, it is essential to understand that wine is not just a drink but a cultural artifact with thousands of years of history, deeply embedded in social rituals, religious ceremonies, and culinary traditions across the globe.

Botanical Origin
Derived primarily from wine grapes, which are smaller, sweeter, and have thicker skins than table grapes.
Fermentation Process
The biological process where yeast converts the natural sugars of the grape juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Classification
Usually categorized by color (red, white, rosé) and style (still, sparkling, fortified).

"The waiter brought a bottle of chilled white wine to accompany our seafood dinner, explaining its crisp acidity and citrus notes."

Understanding wine requires a grasp of its sensory attributes. We describe wine using a specific vocabulary: 'body' refers to the weight or viscosity of the liquid in the mouth; 'tannins' are the compounds that create a drying sensation (common in red wines); and 'acidity' provides the refreshing, tart quality. For a beginner, the most important distinction is between 'dry' (not sweet) and 'sweet' wines. This distinction is crucial when ordering in a restaurant or purchasing a bottle for a social event.

"France is famous for its high-quality wine regions like Bordeaux and Burgundy."

Vintage
The year in which the grapes were harvested, often indicating the quality based on that year's weather.
Terroir
A French term used in English to describe how the specific environment (soil, climate) influences the wine's character.

"He poured a glass of red wine and let it breathe for a few minutes to enhance its aroma."

Historically, wine has been a symbol of status and sophistication. In ancient Greece and Rome, it was a staple of the diet, though often diluted with water. Today, the global wine industry is a multi-billion dollar sector involving complex logistics, from viticulture (growing the grapes) to oenology (the study of wine). For learners, mastering wine-related vocabulary opens doors to understanding international menus and participating in social conversations about dining and travel.

"The cellar was filled with dusty bottles of expensive wine dating back to the 1950s."

"She prefers a sparkling wine like Prosecco for celebrations rather than a heavy red."

Using the word wine correctly involves understanding its grammatical behavior and its collocation with specific verbs and adjectives. As a noun, it functions primarily as an uncountable mass noun. You don't usually say 'a wine' unless you mean 'a type of wine' or 'a glass of wine'. For example, 'I drink wine' is general, whereas 'This is a fine wine' refers to a specific variety. When ordering, 'Two red wines, please' is a common shorthand for 'Two glasses of red wine'.

Common Verbs
Drink, pour, serve, taste, produce, ferment, age, decant.
Common Adjectives
Red, white, rosé, dry, sweet, sparkling, still, full-bodied, light, crisp, fruity.

"The sommelier recommended a dry white wine to pair with the grilled sea bass."

In social contexts, the etiquette of wine usage is significant. You 'toast' with wine, 'sip' it slowly to appreciate the flavor, and 'pair' it with food. The verb 'to wine and dine' is a common idiomatic expression meaning to entertain someone with high-quality food and drink, often to impress them or win their favor. In technical contexts, you might encounter 'viticulture' (the cultivation of grapevines) or 'vinification' (the making of wine).

"They spent the evening wining and dining their prospective clients at the city's best restaurant."

When discussing wine production, we use specific terminology. Wine is 'aged' in barrels (often oak) or bottles. It is 'bottled' once the fermentation and aging processes are complete. If a wine is 'corked', it doesn't mean it has a cork in it; it means the wine has been spoiled by a contaminated cork, resulting in a musty smell. This is a common point of confusion for learners. Furthermore, 'house wine' refers to the standard, usually more affordable wine offered by a restaurant that isn't listed with the premium labels.

"We decided to order a carafe of the house wine because it was highly recommended by the locals."

Compound Nouns
Wine glass, wine bottle, wine cellar, wine list, wine taster, wine merchant.
Phrasal Verbs
Drink up, pour out, top up (your glass).

"Could you please top up my wine glass? It's nearly empty."

Finally, consider the register. In formal settings, you might use 'vintage' or 'varietal'. In casual settings, 'booze' is a slang term for alcohol in general, including wine, but it's quite informal and sometimes carries a negative connotation. Stick to 'wine' for most professional and social situations. When writing, remember that wine names (like Chardonnay or Merlot) are usually capitalized as they are proper nouns derived from regions or specific grape varieties.

"The wine list at this hotel is extensive, featuring selections from every major continent."

The word wine is ubiquitous in various settings, ranging from high-end restaurants to casual home dinners, and from television dramas to academic studies on agriculture. In a restaurant, the most common place to hear it is during the ordering process. A server might ask, 'Would you like to see the wine list?' or 'Can I start you off with a glass of wine?' In these contexts, the word is associated with relaxation, celebration, and culinary enhancement.

Hospitality Industry
Used by sommeliers, waiters, and bartenders to describe offerings and make recommendations.
Media and Entertainment
Frequently appears in cooking shows, travel documentaries, and films depicting social gatherings.
Retail Environment
Heard in supermarkets, liquor stores, and specialized wine boutiques.

"On the cooking show, the chef explained how to deglaze the pan with a splash of dry white wine."

In popular culture, wine is often used as a shorthand for sophistication or a certain lifestyle. Characters in TV shows might 'unwind with a glass of wine' after a long day. In news reports, you might hear about 'wine exports' or the impact of climate change on 'wine-growing regions'. This demonstrates the word's importance in economic and environmental discussions. Furthermore, in religious contexts, wine plays a symbolic role, particularly in the Christian Eucharist, where it represents the blood of Christ.

"The documentary highlighted the traditional wine-making techniques used in rural Georgia."

Socially, you will hear 'wine' at weddings, gallery openings, and corporate events. It is often the centerpiece of 'wine tasting' events, where enthusiasts gather to evaluate different bottles. In these settings, the language becomes more technical, with people discussing 'aromas', 'tannins', and 'finish'. Even if you aren't an expert, being able to recognize these terms in conversation will help you follow the dialogue in many social circles.

"During the wedding toast, the best man raised his wine glass to the happy couple."

Literature
Wine is a frequent metaphor for life, age, and transformation in poetry and prose.
Advertising
Used to evoke feelings of luxury, romance, and heritage.

"The advertisement featured a couple enjoying a sunset with two glasses of sparkling wine."

"I heard on the radio that the local wine festival has been postponed due to rain."

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word wine is confusing it with the phonetically similar verb 'whine'. While 'wine' is a delicious drink, 'to whine' means to complain in a high-pitched, annoying voice. Saying 'He was wining all day' instead of 'He was whining all day' changes the meaning from a person complaining to a person drinking wine—a very different image! Another common error involves the countability of the noun, as mentioned previously.

Wine vs. Vine
The 'wine' is the drink; the 'vine' is the plant it comes from. You don't drink 'vine'.
Spelling: Wine vs. Whine
Always check the 'h'. 'Wine' (drink) has no 'h' after the 'w'.
Pronunciation
Ensure the 'w' is a glide /w/, not a /v/ sound, which is a common struggle for speakers of German or Slavic languages.

"Incorrect: I bought three wines for the party. (Better: I bought three bottles of wine.)"

Another mistake occurs in the context of 'corked' wine. As noted earlier, 'corked' does not mean the wine has a cork in it; it means the wine is spoiled. Learners often use 'corked' to describe a bottle that has been opened, which is incorrect. The correct term for an opened bottle is simply 'opened' or 'uncorked'. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'sweet' and 'dry'. In the world of wine, 'dry' is the opposite of 'sweet'. If you ask for a 'dry' wine expecting something sugary, you will be disappointed.

"Incorrect: This wine is very strong. (Better: This wine has a high alcohol content or is very full-bodied.)"

Furthermore, avoid using 'alcohol' as a synonym for 'wine' in all contexts. While wine is alcohol, saying 'I'd like some alcohol' in a restaurant sounds unnatural and overly clinical. It is much better to specify 'I'd like some wine' or 'I'd like a drink'. Lastly, be careful with the word 'vintage'. Not every wine is a 'vintage wine'. A vintage wine is one made from grapes harvested in a single, specific year. Many cheaper wines are 'non-vintage' (NV), meaning they are a blend of grapes from different years to maintain a consistent flavor.

"Incorrect: He is a wine cooker. (Correct: He is a winemaker or oenologist.)"

Preposition Error
We say 'wine made FROM grapes', not 'wine made OF grapes'.
Collocation Error
We 'drink' wine, we don't 'eat' it, even if it's thick or syrupy.

"She mistakenly ordered a dessert wine to go with her steak, which was far too sweet for the meat."

"Don't confuse 'sparkling wine' with 'soda'; the bubbles come from a different process!"

While wine is a specific type of alcoholic beverage, several related terms describe similar drinks or concepts. Understanding these nuances helps in expanding your vocabulary and choosing the right word for the right occasion. The most direct relatives are other fermented beverages like cider and mead.

Cider
An alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of apples (or sometimes pears, known as perry).
Mead
An ancient alcoholic drink made by fermenting honey with water, often with added spices or fruits.
Champagne
A specific type of sparkling wine produced in the Champagne region of France. Note: all Champagne is sparkling wine, but not all sparkling wine is Champagne.

"While he enjoyed a glass of red wine, she preferred the crisp, tart taste of a local apple cider."

Other terms relate to the strength or style of the drink. 'Fortified wine' (like Port or Sherry) has a distilled spirit (usually brandy) added to it, making it higher in alcohol. 'Spirit' or 'Liquor' refers to distilled drinks like vodka, gin, or whiskey, which are much stronger than wine. 'Beer' is made from fermented cereal grains (usually barley) and is another major category of alcoholic beverage, though its production process and flavor profile are vastly different from wine.

"The bar serves a variety of beverages, including craft beers, artisanal spirits, and fine wines."

In terms of adjectives, 'vinous' is a formal word meaning 'relating to or resembling wine'. 'Alcoholic' is the broad category. When describing the color, we might use 'burgundy' or 'claret' (a British term for red Bordeaux wine) as synonyms for specific shades of deep red. 'Rosé' is the term for pink wine, which is made by leaving the grape skins in contact with the juice for a short period. Understanding these distinctions allows for more precise communication in culinary and social settings.

"She wore a dress in a beautiful shade of wine red that matched the evening's theme."

Sherry
A fortified wine from Spain, often served as an aperitif.
Port
A sweet, fortified wine from Portugal, typically served with dessert.
Vermouth
An aromatized, fortified wine flavored with various botanicals, often used in cocktails like Martinis.

"Instead of a standard wine, they offered us a small glass of chilled Sherry before the meal."

"The difference between a cheap wine and a premium one often lies in the complexity of its flavor."

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Countable vs Uncountable nouns

Partitive expressions (a glass of, a bottle of)

Adjective order (a fine red French wine)

Passive voice (The wine is made from grapes)

Zero article with uncountable nouns (I like wine)

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レベル別の例文

1

I like red wine.

Me gusta el vino tinto.

Subject + Verb + Object.

2

She does not drink wine.

Ella no bebe vino.

Negative present simple.

3

Do you want some wine?

¿Quieres un poco de vino?

Interrogative with 'some'.

4

This wine is good.

Este vino es bueno.

Demonstrative adjective + noun + is + adjective.

5

Is it white wine?

¿Es vino blanco?

Simple question with 'be'.

6

I have a glass of wine.

Tengo una copa de vino.

Countable phrase 'a glass of'.

7

The wine is on the table.

El vino está sobre la mesa.

Definite article + noun.

8

We need wine for the party.

Necesitamos vino para la fiesta.

Noun as an object of a verb.

1

Would you like a glass of red or white wine?

¿Le gustaría una copa de vino tinto o blanco?

Polite offer using 'would like'.

2

This French wine is very dry.

Este vino francés es muy seco.

Adjective 'dry' describing taste.

3

I prefer sparkling wine for celebrations.

Prefiero el vino espumoso para las celebraciones.

Verb 'prefer' + noun.

4

They produce excellent wine in this region.

Producen un vino excelente en esta región.

Present simple for general facts.

5

Can we have a bottle of the house wine, please?

¿Podemos tomar una botella del vino de la casa, por favor?

Requesting 'house wine'.

6

He bought two different wines at the shop.

Compró dos vinos diferentes en la tienda.

Countable use of 'wines' for types.

7

Is this wine sweet or dry?

¿Es este vino dulce o seco?

Alternative question.

8

We visited a wine cellar during our holiday.

Visitamos una bodega durante nuestras vacaciones.

Compound noun 'wine cellar'.

1

The sommelier suggested a wine that pairs perfectly with the steak.

El sumiller sugirió un vino que combina perfectamente con el filete.

Relative clause 'that pairs...'

2

I enjoy the fruity aroma of this particular wine.

Disfruto del aroma frutado de este vino en particular.

Noun phrase 'fruity aroma'.

3

They have been making wine here for centuries.

Han estado haciendo vino aquí durante siglos.

Present perfect continuous.

4

It is important to let the red wine breathe before drinking it.

Es importante dejar que el vino tinto respire antes de beberlo.

Infinitive phrase 'to let... breathe'.

5

We were wined and dined by our hosts in Italy.

Nuestros anfitriones nos agasajaron con comida y bebida en Italia.

Passive voice of the idiom 'wine and dine'.

6

The wine list includes several organic options.

La carta de vinos incluye varias opciones orgánicas.

Subject-verb agreement.

7

This wine has a very smooth finish.

Este vino tiene un final muy suave.

Technical term 'finish' for aftertaste.

8

If you like white wine, you should try this Chardonnay.

Si te gusta el vino blanco, deberías probar este Chardonnay.

First conditional structure.

1

The complexity of the wine's flavor profile is truly remarkable.

La complejidad del perfil de sabor del vino es verdaderamente notable.

Possessive 'wine's'.

2

Climate change is significantly affecting wine production in Europe.

El cambio climático está afectando significativamente la producción de vino en Europa.

Present continuous for ongoing trends.

3

This full-bodied red wine has high tannin levels.

Este vino tinto de gran cuerpo tiene niveles altos de taninos.

Compound adjective 'full-bodied'.

4

The wine was aged in oak barrels to enhance its character.

El vino fue envejecido en barricas de roble para realzar su carácter.

Passive voice 'was aged'.

5

He is quite a wine connoisseur and has an extensive collection.

Es todo un conocedor de vinos y tiene una colección extensa.

Noun 'connoisseur'.

6

The wine's acidity balances the richness of the cream sauce.

La acidez del vino equilibra la untuosidad de la salsa de crema.

Verb 'balances' showing relationship.

7

Many sparkling wines are produced using the traditional method.

Muchos vinos espumosos se producen utilizando el método tradicional.

Participle phrase 'using the...'

8

The region is renowned for its world-class dessert wines.

La región es famosa por sus vinos de postre de clase mundial.

Adjective 'renowned'.

1

The subtle notes of leather and tobacco in this aged wine are exquisite.

Las notas sutiles de cuero y tabaco en este vino envejecido son exquisitas.

Complex noun phrases.

2

The concept of terroir is fundamental to understanding wine quality.

El concepto de terroir es fundamental para comprender la calidad del vino.

Abstract noun 'concept'.

3

The wine industry must adapt to evolving consumer preferences.

La industria del vino debe adaptarse a las cambiantes preferencias de los consumidores.

Modal verb 'must' for necessity.

4

A vertical tasting allows you to compare different vintages of the same wine.

Una cata vertical permite comparar diferentes añadas del mismo vino.

Technical term 'vertical tasting'.

5

The wine's structure provides a solid foundation for further aging.

La estructura del vino proporciona una base sólida para un mayor envejecimiento.

Metaphorical use of 'structure'.

6

The fermentation was halted prematurely to retain some residual sugar in the wine.

La fermentación se detuvo prematuramente para retener algo de azúcar residual en el vino.

Adverbial phrase 'prematurely to retain'.

7

The wine's bouquet opened up beautifully after an hour in the decanter.

El bouquet del vino se abrió maravillosamente después de una hora en el decantador.

Phrasal verb 'opened up'.

8

The legislation aims to protect the integrity of regional wine labels.

La legislación tiene como objetivo proteger la integridad de las etiquetas de vino regionales.

Verb 'aims' + infinitive.

1

The oenologist meticulously analyzed the chemical composition of the wine.

El enólogo analizó meticulosamente la composición química del vino.

Highly technical vocabulary.

2

In the novel, wine serves as a potent symbol of the protagonist's decadence.

En la novela, el vino sirve como un símbolo potente de la decadencia del protagonista.

Literary analysis.

3

The wine's ethereal qualities are difficult to capture in mere words.

Las cualidades etéreas del vino son difíciles de capturar en simples palabras.

Advanced adjective 'ethereal'.

4

The sudden frost wreaked havoc on the nascent wine crop.

La helada repentina causó estragos en la naciente cosecha de vino.

Idiomatic 'wreaked havoc'.

5

The wine's provenance was meticulously documented in the auction catalog.

La procedencia del vino fue meticulosamente documentada en el catálogo de la subasta.

Noun 'provenance'.

6

The interplay between acidity and residual sugar in this wine is masterful.

La interacción entre la acidez y el azúcar residual en este vino es magistral.

Noun 'interplay'.

7

The wine's finish lingered on the palate, evoking memories of summer orchards.

El final del vino permaneció en el paladar, evocando recuerdos de huertos de verano.

Evocative, descriptive language.

8

The historical transition from amphorae to wooden barrels revolutionized wine storage.

La transición histórica de las ánforas a los barriles de madera revolucionó el almacenamiento de vino.

Historical analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

Red wine
White wine
Sparkling wine
Dry wine
Sweet wine
Fine wine
House wine
Wine glass
Wine bottle
Wine tasting

よく使うフレーズ

A glass of wine
A bottle of wine
Wine and dine
Wine list
Wine cellar
Wine merchant
Wine lover
Wine region
Wine production
Pour the wine

よく混同される語

wine vs Whine

wine vs Vine

wine vs Wind

慣用句と表現

"Wine and dine"
"Good wine needs no bush"
"New wine in old bottles"
"In wine there is truth (In vino veritas)"
"Water into wine"
"Age like a fine wine"
"Wine down (pun on 'wind down')"
"The wine of life"
"To be wined and dined"
"Sour grapes (related to the source of wine)"

間違えやすい

wine vs

wine vs

wine vs

wine vs

wine vs

文型パターン

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使い方

dry

Means the opposite of sweet in wine terms.

corked

Means the wine is spoiled, not that it has a cork.

よくある間違い
  • Saying 'I want a wine' when you mean 'a glass of wine'.
  • Confusing 'wine' with 'whine' in writing.
  • Thinking 'corked' means the bottle is simply closed.
  • Using 'strong' instead of 'full-bodied' for flavor.
  • Capitalizing 'wine' unless it's part of a proper name.

ヒント

Read Labels

Look at wine labels in the shop to learn regions and grape names.

Gifting

A bottle of wine is a great gift for a dinner party host.

Pairing

Try white wine with fish and red wine with meat.

Countability

Remember: 'Some wine' (general) vs 'A wine' (a type).

The 'W'

Keep your lips rounded for the 'w' in wine.

Synonyms

Use 'varietal' when talking about the grape type.

Old vs New

Learn the difference between European and non-European wines.

Temperature

Don't serve white wine too cold or red wine too hot.

Moderation

Always enjoy wine in moderation.

The List

Don't be afraid to ask the waiter for a recommendation.

暗記しよう

語源

Old English 'wīn'

文化的な背景

In many cultures, it is polite to pour wine for others before yourself.

Wine is used in the Christian Eucharist and the Jewish Kiddush.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Do you prefer red or white wine?"

"Have you ever been to a wine tasting?"

"What's your favorite region for wine?"

"Do you like sparkling wine or still wine?"

"What wine would you recommend with this dish?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time you shared a bottle of wine with friends.

If you could visit any wine region in the world, where would you go and why?

Write about your favorite type of wine and what you like about it.

Do you think wine is an important part of your culture? Why or why not?

Describe the process of making wine in your own words.

よくある質問

10 問

Red wine is made with grape skins, while white wine is usually made without them.

Some studies suggest moderate consumption may have benefits, but excessive drinking is harmful.

Keep it in a cool, dark place, ideally with the bottle lying on its side.

It refers to the year the grapes were harvested.

Yes, if exposed to air for too long, it can turn into vinegar.

Wine with carbon dioxide bubbles, like Champagne or Prosecco.

By leaving grape skins in contact with the juice for a very short time.

A trained wine professional who works in a restaurant.

Usually, red wine is served at room temperature, but some light reds are good chilled.

The standard, affordable wine offered by a restaurant.

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自分をテスト 180 問

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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